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I’m of the opinion, borne out of observation, that if one is interested in affirming one’s faith, cosmology is pretty much accepted prima facie. If one is looking for a reason to reject one’s faith, then any excuse, including arguments for skepticism, brought about over the study of your religion’s cosmology, will do. The believer will maintain their faith, the apostate will abandon their own, regardless.Dictionary: cos·mol·o·gy/käzˈmäləjē/1 the science of the origin and development of the universe. Modern astronomy is dominated by the Big Bang theory, which brings together observational astronomy and particle physics.An account or theory of the origin of the universe. plural noun: cosmologies.Cosmology: from History of Cosmologyabyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast123/lectures/lec01.htmlCosmology is the study of the Universe and its components, how it formed, how its has evolved and what is its future. Modern cosmology grew from ideas before recorded history. Ancient man asked questions such as "What's going on around me?" which then developed into "How does the Universe work?", the key question that cosmology asks.To religious studies, cosmology is about a theistically created world ruled by supernatural forces. To scientists, modern cosmology is about developing the most complete and economical as possible understanding of the Universe that is consistent with observations elucidated by natural forces. We will primarily explore the latter type of cosmology in this course.Many of the earliest recorded scientific observations were about cosmology, and pursue of understanding has continued for over 5000 years. Cosmology has exploded in the last 20 years with radically new information about the structure, origin and evolution of the Universe obtained through recent technological advances in telescopes and space observatories and basically has become a search for the understanding of not only what makes up the Universe (the objects within it) but also its overall architecture.Modern cosmology is on the borderland between science and philosophy, close to philosophy because it asks fundamental questions about the Universe, close to science since it looks for answers in the form of empirical understanding by observation and rational explanation. Thus, theories about cosmology operate with a tension between a philosophical urge for simplicity and a wish to include all the Universe's features versus the total complexity of it all.Neolithic Cosmology:Cosmology is as old as humankind. Once primitive social groups developed language, it was a short step to making their first attempts to understand the world around them. Very early cosmology, from Neolithic times of 20,000 to 100,000 years ago, was extremely local. The Universe was what you immediately interacted with. Cosmological things were weather, earthquakes, sharp changes in your environment, etc. Things outside your daily experience appeared supernatural, and so we call this the time of Magic Cosmology.The earliest physical evidence of astronomical and cosmological thinking is a lunar calendar found on a bone fragment in Sub-Saharan Africa dated at about 20,000 BC. Late megalithic structures with astronomical purpose appear in Africa and Europe around 5,000 BC (primitive versions of the famous Stonehenge complex in Britain). It is important to note that these structures and technologies were constructed by numerous different cultures which had had no contact with each other. In other words, the conclusions they reached about the cosmos were universal and the people of time were willing to commit significant resources to express these ideas.Early people projected their own inner thoughts and feelings into an outer animistic world, a world where everything was alive. Through prayers, sacrifices and gifts to the spirits, human beings gained control of the phenomena of their world. This is an anthropomorphic (magic) worldview, of the living earth, water, wind and fire, into which men and women projected their own emotions and motives as the guiding forces, the kind of world one finds in fantasy and fairy tales.The earliest recorded astronomical observation is the Nebra sky disk from northern Europe dating approximately 1,600 BC (see above). This 30 cm bronze disk depicts the Sun, a lunar crescent and stars (including the Pleiades star cluster). The disk is probably a religious symbol as well as a crude astronomical instrument or calendar. In the Western hemisphere, similar understanding of basic stellar and planetary behavior was developing. For example, Native American culture around the same time were leaving rock drawings, or petroglyphs, of astronomical phenomenon. The clearest example is found below, a petroglyph which depicts the 1,006 AD supernova that resulted in the Crab Nebula.Later in history, 5,000 to 20,000 years ago, humankind begins to organize themselves and develop what we now call culture. A greater sense of permanence in your daily existences leads to the development of myths, particularly creation myths to explain the origin of the Universe.Most myths maintain supernatural themes, with gods, divine and semi-divine figures, but there was usually an internal logical consistence to the narrative. Myths are often attempts at a rational explanation of the everyday world, their goal is to teach. Even if we consider some of the stories to be ridiculous, they were, in some sense, our first scientific theories. They also closely follow a particular religion, and this time is characterized by a close marriage of science and religion. We call this the time of Mythical Cosmology.Egyptian/Mesopotamia Cosmology:In the region now know as the Mideast, about 5,000 years ago humankind begins to organize themselves and develop the great Bronze Age cultures. These first great civilizations (clustered about the Nile and Euphrates rivers) gave the common man a greater sense of permanence to their daily existences. This leads to the development of myths, particularly creation myths, to explain the origin of the Universe. Today, we divide the study of cosmology into cosmogony, the study of the creation of the Universe, versus cosmology, the study of the structure and evolution of the Universe (and its destiny). Many of these early creation myths were first attempts at a logical, consistent cosmogony.Historians tend to exaggerate the capabilities of ancient Egyptians, when, in fact, they were a practical culture. The development of cosmology in ancient Egypt followed practical lines. Early man's impressions of the night sky formulated into various myths which then later became the core of Egyptian religion. Since its principal deities were heavenly bodies, a great deal of effort was made by the priesthood to calculate and predict the time and place of their god's appearances. These skills led to the division of the day and night into twelve sections each, the development of a lunar calendar and the development of a solar calendar of 12 30-day months with a special 5-day unit to bring the total to 365 days.Early Egyptians impressions of the night sky formulated into various myths which then later became the core of Egyptian religion. Since its principal deities were heavenly bodies, a great deal of effort was made by the priesthood to calculate and predict the time and place of their god's appearances. Because the sun god, Ra, was the pre-eminent god, the annual solar motion along the horizon was a key astronomical observation for the Egyptians. The timing and position of the northernmost and southernmost turning points, the solstices, ultimately fixed the mythology of Egyptian cosmology. Egyptian legend declares that the sky goddess Nut gives birth to Ra once a year, catalysing both calendar development and the concept of divine royalty plus the matrilineal inheritance of the throne.Nut is often portrayed as a naked female stretched across the sky. The Sun (Ra) is shown entering her mouth, passing through her star speckled body and emerging from her birth canal nine months later (from the spring equinox to the winter solstice). Thus, Ra becomes a self-creating god, i.e. the Universe is self-creating and eternal.By the Old Kingdom, the astronomical/religious zeal of the pharaohs is reflected in the construction of massive pyramids at Giza. Their shape reflects the manner in which clouds and dust scatter sunlight into broad swaths forming stairways to heaven. These were stone pathways to the gods and were oriented to reach the immortal ones, i.e. the northern circumpolar stars.Perhaps the earliest of the combination of mythical and theological ideas is found in the Mesopotamian civilizations (divided into the Old Babylonian, Assyrian, New Babylonian and Late Babylonian periods). The Babylonian myths centered on plurality of the heavens and earth with a six-level universe consisting of three heavens and three earths: two heavens above the sky, the heaven of the stars, the earth, the underground of the Apsu, and the underworld of the dead. The Earth was created by the god Marduk as a raft floating on fresh water (Apsu) surrounded by a vastly larger body of salt water (Tiamat). The gods were divided into two pantheons, one occupying the heavens and the other in the underworld.Babylonian astronomy is noted for their detailed, and continuous, records of astronomical phenomenon such as eclipses, positions of the planets and rise and setting of the Moon. These records date back to 800 B.C. and are the oldest scientific documents in existence. The purpose of this activity was clearly astrological with the aim of forecasting the fortunes of the country as well as of the king. In addition to records, Babylonian astronomers also developed several arithmetic tools to aid in the prediction of eclipses and planetary motion. However, while their record keeping was a novel technology for the time, and their system of stellar names and measurement system was passed onto later civilizations, the Babylonians never developed a cosmological model in which to interpret their observations. Greek astronomers will achieve this goal using the Babylonian data.Greek Cosmology:Perhaps one of the greatest influences on modern thought are the ideas that arose from Greek philosophy between 600 BC and start of the Roman Empire. The works of scholars from this era will influence philosophers and scientists into the 21st century and many of our modern cosmological frameworks have their root in ancient Greek ideas. While many of our first cosmologies were based on myths and legends, it is the Greek philosophical tradition that introduces an intellectual approach based on evidence, reason and debate. While many of their ideas barely qualify as scientific theories, their reliance on mathematics as a tool to understand the Universe remains to this day.The third stage, what makes up the core of modern cosmology, grew out of ancient Greek, later adopted by the Church. The underlying theme in Greek science is the use of observation and experimentation to search for simple, universal laws. We call this the time of Geometric Cosmology.The struggle to formulation a Geometric Cosmology led to the development of the biggest philosophical achievement of humankind, the philosophy of science. Indirectly, through an examination of our myths and creation stories, we developed the ideas and techniques that later would become the core ideas to this thing we call science.Central to Greek cosmology is the belief that the underlying order of the Universe can be expressed in mathematical form lies at the heart of science and is rarely questioned. But is mathematics a human invention or does it have an independent existence?Idealization of physical phenomenon led Plato to hypothesize that there were two Universes, the physical world and an immaterial world of `forms', perfect aspects of everyday things such as a table, bird, and ideas/emotions, joy, action, etc. The objects and ideas in our material world are `shadows' of the forms (see Plato's Allegory of the Cave). This solves the problem of how objects in the material world are all distinct (no two tables are exactly the same) yet they all have `tableness' in common. There are different objects reflecting the `tableness' from the Universe of Forms.Thus, there came into existence two schools of thought. One school is attributed to Plato, and finds that Nature is a structure that is precisely governed by timeless mathematical laws. According to Platonists we do not invent mathematical truths, we discover them. The Platonic world exists and physical world is a shadow of the truths in the Platonic world. This reasoning comes about when we realize (through thought and experimentation) how the behavior of Nature follows mathematics to an extremely high degree of accuracy. The deeper we probe the laws of Nature, the more the physical world disappears and becomes a world of pure math.The other school held that mathematical concepts are mere idealizations of our physical world. The world of absolutes, what is called the Platonic world, has existence only through the physical world. In this case, the mathematical world is the same as the Platonic world and would be thought of as emerging from the world of physical objects.Note that mathematics plays a key role in both worldviews. Mathematics transcends the physical reality that confronts our senses. The fact that mathematical theorems are discovered by several investigators indicates some objective element to mathematical systems (supporting Plato's view). But, since our brains have evolved to reflect the properties of the physical world, it is of no surprise that we discover mathematical relationships in Nature.Anthropocentric Universe:Both Plato and Pythagoras influenced the first logically consistent cosmological worldview, developed by the Greeks in the 4th century B.C. This early cosmology was an extrapolation of the Greek theory of matter proposed by Empedocles. This theory states that all matter in the Universe is composed of some combination of four elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Air. These four elements arise from the working of the two properties of hotness (and its contrary coldness) and dryness (and its contrary wetness) upon an original unqualified or primitive matter. The possible combinations of these two properties of primitive matter give rise to the four elements or elemental forms.Perhaps only a culture whose leaders were involved with logic and geometry would put the concepts of chemistry in such a logical and geometric form. Fire and Water are obvious opposites, and so are Earth and Air. These opposites share no common properties. There are four properties, each shared by two non-opposite elements: fire and air share the property of hotness, water and air the property of wetness, and so on. Since the four elements are two pairs of opposite elements, so also are the four properties - hotness being the opposite of coldness and wetness the opposite of dryness. Each of the four elements was held to exist in an ideal pure form, which could not actually be found on earth. The real things around us were considered impure, or mixed, forms of these four ideal elements. Thus the different airs, or gases, were the form of air mixed with different proportions of the forms of fire or water; smoke was a mixture of the forms of air and earth with some of the form of fire added. But there was an ideal or pure form of earth, air, fire, and water, and the real ones which we see and use were not ideal but of lesser purity. In other words, the real or observed different kinds of the same element are due to different degrees of the same properties. The elements could be changed into one another by removal of one property and addition of another.In a seemingly unrelated discovery, Euclid, a Greek mathematician, proved that there are only five solid shapes that can be made from simple polygons (the triangle, square and pentagon). Plato, strongly influenced by this pure mathematical discovery, revised the four element theory with the proposition that there were five elements to the Universe (earth, water, air, fire and quintessence) in correspondence with the five regular solids.Elements had a natural tendency to separate in space; fire moved outwards, away from the earth, and earth moved inwards, with air and water being intermediate. Thus, each of these five elements occupied a unique place in the heavens (earth elements were heavy and, therefore, low; fire elements were light and located up high). Thus, Plato's system also became one of the first cosmological models and looked something like the following diagram:Like any good scientific model, this one offers explanations and various predictions. For example, hot air rises to reach the sphere of Fire, so heated balloons go up. Note that this model also predicts some incorrect things, such as all the planets revolve around the Earth, called the geocentric theory. The geocentric cosmology becomes the first of many anthropocentric universes, ones where humankind's special nature in the animal world leads to the idea that the Universe is designed for us, or by us.CosmologyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThe Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) was completed in September 2012 and shows the farthest galaxies ever photographed. Except for the few stars in the foreground (which are bright and easily recognizable because only they have diffraction spikes), every speck of light in the photo is an individual galaxy, some of them as old as 13.2 billion years; the observable universe is estimated to contain more than 2 trillion galaxies.Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is a branch of astronomy concerned with the studies of the origin and evolution of the universe, from the Big Bang to today and on into the future. It is the scientific study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe. Physical cosmology is the scientific study of the universe's origin, its large-scale structures and dynamics, and its ultimate fate, as well as the laws of science that govern these areas.The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia, and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in Cosmologia Generalis.Religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature and traditions of creation myths and eschatology.Physical cosmology is studied by scientists, such as astronomers and physicists, as well as philosophers, such as metaphysicians, philosophers of physics, and philosophers of space and time. Because of this shared scope with philosophy, theories in physical cosmology may include both scientific and non-scientific propositions, and may depend upon assumptions that cannot be tested. Cosmology differs from astronomy in that the former is concerned with the Universe as a whole while the latter deals with individual celestial objects. Modern physical cosmology is dominated by the Big Bang theory, which attempts to bring together observational astronomy and particle physics; more specifically, a standard parameterization of the Big Bang with dark matter and dark energy, known as the Lambda-CDM model.Theoretical astrophysicist David N. Spergel has described cosmology as a "historical science" because "when we look out in space, we look back in time" due to the finite nature of the speed of lightBiblical cosmologyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBiblical cosmology is the biblical writers' conception of the cosmos as an organised, structured entity, including its origin, order, meaning and destiny.The Bible was formed over many centuries, involving many authors, and reflects shifting patterns of religious belief; consequently, its cosmology is not always consistent. Nor do the biblical texts necessarily represent the beliefs of all Jews or Christians at the time they were put into writing: the majority of those making up Hebrew Bible or Old Testament in particular represent the beliefs of only a small segment of the ancient Israelite community, the members of a late Judean religious tradition centered in Jerusalem and devoted to the exclusive worship of Yahweh.The ancient Israelites envisaged a universe made up of a flat disc-shaped Earth floating on water, heaven above, underworld below. Humans inhabited Earth during life and the underworld after death, and the underworld was morally neutral; only in Hellenistic times (after c.330 BCE) did Jews begin to adopt the Greek idea that it would be a place of punishment for misdeeds, and that the righteous would enjoy an afterlife in heaven. In this period too the older three-level cosmology in large measure gave way to the Greek concept of a spherical earth suspended in space at the center of a number of concentric heavens. The opening words of the Genesis creation narrative (Genesis 1:1-26) sum up a view of how the cosmos originated: "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth"; Yahweh, the God of Israel, was solely responsible for creation and had no rivals. Later Jewish thinkers, adopting ideas from Greek philosophy, concluded that God's Wisdom, Word and Spirit penetrated all things and gave them unity. Christianity in turn adopted these ideas and identified Jesus with the Logos (Word): "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God"Ex nihilo : Around the time of Jesus or a little earlier, the Greek idea that God had actually created matter replaced the older idea that matter had always existed, but in a chaotic state. This concept, called creatio ex nihilo, is now the accepted orthodoxy of most denominations of Judaism and Christianity. Most denominations of Christianity and Judaism believe that a single, uncreated God was responsible for the creation of the cosmos.Great chain of beingFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia1579 drawing of the Great Chain of Being from Didacus Valades, Rhetorica ChristianaThe Great Chain of Being is a hierarchical structure of all matter and life, thought in medieval Christianity to have been decreed by God. The chain starts with God and progresses downward to angels, demons (fallen/renegade angels), stars, moon, kings, princes, nobles, commoners, wild animals, domesticated animals, trees, other plants, precious stones, precious metals and other minerals.The Great Chain of Being (Latin: scala naturae, "Ladder of Being") is a concept derived from Plato, Aristotle (in his Historia Animalium), Plotinus and Proclus. Further developed during the Middle Ages, it reached full expression in early modern Neoplatonism.CosmologyThe ChainSt Thomas Aquinas classified all beings by rank.GodGod is at the top of the chain and is also external to creation. God exists outside the physical limitations of time and space. He possesses the spiritual attributes of reason, love, and imagination, like all spiritual beings, but he alone possesses the divine attributes of omnipotence, omniscience, and omnipresence. God serves as the model of authority for the strongest, most virtuous, most excellent type of being within any category.Angelic beings( Christian angelology)Angels are beings of pure spirit who have no physical bodies of their own. In order to affect the physical world, angels build temporary bodies for themselves out of particles of earthly elements.Medieval and Renaissance theologians believed angels to possess reason, love, imagination, and, like God, to stand outside the physical limitations of time.They possess sensory awareness unbound by physical organs, and they possess language. They lacked, however, the divine attributes of omnipotence, omniscience, and omnipresence of God, and they simultaneously lacked the physical passions experienced by humans and animals. Depending upon the author, the class of angels is further subdivided into three, seven, nine, or ten ranks, variously known as triads, orders, or choirs. Each rank has greater power and responsibility than the entities below them. The most common classification is that of Pseudo-Dionysios adopted for example by St. Thomas Aquinas.Seraphim (seraph is the primate, or superior type of angel)CherubimThrones (Ophanim)DominionsVirtuesPowersPrincipalitiesArchangelsAngelsHumanityFor Medieval and Renaissance thinkers, humans occupy a unique position on the Chain of Being, straddling the world of spiritual beings and the world of physical creation. Humans possess divine powers such as reason, love, and imagination. Like angels, humans are spiritual beings, but unlike angels, human souls are "knotted" to a physical body. As such, they are subject to passions and physical sensations—pain, hunger, thirst, sexual desire—just like other animals lower on the Chain of Being. They also possess the powers of reproduction unlike the minerals and rocks lowest on the Chain of Being. Humans have a particularly difficult position, balancing the divine and the animalistic parts of their nature. For instance, an angel is only capable of intellectual sin such as pride (as evidenced by Lucifer's fall from heaven in Christian belief). Humans, however, are capable of both intellectual sin and physical sins such as lust and gluttony if they let their animal appetites overrule their divine reason. Humans also possess sensory attributes: sight, touch, taste, hearing, and smell. Unlike angels, however, their sensory attributes are limited by physical organs (they could only know things discerned through the five senses). The highest-ranking human being is the king.AnimalsCharles Bonnet's chain of being from Traité d'insectologie, 1745Animals, like humans higher on the chain, are animated (capable of independent motion). They possess physical appetites and sensory attributes, the number depending upon their position within the Chain of Being. They have limited intelligence and awareness of their surroundings. Unlike humans, they lack spiritual and mental attributes such as immortal souls and the ability to use logic and language. The primate of all animals (the "king of beasts") was variously thought to be either the lion or the elephant. However, each subgroup of animals also has its own primate, an avatar superior in qualities of its type.-Mammalian primate: lion or elephant Wild animals (large cats, etc.)"Useful" domesticated animals (horse, dog, etc.)"Tame" domesticated animals (housecat, etc.)-Avian primate: eagleBirds of prey (hawks, owls, etc.)Carrion birds (vultures, crows)"Worm-eating" birds (robin, etc.)"Seed-eating" birds (sparrow, etc.)Note that avian creatures, linked to the element of air, are considered superior to aquatic creatures linked to the element of water. Air naturally tends to rise and soar above the surface of water, and analogously, aerial creatures are placed higher in the chain.-Piscine primate: whale Aquatic mammals Sharks Fish of various sizes and attributesThe chart would continue to descend through various reptiles, amphibians, and insects. The higher up the chart one went, the more noble, mobile, strong, and intelligent the creature in Renaissance belief. At the very bottom of the animal section, we find sessile creatures like the oysters, clams, and barnacles. Like the plants below them, these creatures lack mobility, and are thought to lack various sensory organs such as sight and hearing. However, they are still superior to plants because they have tactile and gustatory senses (touch and taste).PlantsPlants, like other living creatures, possess the ability to grow in size and reproduce. However, they lack mental attributes and possess no sensory organs. Instead, their gifts include the ability to eat soil, air, and "heat." Plants did have greater tolerances for heat and cold, and immunity to the pain that afflicts most animals. At the very bottom of the botanical hierarchy, fungi and mosses, lacking leaf and blossom, are so limited in form that Renaissance thinkers thought them scarcely above the level of minerals. However, each plant was also thought to be gifted with various edible or medicinal virtues unique to its own type.Trees, with the primate: the oak treeShrubsBushes"Crops" (such as wheat)HerbsFernsWeedsMossesFungiMineralsCreations of the earth, the lowest of elements, all minerals lack the plant's basic ability to grow and reproduce. They also lack mental attributes and sensory organs found in beings higher on the chain. Their unique gifts, however, are typically their unusual solidity and strength. Many minerals, in fact, were thought to possess magical powers, particularly gems. The mineral primate is the diamond.-Lapidarical primate: diamond Diamonds Rubies Emeralds Sapphires, etc.-Metallic primate: gold Gold Silver Iron (and steel)Bronze Copper, etc--Geological primate: marble Marble Granite Sandstone Limestone, etc.-Minute particles (gravel, sand, soil, etc.)Other religions developed their own cosmologies.Religious cosmologyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaReligious cosmology is an explanation of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe, from a religious perspective. This may include beliefs on origin in the form of a creation myth, subsequent evolution, current organizational form and nature, and eventual fate or destiny. There are various traditions in religion or religious mythology asserting how and why everything is the way it is and the significance of it all. Religious cosmologies describe the spatial lay-out of the universe in terms of the world in which people typically dwell as well as other dimensions, such as the seven dimensions of religion; these are ritual, experience and emotional, narrative and mythical, doctrinal, ethical, social, and material. Religious mythologies may include descriptions of an act or process of creation by a creator deity or a larger pantheon of deities, explanations of the transformation of chaos into order, or the assertion that existence is a matter of endless cyclical transformations. Religious cosmology differs from a strictly scientific cosmology informed by the results of the study of astronomy and similar fields, and may differ in conceptualizations of the world's physical structure and place in the universe, its creation, and forecasts or predictions on its future. The scope of religious cosmology is more inclusive than a strictly scientific cosmology (physical cosmology) in that religious cosmology is not limited to experiential observation, testing of hypotheses, and proposals of theories; for example, religious cosmology may explain why everything is the way it is or seems to be the way it is and prescribing what humans should do in context. Variations in religious cosmology include those of Indian origin, such as Buddhism, Hindu, and Jain; the religious beliefs of China; and, the beliefs of the Abrahamic faiths, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Religious cosmologies have often developed into the formal logics of metaphysical systems, such as Platonism, Neoplatonism, Gnosticism, Daoism, Kabbalah, or the great chain of being.Abrahamic :Judaism and Christianity: See Above.IslamCosmology according to Zakariya al-Qazwini. The Earth is considered flat and surrounded by a series of mountains—including Mount Qaf. Earth is supported by an ox that stands on Bahamut dwelling in a cosmic ocean; the ocean is inside a bowl that sits on top of an angel or jinn.Islam teaches that God created the universe, including Earth's physical environment and human beings. The highest goal is to visualize the cosmos as a book of symbols for meditation and contemplation for spiritual upliftment or as a prison from which the human soul must escape to attain true freedom in the spiritual journey to God.Below here there are some other citations from the Quran on cosmology."And the heavens We constructed with strength, and indeed, We are [its] expander." 51:47 Sahih International"Do not the unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of creation), before We clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?" 21:30 Yusuf Ali translation"The day that We roll up the heavens like a scroll rolled up for books (completed),- even as We produced the first creation, so shall We produce a new one: a promise We have undertaken: truly shall We fulfil it." 21:104 Yusuf Ali translationIndianBuddhismIn Buddhism, like other Indian religions, there is no ultimate beginning nor final end to the universe. It considers all existence as eternal, and believes there is no creator god.Buddhism views the universe as impermanent and always in flux. This cosmology is the foundation of its Samsara theory, that evolved over time the mechanistic details on how the wheel of mundane existence works over the endless cycles of rebirth and redeath. In early Buddhist traditions, Saṃsāra cosmology consisted of five realms through which wheel of existence recycled. This included hells (niraya), hungry ghosts (pretas), animals (tiryak), humans (manushya), and gods (devas, heavenly).In latter traditions, this list grew to a list of six realms of rebirth, adding demi-gods (asuras). The "hungry ghost, heavenly, hellish realms" respectively formulate the ritual, literary and moral spheres of many contemporary Buddhist traditions.According to Akira Sadakata, the Buddhist cosmology is far more complex and uses extraordinarily larger numbers than those found in Vedic and post-Vedic Hindu traditions. It also shares many ideas and concepts, such as those about Mount Meru. The Buddhist thought holds that the six cosmological realms are interconnected, and everyone cycles life after life, through these realms, because of a combination of ignorance, desires and purposeful karma, or ethical and unethical actions.HinduThe Hindu cosmology, like the Buddhist and Jain cosmology, considers all existence as cyclic. With its ancient roots, Hindu texts propose and discuss numerous cosmological theories. Hindu culture accepts this diversity in cosmological ideas and has lacked a single mandatory view point even in its oldest known Vedic scripture, the Rigveda. Alternate theories include a universe cyclically created and destroyed by god, or goddess, or no creator at all, or a golden egg or womb (Hiranyagarbha), or self-created multitude of universes with enormous lengths and time scales.The Vedic literature includes a number of cosmology speculations, one of which questions the origin of the cosmos and is called the Nasadiya sukta:Neither being (sat) nor non-being was as yet. What was concealed?And where? And in whose protection?…Who really knows?Who can declare it? Whence was it born, and whence came this creation?The devas (gods) were born later than this world's creation,so who knows from where it came into existence? None can know from wherecreation has arisen, and whether he has or has not produced it.He who surveys it in the highest heavens,He alone knows or perhaps He does not know."—Rig Veda 10. 129Time is conceptualized as a cyclic Yuga with trillions of years. In some models, Mount Meru plays a central role. Beyond its creation, Hindu cosmology posits divergent theories on the structure of the universe, from being 3 lokas to 12 lokas (worlds) which play a part in its theories about rebirth, samsara and karma. The complex cosmological speculations found in Hinduism and other Indian religions, states Bolton, is not unique and are also found in Greek, Roman, Irish and Babylonian mythologies, where each age becomes more sinful and of suffering.JainJain cosmology considers the loka, or universe, as an uncreated entity, existing since infinity, having no beginning or an end.Jain texts describe the shape of the universe as similar to a man standing with legs apart and arm resting on his waist. This Universe, according to Jainism, is narrow at the top, broad at the middle and once again becomes broad at the bottom.Mahāpurāṇa of Ācārya Jinasena is famous for this quote:Some foolish men declare that a creator made the world. The doctrine that the world was created is ill advised and should be rejected. If God created the world, where was he before the creation? If you say he was transcendent then and needed no support, where is he now? How could God have made this world without any raw material? If you say that he made this first, and then the world, you are faced with an endless regression.ChineseThere is a "primordial universe" Wuji (philosophy), and Hongjun Laozu, water or qi. It transformed into Taiji and multiplied into everything. The Pangu legend tells a formless chaos coalesced into a cosmic egg. Pangu emerged (or woke up) and separated Yin from Yang with a swing of his giant axe, creating the Earth (murky Yin) and the Sky (clear Yang). To keep them separated, Pangu stood between them and pushed up the Sky. After Pangu died, he became everything.Esoteric cosmologyEsoteric cosmology is cosmology that is an intrinsic part of an esoteric or occult system of thought. Esoteric cosmology maps out the universe with planes of existence and consciousness according to a specific worldview usually from a doctrine.GnosticismGnostic teachings were contemporary with those of Neoplatonism. Gnosticism is an imprecise label, covering monistic as well as dualistic conceptions. Usually the higher worlds of Light, called the Pleroma or "fullness", are radically distinct from the lower world of Matter. The emanation of the Pleroma and its godheads (called Aeons) is described in detail in the various Gnostic tracts, as is the pre-creation crisis (a cosmic equivalent to the "fall" in Christian thought) from which the material world comes about, and the way that the divine spark can attain salvation.Serer religionYoonir, symbol of the Universe in Serer religion.Serer religion posits that, Roog, the creator deity, is the point of departure and conclusion. As farming people, trees play an important role in Serer religious cosmology and creation mythology. The Serer high priests and priestesses (the Saltigues) chart the Star of Sirius known as Yoonir in the Serer language and some of the Cangin languages. This star enables them to give accurate information as to when Serer farmers should start planting seeds among other things relevant to Serer lives and Serer country. The Star of Yoonir is the symbol of the universe in Serer cosmology and creation mythology.A similar set of beliefs related also to Sirius, has been observed among Dogon people of Mali.In my own view, Jungian psychology offers an understanding of this inner, or spiritual landscape with it’s Archetypal beings as psychic forms in it, but the Jungian view is not religious, it is a tool of psychology and doesn’t fill the role of religion, neither should it.Jungian archetypesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaCarl Jung understood archetypes as universal, archaic patterns and images that derive from the collective unconscious and are the psychic counterpart of instinct. They are inherited potentials which are actualized when they enter consciousness as images or manifest in behavior on interaction with the outside world. They are autonomous and hidden forms which are transformed once they enter consciousness and are given particular expression by individuals and their cultures. In Jungian psychology, archetypes are highly developed elements of the collective unconscious. The existence of archetypes can only be deduced indirectly by using story, art, myths, religions, or dreams.In theory, Jungian archetypes refer to unclear underlying forms or the archetypes-as-such from which emerge images and motifs such as the mother, the child, the trickster, and the flood among others. History, culture and personal context shape these manifest representations thereby giving them their specific content. These images and motifs are more precisely called archetypal images. However it is common for the term archetype to be used interchangeably to refer to both archetypes-as-such and archetypal images.

Penguins fly underwater.Rather, they swim so well underwater that it seems as if they are flying. Penguins can swim up to speeds of 25 mph.Minnie the Mouse’s first name is not Minnie.It is Minerva. Minnie Mouse is a nickname that was given to the character by Ub Iwerks and Walt Disney. Minnie’s actual name is rarely used.Rudolph the Reindeer is female.This can be observed through their antlers. Female deer shed their antlers in the spring and grow them back into full size by winter. The male reindeer stops its growth during the winter.A jiffy is a proper unit of time.It is exactly 1/100th of a second. This is slower than a Planck which is sextillion times faster.April 11, 1954, was recorded as the most boring day in the world.Statistics show that no significant occurrences took place in the world. This was calculated by a computer search program. This program could calculate the number of important events that occur all over the world simultaneously.Tiramisu translates to ‘take me to heaven’ in Italian.This implies that this dish is so good that it would take you to heaven. This Italian dessert is well-loved all over the world and has several alternative twists you can create.Buttermilk does not contain any butter.The butter in its name refers to the origins of the drink. Now that’s a confusing random fact you probably didn’t know.Brunch was invented as a way of curing hangovers.This meal would be enjoyed as a late breakfast that leans more towards fatty foods. This came from the belief that alcohol causes cravings for greasy food to increase.Hitler’s nephew betrayed him.William Hitler attempted to blackmail his uncle with threats regarding his paternal grandfather was a Jewish merchant. After this failed, he fled Germany and wrote an article for Look magazine titled ‘Why I Hate My Uncle’. It was after this that William joined the US navy.The continental plates move at the same rate that fingernails grow.Research suggests that in some time in the far future, a supercontinent may form. The continents are continuously moving a few centimeters a year.Sailors working for the Royal Navy need special permission to grow their beards.Once this is approved, they are given two weeks to grow a full set before presenting himself to a Master at Arms. This person then decides if the beard looks presentable enough to keep.There are fewer stars than there are trees on Earth.According to statistics, there are around 3 trillion trees on the planet and only about 400 billion stars in the Milky Way.Mary and James are the most popular names around the world.Between the years of 1917 to 2016, over 5 million baby boys were named James. On the other hand, over 3.5 million baby girls were named Mary.Children are born less frequently on Saturdays.Among all the days in the week, most children in the world are born on a Thursday. Babies born on weekends in December is also the least common.Danish mothers are known to be the most hardworking moms in the world.According to statistics, 82% of mothers in Denmark are employed. Meanwhile, neighboring countries like Sweden and the Netherlands only rate at 50% working mothers.75 burgers are sold in McDonald’s every second.You can view how many burgers have been sold in real-time on their website. You can also track the number of other products that have also been sold from all over the world.1,700 people become millionaires every day in the U.S.The United States has over 8 million families who have a yearly income of over $1 million.You can’t hum while holding your nose.I bet you just tried it, didn’t you?You are more likely to have a weird or scary dream when sleeping on your stomach.This is because different sleeping positions give different pressure on your body. Sleeping on your stomach restricts other movements compared to sleeping on your side or back.Research believes that this may be why the intensity of your dreams differentiate depending on your sleeping position.Your eyeballs do not grow or change their size as you age.Generally, only the vertical measure changes, but only by a small amount. By the time we reach 20-21 years old, our eyes will be at their permanent state.Blue-eyed people have higher alcohol tolerance.Research in 2000 found that those with lighter eye colors are less likely to abuse alcohol. Thus lesser consumption and developing a higher tolerance.Male bees can only mate once.After mating with a female, the male bee’s endophallus is removed. Its abdomen also rips open and results in the male bee’s death. Now that’s what we call a bad date.Smelling green apples help with weight loss.A research stated that the smell can help curb your hunger. The neutral sweet scent that comes from green apples and bananas is enough to temporarily forget about hunger.A snail has 2,500 teeth.These teeth can be found on their tongue that’s covered in ridges. Snails eat by rubbing their tongue on its food while the ridges cut it into tiny pieces.You can die from staying up for two weeks straight.Sleep deprivation can cause your mental and motor responses to become unstable. Thus causing a higher risk to your safety.Pigeons can't fart.Farts are caused by a noticeable number of eruptions from intestinal gas. However, for a bird, their intestine is short which causes them to get rid of waste more frequently.Space partly smells like diesel fuel and barbeque.This is mainly due to the amount of dying stars in our galaxy. The combustion releases a compound called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.One strand of hair can hold up to 3 ounces of weight.The average person’s head contains about 100,000 strands of hair. If you do the math, your hair can support up to 12 tons worth of weight.Watching horror movies before viewing abstract art will enhance the experience.This comes from a recent study that proved our reaction towards abstract images improve when frightened. This is especially so for those who are not big fans of the movie genre.Children’s book author, Roald Dahl was a spy.To be more precise, he was an agent for the British Security Coordination. He was tasked to gather intel during the second world war.NASCAR drivers lose weight while racing.Because of the high temperatures during a race, the average driver can lose up to 10 pounds worth of weight by sweating. A racecar regularly reaches temperatures of 170 degrees despite the built-in ventilation.Indians read the most in the world.On average, they spend 10 hours more of their time during the week just reading. In the age of digital media, this country still prefers an old fashioned book rather than their phones.Cap'n Crunch was once sued for not using real berries.An American woman by the name of Jeanine Sugawara was shocked to find out the cereal was falsely advertising its contents. However, the complaint was quickly dismissed when the judge stated that there is no such thing as Crunch Berry.Cap'n Crunch's full name is Horatio Magellan Crunch.He was named after the famous explorer Ferdinand Magellan. His ship is also called the S.S. Guppy.The most widely printed book in the world is the catalog for IKEA.IKEA has over 200 million copies of its catalog circulated annually. This surpasses the amount of printing the Christian bible has.Crocodiles are one of the planet’s oldest living creatures.These animals have survived for over 200 million years. This may be due to their superb ability to be able to go for long periods without eating.The Aurora Borealis has a sister phenomenon.This can be viewed in the southern hemisphere. It is also called the Aurora Australis and the light show it executes is as beautiful.The salty taste of bacon isn’t natural.The salty flavor that we all love comes from the curing and brining process. After the meat is prepared, it is flavored and preserved.There was a fifth member of the Beatles.Stuart Sutcliffe was a painter and bassist who was an original member before the band came into fame. He soon later died due to a brain hemorrhage.Apple once had a clothing line.They mainly consisted of graphic tees with cheesy designs on them. Ironically, they would’ve made a bigger hit today than in 1986.3 Musketeer chocolate bars used to have 3 flavors.These candy bars came in three breakable pieces and were originally made for sharing. Each candy bar contained a different flavor – strawberry, chocolate, and vanilla.You cannot crack your knuckles.The sound it makes is due to the gasses that are released when you put pressure on them. When joints are stretched, the pockets of gas between the joints are released.The bones of the human body can multiply in density.This occurs in very extreme cases. People who have discovered to have this rare gene mutation have cases of walking away from car accidents and other impact injuries without fractures.Your funny bone is a nerve.This funny bone connects the shoulder to the elbow and also has the ulnar nerve running along it. This nerve is responsible for sensing feelings in the ring and pinky fingers.A french pig was executed for killing a child.A pig from the middle ages was tied to a crime involving a murder. The pig was said to have come in contact with a child’s face which caused complications due to the injuries. Ultimately, this led to the death of the 3-month old child. The pig was sent to jail and eventually publicly executed.Pineapples are named after pinecones.This is mainly due to the similarity of its spiky outer skin. Pinecones are also the product of the pine tree.Scotland has over 400 words to refer to snow.One of Scotland’s three official languages have a great extent of expressive phrases for snow. A few among these words include snaw (snow) and flindrinkin (light snow showers).There are more than 200 flavors of Kit Kat in Japan.You can find Japan exclusive flavored Kit Kats such as Adzuki (Red bean), Tamaruya Honten Wasabi (Japanese horseradish), Shinshu Apple and more. Don’t forget to bring these exotic flavors home to share with your loved ones on your next trip to Japan!New Zealand was once auctioned on eBay.In 2006, an Australian man auctioned the country on the e-commerce platform with a starting bid of $0.01. The bidding prices were raised to $3,000 before officials of the website shut it down.There is a city in Oregon called Boring.It also has a sister city called Dull in Scotland. This town was named after its founder William H. Boring.Leeches were used to predict the weather.This was a common practice during the Victorian era. However, further research proved that this type of prediction method was not reliable.The ‘?!’ punctuation mark has a term.It is called an interrobang and was invented during the 1960s. This combination of punctuation made it easy for advertisements to express emotional questions. The interrobang originally looked like both marks were overlapped (‽).Only owning one guinea pig is illegal in Switzerland.Guinea pigs are herd animals and therefore become severely depressed when alone. Switzerland considered only owning one illegal to practice social rights for animals.A man in Florida once threw a live alligator through a drive-thru window.A 24-year-old man named Joshua James was being handed his order at a Wendy’s drive-thru before he randomly threw an alligator into the window. He was then later charged for assault, theft, and the illegal possession of an alligator.Great Britain once had a number where you can report rogue traffic cones.Britain launched a hotline in 1992 to improve public services. However, this policy was mocked for being pointless and a waste of government funds.The largest recorded snowflake is 15 inches wide.This was dated January 28, 1887, in Montana, U.S.A. It was stated that army personnel witnessed the falling snowflake as frisbee-sized.McDonald’s once had bubblegum flavored broccoli.This was done as an attempt to make kids enjoy eating vegetables. However, this strange method failed for obvious reasons.American Airlines saved money by getting rid of olives from their meals.About three decades ago the airline started looking into ways on how to save money. They started by removing a single olive on their first-class meals which lead to an annual savings of $40,000 during the 1980s.‘OMG’ was first used in a letter to Winston Churchill in 1917.A retired British admiral of the Royal Navy one day became excited due to headlines regarding the mobilizing forces of Britain. Excited to share this news with a college, the admiral quickly wrote a small acronym for ‘Oh My God!’ in his letter. Little did he know that he had just invented one of the most popular acronyms of today’s society.Sailors consider black cats good luck.Some sailors use black cats as the ship’s cat in hopes of a safe voyage. Some fishermen’s wives would even keep a black cat at home as well in hopes of their husband’s safe return.A janitor invented the flaming hot Cheetos.One of the janitors working at the Frito-Lay plant in Southern California pitched the idea of adding chili powder to the regular product. Top Brass liked the idea and so did many consumers. This leads the janitor to a generous promotion where he is now an executive for PepsiCo.North Korean teachers were required to play the accordion.This musical instrument is also known as the “people’s instrument” due to its convenient size suitable for taking to marches. Students from all schools in the country are required to learn them. This explains why teachers need to pass an accordion exam before they get their teaching licenses during the 1990s.Melting glaciers make fizzy noises.This is also known as bergy seltzer because of how similar it sounds to fizzing soda. The sound is mainly due to the melting waters that free tiny bubbles trapped in ice.Male students attending Brigham Young University cannot grow beards.This Mormon flagship university has several strict guidelines that include banning premarital sex, alcohol, and tattoos. Unless you have a medical condition or a specific religion, men from this university are not allowed to grow a beard.A pistol can only be used by one hand.Many of these guns are mainly used for self-defense. Many models also only fire one shot after every pulled trigger.Black taxis in London are tall for a reason.This is so that gentlemen are able to ride in them without having to remove their top hats. For many, this is considered to be very convenient.Flipping a shark will render it temporarily immobile.Certain species of sharks enter a state of tonic immobility due to the shock when flipped over. Some killer whales have been recorded to exploit this weakness and purposely flip them over.The largest living organism is an aspen grove.This grove is referred to as Pando and can be found in the state of Utah. The grove is made up of 47,000 identical quaking aspen trees that cover over 106 acres.Someone will write and recite a poem at your funeral if you die in the Netherlands.This is mostly the case for those who die without a next of kin. This practice is done so that there will be at least one person at their funeral.Alan Shepard played golf on the moon.He is also the one and only person to play golf on the moon during the Apollo 14 mission. His second shot traveled further than 200 yards.Ioannis Ikonomou has been the chief translator of the European Parliament since 2002.This Greek translator has 32 languages under his belt and even knows languages outside of the EU. How’s that for a hidden talent?Kummerspeck is German for the weight gained during emotional eating.This vaguely translates to ‘grief bacon’. In some languages, this German term is said to add insult to injury.SEARS once sold houses.SEARS once offered kit houses that you would have to assemble yourself. The original instruction manual was 75 pages long. This was much before every city and state in the U.S had Walmart.An encrypted monument stands outside of the CIA headquarters in Virginia.This monument was created by artist Jim Sanborn and features four inscriptions. 3 of 4 of the inscriptions have been cracked already. However, no one seems to be able to crack the final code to this day.Cold water is just as cleansing as hot water.Modern detergents allow clothes to be clean equally with either warm or cold water. The only difference between the two is that warm water requires more energy used.David Bowie helped topple the Berlin wall.During a performance in 1987, Bowie’s performance of ‘Heroes’ near the Reichstag could be heard by the police in East Berlin. This resulted in a police crackdown because such music was forbidden there. Some say that the violent police crackdown during the concert was a necessity in changing the mood against the state.Tap water in Manhattan is not Kosher.Very small crustaceans have been found in the tap water within New York City. Automatically, this cannot be considered kosher water.A park ranger from the U.S was once hit by lightning 7 times.This occurred between the years of 1942 to 1977 at the Shenandoah National Park in Virginia. This park ranger holds the name of the Human lightning Rod in the Guinness Book of World Records.The fedora was originally a hat made for women.Over time, it became acceptable for men to wear them as well. Today, both men and women wear them mainly for fashion purposes.The story of Beauty and the Beast was aimed to make women open to arranged marriages.The original 1740 tale stated that the beast was an elephant-fish hybrid. The story mainly revolves around the idea of accepting arranged marriages for the sake of an alliance that was greater than them as a person.Timothy Leary escaped prison.Rather than break out, he simply walked away from the minimum-security prison he had been placed in since 1970. He then later changed out of his prison uniform at a nearby gas station.Bottled water has an expiration date.To be more precise, the expiration date is for the bottle itself, and not the water. This is because, over time, the plastic will start leaking into the water.Now, this is one useful random fact you should know!Many pets from the U.S run away on July 4th.This is highly due to their fear of fireworks during America’s Day of Independence.Queen Elizabeth cannot sit on the Iron Throne.By Royal law, the Queen is not allowed to sit upon a foreign throne. This was vital information that was only discovered when the Queen visited the set of Game of Thrones in Northern Ireland.Incan people used knots to keep track of records.These knots were also tied to pendants and cords. The knots are better known as quipu and its meanings would depend on its position on the cord. Over 600 examples of quipu have been discovered already.Monty Python has one of the most requested songs for funerals in England.‘Always look on the bright side of life’ is a common favorite during funeral services. This song was originally from the comedy classic Life of Brian.The state of Virginia may contain hidden treasure.The Beale CIphers are a set of coded texts that are said to reveal the location of hidden treasure. Research believes that this is worth over $43 million in gold, silver, and jewels. Only one of three texts have been encoded so far.Fake ambulances are hired in Russia by the wealthy.They use this as a taxi for a faster and more convenient way of getting to their destinations. These vehicles can be hired for approximately $200 an hour.Most businesses do not see the practicality of having diaper tables.However, they quickly change their minds after being given the idea that women would have to change their baby’s diapers on a bathroom floor. Who knows how much bacteria are on those floors!The world’s most successful pirate was a woman.She was a 19th-century Chinese pirate known as Ching Shih. She was the widow of Cheng I and easily succeeded her husband’s crew of over 1,800 ships and 80,000 men.The KKK was taken down with help from Superman.A 16 episode series titled’ The Adventures of Superman’ was aired on the radio during the 1940s. This series incorporated the findings that activist Stetson Kennedy had been able to get while undercover in the KKK.The Baseball Hall of Fame had a secret inductee.In 1988, a surreptitious addition to the Baseball Hall of Fame was made without anyone knowing. A bar owner visiting the hall slipped a photo of his father in a baseball cap into one of the glass cases. This photo remained in the hall for over 6 years before being discovered.Milk wagons are the reason why we have roadway lines.These lines were devised by a man who saw dots of milk spilling out from a moving milk wagon. These lines are considered to be the most important traffic safety device.The most successful predator is a wild dog.According to research, canines have an 85% success rate when hunting. This is higher than that of a lion or cheetah. A lion only has a 17-19% success rate.A man was once saved by a sea lion.During a suicide attempt, a man by the name of Kevin Hines survived jumping off the Golden Gate bridge. However, during his jump, he had broken his back thus causing him to drown. A nearby sea lion witnessed this and swam beneath the man to keep him afloat until coast guards arrived.Saliva can be used to monitor alcohol intake.It can also detect how often you smoke or use drugs. Some research also uses it to diagnose diseases.The world’s largest pyramid cannot be found in Egypt.The Great Pyramid of Cholula is found in Cholula, Puebla, Mexico and holds the record for the largest pyramid in the world. This structure is four times as big as the Great Pyramid of Giza.Some pandas fake a pregnancy to get better healthcare.An example would be a Chinese panda named Ai Hin who was believed to show signs of pregnancy. Zookeepers ensured that she was given better care for the upcoming baby that never arrived.Cacti come in many different colors other than green.Some species of cacti are naturally brown or brown-green in color. Many will have a waxy substance on the surface which prevents water loss from transpiration.The inventor of the frisbee became a frisbee himself.During the 1950s, Steady Ed invented the frisbee, and later on the sport of disc golf in the 70s. He dedicated his life to frisbees that it was stated in his final testimonials that he wished to have his ashes turned into a frisbee itself. This was so that he would be able to play with his son even when he wasn’t around.Dolphins have names.Research has found that dolphins use their unique vocal whistles to identify and differentiate one another. When a specific call was played back to the dolphins, they would respond differently each time.One species of ants can only be found in Manhattan, New York.Biologists discovered a new ant species between 63rd and 76th street in Broadway. This ant species was found to have a higher concentration of carbon in their bodies which was linked to a high corn-syrup diet.Around 30,000 rubber ducks were lost at sea in 1992.These ducks we included in a shipment from Hong Kong to the U.S. One of the crates that were filled with rubber ducks was lost in the Pacific Ocean. To this day, rubber ducks continue to pop up on the shores of Australia to Alaska.Charles Darwin’s pet turtle outlived him.The turtle named Harriet lived 124 years after Darwin’s death. It was 176 years old by the time it passed away.Losing weight alters brain activity.Some records show that when women lose weight, their memory improves. Research has also linked obesity to poor memory, most especially those with pear-shaped body types.The folds in a chef’s hat represents the number of ways you can cook an egg.The toque is also known to determine the position of the chef in the kitchen and how experienced they are. How’s that for a hidden talent?Cactus spines can be used to make hooks.It can also be used to make needles and combs. Its fruit can also be used for food.Depending on how they descend, waterfalls have different classifications.This can be divided into 10 main categories. The most common one is the plunge and multi-step.Neil Armstrong never said ‘That's one small step for man’.The astronaut corrected that it was ‘that’s one step for a man, one giant leap for mankind’. No astronaut has ever uttered ‘Houston, we have a problem’ in real life as well.The odds of getting a royal flush is 1 in 649,740.A straight flush is more likely in this case. Out of all the possible combinations, the chances of getting a single pair is 42%.Driving south from Detroit will lead to Canada.Specifically, the directions are to head north from Windsor, Ontario, and crossing the Detroit River. Eventually, you would have already crossed the borders of the U.S.More people speak English as their second language than those who use it as their mother tongue.English has a total of nearly 2 billion fluent speakers and it is also the most widely spoken language in the world. However, only 350 million people speak this language natively.Sleep deprivation makes it harder to lose weight.Lack of sleep can interfere with one’s hormone balance and decreases leptin. It also increases ghrelin which is the hormone that triggers hunger.The world’s largest single drop waterfall is the Kaieteur Falls.This is located on the Potaro River in the center of Guyana’s rainforest. The average flow rate of the waterfall is 663 cubic meters per second.Your teeth are unique.No two teeth from different people will ever be alike. They are similar to fingerprints.The most popular state bird is the Northern cardinal.Out of the 50 states in the U.S, seven voted for this species as their favorite bird. Perhaps this may be due to the Angry Birds trend from a few years back?Triskaidekaphobia is the fear of the number 13.This is mainly connected to the belief that the number 13 is unlucky and can bring upon misfortune. This is why you won’t see the number 13 on most building elevators.A single dollar bill costs 5 cents to make.The current U.S circulation is approximately worth $1.79 trillion. That’s a lot of dollars.Baby sea otters are unable to swim.Their mothers carry them wrapped around a piece of kelp while they hunt to keep them from drowning. This is only done until the pup learns how to float on his own eventually.Snakes can predict earthquakes.Studies have found that most species of snakes can detect earthquakes before it occurs. They are also able to sense quakes that occur as far as 75 miles away and up to five days away. I guess you could say, they’re just that down to earth.The King of Hearts is the only King without a mustache.The king of hearts is also known as the ‘Suicide king’ because of the sword he inserts into his head. It sounds like he was going through a rough breakup.Only two diseases have been completely eradicated.These are smallpox and rinderpest. The last naturally occurring outbreak of smallpox was recorded in 1977.The only English word that ends with ‘mt’ is Dreamt.This is yet another example of idiosyncrasies in the English language.May 29th is Put a Pillow on Your Fridge Day.This odd holiday dates back to the early 1900s where families would place a piece of cloth on top of their larders. This is regularly celebrated in Europe and the U.S. to bring luck and wealth.The opposite sides of dice will always equal 7.The side of 1 and 6, 2 and 5, and 3 and 4 all equal 7. Go on, try it for yourself.The metal studs found on denim jeans serve a particular purpose.These studs are placed on particular areas where the cloth is most likely to wear out faster. They act as a support for the cloth and make the jeans more durable. These studs are also known as rivets.The average adult spends more time on the toilet than exercising.On average, an adult will spend over 3 hours on the toilet per week but only one and a half hours exercising. Maybe it’s time we start working out in the bathroom?About 7% of American adults believe chocolate milk comes from brown cows.While this may not seem like a lot, this totals to around 16.4 million Americans. Imagine how’d they feel when you tell them buttermilk doesn’t have any butter in it.Cats can't taste sweet flavors.This is mainly because they do not possess the base pair of genes that detect sweet flavors. As a result, sugar does not code on their tongues as proper proteins.Bananas get their curved shape by growing towards the sun.All bananas go through a process known as negative geotropism which indicates that they will grow towards the source of sunlight. This is also why it is rare to see a straight banana.Your fingernails on your dominant hand grow faster.It also takes around half a year for a fingernail to grow from its base to the tip. These nails also grow faster on the bigger fingers rather than the smaller ones.Apple seeds contain cyanide.If you chew or digest them, these seeds turn into hydrogen cyanide which is poisonous to humans. The same goes with apricot, cherry, and peach seeds.Frigate birds can sleep while flying.This is possible because they can keep only half of their brain’s hemispheres awake. Theoretically, they could fly forever if they didn’t need food or water.Only one capital in the U.S has no McDonald’s.This capital is known as Montpelier, Vermont and it is also the smallest capital in America. Most residents have to drive to the next town over just to get a taste of the world-famous fries.People used to answer the phone with “ahoy”.Back during the 1800s phone greetings were inspired by the Simpsons when Mr. Burns would pick up the phone with “Ahoy-hoy”. Thomas Eddison, however, wanted users to use ‘Hello’ instead. We know who won that argument.Playing dance music helps ward off mosquitoes.According to a study in 2019, the song ‘Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites’ contains both low and high frequencies that yellow fever mosquitoes dislike. Just dance the mosquitoes away.Billy goats urinate on their heads to become more attractive.This is one of the many strange mating rituals that occur on the animal planet. Generally, they do this during the summer through fall.Movie trailers were originally shown after the movie.Trailers were first introduced during the 1910s, hence the name. But now modern marketing finds that it is more efficient for trailers to play before a film rather than after.Among all the Disney princesses, Mulan has the highest kill count.Throughout the film, Mulan had killed almost 2,000 people in an avalanche. This includes the hun leader, Shan-Yu.Pinocchio cannot say ‘my nose will grow now’.If he was to speak this sentence, it would create a paradox. For his nose to grow, he would have to lie, however, it cannot grow otherwise the statement would be true.You are 13.8% more likely to die on your date of birth.This comes from the Swiss Mortality statistics based on deaths from 1969 to 2008.Alaska is the only state whose name is on a single row on the keyboard.A and S are right next to each other, and so are L and K. Alaska is also one of the few words you can type on the second line of the QWERTY keyboard.Many oranges are green.Often when ripe, oranges are in its natural green. In some locations in the world such as South America and tropical islands, oranges are green all year round.Vantablack has a trademark.Anish Kapoor had won the executive rights to the world’s darkest shade of black and stated that only they could use it. Outraged, the creator of the pinkest pink made the color available for everyone but Kapoor.Now that’s a colorful war.A man once set a record by putting on over 260 t-shirts.After the 20th shirt, Ted Hastings required assistance until the 260th shirt. Around 150 shirts in, his team was concerned about his ability to breathe due to the amount of fabric hugging him. In the end, he was able to beat the previous record of 257 shirts.Queen Elizabeth is a trained mechanic.During her time as a princess, she was a member of the Women’s Auxiliary Territorial Service during WWII. This also makes her the only member of the Royal family to have served in the military.Optical illusions can be found at the bottom of the sea.While exploring an underwater volcano, explorers came across a small lake-like pool that was upside down. On video, it looks almost too unreal. Further research stated that this lake is what keeps deep-sea creatures alive.123456 is the most common password.Following this are several variations of this sequence such as 123456789, 012345, etc. Other passwords include ‘iloveyou’, ‘sunshine’, and ‘password’.The average American spends 2.5 days annually looking for lost items.This statistic comes from one of the nation’s largest independent lost-and-found surveys. The most commonly misplaced items are phones, keys, wallet, purse, and remotes.Technicolored squirrels roam the lands of Southern India.They weigh around 4 pounds and measure up to 3 feet from tip to tail. The Malabar giant squirrel also blends better in the forest due to its multi-colored fur.Basenji dogs can't bark.However, this does not mean that they are silent. The sound that they release is more of a warbling yodel. This specific breed of dog is the only dog that cannot bark.Dragonflies can’t walk.Even though they have six legs, they are unable to walk with them. Their legs are too weak for them to walk for long periods.Space travel makes mice run in circles.NASA once sent 20 rodents to the International Space Station to see how the effects of space affected mice. Not long after they got there, the mice all started running in loops inside their cages. No one is exactly sure why this occurred, but researchers stated that the critters might’ve just been enjoying their time in space.The chicken is the closest relative to the T-Rex.Recent studies have now accepted that prehistoric dinosaurs have more in common with present-day birds than they do with reptiles. Research has found that their genetic makeup is shared more with chickens and ostriches rather than lizards.Sloths hold their breaths longer than dolphins.On the rare occasions that sloths leave their trees to go for a swim, they hold their breath underwater for up to 40 minutes long. This is 30 minutes longer than the average dolphin’s record.More monopoly money is printed annually rather than actual currency.The U.S government prints around $974 million annually to replace old money. However, the company behind the beloved board game prints over $30 billion worth in fake money annually.‘Schoolmaster’ is an anagram of ‘the classroom’.Schoolmaster is an old term used to refer to a male teacher. This does not mean that they are the actual master of the school.Ravens are always aware when someone is watching them.These birds are known for being notoriously clever creatures and they display what is called the ‘theory of mind’. This is also known as the ability to attribute mental states to others.An eagle is capable of killing a young deer and flying away with it.Bald eagles especially are one of the strongest and most aggressive species of eagles. These birds are capable of swooping in and carrying away your baby.Baby spiders are called spiderlings. (Guys, do you remember Tony Stark)This is the official name for spiders that have yet to reach maturity. They are also born in groups of thousands. Maybe this name will make spiders seem cuter now.A palindrome is a sentence that is the same when read backward and forwards.A few examples include ‘Do geese see God’ and ‘racecar’. This is also noted to be one of the hardest sentences to construct using the English language. Can you come up with your own?The roar of a lion can be heard up to 5 miles away.Its roar is about 114 decibels. This is roughly 25 times louder than a gas-powered lawnmower.The average male will become bored after 26 minutes of shopping.However, a study found that most women will not get bored until two hours later. Maybe next time you should just leave your boyfriend or husband at home.The U.S. Navy uses Xbox controllers for their periscopes.Instead of using a control stick, the Navy opted for this controller so that the learning time could be reduced. This was also the least complicated way of controlling the periscopes.There is a species of spider dubbed the ‘hobo spider’.These spiders are not deadly. However, most bites from these critters come from when they are accidentally crushed or squeezed by a person.Baby octopuses are the size of a flea.An octopus will lay tens and thousands of eggs. However, not all of these eggs survive. Some are eaten by predators and some do not live long enough to reach adulthood. Baby octopuses are also called larvae.The premiere of the TV reality show ‘16 and pregnant’ helped lower the rate of teen pregnancy.Statistics show that the rate dropped by 5.7% within the 18 months that the show was airing. I guess kids do copy everything they see on TV.Up to 20% of power outages in the U.S are due to squirrels.Squirrels tend to chew on the wires that run along the neighborhood. Luckily, these problems are easy to fix.95% of people text things that they would never say in person.However, what’s more, interesting is what people are willing to say rather. People are more willing to be revealed over the phone rather than in person because of the psychological thrill it entails.The Mayo Clinic made glow in the dark cats while trying to find a cure for AIDS.This was mainly due to the specific protein in their bodies that was fluorescent green. They also used this protein to discover if their tests worked out or not. Glowing was a sign that the tests were successful.The Antarctic glaciers are made up of 3% penguin urine.Due to the extreme temperatures in this region of the world, the urine cannot evaporate. Hence how they freeze and mold with the glaciers around them.Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter are banned in China.Anyone caught using these platforms while inside the country can and will be arrested. Over 8,000 other domains are also blocked within the country. This rule is also implemented for visiting foreigners.Honeybees can recognize human faces.Bees see in a compilation of over 5000 individual images. They combine all of these images to recognize their surroundings.The happiest prisoner on death row had an IQ of 46.Joe Arridy was sent to the gas chamber and entered with a smile on his face. It was then later discovered that he was innocent all along. What a twist.Violin bows are made from horsehair.A single violin bow uses around 160-180 strands of hair. They are all then attached next to each other to form a ribbon. Thick and kinked hairs are removed so that the bow remains smooth and straight.IKEA is an acronym.It stands for Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd. This is also the name of the company’s owner.Stephen Hawking held a reception for time travelers in 2009.However, he did not publish news of this until after the event so that only real-time travelers were able to know about it. No one attended the event.A Norwegian Island made dying illegal.It is illegal to die in Svalbard because they are unable to safely bury the deceased due to the permafrost ground. When people on this island are about to die, they are brought to mainland Norway to pass away there.People who post their fitness routine on social media are more likely to have psychological problems.A study finds that this may lead an individual to addiction for attention and esteem. More often, people who share all of their physical activities online have a goal to boast about their activities.Dr Pepper does not have a period.This is mainly due to the font of the logo that would make it look like ‘Di: Pepper’. Many were confused by this, hence the change.There is an underwater version of rugby.Yes, it is also called underwater rugby. Two teams of 6 compete in a regulation pool while freediving.You can burn calories just by standing.The average 150-pound person can burn 114 calories an hour just by standing still. Did this motivate you a little?Mice typically only live for 6 months in the wild.This is mainly due to the number of predators that eat them. However, if they are kept as pets, their life span increases significantly by two years.The backward punctuation mark is used to identify sarcasm.It can also be used to signify irony. Or does it⸮If a body is too obese, it can cause complications when being cremated.A crematorium in Cincinnati was once set on fire during the cremation process of a 500-pound body. The body caused the fire to enlarge and spread to nearby containers which eventually set the entire place ablaze.Flossing your teeth improves memory.Here’s one useful random fact for you: Research suggests that if you keep your gums healthy and avoid gum disease, it will lead to the prevention of stiff blood vessels. Preventing stiff blood vessels also prevent memory problems.A common souvenir people bring from the U.S are red solo cups.For many, this is considered a novelty as many party scenes in movies use these cups. It is also one of the most iconic cups in modern cinematics.St. Lucia is the only country that is named after a woman.The French named this country after Saint Lucy of Syracuse. Lucy was a Christian martyr who had died during the time of the Diocletianic Persecution.Ben & Jerry’s made a graveyard for their former flavors.These flavors all consist of discontinued ice cream flavors. Each flavor has its photo and as well as its life span. Each one even has its epitaph for people to remember it by.Pluto was one temporarily closer to the sun than Neptune.NASA recorded this instance during the years between 1979 to 1999. However, this was not the only time in history for a phenomenon like this to occur.About $3.70 is given to an American child per tooth they lose.That’s triple the amount that the tooth fairy is said to give you. Maybe kids should take this opportunity to invest in being a dentist?There is a scientific term for brain freezes.The term is called sphenopalatine ganglion neuralgia. No wonder people stick with brain freeze.Only one letter in the English alphabet cannot be found on the periodic table.Can you guess which? The letter J is the only letter in the English alphabet that isn’t used for any of the elements in the periodic table.The calling shotgun for the front passenger seat comes from a messenger.The original term is the shotgun messenger and it was a term used to call the person who sat next to the driver. These messengers would act as guards and use a shotgun to prevent criminals from getting too close. Due to Hollywood’s influence, this term eventually made its way into our society.A single strand of spaghetti is individually referred to as spaghetto.Spaghetti is a plural word in Italian. Most pasta fans are surprised when they find out about it, were you one of them?Pointing your car keys to your head helps you find your car faster.This is because your head works like a radio transmitter. This then increases the rage of the car remote’s signal, thus allowing your car to respond faster.The fat Buddha statue and in pictures is not Buddha himself.It was stated that the real buddha is nowhere near that fat. The real one was incredibly skinny because of self-deprivation.A jockey from 1923 managed to finish a race after dying.During the middle of a race, the jockey suffered from a heart attack. However, his horse was able to finish the race on its own and won. This event in history is the first and only time it has ever occurred since.The largest prime number has 17,425,170 digits.This new prime number is 2 multiplied by itself 57,885,161 and then subtracting 1. This number can also be read as 257,885,161-1.The largest grand piano in the world was built by a teenager.The piano is over 18 feet long and has 85 keys. This is 3 keys short of the standard 88. This grand piano can be found in New Zealand.A Polish doctor once faked an outbreak to keep the Nazi’s away.Eugene Lazowski announced that there was a typhus outbreak that ended up saving over 8,000 people during the second world war. At the time, this was considered to be a smart move because Lazowski decided to tug on the German’s phobias about hygiene.The 1996 film called Scream increased the usage of caller IDs in the U.S.The movie featured a serial killer who would anonymously call and murder his victims. After the film started showing in cinemas, the number of caller ID users tripled instantly in the U.S.The spiked dog collars are meant to protect their necks from attacks.This iconic accessory was invented by the Ancient Greeks to protect their dogs against wolves when attacked. The spikes would prevent predators from instantly causing heavy damage to their dog’s necks.Jack Daniels died from a toe injury.The founder of the famous whiskey injured his toe after kicking a safe. This then later led to an infection until he eventually died of blood poisoning.The boss in Metal Gear Solid 3 takes a week to beat.The player can either defeat them by not playing for one week or simply by changing the date on the console. Battle the boss as you would normally until it is almost beaten after that quit the game and change the date one or two weeks later.The correct English translation for Jesus is Joshua.You are only able to get Jesus if you originally translate it from Hebrew to Greek, then Latin, then English. Jesus in Hebrew is Yeshua, which explains why google translate leads you to Joshua.The first service animals were established in Germany.Service animals were more commonly used by the time of the first world war. However, references in history suggests that the use of service animals has been practiced since the mid-16th century.The planet was named Pluto thanks to an 11-year-old girl.She named the planet after the Roman God of the underworld because the planet was found to be frozen and lonely. Previously to this, the planet was referred to as planet X. This little girl lived till the age of 90 and died in April 2009.Around 50% of the mined gold on Earth comes from one source.This gold all once came from a single plateau located in South Africa. This plateau is known as the Witwatersrand.12 plants and 5 animals make up 75% of diets around the world.The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization states that this lowers major health risks. By concentrating our diets to this specific group, we become more resilient to diseases, pests, and climate change.Shakira was rejected from her elementary choir group.Her music teacher at the time stated that her vibrato was too strong and that she sounded like a goat. Little did she know that this student would grow up to become one of the most inspirational female pop singers of all time.Minnesota has the world’s quietest room.The noise in this room is measured in negative decibels. It is so quiet, that you are able to heart your own heartbeat and as well as the sound of your bones moving. People say that this room is so quiet that it can also drive you crazy within 45 minutes.The Japanese have its own word for book hoarders.‘Tsundoku’ is the Japanese word for people who love to buy books but never read them. More often, these books are just left piled up inside their homes and never used.Every decade, brain fibers lose 10% of their strength.At times of acute stress, they shrink even more than the average amount. This decline continues between the age of 20 to 80.The happiest countries in the world have the highest antidepressant consumers.These countries are ranked per capita. But at least now we know the medication really does work.The official language of Ireland is not the most spoken in the country.Instead, its inhabitants are more comfortable speaking in Polish rather than Irish. English is also more dominant since the beginning of the 19th century.Sourtoe cocktails are served in Yukon.The drink has been served since the 1970s and contains a shot of whiskey and a human toe floating inside the glass. All toes that are served with the drink have been mummified beforehand.The release of Pokemon GO increased game-related accidents by 26.5%.During the first 5 months of its release, damages over $25.5 million had occurred. 2 deaths were also reported to have taken place while the individuals were playing Pokemon GO.Mexican prisons do not punish you for non-violent attempts to escape.This is because it is part of human nature to want freedom, and therefore is not seen as a crime. However, factors such as property damage and violence will cause prison guards to practice the necessary punishments.A BBC radio announcer once stated that they did not have any news.This occurred on April 18, 1930, where no major events took place that day. The announcer blatantly said that there was no news.Starfishes do not have blood.If you were to cut one of its legs, blood will not spill out. Instead, they simply regrow their lost limbs as if nothing happened. Starfishes get their nutrients by using the seawater found in their vascular systems.The most mathematical flag in the world belongs to Nepal.In its constitution, there is a detailed step-by-step guide on how to draw the flag to its exact measurements. Nepal is also one of the few countries that have a triangular flag.It did not take more than $1M to build Mt. Rushmore.The construction of this famous monument, Mount Rushmore, took over 14 years to complete. Over 400 workers built this monument from the group-up from 1927 to 1941.Samsung translates to ‘three stars’ in Korean.This name was chosen by the founder mainly due to its symbolism. He wanted the phone company to be powerful and everlasting as the stars.Geckos eat the skin they shed.This is to prevent predators from finding and eating them. A small price to pay for survival.The U.S. government issued Santa Claus a pilot’s license.They also gave the jolly fat man a copy of airway maps in 1927 and had promised to keep the runway lights on. Many believe that this airway route is what he mainly uses to deliver his presents so quickly.Polar bears charge at a group of walruses while hunting.They attack those that are crushed or left behind during the mass panic. Seeing a polar bear directly attack its prey is considered rare according to observations and studies.You are able to become less depressed if you stay up.Research has found that there is a correlation between those who pull all-nighters and hazing out of your depression. This is because the longer you go without sleep, the more active your brain becomes. However, it is not recommended to go without sleep as it is a necessary need for humans to be able to function normally.Adult cats will only meow at humans.Kittens will meow to its mother, but more frequently to humans as it matures. Kittens only meow at other cats to indicate hunger or the need for warmth.There are more possible arrangements in shuffling a deck of cards than there are stars in the sky.Shuffling a deck of cards has 8×10^67 of approximate arrangements possible. It is highly unlikely to end up with the same sequence of cards per shuffle of the deck.Therapy has been found to be least effective at battling depression compared to playing video games.While addiction to video games may contribute to depression, research has found that it is not so when done in moderation. Some video games help with rage and emotional control which promotes positive results.Bi-weekly has two connotations.It can either be every two weeks or twice a week. The prefix bi- may be used to imply both or either meanings depending on context.In 1911, the Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre.Ironically, people were more excited to see its exhibit empty rather than to see the painting itself. The number of visitors also increased during this incident.Connecticut accidentally issued an Emergency Evacuation Alert in 2005.This alert notified all residents that they needed to evacuate the state immediately. However, only 1% of its population tried to evacuate.Russians believe that eating ice cream will keep you warm.This is a method used to trick your body into thinking that its body temperature is crashing. This will then automatically force your body heat to readjust to survive.Lemurs were one the size of gorillas.They were a common sight before in Madagascar and used that land as its stomping grounds. This species of giant lemurs are now sadly extinct.Adding all the numbers on a roulette wheel will equivalent to 666.Hence the 666 strategy. Other people believe that this is proof that gambling is inherently evil.The day after Thanksgiving is the busiest day for American plumbers.This day is also known by many plumbers as “Brown Friday”. Many other drain companies also prepare ahead for this day to avoid major problems in their pipe systems.Mount Everest is not the tallest mountain in our solar system.This title goes to Olympic Mons, which is said to be three times as big as Everest. This mountain can be found on the planet Mars.Russell Horning is famous on the internet as the Backpack Kid.Russel was born and raised in Georgia. He gained popularity after Rihanna gave him a shoutout on Instagram in 2016. He is also known for creating the floss dance.The oldest currency in the world is the British pound.It dates over 1,200 years old in usage. The British pound is also seen as the identity of British Sovereignty.The Great Pyramid of Giza has more than four sides.This pyramid has a total of 8 sides which is double the normal amount for most pyramids. This includes the sides of its base.The only innate fear we have at birth is the fear of falling and loud noises.All other fears we learn after birth is learned. These fears are more often learned through traumatic experiences and by social means.The average horse is capable of 746 watts of power.This is approximately 15 horsepower. This term was developed during the 18th century when the steam engine was being marketed.The Leaning Tower of Pisa is tilted due to the soil at its base.The soft soil it is built on is also the reason why it was able to survive 4 major earthquakes. This tower took over 344 years to build and was completed in 1178.Slavery was once legal in Mauritania.This was legal until 2007. However, 1-4% of the population still continues to live as slaves within its borders.England and Portugal still maintain their alliance until today.This is also known as the longest unbroken alliance in world history. This treaty began in 1386 between the two countries and they still remain strong allies until today.Garlic is known to attract leeches.Leeches take around 15 seconds to attach themselves to a hand covered in garlic. However, it takes them over 40 seconds to suck the blood dry from its victim.Uranus takes 84 years to orbit the sun.This is longer than any of the other planet’s orbits in our solar system. One rotation on Uranus is around 17 hours long. It is also the coldest planet in our solar system.A shape with 26 sides is known as a rhombicuboctahedron.Playing dice are the only common objects that have this shape. These dice are also ideal for labeling with the English alphabet.Applying equal pressure on an egg will prevent it from breaking.It is nearly impossible to break eggs this way because its sides are the strongest part of the egg’s shell. The curved form of the egg helps it distribute pressure evenly which makes the take difficult to accomplish.There are over 6,000 species of grass.The most common examples are rice, wheat, oats, and sugarcanes. Some of these species have been on our planet for more than 1,000 years already.The Earth holds about 11 quintillion pounds of air.The force that gravity holds it in place is equivalent to a pressure of 15 psi. There are a total of 5 regions in our atmosphere.There is a term for a person that is perpetually afraid of being late.Time anxiety is the fear of running out of time. People who suffer from this have an obsession with spending their time in the most meaningful way possible. Commonly, people who suffer this are also in a constant rush which makes those around them feel uncomfortable.The queens in ant colonies live for around 30 years.This was observed by keeping queen ants in captivity. On average they lived for almost 29 years. However, it is estimated that they are able to live much longer in the wild with a full colony.The map size in GTA V is twice the actual size of Manhattan.This totals to around 28 square miles long. Compared to the previous games, this map is much larger than most of the games combined.The paint on the Eiffel tower is equivalent to ten elephants.The tower is re-painted every 7 years. There are also over 30 replicas of this tower all around the world.The largest living thing on Earth is a tree.This Giant Sequoia is named General Sherman and can be found protected at California’s Sequoia National Park. The tree is recorded to be 52,500 cubic feet in volume.You can fit about 400 grapevines in one acre of land.This is equivalent to almost 5 tons of grapes in total. That’s a lot of wine.Multiplying 1089 by 9 will give you the same numbers in reverse.You just grabbed your calculator for this one, didn’t you?August 17th celebrates Black Cat Appreciation Day.This was declared by Wayne Morris as a way to remember his sister and her black cat. This day is meant to symbolize the bond between black cats and their owners.Eminem’s ‘Rap God’ holds the world record for the most words in a hit single.The 6-minute song has 1,560 words in total and are all delivered clearly by the artist. That’s a little over 4 words per second.A British scientist studying chocolate has her taste buds insured.Her taste buds are insured for one million British Pounds. This entails that she would need to avoid very hot foods in order to keep her taste buds from damage.The Titanic included dogs as their passengers.When the ship sank in 1912, 3 dogs were able to survive. Prior to the ship sinking, they had all been traveling with their owners in the first-class cabins.China has a series of underground tunnels.These tunnels are over 3000 miles long. Its main purpose is to store and transport mobile intercontinental ballistic missiles from one destination to the other.Pitbulls are ranked as the most affectionate breed of dogs.They are also ranked the least aggressive despite their appearances. These dogs usually become aggressive if they are forcibly trained.Tanning beds increase your risk of developing melanoma.If you were to use one of these machines before the age of 30, your chances increase by 75%. Tanning beds and lamps have been proven to be the highest cancer risk according to research.One of the cleanest dog breeds in the world are poodles.This dog breed does not excessively molt and rarely smell. Often people who have pet allergies adopt poodles because of their grooming routine.Owls have specialized feathers.These feathers have the edges protrude out to dissipate the airflow when it flies. Because of this, their flights are silent which makes them deadly hunters at night.The human brain uses 20% of the oxygen in your body.This is continuous and it does not rest even when we sleep. This is why when people yawn it is believed to be the brain’s way of cooling down.Staying in a negative relationship can lower your immune system.Studies indicate that negative emotions lead to lowered immune responses against diseases. Other studies support this by stating that stress and emotions can adversely affect the immune system.The insect population of the world is 1 billion times more than the world population.The world has 7 billion people living today. If you take that and multiply it to a billion, that’s a scary thought.People once believed that chewing on tree bark will keep your gums healthy.It was also used as a method of pain relief. The bark of a willow tree contains high traces of salicylic acid which is an active ingredient in aspirin today.Kangaroos never stop growing.From birth, they will continue to grow until they pass away. They are also the largest marsupials on the planet.Red blood cells circulate your body at an amazing speed.Within 20 seconds, one RBC would have already completed one lap around your circulatory system. These blood cells help deliver oxygen to all the organs and cells in the body.The flashes of light when you rub your eyes are called phosphenes.This phenomenon allows you to see light without any actual light source present. This occurs due to many possible sources like magnetic stimulation, or random firing of cells in the visual system.That’s it for now. I will add more if the answer crosses 100 upvotes.Thanks!

Although paradise started out as a garden the size of a national forest reserve it will one day in the near future cover the entire earth. Paradise will most definitely be restored.PARADISE BEGAN IN THE MIDDLE EASTGe 1:24, 25Ge 1:26, 27aGe 2:5–16Ge 13:10aGe 2:19Ge 2:21, 22Ge 1:27b, 28Ge 1:29, 30Ge 9:1, 2Ps 8:4–8Eze 28:12–15aEze 34:25–27aPARADISE LOSTEze 28:15bGe 2:17; 3:6Ge 3:14–24Ge 6:5, 13, 17Ge 7:12Ge 1:72Ti 3:1–5, 13PARADISE RESTORED WORLDWIDE—————————Governmental and Civil Peace in Paradise———------In paradise there will be superior government and submissive, willingly supportive citizens. Jesus will be the Messianic king and he will also be the Prince of Peace under God. Paradise will never end.“a son (Jesus) given to us…called Wonderful Counselor (as the wisdom of God counseling in the will of God in paradise), Mighty God (appointed by God as a mighty mighty one over paradise), Eternal Father (of all those who will inherit paradise and their descendants throughout eternity), Prince of Peace (:Lord to usher in and establish the peace of paradise). To the abundance of his princely (:governmental) rule (:rulership) and to peace there will be no end (peace forever in paradise)…by means of justice (fairness, impartiality and equality) and by means of righteousness (:what is just, right and upright), from now on to time indefinite.” Is 9:6, 7; Ps 45:16, 17; Is 32:1, 2; Is 60:17“For here I am creating new heavens (:elevated government over earthling mankind) and a new earth (:world of mankind under new heavenly rulership); and the former things (corrupt politics, injustice and war also violence, unrighteousness and the profane) will not be called to mind (:imagination, thoughts and memories), neither will they come up into the heart (:desires, motives and emotions).” Is 65:17; Da 4:26“For just as the new heavens (:renewed rulership) and the new earth (:renewed subjects; renewed citizens) that I am making are standing before me,” is the utterance of Jehovah“…will keep standing” Is 66:22“But there are new heavens (:elevated or spiritual government) and a new earth (:subjected earthly society of people) that we are awaiting according to his (:God’s) promise, and in these righteousness is to dwell.” 2Pe 3:13"I will conclude with them a covenant of peace; an indefinitely lasting covenant is what there will come to be with them" Eze 37:26-------------------------Paradise will be forever and completely peaceful---------------------------"until upon us the spirit is poured out from on high...the work of the true righteousness must become peace; and the service of the true righteousness, quietness and security to time indefinite. And people must dwell in a peaceful abiding place and in undisturbed resting places." Is 33:15, 17, 18"the meek ones themselves will possess the earth, and they will indeed find their exquisite delight in the abundance of peace." Ps 37:11; 72:7; Is 29:19"I will conclude with them (:Israelites; and subsequently, nations blessing themselves through Abraham’s seed) a covenant of peace...with no one to make them tremble.” Eze 34:25, 28; Ge 2:19—————————————Mankind Will Be Blessed----------------------Ge 1:28–30Ge 9:1, 2Ge 12:1–3Ge 13:14–16Ge 17:5–8“I shall bless you (:Abraham) and I shall surely multiply your seed (:offspring, ultimately Jesus by faith the Israelites) like the stars of the heavens and like the grains of sand that are on the seashore; and your seed will take possession of (:gain control over) the gate (:entrance) of (or into) his enemies (:sin, wickedness and death, to name a few).” Ge 22:17In order to make it to paradise or to be able or qualify to live in paradise a person has to do what Abraham did, listen to God!“by means of your :Abraham's seed all the nations of the earth will certainly bless themselves [Due To The Fact That You Have Listened To My (:God’s) Voice].” Ge 22:18“anyone blessing himself (:by his or her own motives and efforts) in the earth (as paradise) will bless himself by the God of faith…because the former distresses (of an ungodly world) will actually be forgotten (not thought about nor entertained, not recalled) and because they will actually be concealed (:removed or withdrawn) from my eyes.” Is 65:16“all these blessings must come upon you (from above) and overtake (:overwhelm) you, [Because You Keep Listening To The Voice Of Jehovah Your God]: Blessed will you be in the city (:inside your area of residence where you socialize, share and encourage), and blessed you will be in the field (:outside area where you work, play, entertain and recreate).” De 28:2, 3; Ps 127:1In paradise childbirth will be blessed. Every birth will be successful. No miscarriages will ever happen, no stillbirths nor premature births. Every birth will turn out perfect. The same is the case for the food that everyone personally grows in paradise. Imagine, perfect and bountiful vegetables, fruits, nuts and grains every time and all the time! Plants will always produce perfectly and profusely. There will be no poisonous herbicides on earth. All food will be 100% organic. Paradise will have food with nutrition and favor that the world had never experienced before since the garden of Eden. Even domestic animals will always turn out perfect with no birth complications. No human nor animal will ever suffer harm again!“Blessed will be the fruit of your belly (:conception to birth of your offspring) and the fruit of your ground (:land of which you own and on which you live) and the fruit (:offspring) of your domestic (:tame, home kept, one's own) beast, the young of your cattle (:bovine, horses and other groups of powerful animals) and the progeny (:descendants) of your flock (:sheep, goats and other groups of small animals).” De 28:4, 8, 11; Ps 127:3, 5; 128:1–4In paradise all produce will be of a perfect harvest. No animals, insects and otherwise, will ruin a harvest. In addition to God's blessing people may also employ their knowledge of how to prevent animals from human grown produce. There will be no pesticides on earth. Besides this, preparing food that is both nutritional and, Oh so!, tasty will be an everyday occurrence. All food will be good to eat, and without synthetic chemicals and additives.“Blessed will be your basket (:harvest, collection of produce) and your kneading trough (food preparation).” De 28:5, 8, 11In paradise earth everyone will have peace of mind whether coming home or leaving the home. No one will ever have to worry about what will happen to them or their loved ones whenever they part nor when they come back together. Everyone will always come home safe and sound to a safe and sound home. Burglary will not exist in paradise, neither will home invasions. Home will always be welcoming, especially by one's family. A lovely and loving home will always be where someone knows they will return.“Blessed you will be when you come in, and blessed you will be when you go out.” De 28:6Everyone in Paradise will have youthful health, vigor and be free of sicknesses, diseases, disabilities, disorders and injuries.“Then he favors him (or her)…found a ransom (sacrifice by means of Jesus). Let his (or her) flesh become fresher than in youth; let him return to the days of his youthful vigor.” Job 33:24, 25; Mt 20:28“your youth keeps renewing itself just like an eagle.” Ps 103:5In paradise no one will ever get sick. There will be no doctors, pharmacies, hospitals nor pharmacists. All will maintain perfect health with a perfect conscience. Guilty feelings will not exist there.“no resident will say: “I am sick.” The people that are dwelling in the land (in paradise) will be those pardoned (:completely acquitted, exonerated and forgiven through the ransom) for their error (:sinning, sins).” Is 33:24; De 7:15a“whom is healing all your maladies” Ps 103:3“Strengthen the weak hands, you people, and make the knees that are wobbling firm.” Is 35:3Just as God can heal a literal blow or stroke he will also heal mental strokes, strokes of the brain. Also, all mental ailments, disabilities and disorders“break down…heals…stroke” Is 30:26“Say to those who are anxious at heart (:fearful, timid or even emotionally distressed): “Be strong. Do not be afraid” Is 35:4“At that time the eyes of the blind (:visually impaired) ones will be opened, and the very ears of the deaf (:hearing impaired) ones will be unstopped.” Is 35:5; 29:18“At that time the lame (:physically disabled) one will climb up just as a stag does, and the tongue of the speechless (:verbally impaired) one will cry out in gladness.” Is 35:6a“No more will there come to be a suckling (:nursing child) a few days old from that place (paradise, and not continue to live), neither an old man that does not fulfill his days; for one will die (:gradually cease to live and function as an old man, or woman, but) as a mere boy (or girl, becoming youthful again), although a hundred years of age (still aged and aging, and in experience and wisdom)” Is 65:19; De 34:7; 2Kg 5:14Ps 8:4–8Ps 37:9–11, 18, 22a, 28a, 29–31, 37Ps 45:1, 2, 16, 17Ps 72:11 6–8, 15–19——————There Will Not Be Natural Disasters In Paradise and more land will be available---------“a new heaven (:renewed atmosphere or sky; a restoration of canopy and moisture with clean air and without cyclones and storms) and a new earth (renewed single land mass; a restoration of its crust and tectonic plates with clean soil and without earthquakes and other disasters); the former (polluted, storm prone) heaven (:sky) and the former (polluted and disaster prone) earth (:land) had passed away” Re 21:1; Ge 1:8, 10SkyGe 1:6–8Pr 8:28Job 36:27LandAll land in paradise will be productive. There will be no ground pollution anywhere! Nor will toxic chemicals be used on nor stored in the ground. Also there will never ever be earthquakes in paradise forever. The earth's crust and tectonic plates will be in perfect condition.“He has founded (crust of) the earth upon its established places (in its mantle long ago); it will not be made to (always) totter (:quake, have earthquakes) to time indefinite, or forever.” Ps 104:5Islands, including countries such as Greenland, Iceland and Australia will come back together as one with the other land masses to reform the single land mass, often called Pangaea that existed before the flood. Therefore there will be more land on which to live in paradise.“islands…regain power (:motion, movement)…approach…come up close together…islands…The very extremities (:ends) of the earth (:landmasses) began to tremble (:teeter, tremor). They drew near and kept coming…”Be strong”…strengthening the metalworker (:elements and minerals heated up and fusing, molded into the original condition), the one doing the smoothing out (the faults and fissures, perhaps with silt or silica) with the forge (:make and shape by heating) hammer (:beater, hitter by force of heavy metals) him that is hammering away at the anvil (:formation as it’s being beaten out)…the soldering (:joining) “It is good.” Finally one fastened it with nails (:pegs, spikes, fastenings) that it could not be made to totter (:quake or wobble).” Is 41:1, 5–7“The productive land (:the ground) also becomes firmly established so that it cannot be made to totter (:quake anymore).” Ps 93:1b; 96:10b“cry out joyfully in Jehovah!…He in whose hand are the innermost depths of the earth and to whom the mountain peaks belong…and whose own hands formed the dry land (:Pangaea; single land mass) itself.” Ps 95:1, 4, 5; Ge 1:9, 10aMountain peaks becoming lower and more table like, like mesas, will prevent snow caps from forming which will prevent avalanches from occurring. They will also be generally more easily scalable without the need of climbing equipment.Is 29:17Is 32:15, 16Is 35:1, 6b, 7Is 40:4Is 41:18-20Is 43:19 20Is 51:3Waters“cry shout joyfully to Jehovah…to whom the sea, which he himself made, belongs” Ps 95:5; Ge 1:10bSea basins will not be as deep since the proper amount of water will return to the atmosphere above. Humans may then be able to safely explore the bottom of the sea. Shallower seas and no earthquakes will prevent tsunamis.“and the (polluted, stormy and restless) sea (:waters) is no more.” Re 21:1; Ge 1:10bPr 30:4Is 41:18———————Animals Will Be Peaceful In Paradise------------It will be completely safe to live and sleep in the wilderness amongst the animals. Animals will cease to be injurious. Wild beasts will also probably avoid coming into human populations, at least in general. There will be no disease biting mosquitoes, or injuries from lions, bears, hippos, snakes, bugs or wolves, etc, etc. Wild animals will not injure, kill, nor eat anyone in paradise.“I shall certainly cause the injurious wild beast to cease out of the land, and they will actually dwell in the wilderness in security and sleep in the forests…the wild beast will not devour them, and they will actually dwell in security, with no one to make them tremble.” Eze 34:25, 28; Ge 2:19“there will certainly come to be a highway, and…No lion will prove to be there, and the rapacious sort of wild beasts will not come up on it. None will be found there; and the repurchased ones must walk there.” Is 35:9; 40:3The wild animals will no longer be predacious but will coexist peacefully with all other animals. They will be so docile that a child could lead them around and even play around their den. Could you imagine a little boy leading a full grown wolf, leopard or even a lion around! Even poisonous animals will not strike out, their venom is actually of natural enzymes that helps to break down their food for digestion. Also, all animals in paradise will be naturally well fed for there will be plenty of vegetation for all of them to eat to satisfaction.“the wolf will actually reside for a while with the male lamb, and with the kid the leopard itself will lie down, and the calf and the maned young lion and the well-fed animal all together, a mere little boy will be leader over them all.” ls 11:6; 65:25; Ge 1:28Animals will get along with one another and not be ferociously territorial. They will also feed together young and adults of different kinds without being aggressively protective of their young. Even carnivores of today will eat plants as food.“the cow and the bear themselves will feed; together their young ones will lie down. And even the lion will eat straw just like a bull.” Is 11:7; 65:25; Ge 1:30“the suckling (:breast-fed) child will certainly play upon the hole of the cobra; and upon the light aperture (:entrance) of a poisonous snake will a weaned (:no longer breast-fed) young child actually put his own hand.” Is 11:8All animals will be harmless all throughout paradise. They will not ruin food crops, property nor environments either. There will be no infestations. What will contribute to this, besides God's spirit and blessings, is that people in paradise will have the knowledge of where animals should live, what environments and conditions and what the amount of ample space or territory and resources animals will need throughout paradise. Animals will thus have these things in an abundance.“They will not do any harm or cause any ruin in all my holy mountain (:the earthly or physical realm of God's kingdom); because the earth will certainly be filled with the knowledge of Jehovah as the waters are covering the very sea.” Is 11:9; Is 65:25; Da 2:35Is 11:10–16Is 25:1–9Is 30:18–21, 23–26, 29Is 32:1–4Is 35:1–10, 15–18, 20Is 41:1–7, 15, 16, 18–20Is 42:4–7, 9–12, 18–21Is 43:10–12, 18–21Is 44:21–24, 26–28Is 55:1–5, 12, 13Is 60:1–22Is 61:3–11Is 62:12Is 63:7, 8-----------Paradise will produce an abundance of fresh food and water“they (:those in paradise) will (learn to and) certainly build houses (for themselves) and have occupancy (:live in them); and they will certainly (learn to and) plant (their own) vineyards and eat their fruitage. They will not build and someone else has occupancy; they will not plant and someone else do the eating. For like the days of a tree (long and fruitful; even for thousands of years) will the days of my people be; and the work (of building and planting, amongst other things) of their own hands my chosen ones will use to the full.” Is 65:21, 22; Eze 28:26“They will not toil (:put forth effort, work) for nothing, nor will they bring forth birth (:children) for disturbance (:distress, anxiety and fears)…they…and their descendants with them. And it will actually occur that before they call out (to God about their endeavors, children, homes and land) I myself shall answer (:provide); while they are yet speaking I myself shall hear (:discern all that they are asking).” Is 65:23, 24; Ge 1:28Is 66:7–14, 19–21No starvation nor buying food from others. The giving to other nations will be when large groups meet where food will be provided for them or even when others in groups come to learn skills, techniques or methods in certain fields. God will even bless those who are generous on top of the blessings from which they have given! There will be regular rainfall all over paradise. There will be no droughts, no deserts, at all anywhere nor any torrential rainfall like in rain forests.“Jehovah will open up to you his good storehouse, the heavens (:skies), to give the rain on your land in its (regular) season (:cycle) and to bless every deed of your hand; and you (:as a nation and personally) will certainly lend (:give generously and willingly from the bounty you have) to many nations (others not of a person's nation and area), while you yourself will not borrow (:because of being blessed with plenty, more than you need).” De 28:12; Is 30:23, 24Mountains will be lower so food will grow on top of them.“There will come to be plenty of grain on earth; on top of the mountains there will be an overflow.” Ps 72:16; Is 30:23“I will make them (:those in paradise) and the surroundings (:the grounds or area) of my hill (perhaps local places of worship) a blessing, and I will cause the pouring rain (literal, also figurative in the sense of holy spirit) to descend in its (appointed or meeting) time. Pouring rains of blessings there will prove to be.” Eze 34:26In paradise there will no longer be malnutrition nor starvation. There will be no extreme heat no heat strokes. There will also be pure fresh clean water for everyone on earth.“They will hunger no more (spiritually and physically) nor thirst anymore (spiritually and physically), neither will the (figurative nor literal) sun (:solar rays and source of dominance, enlightenment and guidance) beat down upon them nor any (figurative and literal) scorching heat (of unrighteous opposition and tribulation, calamity), because the Lamb…will guide them to fountains (:sources) of life. And God will wipe out every tear (caused by pain and sorrow) from their eyes.” Re 7:16, 17Water will pure and sweet. Sweet meaning very refreshing, good and pleasant.Pr 9:17 sweetness means pleasantEc 11:7 sweetness means goodJa 3:11, 13 sweetness means fresh“the tree of the field must give its fruitage, and the land itself will give its yield, and they will actually prove to be on their soil in security. And they will have to know that I am Jehovah” Ez 34:27; Ge 1:29Da 2:35, 44, 45Mt 5:3–12aLu 6:20, 21, 23“You will be…in Paradise.” Lu 23:43Joh 5:28, 29Ac 24:15——————————Pure True Worship in Paradise-----------------------The center of paradise will be Jerusalem and the surrounding promised land of Israel. There will be established patterns, routines and methods for beautiful and perfect arrangements and constructions. Only perfect people will build temples and enter them. Which will take place after a thousand year period. Indeed, people will be full of wisdom and perfect in beauty. The center of paradise will reflect this and all around the land on earth. Just as the cherub is described in the garden, so the grand temple in Jerusalem in paradise will be. Precious gems and metals will be built into this magnificent center for worship. Other temples will be similar.“the One will spread his tent over them.” Re 7:15c“the rest of the (spiritually) dead (because of imperfection still under the condemnation of death) did not come to (perfect) life (uncondemned and fully pardoned from sin) until the thousand years were ended…With that…the tent of God is with mankind” Re 20:5, 21:3“that is why they are before the throne of God, and they are rendering him sacred service day and night in his temple” Re 7:15“sealing up a pattern, full of wisdom and perfect in beauty. In Eden, the garden of God…every precious stone…covering, ruby, topaz and jasper; chrys’olite, onyx and jade; sapphire, turquoise and emerald; and the gold…a workmanship of…settings and…sockets. In the day of being…they were made ready…set…On the holy mountain of God…In the midst of fiery stones…faultless…beaming splendor” Eze 28:12–15a, 17, 25; Ex 25:40; 1Co 1:25; De 26:19; Ps 96:6; Ex 24:10; Is 25:6-8As the holy mountain mentioned above, which was originally the center of the garden of Eden and later where the temple of Solomon was built, all temples will be built on mountains after they have settled at lower heights, with plateaus, because of the excessive weight of the flood waters going back into the atmosphere as the single land mass reunites and waters recede.“In the mountain of Jehovah it will be provided.” Ge 22:14“upon the mountain of meeting” Is 14:13Ps 100:1-5Jer 31:12In paradise, righteous, perfect people will worship God on earth inside temples around the world. Everyone, not just those of the tribe of Levi, will enter into temple courtyards and temples to worship the one and only true God. Just as God holds meetings with his spirit sons in heaven, on earth his earthly sons and daughters will attend meetings inside temples. Worship will be truly elevating, festive, joyous and spiritual occasions.“they are (on earth) before the throne (Sovereignty with the justice and mercy) of God; and they rendering (:offering) him sacred service day and night (:from one side of the earth to the other side; with constancy) in his (great spiritual, but toward the future, a physical) temple (:sacred place of worship; grand sanctuary); and the One seated upon the throne will spread his tent (of spiritual and physical protection) over them” Re 7:14, 15 (Jo 3:5); Is 30:29God's tent of protection and blessing will be over paradise. Everyone in paradise will be forever guests before God. All people will be without faults, practicing what is right and truthful from their hearts. There will be no lying in paradise, everyone will be good to one another from family members to all other people on earth. There will be no slanderous talk nor harmful gossiping about others. Family members, people who work together on projects and close friends will always be loving and kind to one another. There will be honor amongst all in paradise. Even if a person makes an agreement or a promise but finds out afterward that it is inconvenient he or she will remain true that promise. No one in paradise will have morbid fears or anxieties that make them tremble or afraid. They will not have to look over their shoulders because of some regrettable thing they or someone else has said, done or will say or do. Humanity will be carefree in paradise.“O Jehovah, who will be a guest in your tent (of global paradisaic protection and blessings)? Who will reside in your holy mountain (in paradise wherever there are temples in mountains)? He who is walking faultlessly and practicing righteousness and speaking truth in his heart. He has not slandered with his tongue. To his companion (:partner) he has done nothing bad, no reproach has he taken up against his intimate acquaintance (:friend)…those fearing (:deeply respecting) Jehovah he honors. He has sworn to what is bad [for himself], and yet he does not alter…he will never be made to totter (:waver, nor shake or quake from anxiety or fear)” Ps 15:1–5There will be local weekly (every Saturday; a day of rest) meetings every month out of a year at local sanctuaries. Sanctuaries, at least some, may be on hills or elevated land.“it will certainly occur that from new moon (:month) to new moon (:month) and from sabbath (:week) to sabbath (:week) all flesh will come in to (places for worship and) bow down before me (:God; in local sanctuaries; and reginal temples on appointed times; perhaps 7 temples in all),” Is 66:23; Ps 95:1, 2, 4–7; De 12:13, 14, 18; Is 58:13, 14“take care to present to me my offering (:presentation of praise and thanksgiving), my bread (:satisfaction), for my offerings (presentations of praise and thanksgiving) made by (:from or through) fire (:intense love, zeal and devotion) as a restful odor (:pleasant expression) to me, at their appointed times.” Nu 28:2; De 12:26All temples will be on or in the mountains.Three times out of a year there will be festive assemblies and conventions at temples in paradise.“Three times you are to celebrate a festival to me.” Ex 23:14The seven day (March-April) festival (and convention) of unfermented cakes in remembrance of Jehovah delivering them from a world of sin and death. An annual vacation!The one day (June) festival of harvest or weeks; Pentecost, in appreciation for the ransom sacrifice and the kingdom (governmental peaceful) arrangement under the new covenant and the blessings of holy spirit.The seven day (in September-October) festival of ingathering or booths or tabernacles in appreciation for salvation, enlightenment and everlasting life.“You will keep the festival of unfermented cakes. You will eat unfermented cakes seven days, just as I have commanded you…they must not appear before me empty-handed.” Ex 23:15; De 16:1–8“Also, the festival of harvest of the first ripe fruits of your labors, of what you sow in the field; and the festival of ingathering at the outgoing of the year, when you gather in your labors from the field.” Ex 23:16, 19; De 16:9–12; De 16:13–15; De 31:9–13“On three occasions in the year every male of yours will appear before the face of the true Lord, Jehovah.” Ex 23:17“Three times a year every male of yours should appear before Jehovah your God in the place that he will choose; in the festival of the unfermented cakes and in the festival of weeks (:the harvest) and in the festival of booths (:the ingathering), and none should appear empty-handed. The gift of each one’s hand should be in proportion to the blessing of Jehovah your God that he has given you.” De 16:16, 17“Look! The tent (:protection) of God is with (all of) mankind, and he will reside with them (in temples by means of his holy spirit), and they will be his (chosen and perfect) peoples. And God himself will be (:present by spirit) with them (in all their endeavors).” Re 21:3; Eze 37:27; De 13:18; 14:23In paradise God will speak to all perfect people in a temple during assemblies and conventions through holy spirit with his presence represented by a light above the platform. There may even be a cloud covering the stage (ark cover) whenever he addresses his earthly family of sons and daughters. Who knows, he may even provide an audience with a vision of himself and sometimes heaven and heavenly things! Is 30:20; Mt 5:8; Re 4:1–11“I shall be a father to you, and you will be sons and daughters to me, says Jehovah the Almighty.” 2Co 6:18; Is 43:6, 7The following are simply possibilities of how the temples may be viewed, used, operated and treated.The most important houses built in paradise will be houses of God. Everyone at the time of building a temple will have a share in the building of the temple they themselves will occupy as members. Is 65:21a, 22a; 1Kg 6:1, 13A (Tabernacle or) Temple: a Most Holy structure for worship; 1Kg 6:1, 15, 29, 30, 33 (a tent or local sanctuary would be a holy structure for worship) Is 2:2, 3; Mic 4:4The Porch: the approach to God with steps; 1Kg 6:3; 7:15, 21The Windows: the admission of air to circulate and natural light; 1Kg 6:4The Side Chambers: auxiliary rooms in a temple outside its auditorium; offices, storage, utilities, the facilities, dining, etc.; 1Kg 6:5–10The Most Holy: the entire platform area, particularly whenever God addresses the audience of perfect mankind; 1Kg 6:19, 23, 31The Ark: the platform entire platform from floor of the temple to the stage, particularly when God is visibly manifested by holy spirit; Ex 25:10; 1Kg 6:19; 8:6, 7The Cover: the entire platform itself, particularly when God is present by spirit in visual manifestations; 1Kg 8:10–13“you must make a cover (:platform or stage) of pure gold…above upon the Ark (:box, archive, space under or within the stage)…And I will present myself to you there (:at the cover: platform or stage) and speak to you from above the cover, from between the two (:towering statues of) cherubs that are upon the ark of the testimony, even all that I shall command you” Ex 25:17, 21, 22The Testimony: Archives within the platform of all of God's sayings and instructions past, present and future; technologically stored under within the platform (which will not be just structural and empty space); 1Kg 8:9The Holy: the entire auditorium (except for the Most Holy platform) and possibly the outside facilities within the temple; 1Kg 6:4, 5, 15, 29, 30, 31, 33; 8:8The Altar of Incense: the fragrance and air circulating apparatus in front of the platform; Ex 30:1, 6The lampstands: the lighting and utensils of enlightenment (media of a future sort); 1Kg 7:47The Table: small permanent personal platforms in the auditorium, technologies, at which recordings and notations can be made for divine and spiritual feeding (instructions); also such platforms will also reverse or double as a platform for physically feeding during intermissions. Each member of an assigned temple may or may not have an assigned seat. Seating arrangements will also be adjustable when necessary, because of new family members or visitors, etc. But even those adjusted can have their permanent platform of information transferred to their adjusted seating. Temples will be built on the inside to adjust and accommodate new members up to a comfortable and full capacity.; Ex 25:23, 29, 30; 1Kg 7:47The Courtyard: outer grounds around a temple; the inner courtyard for feasting, fellowshipping and festivities. The outer courtyard for parking (whether a beast of burden or a vehicle of sorts) and leaving travel items; 1Kg 6:36; 7:12The Molten Sea: Cleansing or purifying facilities furnished with a flow of water that forms a pond or small body of water before running down a mountain; 1Kg 7:23; Eze 47:1, 2;The altar: Cooking and food facilities; Ex 27:1, 8The Carriages: apparatuses for moving items in and around the temple, because of excessive weight, bulk or amounts; 1Kg 7:27, 38Ps 99:7------------Paradise will exist for an eternity, indeed forever along with righteous perfect people on it-----------------Ju 25Ps 148:4, 6Ec 1:4Ps 37:28, 29Ps 19:7-11Mic 6:8Mt 22:36-40Ec 12:13God is supplying satisfactory what living things need now and in paradise God will perfectly satisfy all natural and wholesome desires and needs completely and abundantly.“You are opening your hand and satisfying the desire of every living thing (man and beast; completely; also the needs of smaller organisms and of plants that humans and animals desire and need).” Ps 145:16; Ps 37:4————————————————Not yet complete, submitted unintentionally too soon!