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It depends where you are moving from, what your opportunities (employment, housing, schooling etc) will be like when you arrive, which part of Canada you are planning to move to, and whether or not you’ll be eligible for permanent residence or only a short term work permit/visa. Only you can answer these questions for yourself, but let me share some helpful hints and tips from my own experience.I moved from the UK to Canada earlier this year with my wife and young daughter, and it’s the best decision I’ve made in a very long time. The UK was great to us, and there are certainly things it did incredibly well, and that I miss — especially friends and family who are still back there. But even coming from an affluent, and developed country like the UK, the quality of life here in Canada for someone like me, who has a good, and dependable job, is like night and day. There is a reason Canada frequently tops, or comes near the top of, most quality of life surveys each year.That said, it’s not a perfect country — none are — and you’ll need to do your homework as to what things matter to you before making that kind of move.I had previously spent a couple of years in Canada, including winters, so I was not coming in blind. A lot of people do, because they hear Canada is such a great country for immigrants, and then get caught off guard when they arrive, so do your homework.Before saying anything more, it’s important to say, Canada is a vast country, and while some of these things may be broadly true about the country, it’s important to remember that things vary a lot from one place to another. There are differences from province to province, differences between cities and urban areas, and smaller rural communities, differences from North to South, and some big differences from east to west. My experience comes from two years travelling extensively throughout Western Canada, both in big 5 cities (spending around 8 months total in and around Calgary, and also around a month in and around Edmonton and Vancouver) some secondary cities and urban centres of varying sizes (Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Kelowna, Lethbridge, Red Deer, etc) and a lot of time in more rural and remote places throughout BC, AB, SK, and MB, and currently living in a small community in northern BC.While I have a good sense of the differences between North and South, and big cities, smaller cities and more rural areas, I don’t have any experience east of Manitoba, so take what I say about the east-west divide accordingly.We moved back here earlier this year, to pursue a particular career path I had always felt called to do here — Christian ministry to rural Canadian places — and had a good job, livable salary, great long term prospects, and housing already arranged before arrival. While I am aware some people qualify to come to Canada for permanent residence without a firm job offer in place, I honestly cannot imagine doing this.Canada is a great country, with a good social security net, and above average employment rates and opportunities, and if you unexpectedly find yourself out of work while living here, you may be okay short term, but coming to a country knowing you will not have regular income from day one seems like a lot more stress than I would want. Unless you have no other choice (eg, you are claiming asylum or refugee status), I would make sure I have a firm job offer, a living wage, and housing lined up before even thinking about moving to another country.Once you’ve found work, make sure you understand what you’re getting into, culturally, economically, socially, and geographically/climate wise.Many of these things can be the biggest selling points for a lot of people, but depending on your background, and expectations, could also be things that make Canada incredibly difficult to you, if you are not prepared.The people are friendly, welcoming, and laid back. Canadians has a reputation for being friendly, and it’s certainly well earned. Canada has been welcoming visitors and immigrants for many years, and almost 1/5 Canadian residents were born outside of Canada. With that said, this increasing percentage does have some Canadian citizens concerned, and there has been a growing number of people suggesting that, perhaps, Canada cannot sustain these levels of immigration indefinitely, and a growing concern about immigrants coming to Canada without being willing or able to assimilate into the culture.While most Canadians — even those who are concerned about immigration rates — will still welcome immigrants into their communities, you will find it much easier to call Canada home if you show you actually intend to do that — make this place home.Going out of your way to master the local language, get involved in local culture and customs, and put down roots will go a long way to improving your quality of life, and ingratiating yourself with the local community. Almost no Canadians expect you to completely give up your native culture, language, traditions, or heritage, but there is, I think, real frustration at immigrants who are perceived as not really contributing to Canada — people who seem to to come to Canada, live in small, enclosed communities of fellow immigrants, never master the language or embrace the culture of Canada, send most of their money back to their home country, take advantage of healthcare and education, and then leaveThat said, for immigrants that get involved in their community, Canada is a wonderful and welcoming place to call home.The Canadian political system, work environment, and culture broadly speaking, rewards hard work, while also having a strong sense of social responsibility, and supporting those who are less fortunate.Canada’s pace of life tends to be somewhat slower than similar western developed nations. People enjoy and appreciate more relaxed and laid back pursuits.The slower pace of life is a draw for many, but can be infuriating for people who come from more driven and focussed cultures. If you define yourself by work, and derive value and identity from your career and income, or need constant stimulation, and a never ending list of things to occupy your time and entertain you, you may be annoyed to discover a lot of Canadians may not share your drive or perspective.Certainly, its possible to turn personal drive into success in Canada, and many immigrants and Canadians alike do just that each and every day. In cities, there is a lot to do, and the big 5 cities are all thriving, world-class cities with all that you would expect of them, and even many of Canada’s second-tier cities (population wise) often have more than you would expect from places that size, but a lot of parts of Canada do not have the same opportunities nearby for entertainment, business and employment opportunities in service, research and development, college and university options, etc.And to be clear, Canada certainly has a western mindset in terms of future planning, timekeeping, event scheduling, etc, and compared to many cultures, particularly Polynesian, Caribbean, and some African and Asian cultures, things can seem overly regimented and very “busy”, but compared to a lot of Western European, latin American, some African and Asian countries, and even large parts of the USA, Canada can feel slow, under-motivated, and “boring”.I know numerous people who would think nothing of taking several weeks or even months off work at a time, to go and live away “off the grid” in the bush because it’s hunting season, and bagging an elk or moose is more important (and valuable) to them than the money they would take home working, or others who will work hard for 3 or 4 months in oil, gas, or forestry, where they can make a lot of money in a fairly short period of time, but then come home and only want to work part time hours the rest of the year. A lot of smaller towns and cities do not have the same range of entertainment opportunities (nightlife, bars, live entertainment venues, etc) in easy reach when compared to a lot of other countries.Canadians work slightly more hours on average than a few equivalent countries, but still below the OECD average, and people tend to value and respect a healthy work-life balance. Canadians tend to have slightly less annual vacation time per year than countries like the UK or EU nations, but also work fewer hours per working week than a lot of other countries. Only a tiny percentage of Canadians (less than 4%) work what the OECD would consider “very long hours” (50 hours per week or more), and the majority of working Canadians do not need to hold down multiple jobs to make ends meet.While many homes do have two working parents, especially in the cities, in rural areas, it is entirely possible for the average salary of a blue-collar worker to make ends meet for an average family, without a second parent needing to work, something that is increasingly rare in many countries. Salaries in Canada tend to be a little lower than equivalent salaries in some other countries, but cost of living also tends to be lower. US salaries tend to look much higher than Canadian ones, but disposable income tends to be equivalent, if not actually a little more, especially for families with children, as a lot of things that are free, or greatly subsidized at the point of delivery in Canada, incur high out-of-pocket expenses in the US. If you are single, or without children, the USA or other western nations may serve you better, but if you have a family, Canada is hard to beat.It has a good healthcare system. It is largely universal and publicly funded (though with a few notable gaps in coverage some other nations provide) but privately delivered, meaning that there is often choice and alternatives available. It is funded and delivered at a provincial level, meaning that their can be varying levels of coverage and provision across the country, but Canadians covered by a plan from most provinces or territories generally receive medically necessary and emergency treatment while traveling out of province, though admittedly with some exclusions, and remembering Quebec does not generally participate in this.There are some notable gaps in coverage, including slightly higher than average drug costs compared to a lot of developed countries who provide national healthcare, and no coverage for routine non-emergency optical and dental care, below average mental health provisions in some areas, and limited or no coverage for some alternative medicine, including things like chiropractic, acupuncture, naturopathy, massage therapy, etc.Therefore, most employers provide some level of additional healthcare coverage, either by way of a group coverage plan, or additional financial compensation to cover supplemental private health care for you and your family, which will cover some, or all of your out of pocket expenses for these things, though this can vary wildly from employer to employer, and province to province.Canada a good publicly funded K-12 education system, relatively affordable post-secondary education opportunities with some world-class institutions in the country. Even compared to the UK’s solid education system, it is clear that moving into the Canadian system has been a real benefit to my young daughter.Canadian education tends to be less academically target and testing driven, and more focussed on creating rounded individuals, with a lot more room and focus given to development in areas outside of traditional academic subjects. This may be a plus to you, and I personally think is a much better way to raise and develop children, but also means that, if your culture values academic achievement, and this has been your child’s experience throughout their early childhood, moving to the Canadian system may be a challenge for you, and for them.Communities still largely feel like real communities, and tend to still have a friendly neighbourhood feel, where people look out for one another, and have relatively strong social bonds, especially compared to a lot of other developed western nations. This is particularly true both as you travel west, and away from cities in the country, where a real “pioneer spirit” still seems to exist in a lot of places, and people tend to feel quite strongly that being part of a local community is a big part of their identity.That said, family bonds tend to be looser than in a lot of other cultures. That said, extended families tend to be much less likely to live together, or even nearby. It is common for adult children to live great distances from their parents and grandparents as they move around the vast country to pursue career or education opportunities. This discovery can be a particular shock to people in cultures where children remain in the family home their entire life, and look after parents as they grow old.It is not that anyone would frown on you for doing this, just that children raised in Canadian culture are less likely to feel that this is their obligation and duty, and the size of the nation often means moving great distances for work or education is the only option. If you are relying on your children being there in your old age, you’re going to be fighting the culture to keep that instilled in themYou also need to understand the size and population density of the country. Canada is HUGE, and very sparcely populated. While it’s true that the majority of people live in a hand full of large cities and urban areas, and this is where the majority of immigrants rent to move. However, there are people living in all corners of the country, and you will often find more opportunities, lower cost of living, and a better quality of life outside of the big cities.Canada’s true cities (1 million people plus) like Toronto, Montreal, Edmonton, Vancouver, and Ottawa have a lot going on and are great places to live and work, but the cost of living in many of them is expensive, competition for jobs is high, and come with many of the problems all large cities have (traffic, pollution, noise, higher crime rates, etc). While Canada generally does better than a lot of other countries with these things, they are real, and something to consider.By moving away of the big 5 cities, and into smaller urban centres (cities of less than 100,000 people), or even to smaller rural towns, districts, or villages, estate prices tumble (primary real estate in big cities is often well over $1 million, it can drop to less than a quarter of that for equivalent properties away from the urban centres. Though there are clearly trade offs, smaller cities often have a higher standard of living and there are still many of these places that are within a reasonable commute to large urban centres.That said, you need to understand given the size of the country that the way Canadians think about commuting and travel may be very different to how people in other countries do. In some parts of the country, including where I live, people will think nothing of driving more than an hour for a grocery run at a large store, to go out for a meal, for social meetups, or entertainment venues, and will often consider a 4–5 hour round trip fairly routine to pick up a more hard-to-find things.It is relatively common for a “morning commute” to work to be 100 KM or more, especially for people who work in industries like forestry, oil and gas, construction, power generation, or manufacturing etc, and for you to pass through relatively few developed areas or other communities along the way.Depending on where you’re moving from, this may not be a huge deal. But if you’re coming from a smaller, and more densely populated country, it can feel isolating and lonely while you get used to it.Canada is absolutely breathtakingly beautiful. I have not travelled as extensively as I’d have liked to, I'm sure there are plenty of other beautiful places elsewhere in the world, but the scenery, natural wonder, wildlife, forests, lakes, mountains, waterfalls, rivers, and wilderness I’ve seen traveling throughout Canada is, hands down some of the best I’ve seen anywhere. While it has everything a modern, wealthy, developed nation has in terms of infrastructure, and man-made stuff, much of which is also great, and inspiring in its own way, between those man-made and urbanized conservations are vast stretches of untamed and untouched nature that will blow your mind.It seems obvious, the reason so much of Canada is untamed and wild, is because, it's also a pretty tough place to tame. I live about as far north in BC as is really settled and while a few settlements do exist north of here, including some communities like Fort Nelson, a number of Indian nations and reservations, as well as all of the towns and cities in the Yukon, there is a reason that the vast majority of the population of Canada lives within a few hundred KM of the US border.The climate in Canada is cold in the winter. There is no two ways about it. With a few exceptions, like Vancouver Island, the Vancouver metro area, and a few coastal communities throughout the maritimes, Canada has some extreme harsh winters. Even cities close to the US border have average daily temperatures below 0℃ from October through March, and summers, while warm and dry in most of the country, are relatively short most years. There is typically snow on the ground the vast majority of December, January and February, in most places in Canada, temperatures dropping below -20℃ multiple times throughout the winter is neither unusual, or particularly surprising for most Canadians.And the further north you travel, the colder it tends to get. This year, our first snow already flew a few days back, and the temperature hasn’t crept back above zero for around a week now, and it’s not even Halloween yet. It’ll probably hover around freezing for a few more weeks yet… some days it’ll be up as high 5 or 6℃, we’ll get a little rain, and the snow will wash away for a few days, some days it’ll drop as low as -7 to -10℃ and we’ll get a solid freeze or snow fall, but it’ll flip back and forth between the two for a while. But once we hit mid-November to around mid February, it’ll be a rarity that there isn’t snow on the ground, and temperatures around -10℃ will feel comparatively mild compared to how low it can get.Long and short, you’re going to have to get used to the cold if you want to live most places in Canada. Now, the coldest parts of Canada also tend to be the least humid, and low humidity can make surviving these kinds of temperatures much easier, but there are adjustments you’ll need to make, and if you can’t make those adjustments, Canada is going to be miserable for you.Personally, I much prefer cold temperatures to hot ones, so this wasn’t a particular problem for us, but a lot of people do struggle with this, and, unless you’ve come from somewhere with similar temperatures, there is no way to prepare yourself until you actually experience it.Finally, depending on where you’re coming from, it’s also important to point out the obvious… while the salaries may look incredible compared to equivalent salaries where you live, most Canadians are only ever “getting by”, and the salaries reflect the cost of living.If you’re coming from India, let's say, (it’s theoretical, but that’s where my father is originally from, so I have a bit more knowledge about this than i would other countries), and have a very good job there, maybe as an IT consultant, you may be earning between ₹400,000 (₹4 lakh) and ₹2 million (₹20 lakh) each year, depending on experience. That’s between about $7,000 and $35,000 CAD. So seeing that an IT consultant in Canada averages around $80,000 per year with potential to pass $120,000 with experience (around ₹4.4 million/₹44 lakh up to more than ₹6.7 million/₹67 lakh), it can be tempting to think that you’ll live like a king here. But the reality is, your money also goes a lot further in India too. housing, food, entertainment, vehicles, etc all cost more here too, and while an $80,000 salary will allow you to live comfortably in Canada, you’re not going to feel like you’ve got 2–3 times the income you had in India. Indeed, for qualified people with good jobs in India (more than ₹500,000/₹5 Lakh per year) you may even feel like you’ve got less passive and disposable income in Canada than you did back home, when you factor in the difference in cost of living.Don’t get me wrong. Moving to Canada has been incredible for me, and my family, and I don’t regret it even for a second, but you need to come in with your eyes open — If you view a move like this through rose-tinted glasses, and only look to the positives, it’s easy for your dream to become a nightmare when reality sets in.For me, the positives easily outweigh the negatives, and i’m so happy we had the opportunity to move, but your milage may vary, so make sure you weigh the options carefully.

Yes, Indeed. Odia is much older than bengali .Odia as a language is a Classical language....It has largest number of words in its vocabulary than any Indo-aryan languages after Sanskrit.Lets speak about Odia language and its historyAncient Times(pre 4th century BC)[1] Odisha is the only state, where three types of Brhami scripts were discovered like-Pre Brahmi, Brahmi & Post Brahmi-. The Indian script ‘o’ (tha) was discovered from yogimatha rock painting of Nuapada district. It is the ancient form of Indian script and it is the first glimpse of possible origin of the Odia language and script. The paintings found at Vikramkhol, also contained pre-historic, undeciphered pictographic inscriptions. Some letters are only in paint and it was the method regularlyvemployed during period of Brahmi inscription. The color of the paint is red ochre. An examination of the letters, which at first sight give the impression of having Brahmi forms, shows that the writings was a mixture of Brahmi form and a developed type of the Mohenjo-Daro script. According to the famous historian K.P Jayaswal,The Vikramkhol inscription supplies a link between the passage of letter from the Mohenjo-Daro script to BrahmiAncient Kalinga had maritime contacts with Bali,Sri Lanka,Java,Malay Peninsula,Cambodia and China.The Bali Jatra festival is still celebrated to mark the venturing into Bali Island(in Indonesia). The festival is similar to the ‘Masakapan Ke Tukad’ festival of BaliThe celebration of the Boat festival called ‘Danga Bhasa ‘ is celebrated in Thailand and Odisha. Here we called it ‘Danga Bhasa or ‘Boita Bandana’ but there this is called ‘Loy Krathong’.The ‘Bon Om Touk’ Water Festival of Cambodia, and the ‘That Luang’ Festival of Laos are similar festivals held around the same time of the year.According to legend, Sinhabahu or Sīhabāhu ("Lion-arms"), was the son of a princess of the Kalinga Kingdom and a lion. He killed his father and became king of Singhapur of Kalinga ( near Jajpur of Odisha). His son, Prince Vijaya, would emigrate from Kalinga to Lanka and become the progenitor of the Sinhala people. Taking into account linguistic and mythological evidence, we can assume that the first element of the name of the people means "lion". Both the Sinhalese and Odia people believe in this legend.Old Odia (post - 4th century BC)We have seen the most ancient Odia script found in more than 5775 cave paintings belonging to period 1 to 15 millennium B.C. has been found in 55 cave’s of Odisha including Gudahandi and Yogimatha.The script ‘Ga’, and ‘o’ (tha) was discovered from yogimatha rock painting of Nuapada district. In this rock Art a person with four animals and some alphabet create a word “Gaitha” (very popular Odia word at present ‘Gotha’ meaning ‘group’ in English). These alphabet have similarity with Dhauli and Jaugada Inscription of Ashok. It was the ancient form of Indian script and it is the first glimpse of possible origin of the Odia language and script.Hathigumpha InscriptionKharavel’s Hatigumpha inscription (1st Century B.C.) is the real evidence of past Odia cultural, political, ritual and social status and it is the 1st poetic stake inscription.Two significant Ashoken inscriptions were inscribed at Dhauli and Jaugada. Just after the Kalinga War in 261 B.C. the script (Bramhi) and the language (Pali) of both the inscriptions are the proto form of Odia language. Though Ashok has createdmany rock edicts and inscription before Kharavela, yet his instructions for administration have been written in a rude and chocked language. On the other hand, the Hatigumpha inscriptions show the flexibility of a language in a sweet flow.The Hatigumpha inscription inscribed by the great emperor Kharabela at Khandagiri cave in the 1st century B.C. bears the testimony of the language and the poetic style of the locality. Dr. Mayadhar Mansingh has defined it as the earliest indigenous literary expression of Odia language.Main feature of this inscription was based on principles of Sanskrit poetic structure: such as-“Sadvanshah kshyatriya bâ pi dhiirodâttah gunanwitâh IEkabanshodva bhupâhâ kulajâ bahabo pi Jâ IIShrungarabirashantânâmekoangirasa ishyate IAngâni sarbe<pi rasâha sarbe nâtakasandhyâhâ IIItihâsodvabam bruttamânânyad bâ sajjanâshrayam IChatwarastasya bargahâ syusteshwekam cha phalam bhavet IIAâdyu namaskriyashribâ bastunirddesha eba bâ IKwacinnindâ khalâdinâm satâm cha gunakirttinam II "(Sâhitya darpan- Biswanâth kabirâj)It means that such creations will be called as poem in which Protagonist would be Dhirodatta belonging to kshyatriya in Rasa (aesthetics), Srunagâra (Love, Attractiveness), Vîra (Heroic mood) and Sânta (Peace or tranquility). All aspects of drama, historic tales and other legendary folklores are present. The description of all the four fold-Dharma, Artha, Kama and Mokshya are still present here.When Hatigumpha Inscription was created by Kharavela, all these principles traced by him have been followed by Rudradaman (Girinar inscription-150 A.D.), Samudragupta (Prayaga inscription-365 A.D), Kumargupta (Mandasore inscription-473A.D.) etc, who created their own famous creativities in a decent poetic style on many rocks in Sanskrit language.The words written in the Hatigumpha Inscriptions are still used in the present day Odia language.Odisha is one of the few exceptions where the transition from pre literate to literate is captured by over 5775 cave paintings. These paintings are found in Vikramkhol, Ushakothi, Ullafgarh, Gudahandi,Jogimath etc. The well known historian K.P Jaiswal has accepted these as pre-Brahmi script.The first reference to Odia language is found in Bharat’s Natya Shastra(13-8-6-26) (4th century B.C.) and Astadhyayi of Panini (4-1-170).Thus, first poetic text of our country “Natya Shastra” composed by Bharat Muni during 4th century B.C., mentioned Udra Vibhasa- that is the proto form of Odia language.At the beginning, these inscriptions had a dynamic journey from Pali to Sanskrit. They have not lost the sense of Odia. Therefore, Odia language, literature, script and culture are based on the discussions on these inscriptions.The first complete Odia inscription, the Urajam inscription, the developmental history of Odia inscriptions and copper plate grants is clearly discernible. Although inscriptions bear messages, a few Indian inscriptions, among which Kharavela’s Hatigumpha inscription is one, display kavyic (literary) style of writing.Though the recorded history of the land, now known as Odisha begins with the Kalinga war of 261 B.C. and the subsequent engraving of the two Special Kalinga edicts by Ashoka at Dhauli and Jaugada, yet the history of the land is as old as the Indian civilization itself, if not earlier. What is important about Odishan history is that eight eminent women rulers ruled Kalinga during the Bhoumakara period which is a rare phenomenon in world history. Buddhist heritage is equally very rich in Odisha. Excavation revealed the rich Buddhist remains from Ratnagiri, Udyagiri, Lalitgiri, Kuruma, Vajragiri and other places.The Buddhist text’s ‘Lalita Bistara’, gives a list of 64 scripts known to Lord Budha. Udri was one of the scripts in the list. Scholars traced the Udri with Udra script.The first two disciples of Buddha after high enlightenment were two merchants from Utkala, Tapusa and Vallika. They gave madhupinda (Arisa pitha(Cake) and Mahu(Honey)) to Buddha who gave some of his hair to these two dear disciples. They brought Buddha’s hair relic to their own land and set up Kesestupas there.Kalinga is a state in Philippines. Ancestors from these countries already accepted that people from Kalinga came here and developed our culture with Brahmin and Sanskrit ways of Odia. They developed them in their language, culture God and still have greater importance than other.Hotley Beyer (1918) believed that people of the Kalinga in Philippines are in a Separate Migration War. Around 5000 B.C. came a group he called “Indo Asian and their decadence are found in the province of Apayao and part of abra, kalinga and Ifugao.Many of these have never changed to Christianity and preserve their ancient customs of tattooing their bodies, filing their teeth and from time to time a central tendency to head hunting (Brinton 1898.303). Even Kalinga textile design of cloths is identical with Odisha textile design.The Buddhist Dharmachakra (wheel of life) was unearthed recently under Badchana Block ofJajpur District. The twelve spokes of the wheel symbolize the noble Eightfold path set out by the Buddha in his teachings. The wheel also represents the endless cycle of samsara, or rebirth which can only be escaped by means of the Buddha’s teachings.Ever since there has been a reference to Udra Bibhasa in Natyasastra of Bharat Muni (4th Cen. BC) through Ashokan edict, (3rd Cen. BC) and Hatigumpha inscriptions of Kharavela (1st Cen. BC) conclusive evidence has been provided to show the development of Odia language and script, until Urajan inscription of 1051, AD, the first Odia inscription using entirely Odia language and script.Rig Veda in its tenth Mandala had to advise its followers to be cautious of Odisha where indigenous people find their object of worship in wooden logs.Pre-Sarala Das Odia(upto 14th century AD)The beginnings of Odia poetry coincide with the development of charya sahitya, the literature started by Vajrayana Buddhist poets such as in the Charyapada. This literature was written in a specific metaphor called twilight language and prominent poets included Luipa, Tilopa andKanha.By 7th century A.D., King Indrabhuti of Sambalpur introduced it as Vajrayana, which is supposed to have travelled to other parts of the country and Tibet. Acharya Pitupada (8-9th C AD) achieved a great reputation as a scholar and a saint at Ratnagiri and promulgated Kalachakryana, a new vehicle of Buddhism. Vajrayana was changed to Sahajayana by Lashminkara, the princess of Sonepur and sister of Indrabhuti. It is believed that the great Buddhist saint Padmasambhava went to Tibet from Odisha to propagate Vajrayana Buddhism and founded a new religion named Lama.The earliset literary evidence is provided by Boudh monks (8-12thCenturyA.D.) Short poems written by Kanhupâ, Luipâ, Sabairpâ, GunDuripâ, Sântipâ, Bhusukupâ, are collection in ‘Âscharjya arjyâchaya’ popularly known as Boudhagâna O Dohâ, written in the proto-language of Odia.Although Boudhagana O Doha is claimed as the precursor of Odia, Assami, Bengali and Maithili, it sings of Bajrajana, Sahajajana, tantrajana etc., the heart land of which was ancient Odisha(Kalinga). The pre-Sarala literary scene was Osa, Brata, Katha, Sodasa,SoRasâ, Chautisâ, Webi, Loli, Gitika, Gitâ, Samhitâ, Koili, Mâdalâ Pânji , Nâtha literature.One of the most important pre-Sarala literary texts was Bichitra Ramayana by Sidheswar Das. The use of Prakrit words in abundance gives evidence of its pre-Sârala composition. This was so popular that it was translated in to Telugu by six eminent Telugu poets, one after another.While writing Odia history, historians like Sir W.W.Hunter and Andrew Stirling considered the facts related in Madala Panji as base. The Madala Panji was traditionally written on a year-to-year basis. On Vijaya-Dashami day, the Karanas (official history writers of Puri, a caste of Odisha), were involved in keeping the chronicle. This ritual is cited as a proof that the tradition of keeping this chronicle began with Odia king Anantavarman Chodaganga Dev (1078–1150) himself.According to the tradition, Chodaganga created 24 families of Karanas to preserve the temple records. Of these, five were entrusted with the writing and preservation of the Madala Panji. They are:Panjia Karan—preserves the Madala PanjiTadau Karan—writes the Madala PanjiDeula Karan—enforces the MadalaKotha Karan—the main compilerBaithi Karan – assistantIn subsequent stage, due to the bulky size of Madala Panji, its content covering different dimensions related to temple management, it was divided into four parts:Bhandara Khanja Madala (maintained by Pattajoshi Mohapatra)Deula Madala / Karmangi Madala (maintained by Deula Karana)Deshapanji Madala (prepared by Deula Karana)Rajakhanja Madala (prepared and maintained by Tadhau Karana)There are also five different categories of Panjis. No one has seen them all.Raja Khanja—important events of the Rajas. Read on Paush Purnima (Pushyabhishek). Kept by Tadau Karan.Desh Khanja—Records gifts of land and money and occasions when the Jagannath temple was plundered. Kept by Kotha Karan.Karmangi. Daily rituals. Important events related to the rituals recorded. Announced daily at the Beherana.Dina Panji—The daily almanac read by the temple astrologer at the time of the Avakash. These were prepared annually and finalized on Vishuva Sankranti.Besides the Madala, there were other Karans who wrote regional chronicles, known as Chakadas. "All the Kadatas and Chakadas taken together will be about a cartload." A thorough study of the Madala Panji using all the different source materials has apparently not yet been done.Sri Jayadeva wrote the famous poem Gita Gobinda in 10th century, celebrating the divine love of Lord Krushna and Radha. He belonged to Kenduli village in the Cuttack district of Odisha. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu chanted the name of the Lord on the streets of Odisha and popualrised Lord Jagannatha. His is from kenduli Sasan of Odisha.The development of Odia prose is not only early, it is unique in many ways. The stories of Bratas and Osas was a strong reason for the preservation and development of prose. Some varieties of prose were also sung. Of the six varieties of Odia prose which were sung, two were Utkalika and Churnika.Towards the 13thcentury A.D. the deities made at Konark not only limit the language to the time and space but also wide spread to the distant country like Bali, Java, Sumatra, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaya and Philippine. Borobudur temple of central Java and the Angkor Wat temple of Cambodia is the fine example of Odisha-influenced Indian architecture.Medieval Odia(15th century AD onward)Sarala Das was a unique character among all the modern Indian language writers, who wrote three purans, Mahabharat, Bilanka Ramayan, Chandi Puran in Odia. He is the only modern Indian author who wrote the entire Mahabharat in one life time. He put the Odia language on a solid pedestal, blazed a trail for the sustainable growth of Odia literature in future.His Mahabharata is not a translation but a transcreation. Sarala Das’s Mahâbhârata was translated into Bengali.In the maritime history of India, Odisha (ancient Kalinga) played a significant role in spreading Indian culture to other parts of the world. The picture of a Giraffe on the sun Temple of Konark speaks of the trade relation of Kalinga with African countries in the 13th Century. The picture of elephants in Odisha temple being carried by a boat speaks of the vigorous internal maritime activity.Sarala Das was followed by Pancha Sakha, Balaram Das, Atibadi Jagannath Das, Achyutananda Das, Sisu Ananta Das and Jasobanta Das.Balaram Das’s- “Dandi Ramayan” and “Padma Purana”, Jagannath Das’s- “Bhagabata” and Achyutananda Das “Sunya Samhita”, "Haribansha" and "Bhavishya Malika" are prime example of the Odia Vaishnavism. Innumerable number of oral texts discussed in groups, sung with the accompaniment of drums and cymbals, await to be written down.Sarala Das's Laxminarayana Bachanika and Balaram Das's Laxmi Purana is the manifesto of feminism in all over Indian literature of that time.Assamese poet Bhaktakabi Shankar Dev has not only popularized Odia “Bhagavat” in Assamese language, but also has played a key role in establishing the spiritual centres across Assam called “Namaghara” on the lines of Odia “Bhagavat Tungi”. After 158 years of the release of Bhagavat in Odia, Sanatan Chakroborti was inspired to translate Bhagavata in Bengali. But the 10th “skanda” of the Odia Bhagavata couldn’t be transalated into Bengali.The following 300 years (Mid 16th Cen. to Mid 19th Cen.) was the Kavya Juga when hundreds of Kavyas, narratives and descriptive poetic texts were written, continuing environment of music and scores of ragas mark this period. Many experiments were made with language and chhanda and the Odia creative imagination sprouted in abundance.Lines of the blind poet Bhima Bhoi (19th Cen), “late this life of mine wallow in hell fire but let the world be redeemed” is placed over one of the entrances of the UN.Poems, songs, lyrics and prose flourished during the next century, with social, mythological,religious themes in sample common subject. They were numerous, full of varieties and broke upon formalistic structures and assumed a distinct mind set of the ancient Odia poetry. The Bhakti movement of the 16th Cen. flourished into spirituality upto the 19th Cen. Love, which had a strong thematic presence during the Kavya era, found expressions directly in man woman relationship and indirectly through Radha-Krushna rashalila play in the songs, poems and lyrics.Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja created many words that make Odia language and literature more developed. His multi-meaning sentences are extremely difficult to be translated into other language.The modern age of Odia literature which challenged traditional ways of learning and evaluation is supposed to have begun in the later part of the 19th Century.The British rule, the missionary printing press, the rising Odia identity were behind Odia modernity. Besides Radhanath Ray, Fakirmohan Senapati, Madhusudan Rao, Gangadhar Meher,Nanda Kishore Bal, who were architects of Odia modernity, Barrister Madhusudan Das stands out as the architect in chief. Besides his fight for Odisha as a separate state on linguistic basis, in which he succeeded in his life time. In addition to his poetry, his extensive prose writing with remarkable logic and consistency, mostly motivated by educational purposes put him in the forefront of fighters for Odia identity.Thus, Odia culture is one of the primary independent sources of modern Indian culture and tradition. It is equally important that the great sacred works Odia Bhagavata and Odia Baishnavism, beginning with the Jagannath Anthologies, have undergone the development of modern Hinduism. Their ideas were taken into the Bhagavata Purana, Laxmi Puran and other texts, and spread all over India. Sanskrit is the source of the modern Indo-Aryan languages, classical Odia is the source language of Thai, Tibetan, Sinhalese, Bengali and Assamese.[2] Unlike the other modern languages of India, Odia meets each of these requirements as an Older classical language . It is extremely old (according to L.S.S O’ Malley, as old as Latin and Vedic Sanskrit), it arose as an entirely independent tradition, with almost no influence from Sanskrit [[but has influence from pali and prakrit]] or other languages and its ancient literature is indescribably vast and rich.Footnotes[1] its geography, statistics, history, religion and antiquities; by Andrew Stirling online for free (page 1 of 45)[2] ODIA AS A CLASSICAL LANGUAGE

1 Background This Question and Answer is my response to a question originally embedded in the comment/question by Martin Andrews about George Tait Edwards's answer to Why is “made in China 2025” so concerning to Trump that he demanded China must abandon that plan in order to stop the trade war?2 The Origins of Both Policies2.1 In Germany - “Industrie4.0/Germany4.0”This policy was born in and is dedicated to the advance of Germany’s industry for the sake of not only maintaining its current dominant position in the EU but also improving its future competitiveness and product quality.Both Germany and China see the need to upgrade their manufacturing and service industries to meet the future needs of their nations. The most comprehensive and effective article by Peter Altmaier (see below) covers so much ground that it is almost impossible to summarise, and I have struggled to do that, as shown below. But also see Sigurt Vitol’s thoughtful and considered paper about GERMAN INDUSTRIAL POLICY: AN OVERVIEW which can be downloaded at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ba5f/3fe74bf2104008be298a7b332a673706ad3a.pdf2.1.1 The Objective of the Policy: The Creation, Across All of The German Economy, Advanced Computerised “Smart Factories” with a major upgrading in the optimised computerised interconnection of factory operations from raw materials, subcomponent and energy inputs to specific, individual-customer-specified outputs.As Peter Altmaier, the German Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy Germany has summarised it, in A modern industrial policy,“Germany has a strong and successful industrial base. We need to keep it that way, we need to expand that.”In his lengthy and utterly specific article, he describes a policy which is the “fourth industrial revolution” which he names and describes:“INDUSTRIE 4.0Digitally driven and smartly networked“Digitally controlled production processes, smart factories and a networking of sales, production and logistics: the term "Industrie 4.0" describes a fourth industrial revolution which is picking up speed in the wake of rapid digitalisation.” And the description of the technology is“Industrie 4.0 combines production methods with state-of-the-art information and communication technology. This smart approach makes it possible to deliver tailored products to meet individual customer requirements – at low cost and in high quality. Highly flexible production methods and logistics will make it possible to customise products. Customers and business partners will be directly involved in operational and production processes, and there will be production methods and products that are closely intertwined with state-of-the-art, knowledge-intensive services (hybrid production, hybrid products).”So the system involves the implied digitally-controlled minimal inputs of energy, water and raw materials, combined with the just-in-time delivery of highest quality SME subcomponents to be assembled into a low cost, high quality customer-specified customised product which can “talk” through the internet of things to its maker, its buyer and the network of things around it.(Presumably the first three industrial revolutions the Federal Minister may have in mind may be the previous IR stages of the ages of steam, of electricity production and consumption, and of computers/internet communications, and of all the associated developments in these eras.)2.1.2 The Major Industrial Sectors AffectedIndustrie4.0/Germany4.0 highlights the following industrial sectors where Germany at present has a considerable leadership (as shown by export values) as highlighted by the Federal Minister:“The objective here is to foster innovation across the board, so that it covers all the lead markets and key enabling technologies that are of relevance for Germany. These include for example [my identing]mechanical and plant engineering,microelectronics,production technology,materials technology,bio- and nano-technology,energy and environmental technology,mobility and logistics,healthcare and medical technology, and not leastinformation and communications technology.“The process of technological transformation and the trend towards sharing knowledge and information on an ever-growing scale are continuing at unabated speed. Similarly, new developments in information and communication technology are having a considerable impact on the production of complex goods and services requiring a great deal of research and expertise. It is now increasingly possible for such complex manufacturing processes to be digitally controllable.”So Germany 4.0 while theoretically applying to “innovation across the board” is focused on the nine key areas highlighted. And the paper goes on to enumerate the value and employment of the leading six manufacturing activities in Germany, like thisThe paper goes on to demonstrate that export performance, the growing importance of export-related services, and highlights more industries which have “Innovative technologies with potential for the future” which are listed as“Within the framework of the Federal Government’s High-tech Strategy, the fields of health, mobility, climate/energy, security and communication are particularly addressed as important markets with potential for the future in cooperation with business and science. The Economic Affairs Ministry has special programmes for aerospace, the maritime industry, and the fields of mobility and information and communication technology. Also, innovative SMEs in all sectors can access government funding via the Ministry’s technology-neutral programmes.”In addition to all of the above, Germany intends toSecure raw materials and use them efficientlyPromote raw materials transparency (so you can see what’s being used where and how it’s forming part of something else, and how it’s being safely disposed of or recovered at the end of product life)Focus on renewable energyDiscount energy as a cost factor to assist energy-intensive industriesProtect the German environment byperforming climate risk checkhelping mitigate climate change andintroducing Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology to place extra atmospheric CO2 production in deep geological storage - as the Minister’s Report points out “The technology is currently being tested in Germany.”2.2 The Made in China 2025 initiative: Similar but differentAs Made in China 2025 - Wikipedia states “Made in China 2025 (Chinese: 中国制造2025; pinyin: Zhōngguó zhìzào èrlíng'èrwǔ)[1] is a strategic plan of China issued by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and his cabinet in May 2015.[2] China is moving away from being the World's factory floor (cheap goods and low quality) to move to higher value products and services.[3] In essence a blueprint to upgrade the manufacturing capabilities of Chinese industries. [4] The goals of Made in China 2025 include increasing the Chinese-domestic content of core materials to 40 percent by 2020 and 70 percent by 2025.[5] The plan focuses on high-tech fields including the pharmaceutical industry, automotive industry, aerospace industry, and semiconductors, IT and robotics etc which are presently the purview of foreign companies.[6]”2.2.1 The Origin of the PolicyChinese Premier Li Keqiang has made it quite clear that the inspiration for his Made in China 2025 Strategy was the Germany 4.0 industrial policy.3 The Comparisons Between Germany and ChinaBoth Germany and China have a highly educated and skilled workforce with millions of SMEs, many of which are acting at the forefront of their technology.Both countries fund the Wernerian transfer of invention to innovation in millions of their SMEs through effective local banking systems which help finance that process.4 The Differences Between the Germany 4 Policy and Made In China 20254.1 German Support for SME invention and InnovationAlthough Germany has a highly effective Sparkassen local public banking system to fund the establishment, development and updating of SMEs in each locality, Germany has a partly rationalised Sparkassen Banking System which, although the most effective in the world for a nation of Germany’s size, has the following sub-optimal characteristicsthe number of independent Sparkassen Banks has been reduced from 2,834 in 1903 to about 431 today - see German public bank - Wikipedia.East Germany was under Communist rule for about half a century and the Sparkassen Bank SME-supporting role during that period was diminished although still major, and it is doubtful if the East German states of Germany have yet recovered (by 2018) to the SME stimulation level provided in the states of West Germany.The retention of 15,600 local SME branches in Germany does provide a good level of SME support but bank branches do not always provide the excellent services or positive decisions that a local independent bank HQ can.One of the few jokes told by the Economist in times past was a response to a 1960s Russian claim that “East Germany proves Communism works” to which that newspaper replied“No - East Germany proves that the Germans can make anything work.” The relatively high growth rates of Communist East Germany (from 1945 to the 1960s) were due to the continuation of Germany’s Sparkassen Banks with their century and half traditions, of supporting SMEs even under Communist rule.Let me be as precise as the numbers can indicate: Herbert Simon has provided in his essay and book about the Hidden Champions of Germany the following dataWhich data I have summarised in the following generated table:More recent figures indicate that Germany has raised its delivery of “Hidden Champions” to above 1,600 with the result that the German level of champions per million people is about 20. It seems to me that a sub-analysis of the data is likely to show that some West German states are achieving hidden champion rates of about 25 champions per million people.Germany does not have an adequate system for the growth of “Hidden Champions” to world-serving scale, because it does not understand or use Shimomuran macroeconomics. Germany succeeds through the excellence of SME family firms and the few but large bank-supported major industries without having a “capital abundance” in all of its its manufacturing industry. Germany’s growth rate has always been intermediate because of that reality. The focus of German industry and politicians is upon Germany, and the Industrie4.0/ Germany4.0 policy would be much more impressive if it were an EU4.0 initiative funded by investment credit creation by the ECB across all of the EU.The EU is unfortunately being run by Germany as if it were a German Empire. Such an outcome was never intended by its founders who established and intended a co-operating commonwealth of collaborating nations. German politicians should grow into European citizens and while a “Germany first” bias in Industrie 4.0 may be initially acceptable, all of the EU needs a similar industrial upgrading.In my view the level of invention and innovation is a constant capability of all peoples. When Scotland was the beneficiary of the slave-trading profits of the Tobacco Lords these funds (along with some Sugar Lord monies also based upon black slavery) founded the local Glasgow-centred banks of Scotland and invested in the 88 companies that were the foundation of the local industrial revolution. When England had at most 900 Provincial Banks these institutions funded the conversion of invention to innovation in England and that created the English part of the industrial revolution from about 1750 to 1880. All of that is well documented in sources too numerous and too voluminous to quote here.5 The Industrial Coverage of Made In China 2025The Chinese data in the above table is incomplete because many Chinese SMEs are larger than the Hermann Simon definition as “having a revenue below $4bn”I have calculated the number of SMEs China should have, if the German number of SMEs per million people, is applied to China. About a third of Chinese SMEs seem to be missing, particularly in the western and central provinces of China where local bank SME support seems less supportive than the excellent local bank facilities in the Eastern coastal provinces and around Beijing.I have emailed (with no response so far) various Chinese economists and authorities pointing out that China could be growing more rapidly (I estimate by up to an extra 5%pa for decades) if these SME-supporting bank facilities were extended in western and central China.6 The Centrality of 5G Communications to the AI/IoT economy[Note: In some of the following quoted texts about 5G development, the Made In China 2025 policy is sometimes referred to as MIC2025.]The upgrading in mobile phone and internet connections from the 4G system to 5G is a key component of the success of the new Germany4.0/Made in China2025 strategies. The move from 4G to 5G brings about very large improvements in the operation of the internet for mobile phones and all other “thing users” of the internet. See ‘Made in China 2025’: Beijing has big plans for 5G – if the world lets it which outlines the situation as:“China’s road to 5G has been well planned. In 2012, two years before China Mobile launched 4G services on the mainland, various Chinese entities joined an international initiative to research and develop 5G.“With peak data rates up to 20 times faster than 4G, 5G will serve as “the connective tissue” for new mobile applications, such as the internet of things, autonomous cars and smart cities – providing the backbone for the industrial internet, according to a Deloitte report.“On the consumer side, 5G smartphone users will be able to send high-resolution 4K video within a few seconds, and both video games and apps based on augmented and virtual reality technologies will be seamless. The 5G networks will also be able to support the growing number of connected devices globally, from fitness-tracking watches to internet-linked televisions and smart speakers at home.“The International Telecommunications Union, the United Nations agency overseeing development of the “IMT 2020” global standard for 5G, said the new technology would support 1 million connected devices per square kilometre; 1 millisecond latency (representing the nearly instant time a packet of data takes to get from one point to another); greater efficiency in terms of power and use of radio spectrum; and a peak data download rate of up to 20 gigabits per second.”Let’s list these again, for these upgraded characteristics are astonishing: 5G has the advantages thatIt’s up to about 20 times faster than 4GIt serves as the fast backbone of the “Internet of Things”(IoT)It has a huge service capability (a million connected devices/km2) withvery fast millisecond latency for message transmissiongreater effective use of power and use of radio frequencies withdownloads of up to 20 gigabits/secondenabling not only “smart factories” but “smart cities.”As the above report continues:“The agency works in tandem with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), an international collaboration of seven telecoms standard development organisations that draw up complete mobile system specifications.The 3GPP recently approved the much-anticipated global technology specifications for 5G, which is expected to kick off initial deployments by some of the world’s largest telecoms network operators either later this year or early in 2019.There are two sets of specifications completed under the 3GPP: one is called “5G stand-alone”, which was approved in June, while the other one passed in December 2017 is known as “5G non-stand-alone”.”China has been steeped in the proposed 5G trials, testing and upgrading of mobile phone and IoT Communications from 4G to 5G, as this chart illustrates:And where is the USA in all this? US phone producer companies are involved but Trump seems to imagine that the USA has the power to call a halt on the essential development of this massive upgrading to 5G mobile/IoT services in which America has not been centrally involved.As ‘Made in China 2025’: Beijing has big plans for 5G – if the world lets it reports:“Gear based on the 5G stand-alone specifications is designed to run independently of 4G networks – and this is the standard China is pushing. Operators will need to rebuild their core network and buy new 5G base stations to provide higher data speeds and greater capacity, as well as ultra-reliable, low-latency services to support machine-to-machine connection and autonomous driving.“The Chinese government wants every industry to use the most advanced infrastructure to upgrade productivity. This is a strategic agenda, and they think that 5G will help,” said Jefferies equity analyst Edison Lee, who covers Hong Kong-listed ZTE, China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom. He goes on to say“China has very ambitious plans to promote the industrial internet of things, cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI), the capabilities of which require the support of brand-new 5G networks.”“For example, self-driving cars require sensors, AI and roadside base stations for fast and reliable connectivity to allow vehicles to “talk” to each other to avoid collisions and avoid pedestrians. Today’s 4G networks cannot meet those quick response times.“China’s plan for an aggressive 5G roll-out is in line with the MIC2025 road map. Initially, this focused on the domestic telecoms sector’s ability to increase broadband penetration nationwide to 82 per cent by 2025 as part of a push for industrial modernisation. Another objective was to see local suppliers making 40 per cent of all mobile phone chips used in the domestic market.“Under an updated version published in January, Beijing now wants China to become the world’s leading maker of telecoms equipment. Two of the world’s biggest telecoms gear suppliers, Shenzhen-based Huawei and ZTE, have helped lead China’s 5G research and development efforts.”7 Discussion Most observers do not seem to see the fuller picture of the computer-integrated AI/IoT “new world”. Both German and Chinese factories will become smart factories producing intercommunicating goods and transforming every sector of their economies. The inputs and the use of scarce resources will be AI-optimised, the whole industrial process will be a less costly just-in-time highly efficient production process providing goods and services to consumers in a transformed “5G-implemented Economy4.” The products made outside that system are likely to be literally “dumb” and unable to communicate with other things but may transmit usage and other data back to Germany and China.7.1 The Implications Of Both Industrial ProgrammesBoth Germany and China are going to have the most advanced industrial manufacturing economies and best consumer life experiences in the world.7.2 The Trump Effect In Accelerating China’s DevelopmentWhen Trump banned the export of Intel microchips to China, the Chinese developed their own microchips within 14 months. Donald Trump’s forced march has brought the title of the “World’s fastest computer” back to the USA by June 12 2018 but China has 82 more supercomputers than the USA does. See The world’s fastest supercomputer is back in AmericaAnd also see This is how dramatically China’s beating the US in its share of supercomputers where it says“According to the latest Top 500 list, published Monday (June 25), China has 206 supercomputers and is leading the US by a record margin—82. The US has just 124 machines on the list, “a new low,” according to the statement accompanying the ranking. Just six months ago, China, with 202 of the top computers, was only ahead of the US by 59. Top 500 has been releasing the supercomputer ranking, compiled by prominent computer scientists, every six months since 1993.”7.3 The USA Is the Likely Loser, Whatever OccursPresident Trump appears to be trying to persuade the entire Anglosphere - the USA, Canada, The UK, Australia and the EU- to remain as a group of backward economies, staying with the slower 4G based communications while China and Asia adopt the much higher 5G standard. Of course Trump the Luddite does not know what he is doing nor understand the implications of what he does. The development of smart factories and cities requires smart politicians and Trump is not that.I do not wish to compare the likely results of an integrated 5G-based military technology operating at up to 20 times the speed of a 4G-based technology. But even the most approximate initial comparison indicates that the USA, as has happened since the manufacturing-industry-exporting Ronald Reagan, has failed to invest or participate not only in the development of 5G but also has failed to keep its key once-major industries within its borders and continually updated, and these events inevitably have significant military implications.The American Republican/Conservative preference for “Rule by, for and of the rich” produces a profound disdain for manufacturing, a neglect of the living standards of workers through Austerity, a rot of US roads and public services through “small government”, and a pathological culture in domestic and foreign relations. FDR was much better than that. Trump isn’t.8 Conclusions8.1 The Recent New Initiatives of Industrie4.0/Germany4.0 and Made In China 2025 are the inevitable next stage of factory and services production, based upon on-board Artificial Intelligence and Microchips/Internet of Things/5G Rapid Communications, involvIngthe integration of entire factory production processes through minimal inputs, much higher productivity, just-in-time subcomponent and delivery, to produce excellent mass produced but individually ordered products as specified and much elseThe creation of a fast intercommunicating 5G-based “human-thing” environment of driverless cars, pilotless aircraft, goods-serving personal-delivered education, health and other government services and entertainment services based upon superb quality VRLeading to a new highly advanced integrated goods-and-services providing economy in which the network of things provides an advanced living experienceTrump’s opposition to Made In China 2025 is very unlikely to slow down or stop its implementation8.2 The development of smart factories, smart cities and smart economies within a smarter environment is the inevitable next stage in the economic history of the world. It is unstoppable and inevitable and very helpful to the futures of Germany and China and perhaps in future in Europe and very probably in Asia.8.3 The USA needs to “get on board” and adopt these fresh industrial renewal processes and these policies and not to try to prevent progress in Germany and China. Or the USA could just politically accept the continuation of its trajectory of relative economic decline, which under current leadership seems inevitable. Alternatively, as a first step, the USA needs to study how rapid economic growth is financed in today’s world and adopt more people-serving policies. In my view there are hundreds, possibly thousands, of very capable American politicians, perhaps a majority of them women, who could reverse US economic decline. But that is unlikely to be a quick process.