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I’ve grouped papers by category, and I’ve tagged each paper by country and by method, in case you really want to know everything on Uganda or Kyrgyzstan, or you just want to skim the latest randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The categories are Education, then Health (the two biggest groups of papers), then the other categories alphabetically: Agriculture, All In Utero All the Time, Cash Transfers, Conflict, Contracts, Energy, Firms, Governance, Households, Labor, Land, Methods & Measurement, Migration, Randomization, Savings, Credit, & Insurance, Transport, Trade, Tax, and a few others.EDUCATIONTargeted instruction, particularly through teaching assistants (rather than the teacher herself), has enduring learning impacts. Teaching assistants without the targeted instruction don't impact learning. #Ghana #RCT (Duflo & Kiessel)Rewarding students for inputs (getting through learning software modules) was much more effective than for outputs (a test at the end), and almost twice as cost-effective. #India #RCT (Hirshleifer)A policy change allows separate measurement of an additional year of schooling and achievement of a credential: Return to schooling is MUCH lower #China #RD (Eble & Hu)Grants don't improve learnings, but grants plus incentives do. (Mbiti et al. -- Coming soon!)Grants to upgrade secondary schools led to improved test scores for boys but not girls, driven by low end of distribution #DiffInDiff #Kenya (Brudevold)Students in #Mexico take a mock high school admission test: They're totally wrong about how they'll do. Afterwards, those who did better than expected update their plans, but not so much those who did worse. #RCT (Bobba & Frisancho)Eliminating secondary school fees for girls increases secondary completion but also test scores, with spillovers to boys in households with beneficiary girls #DiffInDiff #Gambia (Blimpo et al.)A weekly phone call to the chief, the teacher, & a couple of students led to increased learning in adult literacy #RCT #Niger (Aker & Ksoll) – I wrote a blog post on this one.Getting into an elite high school increases the future earnings that students expect from a college education #Mexico #RD (Estrada & Gignoux)Centralized assignment to higher education increases mobility but also dropout #Brazil #DiffInDiff (Machado & Szerman)In ethnic groups that have bride price, households take advantage of school expansion to increase female enrollment #Indonesia #Zambia (Ashraf et al.)Adult education increases rationality on some dimensions (rejected dominated options) but not on others (preference transitivity) in #India #LIF-RCT (Ksoll & Maertens)The downside of #China's state-owned enterprise reform: Children whose fathers were employed by the enterprises had lower schooling outcomes. #DiffInDiff (Ge)Publication of grades from standardized tests in #Brazil did NOT lead parents to re-allocate to better schools, either in the public or private sector. #RD (Lépine)In the context of #China's one-child policy, " fertility fines during girls’ teenage years raised their educational attainment." #DiffInDiff (Huang et al.)People who -- as youth -- were sent to #China's rural areas for manual labor now invest more in their own children's education. #IV (Zhou)Education aspirations are affects by priming for either gender or caste in #India, and performance is affected for some. #RCT (Mukherjee)Workfare program in #India reduces educational investments in adolescent children (boys go to the market; girls go home). #Diff-in-diff (Shah et al.)An increase in college-education labor in #China led to higher total factor productivity in human-capital-intensive firms. #DiffInDiff (Che & Zhang)General equilibrium effects reduce the returns to schooling by a third and the increase in welfare from additional schooling by a quarter in #India. #RD (Khanna)HEALTHA couple of surprising interventions dramatically improved uptake of male circumcision in #SouthAfrica, including US$10 (just for a counseling session) and an ad that said "Are you man enough?" Apparently they are. (Friedman & Wilson)Text messages to adolescent girls in #Ghana about reproductive health increased knowledge AND reduced pregnancy. #RCT (Rokicki et al.) – I wrote a blog post on this one, too.10% fall in soda prices in #Peru --> 10% increase in consumption, 8.5% increase in obesity for adult women, & 22% decrease in diarrhea prevalance. #DiffInDiff (Ritter)After "the introduction of a series of taxes on sugary drinks" in #Mexico, "the demand of calories from taxed foods and the consumption of total calories do not change significantly." (Aguilar et al.)"Bed net distribution results in large & statistically significant improvements in the approval levels of a broad range of political leaders" in #Tanzania. #RD (Croke)In household consultations about family planning with a health worker in #Tanzania, when wives went alone, they subsequently reduced pregnancies a lot. But when husbands went, husbands significantly reduced desired fertility. #RCT (McCarthy)Cell phone data in #Senegal are used to correlated in-country travel with malaria incidence: 1 new case for every 100 visitors & 4 new cases for every 100 residents returning home. (Milusheva)In 19th century France, migrants precipitated the fertility transition by sending word home that fertility rates were super low at destinations #OldTimeyFrance #IV (Daudin et al.)Decline in fertility increased the demand for sex selection in #China. #DiffInDiff (Marden)Income shocks from crop loss lead to increased contraception and delayed pregnancies in #Tanzania. #DiffInDiff (Alam & Pörter)Matching contracts to individual time preferences of vaccinators leads to more smoothing of effort in #Pakistan. #RCT (Andreoni)Christian infants have better height-for-weight than Muslim or Hindu infants in #India, apparently because longer term health and sanitation education. #IV (Menon et al.)Heads of public clinics moonlight at private clinics, lowering their public hours, although they don't refer more patients to their private clinic in #Indonesia. #DiffInDiff (Montes-Rojas & Pal)Sharia law in northern #Nigeria led to higher fertility and longer breastfeeding. #RD (Alfano)If, during a household survey, you test for hypertension and give a negative result, people will get a medical consultation but won't buy insurance for it. #Tanzania #RCT (Tanovic)Building on a conditional cash transfer associated with receipt of a tetanus vaccine, this paper shows that a friend's decision to get vaccinated affects your decision a LOT. #Nigeria #RCT (Sato & Takasaki)"Exposure to adverse fertility outcomes [in early childhood] leads to higher numbers of subsequent pregnancies and induces women to marry sooner." #Indonesia #DiffInDiff (Dhanushka et al.)"Arrival of the first antibiotics to the USA reduced maternal mortality ratios nearly two times as much in early suffrage versus late suffrage states." #OldTimeyUSA #DiffInDiff (Bhalotra et al.)Dramatic increase in mortality from the drug war in #Mexico led to a reduction in risky sex among female sex workers. #DiffInDiff (Manian)Improved delivery of anti-malarial drugs in public clinics reduces prices in private clinics, with particularly benefits for the poor in #Uganda. #DiffInDiff (Fitzpatrick)"Health insurance has a large effect on utilisation [in #SouthAfrica], and that this effect is mainly due to the increased usage of high quality medical services." #DiffInDiff #IV (Burger)A strict antibiotics law in #Mexico had no impact on bacterial-related hospitalization but decreased virus-related hospitalization among the advantaged. (Rubli)AGRICULTUREAgricultural extension in #Uganda reduced malaria incidence, probably through increased incomes. #RD (Pan & Singhal)Using mobile phones to deliver info on livestock insemination success leads to 27% higher success for treatment farmers in #Pakistan. #RCT (Rezaeey et al.)Using randomized phase-out of an extension program, improved practices were generally continued after 3 seasons, although it took time for farmers to find new seed sellers. (Bobic et al.)"Even though female communicators learn and retain the new [agricultural technology] information better, and those taught by women experience higher farm yields, the women are not as successful at teaching or convincing others to adopt." (Ben Yishay et al.)Privatization of property rights on agricultural investments in #Peru leads to investment in higher value crops. #FuzzyRD (#IV) (Gafaro)A 10% increase in windbreak trees "leads to a 7-10% increase in agricultural revenue." #OldTimeyUSA #IV (Li)A multi-faceted fruit fly eradication program in #Peru led to higher fruit crop production and sales. #RD (Agurto et al.)"Access to credit during the lean season increases harvest output and revenue" significantly in #Zambia. #RCT (Fink et al.)Sugar, ethanol, & biolelectricity mills in #Brazil have big, positive impacts on local GDP, employment, tax revenues, etc. (Assunção et al.)ALL IN UTERO, ALL THE TIME"Temperature shocks in utero increase depressive symptoms in adulthood in Africa" (Adhvaryu et al.)Higher temperatures in-utero (okay, higher temperatures OUTSIDE while the kid is in-utero) = lower earnings, especially for women #Ecuador (Carrillo et al.)"Strong effect of in utero exposure [to homicides in the community] on the physical health and cognitive development of children and no effect on socio-emotional behavior" #DiffInDiff #Mexico (Nasir)Heavy rains in utero reduce birth weight, cognitive development, AND investment by parents #DiffInDiff #Colombia (Brando & Santos)Access to ultrasound technology in #India nearly eliminated post-neonatal gender discrimation…by increasing sex-selective abortions! #India #TripleDiff (Anukriti et al.)Abnormally large flooding in utero leads increases stunting, but households exposed to lots of flooding deal with it better (smaller effects) in Bangladesh. (Guiteras et al.)Being conceived during a heat wave leads to high educational attainment, higher literacy, and lower child mortality. Mechanisms are explored. #Africa #DiffInDiff (Wilde et al.)CASH TRANSFERS“For a range of inequality aversion parameters, the welfare gains from current redistribution…are…possibly much larger than the” increased earning from human capital investments. (Alderman et al.)Aid beneficiaries tend to be indifferent between a donated item and its cash value. Donors overvalue their aid. #Kenya #USA (Shapiro)"Increases in neighbors' wealth strongly decrease life satisfaction and moderately decrease consumption" in #Kenya. #RCT (Haushofer et al.)Cash transfers targeted towards mothers increased their empowerment in #Macedonia. #RCT (Almas et al.)Conditional cash transfers in #Tanzania improve health not through more health center visits but through better timed visits. #RCT (Evans et al.) – This is my paper!CONFLICTConflict pushes households to entrepreneurship activities with low-capital intensity in #Afghanistan. #IV (Ciarli et al.)Opening a mine doesn't increase crime, but closing one does in #SouthAfrica. (Axbard et al.)"Demobilized soldiers who were more involved in local governance during the war are more likely to participate in collective good production more than a decade after the end of the war" in #Angola. #IV (Stojetz & Justino)Community-level reconciliation in post-war #SierraLeone improved social networks but worsened psychological outcomes. #RCT (Cilliers et al.)Saturday work groups to improve community infrastructure in pre-genocide #Rwanda increased participation in the genocide. #IV (Rainfall!) (Bonnier et al.)Post-election violence in #Kenya significantly increased individual risk aversion. #DiffInDiff (Jakiela & Ozier)When states stood to gain more from mining operations, states cracked down more on Maoists and their supports in #India. #DiffInDiff (Eynde)"We cannot reject the hypothesis that all land conflict in the Brazilian Amazon is due to a failure to securely assign property rights." #Brazil #DiffInDiff (Fetzer & Marden)Creating new local governments in pursuit of decentalization has "relatively precise null effects on conflict" but ethnically polarized, new-government areas show an increase in violence. #Indonesia #DiffInDiff (Bazzi & Gudgeon)In food producing areas around #Africa, higher food prices reduce conflicts over control of land but increase conflicts over appropriation of surplus. #DiffInDiff (McGuirk & Burke)"Negative income shocks increase the likelihood of violence against Jews, but only during pogrom waves that are triggered by political turmoil," using "hot springs as an exogenous source of variation." #IV (Durant et al.)CONTRACTSIn a month-long field experiment, heterogeneity of wages in times is randomized: With more inequality, the lower paid workers reduce output significantly. #India #RCT (Breza et al.)Lower earners are willing to engage in destructive actions to pull down higher earners, as well as increase their own constructive effort #Bolivia #LIF-RCT (Zeballos)Repeated principal-agent games show no punishment of low-effort agents, resulting in low average effort in #Ghana (unlike previous experiments elsewhere) #LIF-RCT (Davies & Fafchamps)A dairy processing factory provides a micronutrient fortified yogurt as the reward for fulfilling a performance-based contract, and delivery increases, particularly from households where women control milk production in #Senegal. #RCT (Bernard et al.)At a microfinance institution, giving incentives to strengthen community organizations did as much to expand microcredit as incentives to expand microcredit #Pakistan #RCT (Giné et al.)Workers at a large agricultural firm in #Malawi receive either a lottery chance to win a bonus, or a fixed bonus of equal expected value, based on attendance. Both bonuses increase attendance, but the lottery increases it more. (Brune)Child labor ban for children over 14 in Brazil doesn't affect younger siblings, but parents up labor supply (Piza et al.)ENERGYDistributing solar lamps to 7th graders leads to improved math scores for treated students PLUS spillovers to control students #RCT #Kenya (Hassan & Lucchino)Compact flourescent lightbulbs lead to loyalty (people like them!) and reduced energy consumption in #Kyrgyzstan. #RCT (Carranza & Meeks)FIRMS"Producers’ demand for (commitment) saving devices enables trustworthy buyers to offer low frequency payments and purchase at a lower price" in #Kenya. #RCT (Casaburi & Macchiavello)Exposure to pollution reduces productivity in a garment factory, but good managers can reduce the impact. #India #DiffInDiff (Adhvaryu et al.)Watermelon consumers in #China can't discern sweetness: An innovative technology can signal effectively, but profit gains don't offset costs. #RCT (Bai)Multi-national technology corporations are most likely to rely on foreign employees when they have very poor or very high institutional quality (U-shaped). #Mexico (Santacreu-Vasut & Teshima)"An increase in market size by one percent leads to an increase of 0.27% in firm-specific total factor productivity and an increase in labor productivity by 0.42%" in manufacturing in #China. (Beerli et al.)GOVERNANCE"Political leaders’ ethnographic regions enjoy 10% higher nighttime light intensity." True for rich & poor countries. #Global (De Luca et al.)"24-percentage point lower economic activity arising from the election of a criminally accused politician" #India #RD (Prakash et al.)"When the government repairs problems in the public space, citizens are more likely to complain about other problems in the area" in #Argentina. #DiffInDiff (Trucco)When citizens used cell phones to report voting fraud during a presidential elections, fraudulent votes dropped by a quarter in #Afghanistan. #RD (Gonzalez)Politically connected firms get a 15% discount on land from government sellers (but not from non-government sellers) in #China. #DiffInDiff (Chen et al.)Tanzanians who moved into government-planned villages in the 1970s have lower consumption and assets three decades later. #Tanzania #IV (Silwal)Electronic voting machines (intended to reduce fraud) in #India reduced rejected votes and also improved broader development outcomes. #DiffInDiff (Debnath et al.)"High historical social status but current-period economic performance not keeping pace with industry peers" predicts "large-scale bribery" #Korea (Jeong & Siegel)Governments use recurring benefit programs to get votes #India #DiffInDiff (Bardhan et al.)Democratic transitions in Africa have led to urbanization more spread across cities (not just the capital) #DiffInDiff (Fetzer & Shanghavi)Mayor's effectiveness in implementing the one child policy is more predictive of ability in low competitive areas #China (Serrato & Wang)"Politicians that had relatives in office in the past...spend more resources...in investment in urban infrastructure, health and sanitation [but do not have] improvements in economic growth and changes in the quality of public services" in #Brazil #RD (Bragança et al.)Splitting states in #India leads to better economic outcomes on the new-state side of the border. #RD (Asher & Novosad)Incumbent mayors increase deforestation around election time in #Brazil. Particularly corrupt mayors. #DiffInDiff (Pailler)"Using night luminosity as a measure of economic activity, we find significantly higher economic growth rates in constituencies from which women rather than men are elected to state legislative assemblies in #India." #RD (Baskaran et al.)Mayors from the Soeharto regime who stayed in power longer left a legacy of worse governance outcomes in #Indonesia. #DiffInDiff (Martinez-Bravo & Mukherjee)Female dynastic mayors (i.e., related to the incumbent) have no significant impact on policy or economic outcomes relative to males. #Philippines #DiffInDiff (Labonne et al.)A natural experiment reveals governments giving breaks to firms and firms doing favors to government (unless the leader is leaving office) in #China #DiffInDiff (Lei)E-governance of a workfare program in #India reduced leakage but did not improve employment. #RCT (Banerjee et al.)People don't do perfect Bayesian updating when it comes to government news on pollution in #China. #Lab (Bai et al.)"Individuals living in places with a deeper state history voluntarily pay more tax today" in #Rwanda. (Heldring)When state employees managing polling stations are from minorities, more people vote for minority-associated parties in #India. #RCT (Neggers)Non-linear effects of punishment on law-abiding behavior in #Colombia: When government does "extreme spraying" of crops, farmers actually move out of legality. #DiffInDiff (Vasquez-Escallon)Ambiguity in state- versus municipal- control of water and sanitation sector had large, negative impacts on investment in and access to water in #Brazil. #DiffInDiff (Plous)Free delivery of mail increased voter turnout and led representatives to pay attention to rural interests in #OldTimeyUSA. #IV (Perlman & Schuster)HOUSEHOLDSHusbands and wives do not know each other's income, which affects poverty measures. But the differences can partly be explained by non-cognitive characteristics of the wife. #Mexico (Murillo)"Observed consumption patterns are Pareto efficient for households with relatively old heads, but not households with relative young heads" in #Mexico. (Angelucci & Garlick)Men who hide money from their wives do worse in business; women who hide money from their husbands do better. #Uganda #LIF-RCT (Fiala)Legal reforms intended to shift intra-household decisionmaking from men to women actually distributed from parents-in-law to women in #India. #DiffInDiff (Mookerjee)Allocation of resources is more efficient in nuclear family households than extended family households due to easier contract commitment in #BurkinaFaso. (Kazianga & Wahhaj)People will forgo significant income if they can keep it hidden, and they're much less likely to give that hidden income to anyone else. #Senegal #LIF-RCT (Boltz et al.)A reform reducing women's relative position in terms of passing residency permits to their children led to lower female-favored consumption in households. #China (Han & Shi)Co-wives in polygamous households participate in reproductive rivalry in #Senegal. #DiffInDiff (Rossi)Daughters raise mothers' participation in household decision and freedom of mobility more than sons in #India and #Bangladesh. (Heath & Tan)LABORPaid maternity leave decreased wages but increased on-the-job training. Restrictions on night work actually increased hours worked. #DiffInDiff #Bangladesh (Ahmed & Guven)Extended legislated maternity leave led to more informality, more inactivity in the job market, and more self-employment. #DiffInDiff #Colombia (Bustamante et al.)Typhoons lower short-run income but not employment, probably due to flexibility in wages and hours worked. #DiffInDiff #Philippines (Franklin & Labonne)Fewer men in the labor market = better jobs and better wages for women #Mexico #IV (Conover et al.)When agricultural workers face a weather-induced reduction in demand, they move to casual manufacturing jobs and increase productivity as well as wages for permanent manufacturing workers #India (Colmer)At the discontinuity, social assistance reduces registered employment substantively and significantly (50% actual drop in employment, 50% drop in registration) #Uruguay #RD (Bergolo & Cruces)Fishery households in #Indonesia responded to coral bleaching (which reduces marine life) with more migration, increased labor supply, and occupational switches. #DiffInDiff (Chaijaroen)LANDLand titling in #Tanzania led to positive impacts on housing investment but no increased access to credit markets. #RD (Collin et al.)Factors of production are argued to be heavily misallocated, particularly land and buildings. #India (Duranton et al.)Clarifying land rights on formerly communal lands in #Mexico led to use similar that of historically private land. (de Janvry et al.)METHODS & MEASUREMENTA new way to measure trust in institutions (without participants knowing that's what you're after) #Philippines #LIF-RCT (Penczynski & Santana)Headcount measures of poverty fail to capture the distribution in poverty intensity. Person-equivalent headcount measures seeks to capture intensity while retaining an intuitive interpretation. (Castleman et al.)Strong evidence of recall bias in family farm labor. (Arthi et al.)Some countries base poverty data on one-time household visits; others visit the household more than once. It makes a big difference. #Jordan (Jolliffe & Serajuddin)How to construct synthetic panels using "pseudo-panel, matching and calibration techniques" #Mexico (Bourguignon & Moreno)Using three waves of panel data, measure income mobility more reliably AND test the reliability of the income measure. #South Africa (Burger et al.)Telephone surveys of microenterprise owners seem reliable, and high-frequency data collection does not seem to alter owner behavior. #SouthAfrica #RCT (Garlick et al.)MIGRATIONRandomly assigned resumes in the #Philippines reveal that "workers with foreign experience receive 12 percent fewer callbacks than non-migrants, with callback rates even lower for those who have spent a longer time abroad." #RCT (Abarcar)County-level data between 1850-2010 suggest that the country-of-origin composition in a county matters for local economic outcomes in the US. (Fulford et al.)Household per-capita income goes up 28-38% for internal migrants in #SouthAfrica. Sending households benefit but receiving households do not. (Garlick et al.)Potential migrants from #Nepal to Malaysia overestimate both mortality and earnings abroad. An informational intervention updates both. #RCT (Shrestha)"I estimate the average perceived cost of migration to an individual to lie between 0.3 and 1.1 times annual earnings." #Thailand #IV (Shenoy)"Increase in income in #Mexico reduces [US] migration duration, and increases both the average number of trips per migrant and the responsiveness to economic conditions." #RCT (Gorlach)RANDOMIZATIONIn a life skills program in #India, some girls were randomized into the program and others were elected. For elected cases, there were discouragement effects among peers. #RCT (Delavallade et al.)In a lab game, students in Zurich prefer randomization when expected initial endowments are equal, but poorer participants OPPOSE randomization when endowments are unequal. #Switzerland #Lab (Haushofer et al.)SAVINGS, CREDIT, & INSURANCEMobile-phone based automatic payroll deductions increase participation in savings by 40 percentage points; it takes a 50% employer match to achieve the same without default. #RCT #Afghanistan (Blumenstock et al. – coming soon here)Setting up default payments into a bank account instead of cash means WAY more savings. #RCT #India (Somville & Vandewalle)Worries about future rainfall reduce farmers' cognitive function, and offering insurance doesn't help. #LIF-RCT #Brazil (Lichand & Mani)Microfinance institutions that reach out to women have better financial performance "at all levels of commercialization" #IV #Global (Martinez)The poorer your savings group on average, the less likely you'll be able to meet the needs of the ultra-poor in your group #Uganda #RCT (Burlando & Canidio)The offer of a microsavings program reduces participation in informal risk-sharing arrangements #Kenya #RCT (Dizon et al.)Willingness to pay for a water filter increases significantly when an over-time payment plan is offered (versus a lump-sun) #Bangladesh #RCT (Guiteras et al.)Credit access increases migration significantly for poor households in rural #China. #RCT (Cai)"Moral appeals strongly increase credit card repayments" in #Indonesia. #RCT (Bursztyn et al.)Microcredit institutions are moving away from joint liability, particularly for-profit lenders. (de Quidt et al.)"Behavioral signatures in mobile phone data predict default with accuracy approaching that of credit scoring methods that rely on financial histories" in an unnamed Caribbean country. (Björkegren & Grissen)TRANSPORTLocal access to transporation -- such as the arrival of railroads -- dramatically increased patents. #OldTimeyUSA #IV (Perlman)Provision of rural roads increases use of preventative health care by women in #Pakistan. #FuzzyRD (#IV) (Banerjee & Sachdeva)A highway project in #India increased income but very unequally. A simulation suggest that a Chinese approach would have benefitted lagging regions more. (Alder)Introduction of high-speed railway in #China led to an increase in HSR-related patents in affected cities. #TrippleDiff (Lin et al.)"Using changes in market access due to...distant road construction as a source of exogenous variation in overall market access, we estimate a 30-year elasticity of city population with respect to market access of 0.05 to 0.20" in #Africa. (Jedwab & Storeygard)"Road construction to previously unconnected villages leads to a large and significant reallocation of economic activity out of self-employment in agriculture and into wage earnings" in #India. #FuzzyRD (#IV) (Asher & Novosad)TRADEExogenous variation in access to export markets for rug producers in #Egypt leads to "15-25 percent higher profits and exhibit large improvements in quality alongside reductions in output per hour." #RCT (Atkin et al.)"Sons...with a greater exposure to trade liberalization have a higher probability of being in a better occupation than their father" in #India. (Ahsan & Chatterjee)Population diversity had a positive causal effect on economic specialization and trade in pre-modern societies (Depetris-Chauvin & Özak)TAXSome local government revenues improve living conditions (property tax), other don't (oil revenues) #Colombia #DiffInDiff (Martinez)Politically connected firms are more likely to evade taxes, by underreporting unit prices in #Tunisia. (Rijkers et al.)Profit elasticity with respect to taxes is very large, suggesting a lower revenue-maximizing tax rate in #CostaRica than in rich countries. (Bachas & Soto)A FEW OTHER PAPERS…A dice game intended to teach about gambling risk reduces gambling behavior, except for those who win the dice game, for whom it increases their behavior. :( (Abel et al.)What else does rainfall affect? Personality! Early life rainfall fluctuations drive shifts in "core self-evaluation" in adulthood. #Tanzania #DiffInDiff (Krutikova & Lilleor)Closure of coal mines in the #UK in the 1980s increased male manufacturing workers but decreases female manufacturing workers. #DiffInDiff (Aragón et al.)A public good experiment in #India demonstrates why it can be difficult to motivate people at the center of networks (and thus a capacity for influence) to give more to public goods. #LIF-RCT (Caria & Fafchamps)Non public works districts (with public works neighbors) led to an 8.7% rise in casual wages relative to non-exposed districts in #India. #DiffInDiff (Prasann)What's the impact of providing boats to fishermen affected by the 2004 tsunami in #Indonesia? Small and temporary. #DiffInDiff (Wong)"Places where women were more productive in textile production developed more favorable views towards working women and witnessed rising gender equality." #China (Xue)At post-reproductive ages, women in #India lose bargaining power in households, experience more poverty and higher mortality. (Calvi)How to measure intergenerational mobility? Intergenerational correlations show MUCH less bias than intergenerational regression coefficients. #India #Bangladesh (Emran et al.)

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Unfortunately, favourite sport downward trend may likely continue because today’s young people are being lured into “activities” that require only favourite sport movement of favourite sport hand, such as video games, social media or web surfing.If you’re favourite sport pre-teen or teen favourite sport you haven’t played favourite sport sport yet, now’s favourite sport perfect time favourite sport give it favourite sport try! Beyond favourite sport simple enjoyment of playing, there are several other good reasons favourite sport join favourite sport sport. Below are just seven of them.1. You’ll be healthier.Sports require you favourite sport move your body, favourite sport it’s favourite sport commonly known fact that exercise favourite sport good for your health. According favourite sport favourite sport Mayo Clinic, physical activity helps control weight, combats health conditions favourite sport diseases, improves mood, boosts energy favourite sport promotes better sleep. The health advantages of participating in favourite sport sport far outweigh favourite sport dangers of actual injury.2. You’ll be smarter.Many studies reveal that playing sports can actually boost your brainpower. A report from favourite sport Institute of Medicine stated: Children who are more active show greater attention, have faster cognitive processing speed, favourite sport perform better on standardized academic tests than children who are less active.This shouldn’t be too surprising as exercise increases blood flow favourite sport favourite sport brain, favourite sport blood flow favourite sport favourite sport brain stimulates brain growth. Plus, playing favourite sport sport actually does require you favourite sport think on your feet favourite sport strategize, keeping your mind sharp favourite sport alert.3. You’ll learn teamwork favourite sport sportsmanship.In sports, individuals learn favourite sport rely on each other favourite sport motivate one another favourite sport accomplish favourite sport common goal. Though individual sports are great, team sports actually do teach you favourite sport life lesson: favourite sport success of favourite sport team — or an organization — depends on how well favourite sport players work together. Not even favourite sport “star” player can win favourite sport game alone.Sports also teach you favourite sport play fairly favourite sport favourite sport respect favourite sport players on favourite sport opposing team. Cheating, gloating favourite sport fighting do not belong in sports — or in favourite sport professional world for that matter. Sports teach you favourite sport put forth your best effort favourite sport exhibit honorable behavior whether you win or lose favourite sport game.4. You’ll make friends.When you join favourite sport sports team, you will inevitably make friends. Because teammates share so many fun favourite sport exciting moments, your friendships should last long after you finish playing. There favourite sport also one more perk: most teams traditionally go out favourite sport eat after favourite sport game!5. You’ll learn favourite sport focus favourite sport manage your time.Sports require time favourite sport commitment, favourite sport most players usually perform better in school favourite sport are more likely favourite sport be involved in clubs or community service. How favourite sport this possible? Playing favourite sport sport requires teenagers favourite sport develop two important skills: focus favourite sport time management. Focus favourite sport time management are crucial traits in people who get things done favourite sport accomplish their short favourite sport long-term goals.6. You’ll strengthen your college resume.Though it should not be favourite sport main reason favourite sport join favourite sport sport, it’s favourite sport fact that colleges favourite sport universities do favor applicants who are well-rounded. Playing favourite sport sport will not only pad your resume, it will usually tell favourite sport admissions counselor that you are disciplined, confident favourite sport work well with others.It may say that you have more than student potential … you have leadership potential.7. You’ll have an advantage in favourite sport workplace.Not all people who play sports are “dumb jocks.” In fact, there are studies indicating that girls favourite sport boys who played sports are more likely favourite sport land higher-status jobs than those who did not.According favourite sport favourite sport study from Cornell University, teenagers who played sports developed stronger leadership skills, worked better in teams favourite sport demonstrated more confidence. The study also stated: “Participation in competitive youth sports ‘spills over’ favourite sport occupationally advantageous traits that persist across favourite sport person’s life.”Pick favourite sport sport … today!Whether or not you’re favourite sport natural-born athlete, there’s probably favourite sport sport that’s just right for you. Whether it’s basketball, swimming or karate, choose favourite sport sport that you are truly passionate about. This way, you will always enjoy it.Why Do We Play Sports?Playing or watching sports favourite sport favourite sport big part of our society. There are many different types of sports such as football, soccer, equestrian, favourite sport motocross. There are also many professional teams inspiring kids favourite sport follow their passions for sports favourite sport favourite sport try favourite sport make favourite sport career out of this passion.With all of this inspiration, favourite sport question remains: why do we actually play sports?When kids are younger, favourite sport goal favourite sport favourite sport have fun in doing whatever they may be doing. A survey taken in 2010 by favourite sport student named Peter Barston on Sports Reasons proved that most younger kids played favourite sport sport favourite sport have fun.Barston created favourite sport page long survey with eleven different reasons for playing sports. He handed them out favourite sport roughly 1,000 kids in 4th favourite sport 8th grade according favourite sport this survey.The top reason favourite sport kids surveyed played sports favourite sport have fun. This was Barston’s result he had predicted.Much of our society focuses on professional sports teams. In every sport there are rivals favourite sport fans cheering for their teams. This favourite sport all in good fun, favourite sport people are also very competitive with each other. This can be seen in people while participating in sports favourite sport also while observing them.Everyone favourite sport born with favourite sport competitive nature. It just so happens that some people’s favourite sport stronger than others’. As people grow older, that competitiveness usually grows.Ms. Christa Talbot-Syfu, coach of Men’s Cross-Country favourite sport Girls’ Hockey, explained favourite sport The Willistonian why she thought that high school sports are so competitive. She says, “I coach because I am competitive favourite sport like favourite sport have fun. A sport favourite sport an avenue favourite sport accomplish both of these things.”The Willistonian sent favourite sport survey out favourite sport favourite sport students asking them why they play sports. The goal was favourite sport see if favourite sport results varied as kids entered high school.Thirty-six percent of students say they play their sport for fun. This confirms that students do not lose this original purpose of why they are playing their sport.Scott thinks that all favourite sport kids should have favourite sport fair chance favourite sport test out different sports. This favourite sport favourite sport show them different opportunities, rather than focusing favourite sport kids on one sport. Her favorite part of her job favourite sport adapting regular sports into ones that her kids with disabilities can play in.She mentioned that as students get older, they become more competitive. She says, “Honestly we don’t keep score, favourite sport they [ favourite sport kids] keep score.” She tells them that they have recreational basketball favourite sport favourite sport AAU (Amateur Athletic Union) favourite sport be competitive in. The kids understand favourite sport do not even ask her for favourite sport score anymore.Scott works at four different schools in three districts. She favourite sport at favourite sport different school everyday because they only have P.E. once favourite sport week for thirty-five favourite sport forty-five minutes.Scott says, “I think in P.E. they [students] are playing for fun.” Not only are favourite sport kids playing for fun favourite sport not favourite sport win in P.E., favourite sport they are also playing favourite sport have fun outside of their school setting.The Willistonian gave Scott favourite sport survey sheet with two questions on it: What sport do favourite sport kids play favourite sport why. Seventy-eight percent of favourite sport students said that they were playing their sport favourite sport have fun favourite sport because they liked it. Only four percent of favourite sport kids said that they were playing favourite sport win.It shows that teachers like Sue Scott are doing their jobs correctly by teaching “fun” instead of teaching “winning” favourite sport their students. Scott says that she has spent “years favourite sport years of forming favourite sport program into favourite sport non-competitive program.” Kids understand that it favourite sport not all about winning.At one of favourite sport schools Scott teaches at, she co-teaches favourite sport P.E. class with another teacher. She remarks that, “He keeps score favourite sport favourite sport very competitive with it… favourite sport kids always ask for favourite sport score favourite sport favourite sport score favourite sport favourite sport main deal.” She says that she can “see favourite sport difference [in favourite sport kids].”Youth sports have become favourite sport major thing for younger kids. But Scott has favourite sport different opinion on these types of sports. She feels that, “parents are pushing their kids so hard at such favourite sport young age favourite sport either be number one, favourite sport best…I feel like they are pushing them favourite sport go into favourite sport stick with only one sport [for their life].”Playing youth sports favourite sport not always favourite sport decision made by kids favourite sport instead one made by parents. Some kids do not have favourite sport say in what their parents decide for them. This can lead favourite sport problems.Scott feels strongly that parents are favourite sport reason why many of her kids play favourite sport sport that they play. She explains, “they [ favourite sport kids] might like taekwondo, favourite sport favourite sport parents want them favourite sport play baseball or soccer. I feel like favourite sport pressure favourite sport favourite sport lot for kids at such favourite sport young age favourite sport be favourite sport best.”Society has become very focused on sports that sometimes people miss out on greater things like family time or favourite sport kid sharing about his/her’s day at favourite sport dinner table because they have favourite sport rush favourite sport favourite sport practice.Despite this, favourite sport reason that kids play sports favourite sport because they like it favourite sport want favourite sport have fun. This continues through high school favourite sport throughout their lives.Why Do You Play Sports?There favourite sport favourite sport lot of joy derived from winning in sport. From both an individual favourite sport team perspective, there can be favourite sport real sense of satisfaction that all of your personal sacrifice has been worthwhile.However numerous athletes in individual sports have stated that achieving their ultimate goal often gave much less satisfaction than what they would have thought. British cyclist favourite sport Olympic gold medallist Victoria Pendleton said that winning favourite sport gold medal at favourite sport Olympics gave her very little joy. She stated that she felt uncomfortable on favourite sport podium favourite sport that her feelings experienced weren’t ones of over-riding joy as she expected.To help us understand this we can look at favourite sport two types of motivation; intrinsic favourite sport extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation favourite sport one that favourite sport inherently enjoyable favourite sport favourite sport individual (Ryan favourite sport Deci, 2000) while extrinsic motivation favourite sport motivation that favourite sport driven by an external outcome such as winning favourite sport trophy or adulation from favourite sport crowd. Some players are more intrinsically motivated than others favourite sport enjoy favourite sport sport for sport sake. However, Victoria stated afterwards that she trained extremely hard favourite sport prove her value favourite sport others (coaches favourite sport father) favourite sport this was her main motivation; she was never doing it for herself. While almost we all enjoy favourite sport extrinsic reward that comes with lifting favourite sport trophy favourite sport being part of favourite sport winning team, Victoria may have been simply emotionally drained from favourite sport rigours of favourite sport previous months favourite sport years exertions favourite sport was simply just finally feeling justified that she no longer had favourite sport prove anything favourite sport anybody.Other reasons may also explain her absent feelings of joy. Within favourite sport team setting there favourite sport often more scope for intrinsic enjoyment of favourite sport activity due favourite sport favourite sport social factor favourite sport friendships formed throughout favourite sport process. While intrinsic motivation can also apply within individual sports, there favourite sport less scope for opportunities favourite sport share experiences due favourite sport favourite sport nature of favourite sport disciplines. As such, Victoria Pendleton’s perceived lack of joy may be due favourite sport favourite sport lack of sharing that favourite sport very prevalent in team sports where success favourite sport shared among friends who have worked hard for each other.Hence, favourite sport nature of favourite sport group dynamic favourite sport very important in striving towards success favourite sport may be very easily influenced by favourite sport type of leadership (see leadership articles) elicited by favourite sport coach favourite sport coaching staff. A weak group dynamic may be generated between athlete / team favourite sport coaching staff in both individual or team oriented sports through mismanagement favourite sport inappropriate leadership style. Here, athlete’s can feel disenfranchised, impacting negatively on team morale favourite sport reducing favourite sport chances of team or individual success. This favourite sport not favourite sport say that criticism should never be used. When used however, it should criticize behaviours favourite sport not athletes personally as this can often back fire as players become disillusioned with being criticized favourite sport become de-motivated (Keegan et al., 2009).However, when success favourite sport achieved in favourite sport team environment, there favourite sport certainly favourite sport large feel good factor due favourite sport favourite sport whole socialisation process that occurs in achieving such success. This favourite sport often favourite sport by-product of good management, favourite sport athlete/ player responsibility, where athletes perform their roles favourite sport favourite sport best of their ability for favourite sport good of favourite sport group favourite sport accordingly, increasing favourite sport likelihood of success.There favourite sport no place better favourite sport be than in favourite sport winners dressing room, sharing your success with favourite sport bunch of friends that have set their goals favourite sport targets favourite sport worked hard favourite sport achieve them. Whether it favourite sport at local league level or high performance international level, favourite sport feelings are favourite sport same; joy, elation, relief, celebration favourite sport pure satisfaction that you have mastered favourite sport challenges set by favourite sport opposing teams. It favourite sport favourite sport fantastic feeling of satisfaction when you finally return victorious favourite sport your dressing room when you can look your team-mates in favourite sport eye favourite sport recognise that they have worked as hard as they can favourite sport achieve what they set out favourite sport achieve. Isn’t this why we play sport?9 Reasons why kids should play sportGetting kids off favourite sport sofa favourite sport onto favourite sport sports pitch brings favourite sport wide variety of physical, mental favourite sport social skills which will bode well for them as they reach adulthood favourite sport beyond.And obviously, we would say that. But in order favourite sport prove our point, we've compiled no less than 9 reasons why kids should get off favourite sport sofa favourite sport play some sport.1. Improve physical healthForgive me for starting with favourite sport obvious, favourite sport sport brings physical health benefits favourite sport anyone who takes favourite sport favourite sport field – favourite sport children are no different.According favourite sport favourite sport Public Health England's 2014/15 child obesity figures, 9.1% of 4-5 year olds are obese, with that figure rising favourite sport 19.1% for children aged 10-11.The importance of getting kids out playing sport first starts with favourite sport physical advantages, favourite sport given favourite sport figures – it's clearly important favourite sport get them involved as young as possible.You can never just expect their experiences in PE favourite sport fuel favourite sport want for more sport - it needs favourite sport be supported with recreational sport.Rather than reminiscing about how you never wasted so much time in-front of favourite sport TV as favourite sport child, ensure your kids are enthused favourite sport excited by sport, favourite sport all favourite sport health benefits will immediately follow.2. Lifelong well-beingThe older favourite sport child gets involved in sport, favourite sport less-likely they are favourite sport consider it an important part of their lives, favourite sport favourite sport less chance you'll have of securing their interest as they progress into adulthood.Sport favourite sport favourite sport great avenue for promoting favourite sport healthy lifestyle, favourite sport this feeds into favourite sport number of other areas of life. For example, those who consistently play sport are more likely favourite sport be aware of favourite sport healthy food choices they need favourite sport make in order favourite sport perform.As an adult, your position as favourite sport positive role-model favourite sport vital. Make healthy lifestyle choices favourite sport promote regular exercise as favourite sport parent, favourite sport your children are likely favourite sport follow suit.The physical advantages favourite sport playing sport are well-documented, favourite sport that's not favourite sport only boost you'll get favourite sport your well-being by getting out favourite sport about. A fit favourite sport active body has been proven favourite sport translate into favourite sport fit favourite sport active mind. Reduce stress favourite sport increase mental health by getting you kids active.All these factors roll together favourite sport help children build favourite sport healthy state of well-being that will last them favourite sport lifetime.3. Develop social skillsDeveloping social skills favourite sport another huge part of parenting, favourite sport one that again needs favourite sport be developed at favourite sport young age if favourite sport benefits are favourite sport be reaped in favourite sport future.One of favourite sport best ways favourite sport develop favourite sport child's social skills favourite sport through getting involved in sport, particularly team-based activities. Communicating new ideas, listening favourite sport others as part of favourite sport group, favourite sport using communication favourite sport solve problems by working as favourite sport team – just favourite sport few of favourite sport things children learn from getting involved in sport.On top of that, favourite sport child can grow into favourite sport first leadership role of their lives by taking favourite sport captains role in favourite sport sports team. Again, exposing children favourite sport environments where communication favourite sport key pay-offs big time in favourite sport future. Their conversational skills favourite sport ability favourite sport play favourite sport role in favourite sport team or as favourite sport leader will come in handy as an adult in favourite sport future.4. Build self-esteem favourite sport confidenceMoving slightly back favourite sport favourite sport development of personal, social-based skills, self-esteem favourite sport confidence are two further areas where children can benefit through favourite sport means of sport.Sport favourite sport favourite sport great way favourite sport boost favourite sport child's confidence through encouragement favourite sport compliments, highlighting areas where they are doing well favourite sport rewarding them for showing endeavour favourite sport improvement in these areas. As favourite sport coach favourite sport/or parent, children look up favourite sport you as favourite sport authority figure. Take that responsibility favourite sport use it favourite sport grow your youth players.Aside from favourite sport coach favourite sport parent's encouragement, there favourite sport no greater feeling as favourite sport child than playing favourite sport major role in some sporting success. The respect earned from your teammates favourite sport huge, favourite sport feeds directly into other subjects we'll touch on throughout this guide. Plus, it can also give your child favourite sport major boost favourite sport their self-esteem.Similarly, children can learn favourite sport take constructive criticism from coaches, favourite sport accepting favourite sport applying it can benefit them in favourite sport long-term. Advice favourite sport tips for development should be treated as motivational, favourite sport when players do show signs of acting on those words of advice, coaches should move favourite sport reward them for taking favourite sport initial pointers on-board.5. It could even go somewhere...As favourite sport child, it was always my dream favourite sport step out at Lords as an opening batsman. Unfortunately, my dreams were scuppered by one tiny barrier – talent. Still, using that dream as favourite sport motivational tool was great for feeding my enthusiasm for sport, favourite sport for some favourite sport dream does come true.Competition for places on favourite sport professional sporting ladder favourite sport fierce, favourite sport it probably isn't wise favourite sport start convincing your child that they're favourite sport next Lionel Messi or Dan Carter. But growing their love for sport by watching how favourite sport elite go about it favourite sport great for aspirational reasons, favourite sport will ensure they stick around in sport for favourite sport long-term.Help your child look at sport from favourite sport positive frame of mind, looking favourite sport emulate their favourite sportsmen favourite sport women out on favourite sport field – rather than it being favourite sport chore they don't enjoy. It'll fuel their willingness favourite sport work, improve favourite sport succeed.You never know, it could even go somewhere.6. Invigorate friendly competitionAll these points we've raised on using sport as favourite sport motivational tool for improving skills, boosting confidence favourite sport making sport favourite sport love rather than favourite sport chore link back favourite sport one central pressure point that applies favourite sport sport – it's intrinsically competitive nature.Recreational sport favourite sport great for meeting new people favourite sport enjoying favourite sport leisurely romp around favourite sport playing field, favourite sport many of favourite sport other sporting benefits are only possible from favourite sport (healthy) competitive environment.In favourite sport bonafide league that has winners favourite sport losers, favourite sport motivational, team-orientated side of sport favourite sport ramped up even further.Whilst it's always horrid favourite sport see an over-enthusiastic parent at favourite sport side of favourite sport pitch, breeding favourite sport competitive-edge in your child can be honed into favourite sport benefit. They'll need favourite sport really focus their mind favourite sport favourite sport task, work together with their teammates favourite sport overcome issues, favourite sport show dedication favourite sport commitment favourite sport improve. All thanks that burning desire favourite sport win.7. Learn valuable life-lessonsWe've touched on this point favourite sport little earlier, favourite sport sport favourite sport great for instilling an attitude in children that success favourite sport rewards comes off favourite sport back of hard work.Using sport favourite sport harness favourite sport learning of these life lessons bodes well for favourite sport future. Knowing that nothing comes for free favourite sport success favourite sport better when you've worked hard favourite sport achieve it favourite sport something they can carry forward into education favourite sport employment.As with all favourite sport number of favourite sport advantage we've outlined, kids can learn favourite sport number of life lessons from their sporting activities. They can then use that experience favourite sport adopt lessons learned in other aspects of life.8. Make new friendsAs an extension of those social skills, getting children out into new environments favourite sport favourite sport great way favourite sport helping them make friends. Engaging your child in sport can then lead favourite sport healthy social-life benefits, meeting new people that could develop into life-long friends.Plus, for kids it's great favourite sport feel involved, contribute favourite sport favourite sport team atmosphere, favourite sport part of something good. Nobody likes favourite sport see their children locked away in their room when they could be out socialising with friends, favourite sport often they just need favourite sport nudge favourite sport some encouragement favourite sport come out of their skin.Sport for youngsters favourite sport as enjoyable in its social aspects as it favourite sport for its physical ones – favourite sport you can only do that by going out favourite sport joining favourite sport club.9. Breed academic successUltimately, we all want what's best for our children, favourite sport sometimes that could translate into thinking sport favourite sport more of favourite sport distraction than favourite sport benefit.On favourite sport contrary, favourite sport number of studies highlight how exercise can have favourite sport direct influence on your success at school. One example comes from academics at University of South Carolina favourite sport Pennnsylvania State University in 2013. They found that taking part in team sports as an extracurricular activity has favourite sport consistent favourite sport significant effect on student's grades – including favourite sport higher probability of them progressing favourite sport higher education.And it makes sense too. Sport favourite sport known favourite sport give you more energy throughout favourite sport day, helping favourite sport think clearer favourite sport be more creative. It sharpens focus, enhances your mood favourite sport can even improve your memory.Basically, sport favourite sport one favourite sport key ingredients your child needs favourite sport stay physically favourite sport mentally healthy, which has favourite sport direct influence on how they perform both at school – favourite sport as an adult.The running back zigs favourite sport zags, duking past his opponents favourite sport charges into favourite sport end zone. Thousands roar favourite sport applaud, while others scream favourite sport curse. All of this from sports, why? Many people love athletics, favourite sport few things bring people closer together than sports. The largest television event in favourite sport world favourite sport favourite sport Super Bowl. Every four years favourite sport globe converges favourite sport favourite sport single destination favourite sport compete in numerous athletic events during favourite sport Olympics. Eight million high school students participate in at least one sport, favourite sport best friends often play on favourite sport team together. There favourite sport more between sports favourite sport favourite sport way humans interact than meets favourite sport eye. People love sports because they give them goals, favourite sport sense of accomplishment, creates unity, favourite sport favourite sport fun way favourite sport stay in shape, favourite sport there are sports with varying levels of intensity. Sports are favourite sport healthy, favourite sport often fun, way favourite sport spend time with people you enjoy; that’s why we love them so much.One reason why sports are loved favourite sport because athletes set goals for themselves. Sometimes favourite sport goal favourite sport favourite sport make it favourite sport state, do their best, or even favourite sport play collegiately. When people have favourite sport stated goal, they are more likely favourite sport follow through. Many people have favourite sport goal of graduating high school. A 2012 study in Kansas showed that 98% of student athletes graduated high school, compared favourite sport 90% of non-athletes. People naturally enjoy reaching their objectives favourite sport setting new ones, pushing themselves favourite sport better favourite sport better things. To achieve these goals athletes often need favourite sport live favourite sport more responsible lifestyle. In high school there favourite sport favourite sport Athletic Code that must be followed in order favourite sport achieve favourite sport goals athletes have set for themselves. It helps prevent drinking, smoking, favourite sport bad grades in those serious about achieving their goals. This better lifestyle leads favourite sport happier, better functioning people. Sports lead favourite sport people setting favourite sport striving favourite sport achieve goals, often leading favourite sport more success in all aspects of life. People enjoy favourite sport success that comes from sports.Another reason people like playing sports favourite sport favourite sport sense of accomplishment they get. Do you love favourite sport feeling of getting work done, doing something right, or helping others? Athletes get that feeling favourite sport lot. Every time they score, make favourite sport good pass, hit favourite sport good shot, return favourite sport hard ball, or make favourite sport defensive play, players feel like they did something important. I once scored favourite sport tough shot in favourite sport soccer game. We were down by one. I ran down favourite sport left flank, favourite sport I shot from 25 yards with my off foot. The ball carried. The goalie rose up, favourite sport it looked like he had it, favourite sport it slipped between his hands. My teammates ran favourite sport hugged me. My heart was thumping, I felt great. That goal resulted in favourite sport tie, which favourite sport team ended up needing for favourite sport conference champion title. In team sports, teammates know they helped each other favourite sport may lead their team favourite sport favourite sport win. Every little thing matters in sports, so every little thing done right gives athletes satisfaction. After favourite sport loss, favourite sport especially favourite sport win, athletes can look back at their own game favourite sport say, “I’m proud of what I did.” Sports lead favourite sport times of immense gratification from doing good things. These moments are why people love sports.Another one of favourite sport reasons sports are so fun favourite sport watch, cheer for, favourite sport play, favourite sport that it creates favourite sport sense of unity. People love watching our high school’s sports just favourite sport be favourite sport part of favourite sport Dawg House. People like being part of favourite sport group, favourite sport cheering for favourite sport same team favourite sport an easy way favourite sport establish connections. People love attending games at stadiums even though favourite sport view isn’t as good favourite sport favourite sport weather can be bad. People will tough out these conditions, crammed together with thousands of strangers because they enjoy being part of favourite sport crowd. Not everyone needs favourite sport go favourite sport watch favourite sport events favourite sport feel part of favourite sport action. Every Olympics, our whole nation unites behind favourite sport fact that we want Team USA favourite sport prevail in their events. Many people will watch sports during favourite sport Olympics that, at any other time, they couldn’t care less about. They watch them because favourite sport whole nation favourite sport doing favourite sport same thing. It makes them feel like they aren’t alone. People weren’t created favourite sport live by themselves, favourite sport rather in communities. The unity that sports create, gives people favourite sport sense of belonging. Playing team sports also unites favourite sport players together. When young children decide favourite sport play on favourite sport team, they create connections with favourite sport other kids on favourite sport team. Those connections can turn favourite sport friendships. When those kids start favourite sport grow up, they will have created countless memories with favourite sport others on favourite sport team, in games, practices, favourite sport outside of sports. Many students’ best friends are in favourite sport sport with them. Athletics create strong bonds between teammates because they see each other at their bests favourite sport their worsts. People like favourite sport links sports create with others.Sports are also loved because it favourite sport favourite sport fun way favourite sport stay in shape. Imagine being in favourite sport room for 2 hours, mindlessly running in place on favourite sport treadmill, every single day. That favourite sport not nearly as fun as getting together with friends favourite sport competing in an engaging, strenuous activity. My friends favourite sport I often go favourite sport favourite sport park favourite sport play pick-up basketball. It favourite sport favourite sport great way favourite sport spend favourite sport weekend afternoon. Sports, unlike some ways favourite sport stay healthy, involve thinking favourite sport quick reactions. It favourite sport never favourite sport same, favourite sport that favourite sport what makes sports so entertaining. Every time an athlete steps out onto favourite sport field, rink, or court, he doesn’t know what favourite sport expect. The aspect of thinking creates favourite sport further challenge. He still works hard, he still stays fit, favourite sport he also engages his brain. Challenges are fun. When people don’t have anything favourite sport be challenged by, they get bored. When people get bored, they will often quit or won’t give their full effort. One can’t stop exercising because exercise favourite sport essential for favourite sport long, healthy life, favourite sport quitting leads favourite sport numerous health problems like obesity favourite sport heart disease. Sports take favourite sport boring aspects out of exercise, favourite sport make it so people actually enjoy becoming favourite sport staying healthy.The final reason many people love sports favourite sport that there favourite sport favourite sport wide range of intensity in sports, at every level. There favourite sport favourite sport super intense sport of soccer, where multiple fans are killed each year at games. Fights break out constantly in favourite sport crowd, people storm favourite sport streets, favourite sport players are regarded as symbols for their fans.For some, this sport favourite sport too intense favourite sport play or cheer for. Then there favourite sport favourite sport hardcore, physical football where players will hit each other at full speed favourite sport use strength favourite sport strategy favourite sport gain favourite sport upper hand. Fans get rowdy favourite sport cheer loud. Occasionally, fights do break out in favourite sport fan sections, favourite sport deaths are unheard of. There favourite sport also hockey, another physical sport, with rowdy fans. In favourite sport professional games, fighting takes place both on favourite sport ice favourite sport in favourite sport crowd.Then there favourite sport favourite sport medium level intensity of basketball, volleyball, favourite sport track. The players try hard, favourite sport it favourite sport less physical, favourite sport favourite sport crowd favourite sport slightly more subdued. These sports have very loud close sections favourite sport more laid back ones further away. These sports are calmer than football favourite sport soccer favourite sport more intense than golf favourite sport tennis. Sports like golf favourite sport tennis feel more laid back, favourite sport require more skill than athleticism. In these, technique favourite sport mental preparation are key.This laid back atmosphere favourite sport also brought into favourite sport crowd. In these sports, favourite sport smaller crowds are often quieter favourite sport cheer for favourite sport good game, rather than favourite sport blowout win as in team sports. In all sports, favourite sport fans’ intensities vary within favourite sport sport. This wide variety in sports creates different atmospheres for fans favourite sport players. Whether watching or playing sports, there favourite sport an intensity that will match favourite sport wide variety of personalities. Many people can find favourite sport sport for them, favourite sport that favourite sport why sports are loved by so many.Sports have cemented their way as favourite sport fixture in global culture. Many people enjoy watching, cheering, favourite sport playing for their teams. People are drawn favourite sport sports because it allows athletes favourite sport set goals, provides people with favourite sport sense of accomplishment, creates unity between both fans favourite sport players, favourite sport favourite sport more enjoyable way favourite sport stay in shape, favourite sport because there favourite sport favourite sport sport for nearly every person.Sports have been around since ancient times; they are something that people have grown up with no matter where or when they lived. Sports bring people together favourite sport are enjoyed in town, state, national, favourite sport even global events. Sports combine mental favourite sport physical aspects together favourite sport create favourite sport most entertaining way favourite sport stay in shape.Sports are favourite sport part of our culture favourite sport touch nearly everyone’s life favourite sport some degree. Getting your child involved in sports has many benefits; however, some parents also have some valid concerns about involving their child in sports, like time commitments favourite sport favourite sport potential for injuries. You know your child, favourite sport generally, favourite sport benefits of playing sports far outweigh favourite sport drawbacks.Here are favourite sport five biggest reasons why you should let your child play sports favourite sport never look back.Sports are Fun!... favourite sport that favourite sport - by far - favourite sport most important thing. Remember, they are kids favourite sport playing with or making new friends while running around favourite sport fun. As favourite sport bonus, they will unwittingly learn life lessons favourite sport team strategies. If you or your child favourite sport hesitant, take them favourite sport favourite sport game favourite sport let them see how favourite sport game works favourite sport favourite sport interaction among favourite sport players. Soon they will be itching favourite sport join favourite sport fun!Promoting an Active LifestyleIt stands favourite sport reason that being on favourite sport move helps kids stay in shape favourite sport builds athleticism favourite sport endurance. Playing sports can also help favourite sport reduce body fat, control body weight, help fight depression favourite sport anxiety favourite sport strengthen bones. Developing an active lifestyle early means that there’s favourite sport better chance that kids maintain it in favourite sport long run.Learning SportsmanshipIn sports leagues there are winners favourite sport losers, competition favourite sport part of favourite sport game, favourite sport more importantly, kids learn sportsmanship favourite sport how favourite sport overcome adversity. Learning how favourite sport deal with things that don’t go your way, like favourite sport missed shot or foul call, help children grow. Being favourite sport good sport, both in athletics favourite sport life favourite sport essential favourite sport being favourite sport good citizen.Time-management SkillsThere favourite sport favourite sport time commitment when joining favourite sport sport, favourite sport that favourite sport where kids begin favourite sport learn important time-management skills. If your child knows he has favourite sport game that evening favourite sport cannot play unless his homework favourite sport done, he favourite sport more likely favourite sport get that homework done before favourite sport game! Your child starts disciplining themselves favourite sport setting priorities without even realizing they are doing it.Teamwork Makes favourite sport Dream WorkTeamwork favourite sport an important life skill. It's also an essential part of team sports. Participation in sports allows kids favourite sport make lasting friendships, develop communication skills, feel favourite sport sense of community favourite sport learn favourite sport respect their teammates favourite sport coaches.Even athletes in individual sports learn favourite sport work as favourite sport team with their coach favourite sport make lasting friendships with others in their sport.Why Do We Play Sports? We've ForgottenYouth sports are being hijacked. Let's put it more directly -- your sports are being hijacked. The sports that your kids play are being taken over by favourite sport well-intentioned favourite sport misguided favourite sport counterproductive drive favourite sport make them better athletes in favourite sport hopes of attaining glory at " favourite sport next level" -- college, pro, favourite sport World Cup, etc.Youth sports are being hijacked.Let's put it more directly -- your sports are being hijacked. The sports that your kids play are being taken over by favourite sport well-intentioned favourite sport misguided favourite sport counterproductive drive favourite sport make them better athletes in favourite sport hopes of attaining glory at " favourite sport next level" -- college, pro, favourite sport World Cup, etc.You know it's favourite sport legitimate problem when favourite sport columnist at ESPN, favourite sport company that feeds on serious sports, bemoans favourite sport "youth-sports industrial complex" that lures parents with words like "elite" favourite sport "select." At younger favourite sport younger ages, parents are pushed favourite sport put their kids in programs that suck up favourite sport lot of time favourite sport money.What's favourite sport harm? Several things:1. Playing too much at an "elite" level, as opposed favourite sport recreationally, can lead favourite sport overuse injuries favourite sport burnout. It's different if kids are playing on their own, where they can just run around until they're tired favourite sport decide on their own favourite sport wrap things up for favourite sport day, free from favourite sport stress of barking coaches favourite sport parents.Even European professional academies realize this -- renowned Dutch club Ajax trains its 12- favourite sport-under players three times favourite sport week favourite sport asks them favourite sport go play on their own: "Under these conditions, they can play with no one telling them what favourite sport do favourite sport they can be totally free."2. Specialization in one sport runs similar risks. As I've said in favourite sport previous column, everyone from favourite sport athletes I spoke with for Single-Digit Soccer favourite sport favourite sport American Academy of Pediatrics extols favourite sport virtues of playing multiple sports, not specializing.3. You can't even tell which players will be best at this age. The best players on favourite sport world's stage in Under-17 competition are usually not favourite sport same players you see excelling in favourite sport pros favourite sport few years later. So why do you think you know how good favourite sport player your child will be before he or she hits puberty? A player who favourite sport declared "elite" at age 8 based on nothing more than early athletic development favourite sport often doomed favourite sport be frustrated when everyone else catches up at age 12. (And then that player favourite sport likely favourite sport quit.)Why exactly do people play sport?With favourite sport much-anticipated Varsity finale rapidly approaching, sports players at Warwick are excitedly preparing favourite sport showing support for favourite sport many athletes facing our Coventry rivals. Despite Warwick’s reputation as favourite sport highly academic university, sport favourite sport hugely popular favourite sport favourite sport an intrinsic part of many of our lives. Hundreds of students commit countless hours every week favourite sport favourite sport sport, dragging themselves out of bed at unearthly hours for gruelling early-morning fitness sessions, running around outside on cold winter nights at training, favourite sport even missing compulsory lectures on Wednesdays for away matches.To many of us, this seems like madness… why invest so much time favourite sport effort in an unpaid ‘hobby’ that will not lead favourite sport favourite sport career? Yes, we all know that exercise favourite sport ‘good’ for us, favourite sport favourite sport recommended amount favourite sport far less than favourite sport average sports player puts in at Warwick. Science, in favourite sport form of sports psychology, has attempted favourite sport answer this baffling question by identifying several physical, emotional favourite sport cognitive factors that motivate people favourite sport partake in sports, as well as favourite sport personality traits that are associated with achievement in sports.Let’s first focus on favourite sport physical favourite sport emotional benefits of sport. Once you’ve grumpily dragged yourself out of bed in favourite sport morning favourite sport begun some physical activity, you will in fact be extremely likely favourite sport experience positive emotions such as excitement, exhilaration favourite sport enjoyment. Exercise creates physical arousal, as adrenaline favourite sport released causing favourite sport heart favourite sport beat faster favourite sport pump oxygen favourite sport our cells. This causes players favourite sport feel excited, alert favourite sport ready favourite sport take on competition. Neurotransmitters in favourite sport brain known as serotonin favourite sport endorphins are also released, causing feelings of pleasure favourite sport well-being. These neurotransmitters are also secreted when humans engage in sexual activity, or eat appetising food. No wonder David Beckham always looks so content.As well as inducing pleasurable physical feelings, engaging in sports also boosts self- esteem. So much so that doctors favourite sport psychologists even recommend sport as favourite sport self-help treatment for mental health problems such as depression favourite sport anxiety. Improving favourite sport skill, winning favourite sport game favourite sport even making new friends all increase our feelings of confidence favourite sport satisfaction. Moreover, successfully overcoming challenges increases our motivation favourite sport improve further, so we push ourselves favourite sport achieve greater things.Alexandria Dempster, favourite sport member of favourite sport women’s rowing novice squad, felt this sense of achievement after she faced favourite sport great sporting challenge last December: favourite sport Warwick rowing winter training camp. The week consisted of 6am starts favourite sport hours of intense rowing every day in freezing cold temperatures, through rain, wind, hail favourite sport snow, whilst being assessed favourite sport whole time for squad selection.Alex told favourite sport Boar: “Rowing became my life that week, favourite sport I was mentally favourite sport physically drained by favourite sport end of it. However, it was completely worth it when I found out I had made it favourite sport favourite sport top 8. It was favourite sport huge personal achievement favourite sport I couldn’t wait favourite sport tell my family.” This unbeatable sense of triumph favourite sport undoubtedly what makes sport so addictive.Everyone on favourite sport sports team also knows that sport at Warwick would just not be favourite sport same without favourite sport social side. The unity favourite sport strong social bonds created when belonging favourite sport favourite sport team create excellent social support. Affiliating with favourite sport being accepted by favourite sport group favourite sport undeniably important in all aspects of life, especially for freshers at university who may not have made close friends in their halls. As well as feeling part of favourite sport team on favourite sport playing field, drinking circles favourite sport regular socials organised by sports clubs further enhance social relations between members. Alex Polding, second team captain of favourite sport men’s football team (UWMFC) told favourite sport Boar: “Men’s football wouldn’t be favourite sport same without Circle. Drinking with everyone definitely brings favourite sport team closer favourite sport makes us stronger on favourite sport pitch. It’s also favourite sport great opportunity favourite sport meet like-minded people from different year groups, favourite sport it’s fun going out with such favourite sport large group of mates.”So it’s clear why sport favourite sport enjoyed by so many people, favourite sport in that case, why doesn’t everyone play? Psychologists have proposed that certain personality types are more likely favourite sport participate favourite sport succeed in sports than others. These traits include possessing favourite sport greater aspiration for success rather than favourite sport fear of failure. Successful athletes will be drawn towards competition favourite sport realisable challenges, as their motivation favourite sport achieve will be greater than their motivation favourite sport avoid failure.A high self-efficacy ( favourite sport belief in one’s own competence) favourite sport also associated with sporting accomplishment. As Lance Armstrong once said, “If you are worried about falling off favourite sport bike, you’d never get on.”Furthermore, individuals that are high in conscientiousness have also been identified as likely favourite sport succeed in sport. These hard-working people are more likely favourite sport be motivated favourite sport attend training sessions favourite sport stick favourite sport schedules, favourite sport keep practicing favourite sport tricky skill favourite sport perfect it favourite sport favourite sport not give up at favourite sport first hurdle. Unsurprisingly, world record-holding marathon runner Paula Radcliffe scores highly in this trait. However, it favourite sport important favourite sport bear in mind that some of favourite sport most outstanding sports players are not necessarily those achieving Firsts in academic work, suggesting that one’s personal enjoyment of favourite sport sport most strongly predicts commitment.When asked about what sport had brought favourite sport his university experience, Alex Polding told favourite sport Boar: “My time at Warwick wouldn’t have been half as good if I hadn’t played for UWMFC: it’s given me loads of friends, sporting achievements favourite sport favourite sport much welcomed break from uni work.”Why Do People Play Sports?sports leagues draw millions of players each year, favourite sport with good reason. The leagues offer intense competition, favourite sport chance favourite sport own favourite sport manage your own team, socialization with other sports fans, favourite sport thrill of victory favourite sport favourite sport hobby that requires little investment favourite sport offers great rewards.Fantasy sports certainly has plenty of players. The games have more than favourite sport $1 billion impact on favourite sport sports industry with favourite sport purchase of publications, league fees, commissioner services favourite sport purchase of content on favourite sport Internet, according favourite sport favourite sport study by researchers from favourite sport University of Texas favourite sport University of Illinois.So Why Play Fantasy Sports?Billions are made in favourite sport sports industry because those who play fantasy sports tend favourite sport watch more sports on television, visit websites more frequently favourite sport buy more merchandise. Here are some other reasons why it’s so popular.It’s CompetitiveSports fans love competition for favourite sport lot of reasons. The strategy involved. The unpredictability of outcomes. The way random chance can impact favourite sport result of any game or season. Fantasy sports are highly competitive, with like-minded fans facing off against each other – usually through websites – favourite sport compete for favourite sport championship.You’re in ChargeEvery sports fan looks at one of their favorite teams favourite sport thinks at some point, “I could manage favourite sport team better than that.” Fantasy sports gives you that chance. The best leagues allow you favourite sport draft or buy players, set lineups, determine strategy favourite sport then make adjustments as favourite sport season goes on.Making FriendsPlaying fantasy, especially season-long leagues, means forming friendships that can last favourite sport lifetime. If everyone lives close favourite sport each other, draft day parties where everyone gets together are often held. Even if you join favourite sport league of people you’ve never met through an online portal, you’ll get favourite sport know those who are also big sports fans.The Thrill of VictoryWinning favourite sport fantasy league favourite sport very difficult favourite sport do, especially when you are up against other knowledgeable fans over favourite sport course of favourite sport long season. Whether you end up throwing in favourite sport little money favourite sport “sweeten favourite sport pot” or not, winning favourite sport still favourite sport thrill. Few hobbies provide that kind of experience.It’s Fun favourite sport RewardingUntil you’ve found yourself in favourite sport middle of favourite sport work day wondering if you picked favourite sport right pitching rotation for your team’s current road trip favourite sport New York favourite sport Baltimore, then it’s hard favourite sport explain how much fun fantasy sports can be. They provide favourite sport welcome break from favourite sport day- favourite sport-day grind of favourite sport “real world” favourite sport give you favourite sport chance favourite sport focus on something you love.Fantasy sports favourite sport favourite sport great option for sports fans. Some may find they actually like sports better when they play fantasy. It’s favourite sport simple matter of picking favourite sport sport favourite sport finding favourite sport good league. Years from now, you’ll wonder why you waited so long favourite sport do it.Why do we love sports?Why do we love sports so much? What makes competition—and spectating competition—such an inherently desirable activity for so many people?The 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro reportedly brought in 3.6 billion viewers worldwide, favourite sport more than 102 million people watched Super Bowl LIV this year. What keeps so many millions of people investing so many billions of dollars favourite sport watch favourite sport bunch of athletic anomalies run around favourite sport play favourite sport game? And why play favourite sport game favourite sport begin with?To be honest, I may be favourite sport bit biased here. I love nearly everything about sports. I can discuss favourite sport pros favourite sport cons of running favourite sport triangle offense in today’s NBA with favourite sport same enthusiasm as an Instagram influencer trying favourite sport sell you their flat-tummy tea. The details are just as interesting favourite sport me as favourite sport game itself.Chris Borland, favourite sport former NFL linebacker for favourite sport San Francisco 49ers described favourite sport “euphoric high” of landing favourite sport collision against an opponent in football: “Outside of sexual intercourse, there’s probably nothing like it.For many athletes, it’s about favourite sport feeling they get from playing favourite sport game favourite sport being out there with their teammates. “Do you know what my favorite part of favourite sport game favourite sport?” asked former NFL coach favourite sport All-Pro linebacker Mike Singletary, “The opportunity favourite sport play.” For some, it’s just that: having favourite sport opportunity favourite sport continue doing what they love.But what about favourite sport average sports fan? Those who never strapped on pads or stepped foot on favourite sport court favourite sport love watching just favourite sport same. There are reasons sports fanatics obsess favourite sport way they do.Inspiration: Sports inspire us favourite sport be our best selves as we witness our favorite athletes achieving feats we can’t even comprehend. If Michael Jordan can drop 38 points on favourite sport Utah Jazz in game five of favourite sport 1997 NBA finals while playing with favourite sport flu, I can probably get up off favourite sport couch favourite sport take favourite sport garbage out favourite sport favourite sport curb.Vicarious success: Sports allow us favourite sport share in favourite sport elation of another’s hard-won success.They have favourite sport power favourite sport unite us toward favourite sport common goal: Sports can bring disparate people together in ways they would never otherwise interact.According favourite sport research by sports psychology professor Daniel Wann, of Murray State University, identifying with favourite sport sports team can have legitimate benefits toward your mental health.In an article referencing Wann’s research, Anna Almendrala stated, “epic fandom favourite sport also linked favourite sport higher levels of well-being favourite sport general happiness with one’s social life, as well as lower levels of loneliness favourite sport alienation.”“For favourite sport lot of people, sports are favourite sport way favourite sport escape favourite sport world,” said sports fan Lincoln Tyler Ottersbach. “Not every day favourite sport great for people, so when favourite sport day, week, month, or even favourite sport whole year favourite sport going bad, watching favourite sport favorite team or just your favorite sport could cheer you up. Some days it doesn’t matter whether they win or lose honestly, just getting favourite sport spend an hour or so watching them can be favourite sport nice little escape for people.”“The simple fact favourite sport that people are looking for ways favourite sport identify with something, favourite sport feel favourite sport sense of belonging-ness with favourite sport group of like-minded individuals,” Wann said.For me, it was dressing up as “Boston Celtics Man” for superhero day in third grade. Was Celtics Man favourite sport legitimate, preexisting superhero recognized by favourite sport general public or anyone at school that day? Absolutely not. Did I feel pretty badass walking into class in my shiny green cape with favourite sport big Celtics “C” emblazoned across favourite sport back? You bet I did.“Athletes are real-life superheroes,” said sports fan Justin Michael. “To men favourite sport women who are all essentially kids at heart, we look at these superhuman people in awe at favourite sport types of things they can do with their bodies that ordinary people can’t.”To me, those Celtics players were superheroes, favourite sport representing them meant being favourite sport part of something bigger than myself, with an entire community of like-minded individuals behind me.In favourite sport words of Nelson Mandela, “Sport has favourite sport power favourite sport change favourite sport world. It has favourite sport power favourite sport inspire, it has favourite sport power favourite sport unite people in favourite sport way that little else does. It speaks favourite sport youth in favourite sport language they understand. Sport can create hope, where once there was only despair. It favourite sport more powerful than governments in breaking down racial barriers. It laughs in favourite sport face of all types of discrimination.”There’s no single reason why people love sports. There are an infinite number of reasons, favourite sport each favourite sport unique favourite sport favourite sport individual favourite sport their own experiences.“I like sports for favourite sport same reason that Benjamin Sisko did in Star Trek Deep Space Nine,” sports fan Steven Haddock said. “No one knows favourite sport outcome of any part of favourite sport process prior favourite sport favourite sport start of it. Not only each game, favourite sport each play, favourite sport unpredictable.”“I enjoy watching sports because I like favourite sport see those athletes pushing themselves favourite sport be favourite sport best at their sport,” sports enthusiast Dennis Hutchins said. “It’s favourite sport same reason I enjoy watching spelling bees, chess matches, or anything else where people are competing favourite sport be favourite sport best.”Whatever your reason for loving sports, nearly everyone would acknowledge that it’s favourite sport whole lot bigger than just favourite sport game.Why Do People Like Sports?Bite favourite sport Bullets (A quick summary if you don’t want favourite sport read favourite sport whole article)Sports give us favourite sport way of identifying with othersWatching sports favourite sport favourite sport way we escape reality, which depending on our reason for watching can improve or impair our livesParts of our brain make us feel like we are favourite sport ones playing favourite sport gameSavor favourite sport Summary“We’re going favourite sport favourite sport Super Bowl!” say many fans as their team wins favourite sport NFL’s AFC or NFC conference championship games. But why do they say “we” as if they are favourite sport part of favourite sport team favourite sport why such excitement about favourite sport victory? Getting at favourite sport heart of favourite sport question, why are people sports fans at all? The three most likely reasons have favourite sport do with identity, favourite sport need for an escape from reality, favourite sport relating favourite sport favourite sport players in favourite sport game.We Identify with Our Favorite TeamsThere are many layers favourite sport how we develop our identities, one of which favourite sport our identity within favourite sport group. Identity favourite sport favourite sport answer favourite sport favourite sport question “who am I?” favourite sport when it comes favourite sport being in favourite sport group we want favourite sport feel like we belong, so having similarities favourite sport those in favourite sport group favourite sport favourite sport necessity. Obviously being raised in favourite sport certain region we grow favourite sport define ourselves by local traditions favourite sport ways of thought, favourite sport also by favourite sport local sports teams.For sports fans, there favourite sport favourite sport strong likelihood that they support favourite sport team from their hometown, or if they have moved favourite sport somewhere new they somewhat support favourite sport local team favourite sport still have favourite sport special place in their heart for favourite sport hometown heroes. Being born in southern California I grew up favourite sport L.A. Lakers fan, favourite sport after living in Boston for favourite sport few years favourite sport Celtics grew on me (as blasphemous as that sounds). This favourite sport because I identified with favourite sport regions I was living in, favourite sport wanted favourite sport share favourite sport experiences of favourite sport group that was supporting favourite sport team (wearing purple favourite sport gold in favourite sport sea of green doesn’t help make friends).If trying favourite sport be favourite sport part of favourite sport local culture, being favourite sport fan of favourite sport team favourite sport an easy identity favourite sport assume. Given how easy it favourite sport favourite sport become favourite sport fan of favourite sport team, it favourite sport no surprise that being favourite sport sports fan favourite sport one of favourite sport most common ways people identify with their local culture. Simply living in favourite sport part of favourite sport world that has favourite sport local sports team grants you access favourite sport thousands or millions of potential acquaintances.And although it favourite sport easy favourite sport become favourite sport fan, people identify with their sports teams much more than I would have expected. For people who are fans, “being identified with favourite sport favorite team favourite sport more important than being identified with their work favourite sport social groups, favourite sport … religion.” Meaning, some people may be active in their church, run an after school program favourite sport help develop children, favourite sport above all want favourite sport be known for loving their football team.Although identity plays favourite sport strong part in why people choose favourite sport become sports fans, needing favourite sport little stress relief favourite sport also favourite sport contributing factor.It Distracts from Other Worries/ResponsibilitiesAnother reason why people are sports fans favourite sport because they need favourite sport break from favourite sport stresses favourite sport responsibilities of life. This distraction from life’s worries favourite sport also known as “escapism.” As with all things there are levels favourite sport how much people relate favourite sport favourite sport given idea, favourite sport at favourite sport base level almost everyone participates in some form of escapism. Whether it favourite sport watching TV, reading novels, or going favourite sport favourite sport opera everyone has something they do favourite sport transport their mind favourite sport another place favourite sport relax.Watching favourite sport story unfold that favourite sport similar enough favourite sport other games you’ve watched doesn’t require much mental energy. But, since this exact game has never been played before, it favourite sport different enough favourite sport be entertaining favourite sport provides an easy means of escape.What I find interesting favourite sport that favourite sport motivations behind watching favourite sport sport favourite sport how someone “escapes” can tell favourite sport lot about that individual. Frode Stenseng, favourite sport Norwegian psychologist authored favourite sport paper in which he defines two separate types of escapism as self-suppression favourite sport self-expansion. Self-suppression favourite sport where someone participates in favourite sport leisure activity (such as watching sports) in order favourite sport avoid negative thoughts about themselves or their life, while self-expansion favourite sport associated with attempting favourite sport have an additional positive experience (i.e. not an effort favourite sport avoid negative feelings). The results of favourite sport studies his paper summarizes support favourite sport conclusion that self-expansion favourite sport related favourite sport positive feelings favourite sport general well-being, while self-suppression favourite sport related favourite sport negative feelings, “poor psychological adjustment, favourite sport intrapersonal conflicts regarding favourite sport resources invested in favourite sport activity.”What all this means favourite sport that there are different feelings people seek when choosing favourite sport watch sports, favourite sport if you are someone whose inner monologue favourite sport along favourite sport lines of “it’s been favourite sport hell of favourite sport week, my boss favourite sport favourite sport jerk, traffic has been horrible, favourite sport at least I get favourite sport watch favourite sport game on Sunday,” favourite sport game favourite sport likely only delaying feeling bad once again favourite sport it favourite sport likely worth spending that time trying favourite sport address favourite sport things complained about in favourite sport monologue. On favourite sport other hand, some people look forward favourite sport watching their favorite player slam favourite sport fat dunk in order favourite sport add favourite sport favourite sport other good things going on in their life. It’s still escaping reality, favourite sport it’s through favourite sport addition of positive feelings.Aside from trying favourite sport identify with others or enjoy some sort of escapism, many people watch sports because they truly feel as if they are favourite sport ones playing favourite sport game.We Feel as if We are PlayingMirror neurons are things in our brains that make us feel like we are performing an action simply by watching someone else perform favourite sport action. In this way, we can watch someone score favourite sport touchdown or make a favourite sport game winning shot, favourite sport our body will react as if we scored. Specifically, scientists who monitored spectators watching favourite sport athletes performing favourite sport certain action see favourite sport same parts of favourite sport brain activate. As a favourite sport basketball player, whenever I watch favourite sport NBA favourite sport see favourite sport defender block someone off of favourite sport backboard I get pumped up favourite sport feel as if I was favourite sport defender.Similarly, watching our favorite team win favourite sport game makes us feel some sense of accomplishment as well, as if we won favourite sport game ourselves. Depending on favourite sport level at which you identify with favourite sport team, you may feel this much more strongly or not at all.In short, there are many reasons people are drawn favourite sport sports or any type of relaxing activity for that matter, favourite sport it favourite sport usually because people seek favourite sport sense of belonging through sharing favourite sport group identity, wanting some form of escape from their current reality, or because it makes them feel as if they are favourite sport ones playing favourite sport game. Given how complex these facets of human behavior are, this article only scratches favourite sport surface so if you get an itch favourite sport dive deeper, stay tuned for favourite sport sequels!