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Before delving into potential "candidates," it is important to consider what the actual role of the Presidency of the Islamic Republic of Iran is, and what its future relation to the Supreme Leader may be. (Those just interested in the horse race, can skip to the list below.)Wither Presidency?In my answer to the question, What is the relationship between the President and Supreme Leader of Iran? I explained the evolution of the Islamic Republic's political order. To summarize, the "First Republic" had a powerful Prime Minister and a largely ceremonial presidency; both serving under an all powerful, but somewhat distant Ayatollah Khomeini. The "Second Republic" would see the elimination of the prime minister, replacing it instead with a dominant president, Hashemi Rafsanjani, that was to coexist with what was initially a weak Mr. Khamenei, as Supreme Leader.That arrangement did not quite work out as planned. Slowly but surely, Khamenei built up his power base, and began to challenge the presidency. For the last two decades, we have had a dysfunctional relationship, alternating between an uncomfortable cohabitation, and outright hostility.The contested election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the Leader's handpicked man, was supposed to change all that. This President would be the Leader's self-declared agent, carrying out his policies. But Ahmadinejad's re-election in 2009, much even more contested, was a rude awakening. Now determined to forge his own independent path, he has repeatedly disobeyed Khamenei's wished. He has also picked public fights with the Leader's friends and allies, embarrassing everyone involved. (See Will Mahmoud Ahmadinejad be put in jail after his term is over?)Plainly, this Second Republic is broken, and some fundamental change is necessary if the regime hopes to preserve itself. Khamenei has hinted that he may wish to scrap the presidency all together, and bring back the Prime Minister, who would presumably be easier to control and dismiss. And the timing of the upcoming election adds to the drama. The Islamic Republic is arguably in its most precarious position since its inception in 1979 (the early years of the war with Iraq, and the death of the founder, Khomeini, are the only other comparable points.) The unrelenting sanctions continue to squeeze the country; the economy is in a tail spin, and the currency is collapsing. The specter of war is a constant threat, especially in light of developments with Syria.As we saw with the Green Movement uprising, and its brutal suppression, the populace is restless and could revolt at any moment. Finally, Mr. Khamenei must be dealing with his own mortality. While at 73 he is relatively young, at least by Mullah standards (most seem to live well into their 90's,) he must at least be considering that the next president could be his last, and what that could mean for a transition to his successor, his family, and his friends. Of particular concern would have to be the relationship with his son, Mojtaba Khamenei, who is said to be his father's "chief of staff," or head of office, and who he reportedly wants to succeed him.The lead up to the election has been the most tense in the Republic's history. Ordinarily, by this point, the candidates would have announced their intentions and begun campaigning.And while with the opening of the 5 day registration period on Tuesday, May 7, some 140 people have already thrown their hat in the ring, only 3-4 of these are likely to be approved by the Guardian Council, before the opening round election in June. Speculation is rife about the intention of other figures. (The serious registered candidates are Hassan Rouhani, Mohsen Rezaee, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, Mohammad Saeedikia, and Mostafa Kavakebian.)The following are the most likely potential candidates to declare, and have any chance being approved the Council, in no particular order, and my assessment of their viability.Ultra-conservatives and Khamenei loyalistsThe "2+1" Group. The first 3 figures have formed a caucus and declared that they will chose one amongst themselves as a candidate. If they stick to the vow, it will be assumed that Khamenei approved the choice. He would thus be guaranteed for approval, and emerge as the frontrunner.1. Ali Akbar Velayati. 67, is former Foreign Minister, Supreme Leader's senior adviser on international affairs.Dr. Velayati is a pediatirician, and specialized in infectious diseases at Johns Hopkins University. He is very close to Khamenei, who once wanted to make him prime minister (before Mir-Hossein Mousavi was forced on him.) He was Foreign Minister for nearly 20 years, and so has a relationship with the broad spectrum of political elites. The Rafsanjani camp, conservatives, even reformists, would potentially approve of him. However, he has not been involved in domestic politics in over 30 years, so he is not likely to be a particularly dynamic candidate, with much appeal to voters. He is also not known to be particularly favored by the Revolutionary Guards Corps, perhaps the most powerful force in the country.2. Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel, 68. Member of Majlis (Parliment), former speaker.Mr. Haddad-Adel is said to be very close to Khamenei, and his statements in Parliament are often interpreted as coming from the Leader. Solidifying the bond, his daughter happens to be married to the aforementioned Mojtaba Khamenei. While Adel has previously stated his interest in the job, and would be favored by conservatives, like Velayati, he has no particular support among the electorate. In parliamentary elections, he was supported by barely 25% of eligible voters, and is even less popular outside the capital. While Khamenei may want him, I have my doubts if he is ready to promote a member of his family to the presidency.3. Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, 51, Mayor of Tehran.Prior to the mayorship, Mr. Ghalibaf was Chief of Police, and before that, a general in the Revolutionary Guards. He was a conservative candidate in the 2005 elections, and was widely seen as the Leader's first choice. But in the campaign, he was a bit too, shall we say, flamboyant. Wearing all white suits and aviator glasses, he even declared, as president, he would be like an "Islamist" Shah and a modernizer. That would be too much for the staid Khamenei, who quietly shifted his support, and thus the election, to Ahmadinejad. He has rebuilt the relationship, but perhaps not quite enough to be approved. After 8 years of Ahmadinejad's drama, Khamenei will likely be looking for a much more low key, and manageable, president. Ghalibaf is also particularly hated by younger Iranians, and Reformists. As police chief, he was behind the brutal suppresion of the 1999 student protests, and was an admitted foe of former President Mohammad Khatami.4. Saeed Jalili, 47. Secretary of the Supreme National SecurityLike many other Iranian politico's of his generation, Mr. Jalili is a veteran of the Iran-Iraq War. However, unlike many of the elite, he spent most of his time on the front line, where he lost his right leg, and survived two Iraqi chemical gas attacks. This makes him particularly popular with younger members of the Guards, and especially the Basij miitia, whose support is what ensured Ahmadinejad's election.As the prayer mark on his forehead shows, Jalili is a religious zealot, which would appeal to ultra-conservatives. The extremist website Serat News heavily supports him, as does the semi-official newspaper, Kayhan, and its powerful editor, Hossein Shariarmadari. But like some other candidates, he has never participated in electoral politics, and is not popular in the country. He is also not regarded as particularly bright, even by his supporters.5. Ali Akbar Salehi, 64. Current Foreign Minister.Mr. Salehi started out as a professor, later chancellor, at the highly regard Aryamehr (or Sharif) University of Technology. Appointed as permanent representative to International Atomic Energy Agency by then president Khatami, before being named to head the Atomic Energy Agency, and finally, the foreign ministry. Salehi has been a key Khamenei advisor in nuclear issues, as well as an important envoy to regional allies in Iraq and Syria. Like Jalili and Velayati, he has no "domestic" experience or support to draw on, but he may emerge as a compromise candidate if no one else from this camp comes forward. Mr Salehi was born in the holy city of Karbala, Iraq. Not a particular rarity in ultraconservative clerical families, but if he is a candidate, the voter's reaction to his foreign birth would be interesting.Other potential candidates in this group include Mostafa Pourmohammadi, Manouchehr Mottaki, and Kamran Bagheri Lankarani.Independent Conservatives6. Ali Larijani. 54, Speaker of the Majlis.Mr. Larijani ran for president as a conservative in 2005, but like Ghalibaf, he was discarded By Khamenei for Ahmadinejad, and ended up with less than 6% of the vote. But he would go on to appoint him as Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council, and as chief nuclear negotiator, before becoming Majlis Speaker in 2008. As head of the legislative branch, he would come to clash with President Ahmadinejad, although they are both from the same conservative coalition. This inter-branch conflict has been without precedent in the Islamic Republic, as the Majlis has repeatedly overturned executive decisions, impeached appointees, and forced the president to defend himself before them. For his part, Ahmadinejad has ignored their requests, or insulted the leadership, accusing the parliament of overstepping their bounds and corruption. Apparently, this public squabbling has infuriated Khameni, who would force both of them to apologize. Once seen as the front runner among conservatives, the feud with Ahmadinejad has caused his stock to fall.Also potentially working against him are his powerful family connections. His brother Sadeq, is Chief Justice, and thus head of the Judicial branch. Among his other brothers, one, Mohammad-Javad, is head of the Iranian "Human Rights Council." The others, Fazel and Baqer are very prominent as well. He is also related to, directly and by marriage, to the powerful Tavakoli, Bahonar, and Motahari families. Once again, after the negative experience of the past 4 years, and dealing with the surly independence of Ahmadinejad, Khamenei is not likely to want to see a president with such a powerful base of support. Larijani is the scion of a family with stronger claims to leadership than his own, and one day could easily challenge him. Even worse, it would potentially over run his heirs. That said, if he decides he wants to run, it would be very difficult for the Council to not approve of the Speaker, and Larijani would be a formidable candidate. As of yet, he has not revealed his intentions. Like Mr Salehi, Larijani was born in Iraq, in the holy city of Najaf.7. Mohsen Rezaee. 58, Secretary of the Expediency Discernment CouncilAs a youth, Mr. Rezaee joined the para-military groups loyal to Khomeini who took part in the Revolution, and more importantly, helped defeat other revolutionary groups. These gangs would eventually be merged into the Revolutionary Guards Corps. At only 27, Rezaee was named as chief commander of the Corps, a post he held for nearly 20 years. Throughout the Iraq war and beyond, he was one of the most powerful men in the country. In 2009, he ran for the presidency, but would come in 3rd in that highly suspect race.Rezaee is not seen as particularly close to the Leader, perhaps because while was the all powerful commander, Khamenei was a powerless ceremonial president. Nor is Rezaee popular with the Guards. This is just conjecture, but perhaps some of the senior staff resent having been denied promotion, while he held reins for so long. Or perhaps the great wealth he accumulated while they suffered at war is the issue. In any case, they did not support his presidential aspirations in 2005 or 2009, instead going with Ahmadinejad, who was a much lower ranked member of the Guards. And while there is no reason to think he will be more popular with the electorate than he in his last run, he may emerge as a compromise candidate among the conservatives, who could be acceptable to the Rafsanjani faction, and even some reformists.8. Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri. 68, Former Speaker of Majlis.Mr. Nateq-Nouri was Interior Minister, before he followed Rafsanjani as Speaker, and attempted to succeed him as President in '97. In that election, he was supported by Khamenei, the leadership of the Guards, and all other conservative forces. But in a shock he would be defeated by Mr. Khatami, who won over 70 percent of the vote. Nouri has been been in semi-retirement since then, but has has been the frequent target of Ahmadinejad's attacks for alleged corruption.There is no indication that he would any more popular with the electorate, but he is a paragon of the old line conservatives. Khamenei was once firmly in that group, before he cast his lot with Ahmadinejad and the "neo-cons," and he may want return to the fold to restore order.Centrists9. Hassan Rouhani. 65, Former chief nuclear negotiator.Mr. Rouhani is the ultimate compromise figure in the Islamic Republic, with a foot in many different camps. An early follower of Ayatollah Khomeini, he was selected to the first post-revolution Majlis, and remained there for 20 years. He was very close to Rafsanjani, and was the latter's deputy when he was made acting commander in chief of the military. When Khamenei became Supreme Leader, he appointed Rouhani as his representative to the National Security Council. While he was a member of the "conservative" party, he is well regarded by the "reformist" party, and worked in the administration of President Khatami. As noted, Rouhani was among the first to announce his candidacy, and it would be very hard for the the Council to not approve of him.He has said, if elected, he would prepare a civil rights charter, restore the faltering economy and improve Iran's international relations. As the nuclear negotiator under President Khatami, he built a good rapport with his western counterparts, and has spoken publicly about "compromises" on the issue. Now, all of those are contrary to the Leader's stated positions. But if he is thinking about preserving the system by ending the factional civil war, restoring the economy, and bringing the country somewhat out of its current international isolation, Mr. Rouhani would seem to be an ideal candidate.Reformists and Re-constructionistsThe immediate aftermath of the 2009 elections was a declaration of war on the so-called Reformist party. Many of its tacticians were arrested, forced to make confessions of espionage and treason, and put in jail. With the escalation of the protests, the principal leaders, Moussavi and Karoubi, founding fathers of the Revolution, were placed under house arrest. Much the same fate would fall on the the team of technocrats around Rafsanjani, known as the reconstructionsits. The latter would be a particullar target for Ahmadinejad. Former presidents Khatami and Rafsanjani were warned that they could be next, and their families punished as a demonstration. Their movement is all but shut down, and no significant figure will be allowed to register, much less be approved. However, several potential candidates with some ties to them have remained with the regime, and may try to take up the cause in the election.10. Mohammad-Reza Aref. 61, Member of the Expediency Council.A professor of electrical engineering, he received his master's and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University. During the Khatami administration, he served as Minister of Communications and Information Technology, then as the head of Management and Planning Organization of Iran. Finally, he was named as Khatami's first vice president.11. Mohammad-Ali Najafi. 61, mathematics professor.Dr. Najafi was in gradual school at M.I.T., but dropped out to return to Iran at the time of the Revolution. He would go on to become Minister of Science and Technology in the cabinet of Mir-Hossein Mousavi and after that, Minister of Education in the cabinet of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. Finally, he was appointed head of Center for Planning and Budget in the cabinet of Khatami. He is currently the leader of the Executives of Construction Party, an organization founded by, and close to Rafsanjani.Neither of these two gentleman is very well known, or likely to have much electoral success. But if they are allowed to register, it may be a sign that Khamenei is allowing their parties back in. That may be the green light for other more prominent figures, maybe even the principal leaders, to come forward.The Former PresidentsThe consititution limits presidents to two consecutive terms, but they are not barred from seeking job again. In many ways, the administration of the next two gentlemen was the high point for the Islamic Republic, economically, socially, and in terms of international standing and prestige. While neither left office particularly popular, there is a groundswell of support for them, in hopes of restoring some degree of normalcy after 8 years Ahmadinejad and conservative dominance.12. Hashemi Rafsanjani. 78, Chairman of the Expediency Council.Mr. Rafsanjani's Revolutionary resume is rather long. After Khomeini himself, he was arguably the second most important figure in establishing the Islamic Republic, and was the key leader for 20 years. He would also become fabulously wealth, no doubt the richest man in the country. He tried to regain the presidency in 2005, but was defeated in very suspicious circumstances by Ahmadinejad, and the two have been at odd since. Rafsanjani is seen as the leader of the "technocrat" party, and those dedicated to economic reform. It is virtually inconceivable that the Council would not approve a man they approved multiple time before.As noted, he did not leave office with much popularity amongst the electorate, but with his resources, powerful allies and aides, he could emerge as unifying force. And if Khamenei did not oppose him, and decided not use the Guards and Basij militia against him, as he did in 2005, he would be difficult for anyone to beat. Khamenei has tried to sideline Rafsanjani, dismissing him from important posts, and publicly saying he disagreed with him. But if he is genuinely concerned about the survival of the system, who better than its main architect to restore it.13. Mohammad Khatami, 69.Mr. Khatami is no doubt the most popular political figure in the history of the Islamic Republic. In both of his elections, he won by some 70% of the vote. He also led his Reformist allies to similarly impressive wins in legislative and municipal elections. But by the end of his second term, his supporters were very disappointed with his failure to make any meaningful changes. And there was real anger with his inability, or perhaps unwillingness, to defend the hundreds killed and imprisoned for supporting him. That said, if he ran, all indications are that he would be a prohibitive frontrunner, and could re-assemble the coalition that drove him to victory.As the leader of the Reformists, he is hated by Ahmadinejad and his neo-cons, as well as the leadership of the Guards (although many of the rank and file supported him in the past.) He was also opposed by the conservatives, but after Ahmadinejad, they may feel this cleric with impeccable revolutionary credentials is their best hope. He is after all, one of them, and will be popular with the people, while not pushing radical changes too far. No doubt he is not high on Khamenei's list, but he too may see him as the best hope of reversing the system's decline.So far, the former presidents have been very coy with their intentions. Both have said, they don't want to come forward, but will serve, if they must. Both have also encouraged the other to run. But they have not shut the door, and there are indications that some of the registered candidates are trial balloons and place holders, should they decide to get in. Mr. Rouhani, for example, made his announcement with Rafsanjani's children behind him, and announced he would withdraw if their father got in.Ahmadinejad AcolytesThis segment is perhaps the most interesting aspect to the 2013 elections. 8 years ago, Ahmadinejad was the darling of conservatives. For his sake, Khamenei would forsake his old friend Rafsanjani, and then his own cousin, Moussavi. It is a decision that he almost certainly regrets today. The Leader's relationship with Ahmadinejad has been far worse than it was with either of his predecessors. Even Khatami, who was ostensibly from a different party, not step over the red lines. In his second term, Ahmadinejad has shown no such respect. And what is worse, he is not going away quietly. He is actively working to elect one of his own men as the next president, and maintain influence. Perhaps he even wants to pull the switcheroo in four years, a la Putin-Medvedev.14. Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei, 52. Advisor to the President, and the Presidential Secretariat of the Non-Aligned Movement.Mr. Rahim Mashaei is Ahmadinejad closest aid and confidant, having been with his partner throughout their political careers. Their children are married to each other, to boot. But, for reasons that are better explained elsewhere, Rahim Mashaei is loathed by conservatives. Every time Ahmadinejad has promoted him, first as Vice President, then Chief of Staff, Khamenei's office has had him fired. But the two would not give up, constantly trying new areas to raise Rahim Mashaei's profile, and appointing him to nearly 20 commissions and posts. Conservatives call Mashei part of the "Deviant" and "Perverted" group. Or they accuse him of being Ahmadinejad's Rasputin, casting a wicked spell over him. They have made not so veiled threats to have him arrested, or eliminated.While no overt acts have been taken yet, Ahmadinejad has clearly hinted that he wants his BFF to run. Under normal circumstances, the conservative Guardian Council would simply deny his application, but that might create greater problems. The President might make a public fight, disrupting the registration of other candidates, or he may not cooperate in running the election. Ultimately, he may chose not to leave office on time, forcing the regime to arrest him. It may be easier for conservatives to allow their bete noire to run, and hope for the best.15. Gholam-Hossein Elham, 54. Spokesman for the President.If Rahim Mashei does not run, the Ahmadinejad clique may try other associates, such as Mr. Elham. Before he was spokesman, he served as the president’s legal advisor and chief of staff. He was also the Minister of Justice, spokesman for the Judiciary and chief of Iran’s Drug Enforcement Office. From 2003 to 2008, Elham was a member of Iran’s Guardian Council, which may complicate efforts by his erstwhile colleagues to dismiss his application

Sugar Bowl Of Karnataka, Cradle Of Infantry, Kunda Nagari the city nicknamed with these names is Belgaum. Also known as Belagavi, Belgavi and Venugrama or the Bamboo village.Belgaum is known for the sweet delicacy named as Kunda hence the name as Kunda Nagari (Kunda City).The city is in the northwestern parts of Karnataka and lies at the border of two states Maharashtra and Goa on the western ghats.The city is situated near the foothills of the Sahyadri mountain range. It has a Tropical Savanna climate(tropical wet and dry climate).Belgaum is at its coldest in winter(november-february temperature dropping to 7 degree celsius; the minimum temperature in Karnataka state is usually recorded in Belgaum).India's tallest National flag was unflured on 12/03/2018 in Belagavi. The National flag was tied to a 110m(365feet) high pole from the base plate to the top. Size of flag is 120x80ft.The Government of Karnataka has proposed making Belgaum the second capital of Karnataka, hence a second state administrative building Suvarna Vidhana Soudha was inaugrated on 11 October 2012.Belgaum had been selected in first phase out of 20 cities as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi flagship Smart Cities Mission.Belagavi was founded in late 12th century AD by the Ratta dynasty, whose official named Bichiraja built a jain temple dedicated to Neminatha(twenty second Tirthankara(ford maker) in Jainism) in 1204, which came to be called Kamalbasti.^Kamalbasti then in 1860^present day of KamalbastiBelgavi became the part of Yadava dynasty kingdom in early 13th century.This region was invaded by Khalji/Khilji dynasty of Delhi Sultanate in 14th century.Thereafter, Belgaum came under the rule of Vijayanagar empire.In 1474, an army led by Mahamood Gawan of Bahmani Sultanate conquered Belgaum.In 1518, the Bahmani Sultanate splintered into five small states and Belgaum became part of the Bijapur Sultanate (Shia Muslim dynasty that ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur).In 1686, the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb overthrew the Bijapur Sultanate and Belagavi passed nominally to the Mughals, who called it Azamnagar. Control on Belagavi by Mughal empire collapsed after death of Aurangzeb in 1707.During the rule of Peshwas, Maratha’s confederacy took control of this area. The region was overrun by Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan after Hyder Ali’s coup in the kingdom of Mysore. But when Tippu Sultan was defeated by British forces, the Peshwas regained Belgavi.Belgaum was chosen as the venue of the 39th session of the Indian National Congress in December 1924 under the Presidency of Mahatma Gandhiji.^walking towards the session^Gandhiji addressing the Belgaum 1924 Congress session^AICC pendal at belgaum 1924^Gangadharrao Deshpande and Bapu^Belgaum 1924 session arrangements for bath at the specially built Congress well^Vijaynagar the temporary Railway station made for the 1924 Belgaum sessionThe city which was then a Portuguese territory served as a major military installation for the British Raj (crown/direct rule in India) due to its proximity to Goa.Once the British left India, the Indian Government continued and still continues to have armed forces installation in Belagavi. PM Jawaharlal Nehru in 1961 used forces from Belagavi to end Portuguese rule of Goa.When India became independent in 1947, Belgaum and its district were part of Bombay State. Indian states were recognised along linguistic lines by the States Reorganisation Act in 1956 and Belgaum district was transferred to Mysore state, which was renamed as Karnataka in 1972.>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>Rich deposits of Bauxite are found in Belagavi district which led to the creation of the Indian aluminium producing company Hindalco Industries of the Aditya Birla Group.Uranium deposits are also been found.Belgaum is major producer of Milk in Karnataka state, which complies 30% of the state’s production.It has the highest number of Sugar factories in Karnataka.From the early 1970’s, Belagavi began developing into an important centre for the manufacture of heavy machine tools, including manufacture of high pressure oil hydraulics systems.Belgaum is also a foundry(factory that produces metal castings) hub of Karnataka state, with about 200+ producing automotive and industrial castings of ferrous base and supporting ancillaries like CNC and conventional machine shops which finish the castings that are produced in Belgaum.Belagavi which is also known for Saree, over 30,000 people are directly dependent on the power looms.Belgavi is also a strong industrial hub for machine shops catering to automotive manufacturing especially crankshaft machine casting and helmets.A 300 acre Special Economic Zone (India’s first private Aerospace SEZ) is being setup near to Belagavi city to cater to the precision engineering requirements of the global aerospace, automotive and industrial verticals is promoted by Quest Global, an aerospace engineering and manufacturing company.Central Government has established the DGFT ( Director General Of Foreign Trade) office.The only state in India to have 2 offices,one in Bangalore, due to large export in Belgaum the entire north Karnataka will come under Belgaum DGFT.>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>Belagavi has the Indian Armed Forces, along with an air force station of the Indian Air Force.Belgaum houses the Maratha Light Infantry Regimental Centre (MLIRC).It also houses the Commando Training Wing which is a part of the Infantry school. The commando course at Belgaum is mandatory for all infantry officers.There also lies the eminent Rashtriya Military School, Belgaum, established in 1945, which is one of the 5 military schools in India.The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is building a fully fledged recreation and training center in Belagavi at Halbhavi.Surgical strike made by the Indian soliders on terror campus in Pakistan occupied Kashmir (POK), the training was given in Belagavi at the MLIRC Commando Training center “ Ghatak Platoon ”.>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>Belgaum is also an important educational hub, consisting of eight engineering, five medical and some dental colleges across the city and district.Basic degree colleges, nine polytechnic and three law colleges are other educational institutions.The Karnataka Lingayat Education Society (KLE), and Karnataka Law Society (KLS) are two educational giants in Belgaum.Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Jnana Sangama, the largest University of Karnataka for technical education (for BE, Mtech, MCA, MBA) is based in Belgaum.VTU is one of the largest Universities in India named after Sir M. Visvesvaraya from Karnataka, the only engineer to be awarded a Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India.The Karnatak Lingayat Education SocietyIn 1916, the KLE society was founded by seven founder life members who are also addressed as “Saptarishis” (seven saints). KLE society started in Belgaum:1916- Anglo Vernacular school1933- Lingaraj College1963- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC)1979- Dr. M.S Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology1984 onwards- dental, nursing,information technology, computer application, hotel management,business management, tourism,fashion design, agriculture college, as well as polytechnic across India.KLE marked the commencement of the 100th year of selfless service by the KLE Society.Karnataka Law Society (KLS)KLS was founded by eminent lawyers of Karnataka in 1939. It has the distinction of running colleges in fields of law, commerce, engineering and management education.KLS Gogte Institute Of Technology, Jnanaganga is an Autonomous Institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Accredited by National Board Of Accreditation (NBA), New Delhi.Based on Institute profile, academics and students performance over the years GIT was conferred with the award of “Excellent Technical Education Institute in Karnataka” at National Karnataka Education Summit and Awards 2014 held at Bangalore.Rani Chennamma University (RCU)Rani Chennamma University is a public university established by the Government of Karnataka in 2010 at Belgaum. This University has the main campus, called Vidyasangama.Overall Coverage:Belagavi is connected by road via NH-4(connecting Maharashtra(now part of golden quadrilateral), Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu).Belgaum fort - is in the Belagavi city. Fort includes two Jain temples, two Hindu shrines, two mosques and church too.Hindalga Jail - was built by the British in 1923. It has capacity to accommodate 1162 prisoners.Vishwa Kannada Sammelana 2011 - this was the second Sammelana, three days cultural festival hosted in Belagavi city.4th Akhila Karnataka Makkala Sahitya Sammelana, Belagavi 2005 - this convention bring together children from all over the state. Talent of lakhs of children is honed.The establishment of “Venudhawani”, Community Radio Station at the J.N.M.C campus at Belagavi, objective is to provide a platform for citizens of Belagavi to share their ideas, thoughts, concerns and reach out to listeners in radius of 10KMs in the vicinity.Ramkrishna Mission Ashram at BelagaviFrom 15th to 27th October 1892 Swami Vivekananda had come to Belagavi and he resided for nine days.At Belagavi, Swami Vivekananda was guest of Prof. G.S.Bhate and Sub-divisional Forest Officer, Haripada Mitra.The Risaldar Galli house of Mr.Sadashiv Bhate is now a sub centre of the Ramkrishna Mission Ashram.The local languages spoken here are Kannada and Marathi. There are also few percent of Urdu, Konkani speakers.The city is served by Belgaum Airport at Sambra which is oldest airport in North Karnataka.This was all about Belgaum, but as a district is formed by the taluks it is also necessary to know few things about the taluks of Belagavi which also brings up the name in popularity. Come lets know few interesting things about them.Belagavi has a total of 10 taluks, as it can been in the below picture shown along with the names, except for Athni=*Athani and Hukeri=*Hukkeri in names.Chikodi talukBiggest taluk in Belgaum district.Leading taluk in Karnataka under cooperative sector.Athani talukIt the largest sugar production taluk in Karnataka.Aigali husbandry fair is the biggest husbandry fair in India.Shivayogi Murugarajendra Mutt.Hukkeri talukThe Hukkeri Rural Electric Cooperative Society LTD is the First Electric Cooperative Society to be registered in India.Hukkeri Society is one of the last Surviving epitomes of the Cooperative movement in India.Vallabhghad is a fort which dates back to 1674 and is said to have been built by the Maratha ruler Shivaji.Name derives from 2 words hoovina+kere (flower+lake) which means a place where plenty of flowers were grown, and these flowers were supplied to Adilshah of Bijapur.At the time of rule of Adilshah there were 24 natural water wells/fountains (karanji) one of them was of hot water.Hukkeri is famous for Agarbatthis (Incense sticks).Nidsoshi MathaRaja Lakhamagouda dam also known as Hidkal dam.Shirur damFamous sweet delicacy of this place is Khaja.Gokak talukSometimes regarded as the “first woman freedom fighter of India” i.e; Rani Abbakka Chowta ((Chowta, dynasty name) first tuluva Queen of Ullal) had dispute and battle between Gokak Kotawals.Gokak Falls is often called as “Karnataka’s Naigara” , also famous for its historical landmark “The Hanging Wooden Bridge” whose legacy goes back to British Raj.During British rule in India, The Forbes Gokak Spinning Mill (now owned by Gokak textiles LTD of the Shapoorji Pallonji group) was setup in 1887 in Gokak falls.Gokak mills is known for their yarn which is supplied worldwide, as they received ISO 9002 certification as well.A Hydroelectric Power plant was also setup in Gokak Falls in 1907.The Toy factory in Gokak is well known for decades for its equisit toys. It is in existence since 200 years.Ghataprabha Bird Sanctury is known for migratory birds such as the Demoiselle crane and European White Stork.^Demoiselle CraneKardantu is the famous sweet delicacy of Gokak which is exported worldwide in tons.Another famous sweet of Gokak in India is Ladagi Laadu.Sri Jagadguru Shivalingeshwar Math at Savalagi shrine is six centuries old, it is symbol of Hindi-Muslim unity and communal harmony.The Godachinmalki Falls also known as Markandeya falls.Durdundeshwar temple in Arabhavi Math.Dhupdal dam has a hydroelectric power generating unit.Raybag talukRajaditya was famous mathematician of Poobagi (Raybag was called in ancient time by this name).Mugalkod MathaChinchali Mayamma templeBailhongal talukKittur Chennamma, born on 23rd October 1778 in kakati, Belagavi taluk. She was the Queen of Kittur, a princely state in Karnataka. She was one of the Indian female rulers to lead an armed rebellion against the British East India Company in 1824.Sangolli Rayanna, born on 15th August 1798 Sangolli, Kittur, who is known for military chief.The main railway station of Bangalore city has been renamed as “Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna Railway Station” in 2015.Rayanna was executed by hanging to death from a Banyan tree.Unlike the usual six foot grave, Rayanna’s grave is eight feet long because he was tall more than seven feet.Saundatti talukSaundatti Yellamma templeInchal MathMurgod MathNavilatirtha dam, is a well known picnic spot near saundatti on Renuka Sagara(Renuka lake).It is also place where Mahatapasvi Shri Kumarswamiji at the age of 18 was awakened by Kundalini as result of worship of the Devi.Ramdurg talukGodachi VeerabhadeshwarKhanapur talukHandibadanganath MuttKhanapur has the hill stations and is also famous, which pleases everyone.Bhimgad Wildlife SanctuaryIt is located near Jamboti village.This area is the headwater of several rivers including the Mhadei, Malaprabha and Tillari. The Mhadei originates in the Bhimgad forests.>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>Rivers which flow in the districtRiver Markandey - Shirur damRiver Krishna - a dam is built in Padasalagi village by the people of the same residence.River VedagangaRiver DudhgangaRiver Ghataprabha -Hidkal dam, Gokak fallsRiver Hiranyakeshi -Dhupdal damRiver TamrapharaniRiver Malaprabha -Navilutirtha dam, origin of this river is in Kankumbi village.River Mhadei>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>Politician who were Cabinet Ministers from the DistrictB. Shankaranand -was a congress politician from Karnataka. Elected to Lok Sabha(seventh) for the 4th time.Babagouda Patil -is a former Union minister of the state of India. He was minister of Rural Areas and Employment in the second Vajpayee ministry.>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>Notable People of the DistrictPhadeppa Dareppa Chaugule, was born in Belagavi. He was India’s first Olympic Marathon Runner. He represented India in the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp and finished 19th with a timing of 2 hours 50 minutes 45.2 seconds.D.C Pavate (Dadappa Chintappa Pavate), was born in Mamdapur.He was the Vice-Chancellor of the Karnataka University Dharwar, and the Governor of Punjab.Pavate was a Cambridge Mathematical Tripos WranglerAward: Padma Bhushan in 1967Books: My days as GovernorKumar Gandharv (Shivaputra Siddaramayya Komkalimath), was born in Sulebhavi.Known for: Hindustani Classical Music singingS.G. Balekundri (Shivappa Gurubasappa Balekundri), was born in Belagavi and was an irrigation expert.Known for: Chief engineer and Architect of the Almatti Dam. He is best remembered today as second Visvesvaraya.Chandrashekara Kambar, was born in Ghodageri, Hukkeri taluk. Is an prominent Indian poet, playwright, folkorist, film director in Kannada language and the founder Vice Chancellor of Kannada University in Hampi.Awards: Jnanapitha Award, Sahitya Academy Award, Padma Shri Award, Pampa Award.Raja Lakhamagouda Sardesai, was born in Ammanagi village. He reiterated his ideology that “Organisation is bigger than men, Society is bigger than Association and Nation is bigger than Society”. The British Government recognized his service towards the community and education and in 1919 conferred the order of Companion Of The Indian Empire (C.I.E).Raja Lakhamagouda dam also known as Hidkal dam due to their contribution of land for the dam.Dr. R.H Patil, was born in Nandgad, Belagavi district. He was the moving face behind the success of National Stock Exchange(NSE)Niranjan Sant, Belgaumite has won a special mention award for his photo Chameleon walk from the RBS-Sanctuary Asia Magazine Sanctuary-RBS wildlife awards 2009. He is one of the India’s most admired wildlife photographer.Laxmanrao Kirloskar, was born in Gurlhosur, was an Indian Businessman and founder of the Kirloskar Group. Union Government of India issued a postal stamp in his name in 1969 marking 100 years of birth anniversary.Atul Kulkarni, was born in Belagavi is an Indian film actor who has acted in Hindi, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Marathi and English language films.Pandit S.Ballesh, was born in M.K Hubli, Belagavi district. He is an Indian Shehnai player.Dinakar D Patil, was born in Benadi, Belagavi district. He was a prominent Marathi film director, scriptwriter and dialogue writer during the Golden era(19950–1990) of Marathi film industry. He has been awarded with Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2002.Hemant Birje, was born in Belagavi, is a Bollywood film actor.Mahesh Jadhav, founder at Mahesh Foundation which gives a new lease of life to HIV positive children by taking care of their needs and motivating them to lead a positive life.For this cause, he was awarded with National Child Welfare award from President of India Ram Nath Kovind for exceptional achievement in 2017. He is also a motivational speaker at TEDx.Manju Nadgouda, was born in Belagavi, is a former One Day International cricketer who represented India.Shobha Gurtu (Bhanumati Shirodkar), was born in Belagavi, was an Indian singer in the Light Hindustani Classical style. She came to be known as Thumri Queen.Awards felicitated with: Padma Bhushan in 2002, Sangeet Natak Academy award in 1987, Lata Mangeshkar Puraskar, Shahu Maharaj Puraskar, Maharashtra Gaurav Puraskar.Charan Raj, was born in Khanapur of Belgaum district. He is an Indian film actor, director, music director, film producer and writer who primarily works in Tamil and other southern languages.Ronit More, was born in Belagavi. He is a member of the Chennai Super Kings squad since 2013 and debuted in the IPL against Kolkata Knight Riders in 2015.Laxmi Raai, was born in Belagavi. She is an Indian film actress and model who predominantly appears in Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada films.Few Information, Confirmation, recognition credits: My father

Is there a better alternative to the party system of government?Oh yes! I have a doozy! Let’s have PROFESSIONALS in government who actually know what they’re doing?Now America, I’m not talking about you, though it COULD work over there also! The following is a purely Australian invention of mine! Spurred on by the ridiculous antics of our successive governments over past recent years, one leader backstabbing the previous, then getting re-backstabbed; it’s become a joke, and made AUS a laughing stock of the world! Talk about 33 1/3 revolutions per minute!!But I COULD, just for you, and in the interests of a REAL democracy, de-patent my idea and we could ALL use it in the free world. Hete’s how it works:Wanna be President? Apply on line. You need to be educated, within particular age limits, born in your country. All same as before. MULTIPLE degrees would help your application, but you definitely NEED to be a ‘Jack Of All Trades, yes? Because the President / Prime Minister MUST be good at EVERY DARN THING, to be a successful leader. Agreed, yes?Did I mention? NO POLITICAL PARTIES ALLOWED!Wanna be Minister / Secretary of Defence? Qualifications - you must be a General / Admiral / Air Marshal. YEARS of experience, and SUCCESS in the job. HONO(U)RABLE discharge. Recommendations in your CV from Presidents, Prime Ministers, Kings, Queens, Governors General etc.Wanna be Secretary / Minister of Transport? Requirements: trucking experience / railways / airline chief, running your own HUGELY successful transport / airline firm. Refs etc. (See, Richard Branson could be Min of T in the U. K. )Minister of Health? A qualified Doctor or Surgeon. (Never killed anybody.) Professor, MSc., whatever. Ran a huge hospital OR your own very successful medical practice.Minister / Secretary of Education? Teaching background, obviously. Head teacher in High School / University Head Lecturer.(I wanna be Surveyor General. I have a Royal Fellowship and 50 years experience in Land Surveying. In 70 countries. Degree. Various Land Survey Licenses from all over the world. Experience? You betcha! Lots! Am retired, but can’t get a job as I am 69 years old. TOO OLD! What a waste of all that experience !)Get the idea? You HAVE to be a PROFESSIONAL, and actually proven to be COMPETENT in your respective Ministry / Department.Now all the applications are in, WE, THE PEOPLE, decide who gets what job!! The candidates have a (say) 5 year job at $500k p.a. Top dog gets $1 Million p. a.And so our new government is formed. Can’t do the job, (this becomes apparant after a year, say?), YOU’RE FIRED! Job goes to the selection process runner - up, if he/she wants it.No politics. No speeches. No parties! No bulls**t! Just hard working professionals who KNOW what they’re up to and how to do it. And if you DON’T make me, Joe Citizen, happy with your work? YOU’RE FIRED!! (Where have I heard that before?)Tell me what you think, Quorans! There is a whole new, potential working political system here!Did I mention, I only want to be the Surveyor General ! So please upvote this BRILLIANT plan to change our government’s makeup AND our lives !!