Bahamas Maritime Authority: Fill & Download for Free

Surprisingly the author of this article (U of Southampton) failed to obtain a comment from BIMCO, a Hull & Machinery underwriter, or one of the many Protection & Indemnity clubs that are UK based.Both H&M insurers and the owners' own P&I clubs have a strong monetary incentive to minimize claims.The phenomenon has been known about for many years and it is not clear that ten bulk vessels are lost per year due to cargo liquefaction. I have heard of this happening to vessels loaded in Australia.Each commodity has its own risks and peculiarities. Proper loading and trimming of the cargo is overseen by the Master or First Mate. Ultimately it is the decision of the Master, functioning as the owner’s servant, as to whether the vessel is in a seaworthy state and able to undertake the voyage.The author does not take rogue waves into account, the age of the vessel, the flag state, or the nationality of the beneficial owners.There are several current and former seafarers active on Quora as well as at least one or two naval architects. They might be able to provide a better answer.Add: A dry bulk vessel of 56,000 DWT would have more than one cargo hold (m/v Jupiter lost while carrying 46,000 MT of bauxite). There is an interesting article in Fairplay from 2015 which helps to shed further light on the matter. That vessel had five cargo holds. The inquiry by the flag state (Bahamas) indicates there was heavy rain during loading. The permissible amount of moisture is the issue at stake.Bauxite behaviour stuns researchershttps://www.bahamasmaritime.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Bulk-Jupiter-Final-Report-August-2015.pdfA video by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority can be viewed on YouTube providing further illustration.

What are some industries that will be completely changed or destroyed by Covid-19?I dont think any industry will be destroyed but I think some will come out limping badly while others (entertainment for instance) will come back at a sprint as people that have been cooped up in their homes for weeks over indulge.The most damaged industry in my humble opinion will be the cruise industry.Due to some pretty unique circumstances the cruise line industry does not pay much in U.S. taxes and is not subject to more strict U.S. employment and regulatory requirements making it unpopular with both sides of the political aisle.Most major cruise lines that sail out of the United States use a loophole in maritime law that enables them to register their individual ships under foreign flags, including countries such as Liberia, the Bahamas or Panama. The loophole means ships escape higher U.S. taxes as well as more stringent employment and safety laws — an issue that has become problematic when, for example, a crime is committed on board.While the airline industry must be propped up for the sake of the nations economy, few if any people use cruises as transportation.I have read that the president is considering them in the bailout bill but given enough resistance I doubt that is a hill he is willing to die on.In addition a lot of the coronavirus drama has stemmed from cruise ship activity. A lot of negative press is being put out about the high levels of air pollution they generate and how that actually endangers passengers.On the decks of the four Carnival Corp. cruise ships studied over a two-year period, concentrations of particulate matter measured were "comparable to concentrations measured in polluted cities, including Beijing and Santiago," according to Ryan Kennedy, author of the report and an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The air quality on cruise ships is so bad, it could harm your health, undercover report saysThis has probably always been that way but new scrutiny will most likely cause them to have to install some better air filtration system in the future and refitting ships with whatever that industries equivalent of hepa filters is will cost millions if not more.Knowledge is a helluva thing. If you really think about it this is something people should have been thinking about all along. Its pretty much common sense. Your in a large enclosed metal thing floating in the middle of the ocean with 3 - 8 k other passengers that recirculates the air your expelling and breathing to everyone else.Does that sound healthy?Health experts have warned about the potential for cruise ship outbreaks for years. A ship’s ventilation system, which relies on recirculated air filtered by medium-strength air filters, is an efficient way of spreading virus particles from room to room aboard a ship, The Coronavirus Cruise Ship Quarantine Gave The Virus An Efficient Way To SpreadThe thing is no one thought of this kind of stuff before. Now its something that will be on a lot peoples mind before they schedule that next vacation.

What did the United States Marines do during the American Revolution? Nothing.However, the ‘American Marines” did. Why the difference in names? That goes back to the Continental Congress’ 1775 resolution authorizing:“"Resolved, That two Battalions of marines be raised, consisting of one Colonel, two Lieutenant Colonels, two Majors, and other officers as usual in other regiments; and that they consist of an equal number of privates with other battalions; that particular care be taken, that no persons be appointed to office, or inlisted into said Battalions, but such as are good seamen, or so acquainted with maritime affairs as to be able to serve to advantage by sea when required: that they be inlisted and commissioned to serve for and during the present war between Great Britain and the colonies, unless dismissed by order of Congress: that they be distinguished by the names of the first and second battalions of American Marines, and that they be considered part of the number which the continental Army before Boston is ordered to consist of."They are more commonly referred to as the Continental Marines. They were disbanded in 1783 (along with the Navy) and re-created in 1798 as the U.S. Marine Corps by an act of Congress on 11 July 1798 (1 Stat. 594).During the Revolutionary War, the Continental Marines assaulted the British Forts at Nassau, in the Bahamas, which that resulted in the capture of two British forts, 88 cannons and a large quantity of ammunition and supplies. Thenthere was the Nova Scotia expedition which basically started it all for the Marines. They also participated in the Battles of Trenton and Princeton and well as many ship board actions.Rather than reading books on the subject, as always, Wiki has a pretty good condensed history of it all. History of the United States Marine Corps - Wikipedia Just click on the Continental Era.