Volunteer Form January 2009 May 2009: Fill & Download for Free

The first and last time I was laid off was in January 2009. I made some preparation for it and listed below are some suggestions I would make to the newly unemployed based on my own experience. By day I looked for work, and by night I had as much fun as possible to keep my spirits up and took advantage of free or low cost activities around the city (i.e. movies at my local college, happy hour, karaoke, sports night, etc.)Go over your separation package carefully and sign all forms in a timely manner.Apply for unemployment benefits [online] as soon as possible.Give yourself mental adaptation time to adjust to your unemployed status.Come to terms with the fact that you may never find a job equal to the one you left in terms of pay and interest.Review your financial status and determine how much time you can comfortably take off.Prepare to pay for COBRA. Some employers may pay for extended medical coverage for a short period of time. If not, you will be responsible for medical coverage costs.Keep your retirement intact. Keep your bills current and your credit in good standing for a good credit background check.Register with employment agencies. They don’t waste time on “Gappers.” People with employment gaps.Sign up for focus groups. I earned $500 for two days of participation in a mock trial focus group.Sometimes volunteer work can result in employment. I volunteered with an organization that served a good cause.Take classes to stay on top of your skills, if applicable. I took six months of Microsoft application classes.Get back to work as soon as possible, being laid off from work creates an employment gap. Employers don’t like employment gaps (“Gappers”).Submit resumes for various positions: legal secretary, receptionist, administrative assistant, personal assistant, executive assistant and virtual assistant, etc.Apply for Christmas jobs before the holiday season.Make connections on LinkedIn and update your resume.Update and upload your resume on job boards [Indeed, Monster, etc.]. I Googled all kinds of information on resume writing; cover letters, objective or summary statement; bullet points or paragraphs, volunteer work, etc.If still available, attend classes through EDD Work Source. Orientation, Resume writing, interviewing, Job Search Strategy, LinkedIn, etc.Network with everyone you know.

Here are the highlights from film's talk page (I'll let the Wiki pros find better sources):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Film/Archive_1Cinema, Film, or Movie as the primary pageIt doesn't make a lot of sense to have separate articles for cinema, film, motion pictures, and movie. Currently all redirect to this article titled 'film'. Here's a refactoring of the arguments that were made on this talk page, mostly in 2004:movie is not a popular term outside of the U.S., and since it has a colloquial origin (like talkie) academics will not likely start giving "degrees in movies" at "movie school".Danny points out that "movie" generally refers to a Hollywood-style feature, leaving film for everything else (shorts, documentaries, foreign, etc.)cinema is more often used to describe the place where movies are seen (a movie theater) than the industry itself. Using the term for the field/industry might be considered "somewhat humorous and pretentious".film is academic, used internationally, and understood. Technical people (such as those using the wikipedia) dislike the term's tight association with celluloid film, citing the industry's consistent march towards various kinds of video. Yet it has historical inertia, and for years people have been using video cameras and calling what they are doing 'filming'.motion picture is probably the most accurate cross-medium description of the scope of what the article intends to describe. But (a) it's more of a definition than a term, and (b) outside of the MPAA, nobody says it, e.g. "I saw a great motion picture last week"It would be tempting to use the Wikipedia as a bold step towards sorting this all out, and Michael Snow suggested to put the discussion of filmstock under film, while explaining moving-pictures-as-we-know-them under cinema. Yet a Google search done by Eclecticology showed strong support that the word film is heavily used in combination with each of festival, studies, school and documentary.Just as significantly, it should be noted that the various sub-articles to this one - the ones on more specific aspects of Film - have the same problem, both in title (Cinema of [insert country name here]) and within text, where "movie", "show" and "cinema" may all appear within the same text, while "film" may not be used at all. The primary term used in this particular article will be rendered meaningless if not accompanied by extensive textual editing elsewhere. (And, BTW, I have heard/read the statement "I saw a great motion picture last week". All the terms under consideration do, in fact, have widespread usage, at least in the USA, particularly if you look back through time: "film" and "cinema" may dominate in contemporary academia, but I think a check of most other encyclopedias will find the topic title "Motion Pictures". But I'd much rather see everything just get organized under one common term rather than quibble over which is better; and "film" will do as good as any.) 12.73.195.41 20:13, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)Because this issue has generated so much interest and discussion, zandperl suggested a section (after History but before Industry) that would discuss different connotations of the words "cinema," "film," and "movie" as used in American English, vs. British English, and maybe other languages. The current compromise is to list all the terms in the first paragraph of the lead of the article. Though it was suggested to make them bold, the manual of style says that words-as-words should be shown in italics. Metaeducation13:23, 29 May 2005 (UTC)I must agree with the arguments above, however, I think with the coming of the digital age where cinemas get harddrives delivered instead of rolls of film could have an impact on the word choice. Considering "film" refers to the medium on which the movie has been captured, I don't think many people will be caught saying, "I saw a good film on a DVD last night". Also another argument for a possible split in the future is that "film" is ambiguous, whereas movie is not. --Kim Nevelsteen 12:42, 28 August 2005 (UTC)name of this articleshould it be named Motion pictures - wouldn't this be the most unambiguous, straight forward, formal, and thereby proper name to use? Mayumashu 03:31, 30 January 2006 (UTC)Agree. Motion Pictures are often but not always on made on (photographic) film. AjaxSmack 07:37, 28 February 2006 (UTC)I also agree. "Motion pictures" is probably the most accurate name, and while the term "film" generally refers to motion pictures, the word only literally refers to the most common format of motion pictures. To me, it seems that a page entitle "Film" would be more likely to describe photographic film, rather than motion pictures. Of course, that's just me, and I'm not trying to call for a change in where "film" directs (although I would probably support such a change), but the name "Motion pictures" does seem more logical. --Shroom Mage 23:35, 16 November 2006 (UTC)I also agree. Motion Picture is less ambiguous. Wayne Goode 19:46, 11 October 2007 (UTC)I disagree, the point about "film" only literally referring to the most common format of motion pictures is incorrect in my view, the term evolved from those origins but now refers to all forms of motion picture. The English language is littered with examples of a term which originally had a limited and specific meaning, but evolved to become a more general and non-literal designation.Moreover the term "motion picture" is rarely used in some English speaking parts of the world outwith North America - it's not at all common in Britain for instance where "motion pictures" are referred to almost universally as "films". You could argue that this would subsequently be taking the side of British English to use the term "film" for this article, however I would contend that point given that "film" is still used extensively in North America, it simply has a more formal meaning than it does in BE - it should also be noted that there's a discussion further down this talk page which concluded that keeping the name "film" was the correct course of action. Blankfrackis19:20, 26 October 2007 (UTC)Title Change?I think the title should be changed to Movie.70.234.245.53 (talk) 00:51, 24 February 2008 (UTC)Why is that? Film is much more commonly used so it makes sense to use it. SP900 (talk) 14:00, 22 June 2008 (UTC)I agree with the title change. The word "film" may be more commonly used, but its primary meaning is the celluloid medium. "Film" means a thin coating or layer. I guess the most correct title would be "Motion Picture". Film is just the most common nickname for motion pictures. For example, my nickname is much more commonly used than my full name, but my full name is still my proper name. The only reason why "film" is more commonly used is because its short and neat, easy to use. However, its meaning is not as accurate as "motion picture" here. 88.112.228.30 (talk) 12:12, 21 September 2008 (UTC)'Film' means what Americans called 'Movie' in the majority of English speaking countries (it's also interesting to note that the French language uses the word 'film' as well, not 'movie'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.156.12.236 (talk) 00:00, 1 November 2009 (UTC)I agree, and so does Merriam-Webster. Binba (talk) 05:41, 24 November 2008 (UTC)How about the term "cinema"?I've seen a bit of the discussion about using the terms "film" versus "movie". I tend to think, however, that neither is appropriate. Film refers to the physical storage medium, the traditional name for the entire industry, and a common name used by a number of European English speakers. Movie refers to the actual motion picture, a modern name for the entire industry, and a common name used by most American English speakers. This dichotomy reflects a lack of consensus or reason, so the name of this page, in my opinion, should shed any conceptions of a storage medium or cultural attitudes: cinema. Cinema refers to the field as a whole, and does have a hold as seen with world cinema (foreign film) and cinema of the United States (US movie/film industry). Nevertheless, I admit that most cinematic terms are based around the term film. Some of these may be easy changed to more correct terms as needs present themselves. For example, history of film would work well history of cinema, as this term refers to the industry instead of individual films/movies. In the cases like filmmaking, where traditional terms have a strong hold, the term may either be used or changed (movie production), but explained more appropriately. In other words, ending the debate between film and movie would allow the most fitting terms to explain each concept individually. CaseyPenk (talk) 00:51, 5 April 2008 (UTC) [amended]No, I disagree. This article is not just about the industry of cinema, but it's about the actual cinematic productions themselves. "Film" has evolved to mean much more than just the medium of recording, anyway. If there were to be a strong objection to the current title, then I guess the proper alternative would be "motion picture". But I support keeping it as it is. EuroSong talk 13:25, 5 April 2008 (UTC)I fail to see how your suggested alternative, "motion picture" would encompass the entire production and distribution process. And I furthermore fail to see how "cinema" does not include all the aspects "film" refers to. I'm not suggesting changing any of the scope of this article: it will still include much information on the actual motion pictures and their making, without the weight of an objectionable term. CaseyPenk (talk) 22:44, 5 April 2008 (UTC)I fail to see how "motion picture" would not encompass the entire production and distribution process of motion pictures :-) Binba (talk) 05:43, 24 November 2008 (UTC)Film redirectIn general a film is a thin layer. The reason that motion pictures are called "films" is because that is the medium the pictures are/were traditionally stored on. This page should be called Film (motion picture) instead of just Film. Logically then Film should go to the disambiguation page or one of the scientific film pages, preferably Thin Film. XXVII(talk) 04:15, 5 June 2010 (UTC)SplitWhy do "film", "motion picture", "movie", and "cinema" all redirect here? They are different concepts and should get their own pages. "Film", "motion picture", and "movie" may all have similar meanings (with slightly different connotations and technicalities) but they are usually used interchangeably colloquially. But "cinema" does not mean "movie". I think there should be two separate articles, one for the field of film as an art form and the motion picture industry another for individual motion pictures. Many other arts do this. Compare literature with book. Or photography with photograph. Why does film have to be different?Also, some other languages do not have the same word for both concepts as English does, which makes it difficult to create affective interwiki links. See fr:Cinéma versusfr:Film and es:Cine versus es:Película. -- Secundus Zephyrus (talk) 15:50, 6 May 2009 (UTC)The article about what we would understand as a cinema is the Movie theater article; which really should be moved to cinema. I understand your compaints that "film" and "movie" are different - but in English they are used pretty much synonomously, and don't merit two articles. I understand other languages have different (and seperate) concepts, and this can confuse interwiki links, but I would focus on improving this article, rather than trying to split it off. YeshuaDavid (talk) 22:30, 29 May 2009 (UTC)No, I'm not talking about cinema in the sense of a movie theater--I'm talking about cinema in the sense of the art of moving images. Secundus Zephyrus (talk) 05:26, 10 June 2009 (UTC)How would you split the content of this article between the two? At a glance it looks like this article could be left as it is and renamed Cinema, and a new article would need creating on the concept of a film (the object). What would you put in that? Would it be a summary of the content linked from list of film formats? That could be nice. Perhaps you could create the new page at film (motion picture), say - if you're volunteering - and then we could quibble about naming afterwards. Flowerparty☀ 06:54, 4 July 2009 (UTC)Yup! That's what I was thinking! It's just like the article for photograph, which just gives a brief history of the medium and the different types of photos. I would do the same with the new motion picture article. --Secundus Zephyrus (talk) 07:36, 4 July 2009 (UTC)Go for it. Sounds good to me. Flowerparty☀ 11:22, 4 July 2009 (UTC)There's also film stock. Not sure how much that overlaps with what you have in mind. Flowerparty☀ 11:59, 4 July 2009 (UTC)There's still a tag to split the article up despite this discussion being over a year old. Shall we remove the tag now? ENeville (talk) 03:25, 10 July 2010 (UTC)Agree. EuroSong talk 11:47, 11 July 2010 (UTC)

Black Tigers or Karumpuligal (கரும்புலிகள்) were the suicide squad of LTTE.During the SL Civil War Black Tigers were the most feared unit. At their peak they were capable of launching suicide attacks in any part of Sri Lanka penetrating all levels of security.Unlike the popular belief that LTTE used suicide bombers only in civilian areas Black Tigers carried most of their attacks on Army and Navy targets.To be precise most of the suicide attacks were carried out by Sea Black Tigers on SL Navy. Their highly successful sucide attacks on sea made Sea Tigers most effective non-State Navy in the World.Image: Sea Black Tigers(L) with regular Sea Tigers(R) during a parade.OBJECTIVEOne serious issue which LTTE faced throughout the Civil War was that they were severely outnumbered.So the main objective of forming Black Tiger Unit in mid 1980s was to inflict heavy casualties on Government forces with minimum casualties on LTTE's side. Also giving LTTE a psychological advantage.Black Tiger commandos had played a vital role in rescuing LTTE during tough war situations. Whenever the balance of power shifts away from LTTE, Black Tigers had pull out stunning victories to bring back LTTE to a commanding position.They had brought several turning points during the Sri Lankan Civil War.During Operation Liberation (1987) LTTE's first ever suicide attack on Army base considerably slowed down Sri Lankan Army's brutal attacks on LTTE controlled areas.During Eelam War 3 even after facing continues defeats on the hands of LTTE Sri Lankan Government refused to come to the negotiation table. Black Tiger raid on Bandaranaike Airport Raid in 2001 forced Government to come to the negotiation table with LTTE on a commanding position.Black Tiger Commandos Vs Leopard CommandosImage: LTTE's elite Leapord Commandos or Siruthai padai.LTTE had two commando units for precise military operations. While both have trained for important missions but Black Tigers had carried out most of LTTE's high risk missions. Whenever required both these units were also seen working together. Eg.Second Battle of Elephant pass 2000.TARGETSThey launched suicide attacks on :Economic and political targets.Military targets on battlefield.Navy ships and boats on high sea waves.DivisionsRegular black tigers who used to carry out suicide attacks on land targets including Army bases.Sea black tigers who launched attacks on Navy.Air black tigers who launched attacks through air.IMPORTANT LEADERSHIP:Black Tigers were under the direct control of LTTE's intelligence Wing TOSIS(Tigers Organization Security Intelligence Service).Pottu AmmanHe remained the chief of both TOSIS and Black Tigers wing from 1988 to 2009. He was part of planning of almost every major black tiger attacks. He was killed on the final day of the Civil War. His dead body was never found so there are many people who believes that he is still alive.Kapil AmmanKapil Amman was deputy chief of TOSIS and right hand of Pottu Amman. He was the main person behind the planning of all type of Black Tiger Operation both inside and outside the battlefield. He was also killed on the final day of the Civil War on 18th May 2009.CharlesCharles was the first chief of LTTE's newly found Military Intelligence Unit(2004). He was field commander of Black Tigers. He used to personally survive the target area and gather information to plan the whole Operation accurately.He led most of the highly successful suicide attacks inside the Government controlled areas. He was assassinated in January 2008.Madhavan MasterImage: Madhavan MasterMadhavan had worked under Col.Charles. He was involved in training intelligence operatives, spies, black tigers, providing hi-tech communication equipments,etc. He was considered as the head of LTTE's internal Intelligence unit.He was killed in the final days of the Civil War.Rathnam MasterRathnam Master had also worked under Col.Charles. After the death of Charles he become chief of LTTE's military Intelligence unit. When LTTE's Northern frontier Commander Theepan was killed in April 2009 he become deputy chief of military.He was killed during the final days of the Civil war.BLACK TIGER ATTACKS:FIRST BLACK TIGER ATTACK 1987Image: Captain Miller first Black Tiger.In 1987 Sri Lankan Army launched Operation Liberation to expel LTTE guerillas from Jaffna then stronghold(capital) of LTTE. SL Air-Force regularly raided LTTE controlled areas.To counter this LTTE came up with a new strategy. Black Tigers were already born. At that time no one anticipated that these Black Tigers were going to be the most successful suicide squad in the World.To destroy the confidence of highly motivated Sri Lankan politicians and soldiers LTTE decided to attack an army base at Nelliyadi . After capturing the area from LTTE hundreds of soldiers were deployed inside the College complex.It was decided that first Black Tigers Captain Miller had to attack the complex with a small explosive truck on the morning of 5th July 1987.Image: Nelliyadi Central College where the first Black Tiger Attack took place .Soosai who later become Sea Tiger chief was given the task of clearing the way for Miller. On the said night Soosai led a LTTE guerilla team and launched attack on the soldiers guarding the complex. Once the way was cleared within few minutes around 7pm Cap Miller drove his explosive laden truck inside the complex and rammed it into the base. The huge explosion killed more than 50 soldiers immediately. Soon after that other LTTE commanders who were waiting there to attack the complex penetrated inside and attacked the already surprised and confused soldiers. The base was recaptured by LTTE.Later every year this day was observed as Black Tiger Day.First female Black TigerOn 10th August 1994 Angayarkanni become the first female Black Tiger. She single handedly sunk a Navy Surveillance Command Centre Ship.First Indian Black TigerImage: Sengannan, First Indian Black TigerSengannan(Dhanushkodi Senthurapandian) a native of Satthur, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu(India) become the first Black Tiger from India. He was part of the Black Tiger team which raided the Ponneryn base on 11th November 1993 during the Battle of Ponneryn(1993).NOTABLE ATTACKS:1)Assassination of SL President (1993)On 1st May 1993 a Black Tiger suicide attack killed incumbent Sri Lankan President Premadasa.2)Central Bank Bombing (1996)Image: A portion of the building destroyed by the attack.While bomb blasts were very common during Civil War but at that time no one expected that LTTE could launch attack on such a highly secured building. The Central Bank was the control centre of the whole business of Sri Lanka.A black Tiger drove a explosive laden truck and rammed it into the main building. He was followed by a backup team in three wheeler armed with assault rifles and RPGs. These gunmen exchanged fires with the security men and made way for the main suicide bomber to enter the Bank premises.Nearly 90+ people were killed and many more injured. This attack and other following attacks on Government controlled areas made sure the tourism industry saw a drop of 40%.3)Bandaranaike Airport Raid (2001)On 24th July 2001 a team of Black Tigers raided Sri Lanka's only International Airport Bandaranaike Airport and adjacent Air-Force Base.Black Tigers crawled through a narrow canal meant for driving out rain water. Then they blasted the power supply and turned the whole area dark. They were divided into 3 teams. One team attacked the Air Base , another team attacked the Aircrafts stationed at the airport. A small team captured the control tower and used it as a vantage point and provided cover firing to other teams.The Aviation industry was grounded and the Airport was closed for 14 hours. The economy growth of Sri Lanka dropped to -1.5%. Tourism also saw a drop of 15.5%. The total cost to replace the Civilian Aircrafts were estimated US$350 Million.Black Tigers displayed their high level of discipline as there was no civilian casualties.At the end 14 Black Tigers were killed but the real numbers were unknown. It was believed that some black tigers disappeared into the nearby civilian areas and safely returned to the North.4)Digampathana Truck Bombing (2006)In October 2006 a Black Tiger rammed an explosive truck into the Navy bus convoy. More than 100 Sri Lankan Sailors were killed . It was the deadliest suicide attack of the Sri Lankan Civil War.5)Anuradhapura Air Force Base Raid (2007)Image: Black Tigers on a rock before the attackOn 22nd October 2007 a team of 21 Black Tigers raided the Anuradhapuram Air-Force Base. They were supported by Air-Tigers' Light Aircrafts which dropped bombs on the base. At the end of the raid more than 20 Aircrafts were either destroyed or damaged.B. Raman, a retired Additional Secretary of India, released a statement about the precise raid "had been preceded by painstaking intelligence collection, planning and rehearsal."CASUALTIESUntil last Black Tiger Day July (2008) 400+ Black Tigers had sacrificed their life.Even during the final phase of the Civil War several Black Tigers launched suicide attacks most of them were never recorded.RECRUITMENT AND TRAININGVoluntaryAnti-LTTE people always say that Black Tigers were brainwashed by LTTE. But the truth was far from that.Regular LTTE cadres who wanted to become Black Tiger Unit had to send application to LTTE chief Prabhakaran. They were selected based on some criteria:Combat experience. Eg.The type of military operations he/she took part.Family situation. Eg. If a cadre was the only son/daughter in a family his or her application was rejected.TrainingImage: Black Tigers during a training session.Once a cadre was selected for the elite Unit his identity was highly secured. Even his family members and close friends were kept in dark. When it was time for training the selected cadres were sent on long leave. They were then taken to secret Black Tiger base where they got tough military trainings. Then they rejoin regular duty until they were required to launch the attack.Last visitBefore the attack date all the involved Black Tigers were allowed to visit their home one last time. After spending few days with their family and close friends they return back to their base.Last supperImage: Black Tigers having dinner with the LTTE chief.Black Tigers before leaving for their mission had the privilege to had their last supper with LTTE chief Prabhakaran. After that they were allowed to take individual and group photos with the LTTE chief.Aftermath:Next day LTTE used to display the images of the fallen Black Tigers in public and carry it through the street similar to usual funeral procession. Later civilians and LTTE cadres gathers to pay last respect to the fallen black tigers.Images : Hundreds of civilians gathered to pay last respect to 21 Black Tigers who fell during the Raid on Anuradhapuram Air base on 22nd Oct 2007.The identification of the Black Tigers were revealed only after they become martyr during an operation. If a Black Tiger survived the attack his/her identification was never revealed. They were asked to rejoin their respective combat teams or brigades and lead a usual life of a regular LTTE fighters . If required these surviving Black Tigers used to be recalled for another operation(s).BLACK TIGER DAYImage: LTTE chief(L) paying homage to fallen black tigers.Every year LTTE observed Black Tigers Day on 5th July tthe day when first Black Tiger Cap.Miller become martyr. On this day parents and other family members of fallen Black Tiger cadres were felicitated.Black Tigers were the most respected Unit in LTTE.While the outside World saw them as suicide bombers Tamil Eelam supporters considers Black Tigers as suicide warriors who sacrificed their present to secure the future of their next generation.LTTE also avoided using the term “suicide” while speaking about Black Tigers and used a different term “thatkodaai” means “self gifting” sacrificing(gifting) self for the Eelam struggle.EditA valid information shared by Mr . Siva Loganathan in the comment section:“The aim of the attackers was not to commit suicide, but rather to achieve a political or military gain. However tempting, it is misleading to think of suicide attackers as mad, bad or irrational. Far from being cowards, those who engage in suicide warfare exhibit a high degree of bravery that is difficult to match for even the most committed of regular troops. In more normal circumstances, according to psychologists who have studied the phenomenon, suicide attackers would typically be regarded as relatively balanced and with a low instance of the kinds of risk factors commonly associated with suicides. When “Captain Miller” drove his truck into the Neliady schoolhouse, he created a template for heroic action and a rational response to oppression, as well as a soundbite for news programs, a rallying point for expatriate Tamil fund-raisers and a training module for those who would follow him. To be selected as a Black Tiger was the highest honor, since only the most important missions were entrusted to this elite group. With their training and dedication they were, to the Tamils at least, the equivalent perhaps of the British SAS or the US army’s elite Rangers corps. Black Tigers wore a different uniform from other cadres and were issued with three dog tags so that their bodies could be clearly identified by the Sri Lankan authorities after an attack or suicide blast. Before a mission, usually their last, they would share a meal with the Supreme Leader, and a photograph would be taken for global distribution and endless reproduction after the attack. Once a mission had been designated, there were calls for volunteers from within the Black Tiger unit. To be selected was literally like winning the lottery, as one young female volunteer called “Banu” described in an interview with Time magazine in 2006: “They put everyone’s name in a tumbler. They swirl them around. Then the Leader pulls out two names, reads them out and the 48 who aren’t chosen are all crying. But the two who are chosen, they are very happy and the people around them raise them on their shoulders and are all clapping and celebrating.””— Gordon Weiss, ‘The Cage: The Fight for Sri Lanka and the Last Days of the Tamil Tigers’Images source: Googlehttp://tamilmakkalkural.blogspot.in/2010/08/first-woman-black-tiger-captain.html?m=1https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_MillerSoup//tamilnation.co/ltte/black_tigers/index.htmRaid on Anuradhapura Air Force Base - WikipediaEdit