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Andhra Pradesh (ISO 15919: Āndhra Pradēśa)Basic StatsAndhra is India’s 7th largest state by area and 10th largest by population.HDI —The state ranks 27th for HDI rankings among all states and UTs, at 0.643 (medium HDI)Crime stats —The state ranks at 15th among all states and UTs in terms of rank based on crime rate. Its rank based on % share of incidences is 13th. [NCRB report 2016][1]In terms of crime against women, the state’s rank has been 9th according to crime rate, while its rank based on % share is 8th. [NCRB report 2016]It recorded the 13th highest suicide rate in India at 12.1 suicides per 1 lakh people [NCRB Report 2015][2]It unfortunately ranks at 9th in terms of crime rate and 7th in terms of % share of number incidences of human trafficking among states and UTs for which data was available — at 239 cases reported in the year 2016 against 404 of next higher state Karnataka and 3579 of the 1st ranking West Bengal. [NCRB Report on Human Trafficking 2016][3]Health —It recorded the 6th highest number of institutional deliveries among all states and UTs with ~90% children delivered in hospitals in 2015–16. [National Family Health Survey of 2015-16][4]It ranks at 13th among all states with regards to vaccination coverage. [National Family Health Survey 2015–16]Economy —It is India’s 7th largest economy in terms of GSDP and 15th largest in terms of GDP per capita.[5]It recorded 4th lowest unemployment (tied with Madhya Pradesh) among all states and UTs with ~4.5% population unemployed as of 2017–18. [Labour Force Survey 2017–18][6]It ranked at 1st among the states and UTs for ease of doing business in 2018, improving on its previous rank of 2nd in 2015.[7][8][9]It was the 4th most visited state for domestic tourists in the country as of 2017.[10][11]NatureNatural Wonders:Pulicat Lake[12]Pulicat is India’s 2nd largest brackish water lagoon in India (after Chilika in Odisha). Its major part comes under Nellore district of Andhra. The lagoon was cut across in the middle by the Sriharikota Link Road, which divided the water body into lake and marshy land.The lake is the site of Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary[13] that comprises Nellore district of Andhra and Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu.Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) is located on Sriharikota island — a barrier island that separates the lake from Bay of BengalAlarmingly, Pulicat Lake may disappear within 100 years by being filled up with silt.[14]Kolleru Lake[15]Kolleru Lake is a Ramsar designated wetland of international importance — this is to allow the indigenous Vaddi community to continue their livelihood in their traditional ways that preserves and protects the ecosystem. It is the location of Kolleru Bird Sanctuary, established in 1999 to protect the lake.Even so, thousands of fish tanks were dug up, effectively converting the lake into a mere drain. This had great impact in terms of pollution, leading to difficulty in getting drinking water for local people. This is in addition to loss of ecological diversity and intrusion of sea water into the land masses and its fallout in terms of adverse influence on the rainfall pattern in this region. This imbalance has an adverse effect on the thousands of acres of crop in the upper reaches of sanctuary in view of stoppages water flow into the sea because of obstruction by bunds of the fish tanks that appeared illegally. About half of the lake has now disappeared.Protected Areas:→ Logo of Andhra Forest Department [Source: File:Andhra Pradesh Forest Department logo.png - Wikipedia]E-publications by Andhra Pradesh government can be accessed from here: A.P. Forest DepartmentIndira Gandhi Zoological Park in Vishakhapatnam[16]Opened in May 1977, Indira Gandhi Zoological Park is India’s 3rd largest zoo, comprising ~625 acres of area. The zoo conducts various educational awareness activities & programmes for children and students.Sri Ventakeswara Zoological Park in Tirupati[17]Established in 29th September 1987, it is India’s, as well as Asia’s largest zoo, at 5532 acres of area.[18] The zoo was the home of Balaji, the heaviest ever leopard recorded in captivity — at ~140kg compared to the average 70kg for leopards.→ Male Indian peafowl in SV Zoo [Source: File:Indian peafowl SVZoopark Tirupathi.JPG - Wikipedia]Education and Literacy{See: Education in Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}Higher Education:{See: List of institutions of higher education in Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}→ Map of Universities of Andhra [Source: File:Universities Map of Andhra Pradesh.png - Wikipedia]There are 18 state universities in the districts providing higher education in horticulture, law, medical, technology, Vedic and veterinary.[19] The oldest university is Andhra University[20] (ISO 15919: Āndhra Vișvakalāpariṣhat) established in 1926 in Vishakhapatnam.→ Emblem of Andhra University [Source: File:Andhra University logo.png - Wikipedia]Institutes of higher education in Andhra include —IIT Tirupati[21] (currently functioning in a temporary campus Krishna Theja Educational Institutions in Chadalawada Nagar)IIM Visakhapatnam[22] (currently functioning in a temporary campus in Andhra University)AIIMS Mangalagiri[23] in Guntur district (part of Phase IV AIIMS)Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Kurnool[24] - established in 2015National Institute of Design, Vijayawada[25] - established in 2015National Institute of Technology, Tadepalligudem, West Godavari district[26]Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam[27]Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City[28][29] in Chittoor districtIndian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati[30]Research:Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota[31] —SDSC is a rocket launch centre operated by ISRO in Sriharikota island in Pulicat Lake. Established in 1971, it was renamed after Dr. Satish Dhawan, ISRO’s 2nd chairman, in 2002. It is India's primary orbital launch site.The 1st successful satellite launch from this centre took place in 1971 — flight-test of a 'Rohini-125'.School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada (SPA Vijayawada)[32] —SPA Vijayawada was established in 2008 by MHRD. It forms a part of the league along with the other two SPAs: SPA Bhopal and SPA Delhi.Government of Andhra Pradesh is in the process of allotting nearly 60 acres of land, spread over two locations in and around Vijayawada, for the development of the school. Of this, the first 7.2 acres was handed over on 22 February 2010. In January 2012, design for the new campus was adopted as part of an all-India competition and it is proposed to be developed as an eco-friendly campus with state-of-the-art facilities.National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)[33][34] in Gadanki —NARL is an autonomous research laboratory fully funded by Department of Space. It is involved in carrying out fundamental and applied research in Atmospheric and Space Sciences.NARL is one of the prime centers for atmospheric research in the country and operates MST radar, Rayleigh/Mie Lidar, Boundary Layer Lidar, Sodium Lidar, Lower Atmospheric Wind Profiler, Sodar, Disdrometer, Optical Rain Gauge, Dual frequency GPS receiver, Automatic Weather Station apart from regular launching of GPS balloon sonde.Museums:→ Archaeological Museums map of Andhra Pradesh [Source: File:Archaeological Museums map of Andhra Pradesh.png - Wikipedia]Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation Museum[35]—This museum houses archaeological artifacts and treasures of Kalingandhra[36] region (Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts). Collections available for viewing in the museum include ancient armory, crockery, coins, silk costumes, jewelry, stuffed animals, portraits, manuscripts, letters, diaries, scrapbooks, periodicals, and maps — these were used by the early settlers in the region. Many models of warships, planes and submarines can also be found here.INS Kursura[37] —INS Kursura was a Kalvari-class submarine of Indian Navy — India’s 5th submarine. After decommissioning in 2001, it was converted into South Asia’s 1st submarine museum after being towed to Ramakrishna Beach, Visakhapatnam, and inaugurated in 2002 — this conversion is credited to Admiral V Pasricha.Source: File:INS Kursura (S20).jpg - WikipediaTU 142 Aircraft Museum in Visakhapatnam[38]—This museum preserved a Tu-142 aircraft that served Indian Navy for 29 years. It was opened in 2017.→ Tu-142 exhibit at the museum [Source: File:TU-142 Aircraft Model.jpg - Wikipedia]Economy{See: Economy of Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}Agriculture:Agriculture is the primary contributor to Andhra’s economy. 60 percent of the population is engaged in agriculture and related activities.Rice is the major food crop and staple food of the state. It is an exporter of many agricultural products and is also known as "Rice Bowl of India".[39] Farmers also grow jowar, bajra, maize, minor millet, coarse grain, many varieties of pulses, oil seeds, sugarcane, cotton, chili pepper, mango nuts and tobacco. Crops used for vegetable oil production such as sunflower and peanuts are popular.The state has 3 Agricultural Economic Zones — Chittoor district for mango pulp and vegetables, Krishna district for mangoes, Guntur district for chillies.The state is also the largest producer of eggs in the country and hence, it is nicknamed as "Egg Bowl of Asia".[40]The location of Andhra allows both marine and inland fishing — it contributes to 0% of total fish and over 70% of the shrimp production of India.[41]→ Map of Sugar industries in Andhra Pradesh [Source: File:Map of Sugar industries in Andhra Pradesh.png - Wikipedia]Industrial sector:The industrial sector of the state includes some of the key sectors like pharmaceutical, automobile, textiles etc.The state is emerging as destination for the automobile industry which already hosts companies including Ashok Leyland in Krishna district, Hero Motors in Chittoor district, Kia Motors in Anantapur district.The state is emerging in information technology and biotechnology. The IT/ITES revenues of Visakhapatnam was at ₹14.45 billion (US$210 million) in 2012–2013.Satyavedu Reserve Infracity Pvt. Ltd (Sri City)[42] —It is an integrated business city (township) located on NH-16. Much of its are is in Chittoor district, and a smaller area lies in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu. Being at proximity of 55km north of Chennai, the facility has a seamless connectivity to road, air and sea ports within 100km radius. Sri City SEZ is characterized by its strong industrial base, productive workforce, and excellent industrial relations. It encompasses a multiproduct Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and a Free Trade and Warehousing Zone (FTWZ).PepsiCo India’s largest plant is located here.[43] Other enterprises having established their manufacturing plants in Sri City include Isuzu Motors, Cadbury India, Kellogg's, Colgate-Palmolive, Kobelco etc.→ Isuzu manufacturing plant in Sri City [Source: File:Isuzu manufacturing plant India.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Sri City Business Centre [Source: File:Sricity Business Centre.jpg - Wikipedia]Resources:Mining —The state is one of the store houses of mineral resources with large deposits of Chrysotile, mica Asbestos, barytes and limestone India.Andhra Pradesh has varied geological formations with a rich variety of industrial minerals and building stones.Other important minerals in the state are copper ore, manganese, mica, coal and limestone, coal, oil and natural gas, barytes, limestone, diamond, gold, beach sand, bauxite, ball clay, fire clay, dolomite, dimensional stones etc.It has about 1/3rd of India's limestone reserves.It accounts for about 93% of total production of Barytes in India.Tummalapalle uranium mine[44] —Results from research conducted by Atomic Energy Commission of India in 2011 made the analysts conclude that this mine might have one of the largest reserves of uranium in the world.[45] Earlier, uranium reserves were found only up to a depth of about 250m; the latest findings reportedly indicate that the reserves run as deep as 1km.This finding substantially increased India’s capability of producing energy from nuclear plants. As of 2018, India was producing about 3.13% of its energy from nuclear plants. These findings suggest that this output can be increased to more than 30% by 2050; essential if India hopes to reduce its emissions, pollution and use of coal power. This domestic uranium find would not only boost India's nuclear energy plans but also help reduce costs by switching from expensive sources of power like coal.Power sector{See: Power sector of Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}Andhra is a power surplus state, exporting power to neighboring states.Hydro-electricity:Nagarjuna Sagar Dam[46] —Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is a large masonry dam constructed over Krishna river. The dam is 180m tall and 1.6km long. Nagarjuna Sagar dam is designed and constructed to use all the water impounded in its reservoir of 312 TMC gross storage capacity which is the 2nd biggest water reservoir in India.[47]The artificial lift irrigation based diversion of the river from its natural delta area into Nalgonda district caused erosion of fluorine rich volcanic rocks in Nalgonda and contaminated its groundwater supply. It also caused uncertain flows of water into Krishna river delta area and shrinkage of Kolleru Lake. The use of erosion resistant canals interfered with the natural silting process of a river to the deltas and created long-term ecological issues to the health of the delta lands. Reduced flows into the sea resulted in land salinization and sea encroachment of coastal lands in Diviseema. The diversion of Krishna water for 200km to Hyderabad resulted in massive evaporation losses especially in summer and reduced the size of the river.Srisailam Dam[48] —Srisailam Dam is constructed on Krishna river near Srisailam town. It is India’s 2nd largest capacity hydroelectric station. It is 512m long, 145m maximum height and has 12 radial crest gates. It has a reservoir of 616 square km.Solar Power:Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park[49] —At 5,932.32 acres (24.0072 [math]km^2[/math]), it is India’s 2nd largest, and the world’s 9th largest solar power plant, and has a capacity of 1000 MW.[50] It is located in Panyam mandal of Kurnool district.The project was implemented by Andhra Pradesh Solar Power Corporation Private Limited (APSPCL), a joint venture of Solar Energy Corporation of India, Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation and New & Renewable Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Ltd.The park utilizes >4 million solar panels with capacities of 315W and 320W. The panels are connected to four 220/33 kV pooling stations of 250 MW each and a 400/220kV grid substation through nearly 2,000 circuit km of cables. During a sunny day, it is able to generate more than 8 million kWh of electricity, which is sufficient to meet virtually the entire electricity demand in Kurnool district.Wind Power:Andhra Pradesh has ~4000 MW installed wind capacity, and houses Beluguppa Wind Park in Beluguppa, Anantapur Wind Park in Nimbagallu andPutlur RCI in Putlur — India’s 8th, 10th and 23rd largest wind power plants.Nuclear Power:Andhra does not have any functional nuclear power plant. A 6600 MW plant at Kodavva[51] has been proposed.TransportRailways:The rail density of the state is 16.59/1,000 km, compared to all India average of 20.Visakhapatnam railway station[52]In 2017, as part of Swachh Rail campaign, Quality Council of India declared Visakhapatnam as the cleanest railway station in the country.[53]Roadways:Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation[54] is the state owned road transport corporation. Its headquarters is located at NTR Administrative Block of RTC House in Pandit Nehru Bus Station, Vijayawada.It introduced many innovations in Indian road transport scenario:First to introduce long distance night express servicesFirst to introduce depot computerisation - 1986. All 126 depots in the state are computerizedFirst to appoint a Safety Commissioner for improving the safety of passengersReservation of tickets on telephone and door delivery of ticketsAPSRTC entered Guinness Book of World Records in 1999 - with 22,000 buses it has the largest bus fleet in the world.Pandit Nehru Bus Station (PNBS)[55] —The station provides amenities such as miniplex, ticket-vending and kiosks for passengers, and has a city bus port for local passengers.→ Deccan Queen bus owned by Nizam State Railways - Road Transport Division at Vijayawada bus station [Source: File:Vintage Bus.jpg - Wikipedia]Airways:{See: List of airports in Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}→ Map of airports and airstrips of Andhra Pradesh [Source: File:Map of Airports and airstrips of Andhra Pradesh.png - Wikipedia]Visakhapatnam Airport [56]—The only international airport of Andhra, it is the 21st busiest airport in India.[57] It also houses an Indian Navy helipad - INS Dega[58].In 1981, the airport commenced civilian operations with one flight per day.Waterways:{See: List of ports and harbours of Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}→ Seaports Map of Andhra Pradesh [Source: File:Seaports Map of Andhra Pradesh.png - Wikipedia]Andhra has 1 major and 5 minor ports under operation, with 6 more under construction under PPP scheme.It is the 2nd maritime state (after Gujarat) in terms of cargo handled by Non-Major Ports and the 3rd maritime state (after Gujarat and Maharashtra) in terms of overall cargo handled including Visakhapatnam port trust.Visakhapatnam Port[59] —Visakhapatnam Port, the only major port of Andhra, has 3 harbours - the outer harbour, inner harbour and the fishing harbour. The inauguration of Gangavaram Port, located 15 km away, has led to a significant diversion of traffic away from Visakhapatnam Port. This loss of cargo traffic is an important reason for the port's fall from its position as the largest port in India.It is modernising its coal handling berth in the outer harbour to enable it to handle capesize vessels. This will also solve the problem of air pollution caused by the open handling of coal that had earlier led to citywide protests.Gangavaram Port[60]—Gangavaram Port is India’s deepest port, with a depth of 21m. [61] A major client of the port is Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited that runs Vizag Steel Plant, and earlier used Vishakhapatnam Port.Tourism and Pilgrimage{See: Tourism in Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}Andhra Pradesh has many spectacular tourist and pilgrimage sites.Historical Sites:→ File:Buddhist sites Map of Andhra Pradesh.png - WikipediaBuddhist Relic Sites —→ Holy Buddhist relic sites map of Andhra Pradesh [Source: File:Holy relic sites map of Andhra Pradesh.jpg - Wikipedia]Salihundam[62] — Buddhist site in the eponymous village on south bank of Vamsadhara river. Four stupas, relic caskets, and architectural shrines were discovered during digging performed by state authorities, as well as sculptures of Buddhist deities Mareechi and Tara.Ramatheertham[63] — Buddhist remnant site in Nellore district. Black and red Polished ware, terracotta and brick remnant's were recovered from the site.Pavurallakonda a.k.a. Pavurallabodu[64] — Ruined hill-top Buddhist monastic complex probably inhabited from 3rd century BCE-2nd century CE. It is one of the largest Buddhist monasteries of North Coastal Andhra Region.Bavikonda (Hill of wells) Buddhist Complex[65] — Lying ~16km from Visakhapatnam, a Buddhist monastery site on a hill-top. Bavikonda Monastery dates back to 3rd century BCE.Shankaram, Visakhapatnam district — Shankaram village has 2 Buddhist rock-cut caves - Bojjannakonda & Lingalakonda[66]. The sites are believed to date between 4th and 9th Century CE.Kotturu Dhanadibbalu & Pandavula Guha in Kotturu village, Visakhapatnam district[67] — A site of a large stupa, monastery and rock-cut cave used by Buddhist monks - dating to 1st-2nd century CE.Kodavali[68] — A site having votive stupas, a large stupa, monastery and pillared hall.Guntupalli Group of Buddhist Monuments[69] — Located near Kamavarapukota, West Godavari district, consisting of both rock-cut and structural sites. One of the caves has a Caētya arch (facade) entrance - similar to that of Lomas Rishi cave, Bihar.Gudiwada Dibba, Vizianagaram[70] — A hillock in Gudivada village having an ancient Buddhist heritage site possibly of 2nd Century BCE.Ghantasala, Krishna district[71] — It features a Buddhist stupa ~34m wide and ~7m tall — a cube of solid bricks is set in its centre, inscribed with 12 constellations of the zodiac. Ghantasala was once a flourishing town of Indo-Roman trade as well as an important religious centre.Bhattiprolu , Guntur district[72] — A village having central protected Buddhist stupa called Vikramarka kota dibba built ~3rd-2nd century BCE. {See: Bhattiprolu script - Wikipedia}Vaddamanu[73] — Theravada site close to Amaravati. The oldest remains date to the 2nd century BCE. Punch mark coins from the 1st century CE were also found.Gummadidurru in Krishna district[74][75] — Much of the site has been removed by local people for building materials; the lower portions of the main stupa were below the current day ground level and have yielded many sculpted stone slabs showing scenes from the life of Buddha and Jatakas. The site shows evidence of long occupation, from 2nd century CE to 7th century CE.Amaravathi village in Guntur district— Amaravati Stupa[76] is a ruined Buddhist monument, built in phases between 3rd century BCE-250 CE. The site includes Amaravati archaeological museum as well.Jaggayyapeta[77] — It is believed to house one of Andhra’s oldest stupas - dating back to 2nd century BCE. Much of the site was damaged by removal of material for buildings.Nagarjunakonda[78] — It is one of India's richest Buddhist sites, and now lies almost entirely under the Nagarjunasagar Dam. It is named after Nagarjuna, a southern Indian master of Mahayana Buddhism who lived in 2nd century CE, and believed to be responsible for Buddhist activity in the area.→ Entrance to prayer hall of Guntupalli [Source: File:Entrance of Rock-cut temple.JPG - Wikipedia]→ Buddhist Maha Stupa at Bhattiprolu [Source: File:Maha Stupa at Bhattiprolu 01.jpg - Wikipedia]Cave Temples —Undavalli caves[79] —Undavalli caves are a collection of rock-cut Paōraṇika caves, and is one of the centrally protected monuments of national importance. These caves were carved out of solid sandstone on a hillside in 4th-5th centuries CE. There are several caves and the best known largest one has 4 stories with a huge recreated statue of Viṣṇu in a reclining posture.→ The largest of the Undavalli Caves [Source: File:Ananta Padmanabha Swami Temple.jpg - Wikipedia]Borra Guhalu[80]—Borra Guhalu — here Borra is Odia for hole, Guhalu is Telugu for caves — is a collection of agamic caves featuring stalagmites worshipped as Śiva Lingam. The caves are one of the deepest and largest in India.→ Worship of Stalagmite Lingam inside the Borra Caves [Source: File:Borra Caves Lingam.JPG - Wikipedia]→ A view of Gosthani (cow’s udder) river that originates at the site [Source: File:Gosthani River during rains near Borra Caves 01.jpg - Wikipedia]Akkana Madanna cave temple[81] in Vijayawada—The cave temple dates back to 6th-7th century CE and located at the foothill of Indrakeeladri.→ File:Akkanna Madanna caves Indrakeeladri Vijayawada03.jpg - WikipediaBelum Caves:[82]Belum caves is largest and longest cave system open to the public on Indian subcontinent. This cave system was formed over the course of tens of thousands of years by the constant flow of underground water. The cave system reaches its deepest point ((46m) from entrance level) at the point known as Patālagaṅgā.The caves were used to dump wastes from nearby places until 1988. Local people of nearby settlements, notably policemen and residents of Belum village co-operated with Government of Andhra Pradesh and developed the cave site as a tourist attraction. Finally, their ~20 year long efforts resulted in government declaring the entire area to be a protected.Archaeological survey of India (ASI) found remnants of vessels of the pre-Buddhism era and dated them to 4500 years BCE.→ Saint Bed inside Belum Caves [Source: File:Saint Bed.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Meditation Hall inside Belum Caves [Source: File:Belumcave1.jpg - Wikipedia]Category:Archaeological sites in Andhra Pradesh - WikipediaReligious Sites:Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala[83] in Tirupati, Chittoor district —It is a landmark Vaēṣṇava temple dedicated to Veṅkaṭēśvara constructed in Drāviḍa style architecture. The temple is visited by ~50,000 to 100,000 pilgrims daily (30 to 40 million people annually on average), while on special occasions and festivals, like the annual Brahmotsavam, the number of pilgrims shoots up to 500,000, making it the most-visited religious place in the world. The temple is one of the 8 Viṣṇu Svayambhu Kṣētras as well as one of 108 Divya Desam of Viṣṇu.→ Main gate of Venkateswara Temple with 5-storied gateway tower over it [Source: File:Tirumala Venkateswara temple entrance 09062015.JPG - Wikipedia]→ Ananda Nilayam (Abode of Happiness) — the gold plated canopy of sanctum tower of the temple [Source: File:Tirumala gopurams.JPG - Wikipedia]→ Svami Pushkarni — the temple pond [Source: File:SwamiPushkarni.JPG - Wikipedia]Sri Bhramaramba Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga[84] in Srisailam, Kurnool district —It is one of the 12 Jyōtirliṅga temples of Śiva and one of 52 Śakti Pīṭhas. It is also one of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams of Śiva.→ Gold plated sanctum tower of the temple [Source: File:Srisailam.jpg - Wikipedia]Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam[85] —The temple is located on Simhachalam (Lion Hill) and is one of the 32 Narasimha temples in Andhra. It resembles a fortress from outside with 3 outer courtyards and 5 gateways. The temple faces west.Viṣṇu is worshipped here as Varāha-Narasimha — a compound deity formed by 2 of his incarnations.→ Main tower of the Simhachalam temple [Source: File:Simhachalam Gopuram Night.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Canopy of Simhachalam temple’s sanctum tower [Source: File:Simhachalam Temple Vimana Gopuram View.JPG - Wikipedia]Srikalahasteeswara temple[86] in Srikalahasti, Chittoor district —Its is dedicated to Śiva in form of Śrīkālahastīśvara. It is one of Pancha Bhootha Sthalams (5 element places), having Vayu Lingam (Lingam with the element of air) — the only one in Andhra Pradesh.The temple is also regarded as Rahu-Ketu kshetra and Dakshina Kailasam. The inner temple was constructed around 5th century CE and the outer temple was constructed in 12th century CE by Chola kings and Karnata kingsSource: File:Sri Kala Hasti.jpg - WikipediaPancharama Kshetras[87]Pancharama Kshetras (5 Arama areas) consist of 5 Śiva temples, all located in Andhra.Amararama[88] in Amaravati, Guntur district — Śiva is worshipped here as AmarēśvaraDraksharama[89] in Draksharamam, East Godavari district — Śiva is worshipped here as BhīmēśvaraSomarama[90] in Bhimavaram, West Godavari district — Śiva is worshipped here as SōmēśvaraKsheerarama[91]in Palakollu, West Godavari district — Śiva is worshipped here as KṣhīrāramaliṅgēśvaraKumararama[92] in Samalakota, East Godavari district — Śiva is worshipped here as Bhīmēśvara. It is one of the centrally protected monuments in Andhra Pradesh.→ Amararama Temple gateway tower [Source: File:Main Structure of Amareswara Temple.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Draksharama Temple [Source: File:Draksharama temple, Draksharamam.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Somarama Temple gateway tower [Source: File:SomeswaraSwamy-5.JPG - Wikipedia]→ Ksheerarama Temple Complex as seen from the nain gateway tower [Source: File:CompleteTempleComplex.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Kumararama Bhimesvara Temple, Samalkota [Source: File:Kumararama Bhimesvara temple outside view,samalkota.jpg - WikipediaList of Hindu temples in Tirupati - WikipediaCategory:Religious buildings and structures in Andhra Pradesh by district - WikipediaCategory:Hindu temples in Andhra Pradesh by district - WikipediaCategory:Tourist attractions in Andhra Pradesh - WikipediaCategory:Tourist attractions in Visakhapatnam - WikipediaList of Monuments of National Importance in Andhra Pradesh - WikipediaCategory:Buildings and structures in Andhra Pradesh by district - WikipediaFurther ReadingSatyanarayana Sastry garu’s answers on Andhra PradeshVijaya Lakshmi Mam’s answers on VishakhapatnamFootnotes[1] http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/CII/CII2016/pdfs/Table%201A.1.pdf[2] http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/ADSI/ADSI2015/chapter-2%20suicides-v1.pdf[3] http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/CII/CII2016/pdfs/Table%2014.1.pdf[4] http://rchiips.org/NFHS/pdf/NFHS4/AP_FactSheet.pdf[5] http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_releases_statements/State_wise_SDP_01_08_2019_for_uploading.xls[6] http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-18_31052019.pdf[7] Ease of doing business: 18 states claim perfect score in reforms[8] EODB : India & States Ranking Map[9] Ease of doing business ranking of states of India - Wikipedia[10] http://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/Other/ITS_Glance_2018_Eng_Version_for_Mail.pdf[11] Tourism in India - Wikipedia[12] Pulicat Lake - Wikipedia[13] Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary - Wikipedia[14] http://www.nbaindia.org/docs/bulletin6-pulicatlake.pdf[15] Kolleru Lake - Wikipedia[16] Indira Gandhi Zoological Park - Wikipedia[17] Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park - Wikipedia[18] Asia’s biggest zoo beckons tourists[19] University[20] Andhra University - Wikipedia[21] Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati - Wikipedia[22] Indian Institute of Management Visakhapatnam - Wikipedia[23] All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri - Wikipedia[24] Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Kurnool - Wikipedia[25] National Institute of Design, Vijayawada - Wikipedia[26] National Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia[27] Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy - Wikipedia[28] Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City, Chittoor| Top B-tech college in Andhra Pradesh[29] Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City - Wikipedia[30] Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati - Wikipedia[31] Satish Dhawan Space Centre - Wikipedia[32] School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada - Wikipedia[33] National Atmospheric Research Laboratory - Wikipedia[34] National Atmospheric Research Laboratory[35] Visakha Museum - Wikipedia[36] Uttarandhra - Wikipedia[37] INS Kursura (S20) - Wikipedia[38] TU 142 Aircraft Museum - Wikipedia[39] Rice bowl of India worst hit[40] https://web.archive.org/web/20150403094839/http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/Socio%20Economic%20Survey%20Book%20let.pdf[41] AP top producer of shrimp: MPEDA[42] Sri City - Wikipedia[43] PepsiCo inaugurates new facility at Sri City[44] Tummalapalle uranium mine - Wikipedia[45] 'Massive' uranium find in India[46] Nagarjuna Sagar Dam - Wikipedia[47] http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf[48] Srisailam Dam - Wikipedia[49] Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park - Wikipedia[50] List of largest power stations - Wikipedia[51] Kovvada Atomic Power Project - Wikipedia[52] Visakhapatnam railway station - Wikipedia[53] Vizag billed the cleanest rail station[54] Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation - Wikipedia[55] Pandit Nehru bus station - Wikipedia[56] Visakhapatnam Airport - Wikipedia[57] List of the busiest airports in India - Wikipedia[58] INS Dega - Wikipedia[59] Visakhapatnam Port - Wikipedia[60] Gangavaram Port - Wikipedia[61] CM inaugurates Gangavaram Port[62] Salihundam - Wikipedia[63] Ramatheertam - Wikipedia[64] Pavurallakonda - Wikipedia[65] Bavikonda - Wikipedia[66] Bojjannakonda - Wikipedia[67] Kotturu Dhanadibbalu - Wikipedia[68] Kodavali - Buddhist Archaeological Site - Wikimapia[69] Guntupalli Group of Buddhist Monuments - Wikipedia[70] Gudiwada Dibba, Vizianagaram - Wikipedia[71] Ghantasala, Krishna district - Wikipedia[72] Bhattiprolu - Wikipedia[73] Mapping Buddhist Monasteries[74] GUMMADIDURRU BUDDHA STUPA,KRISHNA Dt,A.P[75] Mapping Buddhist Monasteries[76] Amaravati Stupa - Wikipedia[77] Jaggayyapeta and Andhra’s Great Stupa[78] Nagarjunakonda - Wikipedia[79] Undavalli Caves - Wikipedia[80] Borra Caves - Wikipedia[81] Akkana Madanna Caves - Wikipedia[82] Belum Caves - Wikipedia[83] Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala - Wikipedia[84] Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga - Wikipedia[85] Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam - Wikipedia[86] Srikalahasteeswara temple - Wikipedia[87] Pancharama Kshetras - Wikipedia[88] Amararama - Wikipedia[89] Draksharama - Wikipedia[90] Somarama - Wikipedia[91] Ksheerarama - Wikipedia[92] Kumararama - Wikipedia