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No. George Washington never delivered a SOTU in the House. It wasn’t yet built. After Washington presidents delivered a letter to Congress. That letter was the SOTU . It ws read to Congress. Woodrow Wilson started the tradition of delivering the speech in person in the house.

LayersIt looks like you need to place node in /opt/bin in order for it to be found by wscat. So, your layer structure should look like this:Later_1->  /bin  /node  Later_2->  /wscat-layer   /package.json  /bin  /wscat "As is" wscat will fail because it could not find dependencies like ws, read, commander , etc.Layer_3->  /lib  /node_modules  /commander  /https-proxy-agent  /... TestTest using pyshell: python3 pyshell.py export NODE_PATH=/opt/lib/node_modules\;/opt/wscat-layer/bin/wscat --version4.0.1 

I want to declare that while I was an Engineering major in college, I know very little about aircraft technology in general. Nor am I an aviation enthusiast. I am just a regular guy who happened to read both Chinese and English and pay attention to this particular topic because the jet engine is one of yardstick measure one country’s resourcefulness and resolve. Grew up with Soviet-style anti-communist propaganda myself, I have learned to be skeptical and read between the lines, especially from Chinese sources.First of all, the jet engine is HARD.Secondly, let’s get some terminology straight. When we talk about “jet engine” here, we are talking about large thrust, (i.e. has enough horsepower to be used on jet fighters) TURBOFAN engines. In this regard, only a handful of nations are able to make their own jet engine: US, UK, France, Russia, Ukraine, and mainland China, barely.US is ahead of just about everyone. UK’s Rolls Royce kind of falling behind US in recent years. France is struggling to maintain its self-reliance due to relatively small deployment scale and there is no public information on any new engine development; Soviet Block is in a different league, in a sense that Russian/Ukraine engines may have relatively good performance, but they tend to lag behind West in terms of fuel consumption and time between overhaul. This may not be an issue in military applications at first glance, but it has long term consequences, as OEMs can’t produce civilian engines to maintain its long term financial viability.Third, mainland China has been making jet engines for DECADES, start with WP-5 (WP = turbojet, an earlier form of jet engine which is rarely used in aircraft nowadays, but still widely used in missles) in 1956, which is a licensed copy of Soviet VK-1 (1947), which itself a knock-off from Rolls Royce Nene (1944).Not a bad start.Then, there was a Sino-Soviet split. Communist China lost the hand which spoon fed her.One of the biggest reason why China is so lagging behind in jet engine is the Culture Revolution, which thousands of scientist/engineers were purged, thus, created a talent gap which China took a generation to pick up.The talent gap and the politics over ANYTHING, including technical know-how and fundamental facts and sciences, took its toll in all aspect of China’s economy and technology, especially considering that China didn’t have much of an industrial base at first place.China’s early attempt to design a turbofan engine, WS-6 as an example, was severely affected by the political turmoil, significantly contributed to the project’s demise.By the time China got its sanity back, it’s already in the 1970s.At this time, China got a break. UK decided to license Rolls Royce RB.13, “Spey” engine to China. I can’t find anything on the net explains what was the political reason behind UK’s decision, nor can I find anything on how much China paid for the deal.Spey engine was used in UK version of F-4 Phantom. It is one of most successful engine design at the time due to its performance and reliability. China designated it as WS-9 (WS stands for turbofan in Chinese).China and UK signed the license deal in 1974. Since UK committed to transfer technology, but not manufacturing know-how. By the time China overcome all the technical difficulties associated with manufacturing the jet engine (enter so-called serial production), it was already mid-2003. And, even that, I don’t have any information on how China’s WS-9 compare with Rolls Royce’s Spey in terms of the thrust, fuel consumption, and time-between overhaul, etc.Yeah, that is how far China was behind.China has announced many domestic made engines since then, but as far as I know, WS-9 is the only turbofan engine that is manufactured in large quantity and used in a large percentage of its application jets (JH-7) so far. The engine itself is hopelessly outdated by now.China recently (late May 2017) announced that a new domestically made jet engine is used to equip the fifth-generation stealth fighter J-20. The domestic designation for the jet engine is WS-15. The origin of this engine is relatively straight forward: China negotiated the design and manufacturing right for the engine designated for defunct Yak-141 VTOL fighter's engine, MNPK Soyuz R-79V-300 in 1995.Again, take a look at the time between China got the design from Russia (1995) to the announcement of WS-15 used in J-20 (2017). And it is probably just a trial run, not a serial production.WS-15 would be China’s most advanced turbofan engine designated for jet fighter applications.(Russians refused to give out the vector nozzle (Vertical/Short take off ) part of the engine to Chinese in 1995. Some Chinese sources say that during the 1998 Russian financial crises, Russia caved in and licensed the vector nozzle to Chinese)WS-11 is a small turbofan engine. China obtained the design from Ukraine. It is a Chinese version of Ivchenko AL-25. Due to its limited thrust, the military application is limited to trainer aircraft. Note that Ukraine has become China’s strategic partner in this arena. China has formed joint venture with Ukraine (after Ukraine refused to sell Motor Sich) to develop jet engines (details are rare, but it seems that the collaboration is in high bypass ratio engines) and in return, China is helping Ukraine with airplane production, radar, and other technologies.Then, there is WS-13 (medium thrust) and WS-10 (large thrust).Both are being taunted as “domestically designed” and “100% ownership of Intellectual Property.”WS-13 is designed to replace Russia’s RD-33 engine. While I can’t find any information on rather Russia licensed the design to China, some of the Chinese sources implied that China has the design blueprints (RD-33 is authorized to be manufactured in China) and WS-13 is based upon RD-33’s design. Putting things in perspective, RD-33 was originally used on Mig-29 fighter, first ran in 1974!Why WS-13 can be claimed to be indigenous is beyond me.Since the WS-13 is designed to replace the RD-33 engine used in FC-1/JF-17, it has similar characteristics in terms of physical size, weight, and thrust. Chinese source revealed that while WS-13 has higher maximum thrust and no longer have the infamous black trail smoke associated with RD-33, it takes longer to achieve maximum thrust AND Chinese WS-13 requires even shorter time between overhaul than the already dismal RD-33 (compare with, let say, GE’s F404) and shorter life span than RD-33.Pakistan, the sole user of FC-1/JF-17, so far has rejected the WS-13 in favor of RD-33 despite WS-13 supposedly already in serial production. Pakistan stated that JF-17, being a single-engine jet and backbone of Pakistan’s modern air force, prefer a reliable and proven engine than taking unnecessary risk.I can’t find much information about the origin of WS-10. From various non-reliable and non-authoritative Chinese sources, it seems that WS-10 used defunct WS-6 project as starting point, took design cue from CFM56/F101 and to some extent, AL-31F, and use Russian’s control software as basis to clobber together this beast (since Chinese didn’t manage to steal FADEC source code from the West). Some sources stated that the “core” of WS-10 is more closely based upon CFM56 than any Russian design.Of all engines I mentioned earlier, WS-10 is the one which is most indigenous engine out there so far.(Here is where I really wish I know something about the jet engine… what the hell is “core” mean?While I know CFM corporation (50/50 joint venture between US’s GE and France’s SNECMA) has established an engine maintenance facility in China for decades, I sincerely doubt that US/France would give away the design blueprints to Chinese. Did the Chinese manage to get some design ideas/ reverse engineered simply from maintaining/overhauling the CFM56? How does technology from CFM56, a civilian jet engine used in Boeing 737, can be applied to military applications? All these questions, I am hoping someone on Quora and/or someone has an inside track in China can help me to answer. )WS-10 is designed to swap replace Russia’s AL-31F, used in China’s J-11 (which itself a knock off of Russia’s Su-27) and J-10. Last time I check, WS-10, claimed to entered serial production, is plagued with problems including engine failure and dismal time-between-overhaul of fewer than 100 hours. China was forced to purchase hundreds of AL-31F from Russia recently as a stop-gap measure. As far as I know, as of mid-2017, the vast majority of J-11 and its variant (J-15, J-16) and J-10 still uses Russia’s AL-31F engines.For sake of comparison, AF-31, the Russian engine Chinese so desperately trying to replace, first ran in 1981!(I am skipping the development of large bypass-ratio engines, i.e. engines for transport/cargo/jetliners, as it follows similar patterns of development struggles)In short:It is true that China struggles to produce modern jet engines to fit on its modern jets in large quantity and in a reliable manner,It is true that even China managed to produce modern jet engines in large quantity and in a reliable manner, almost all the engine’s design are at least 20 years old.It is also true that China is at least one generation behind the US on a good day.But it is a far cry from “not able to produce jet engines domestically.” Most people are confident that China will able to iron out kinks and be able to produce jet engines in large number reasonably reliably within the coming decade.And having an outdated engine on its own give a huge strategic advantage than not having an engine at all. Sweden’s JAS39 Gripen, otherwise a top-tier lightweight fighter that uses US engine, couldn’t export to many countries simply because some of the potential markets are either competing with US’ F-16 or that the US has security concern and refused to allow the engine to be used in these nations.Similar situation in Pakistan. By having WS-13 available for replacement, however flawed WS-13 may be, China removed Russia’s last choke point which Russia could stop the sale of JF-17. Given the choice, Russia would much prefer to sell Mig-29 to Pakistan directly instead of merely selling RD-33 engine alone and collecting royalty fees from RD-33 designs.Since the jet engine is so resource-intensive, it is one of those things which free-market doesn’t exist and all nations use the power of States to focus its effort in development. It is a testament to a nation’s resolve and organizational skill on top of its technical expertise. From this perspective, China’s achievements, however little as it might be, has been quite amazing.China probably will surpass France by end of the 2020s, as China has multiple engine developments in the pipeline.Who knows, maybe China will become one of the high tech engine makers one day.