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Green Revolution can be referred to a systematic approach applied to the agriculture sector to improve the food grain productivity in mid-60s in India. GR involves multiple factors such as application of fertilizers(mostly chemical), usage of better seeds, supply of water to the crop fields, size of the individual farm land, emphasis on the usage of machinery instead of manual labour, etc. To make GR a success, one has to apply all factors simultaneously. In India, GR improved the productivity only in the few pockets which are Punjab-Haryana, Western UP, Kaveri Delta, etc.Now lets compare the situations and conditions prevalent in East and GR affected areas in the 1960s,1. One of the best and widespread canal network was developed in Punjab(which includes West Punjab(now Pakistan), East Punjab(now Indian Punjab), Haryana(separated from Punjab in 1960) during the British era using the Indus river system(Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Beas, Satluj and Ravi). After partition, Punjab and Haryana inherited the canal system which ensured the supply of ample amount of water to the farms. On the other hand, Eastern India has two major riverine systems - Ganga and Brahmaputra, but canal system was completely absent. Even today, the water management is in pathetic state due to which these region face floods almost every year(Note. Kosi in Bihar, Damodar in Bengal, Mahanadi in Orissa, Brahmaputra in Asom, etc). Agriculture in the Eastern India is mostly Monsoon driven.2. The size/density of the population in the Punjab and adjoining region was far below as compared to the Ganga-Yamuna plains which directly affected the population pressure on the farm land. In other words, the average size of the farm land per capita was/is higher in the former region which makes the application of chemical fertilizers and mechanical machinery more viable economically. In addition, during partition, massive movement of people took place in Punjab where land was vacated by people who moved to Pakistan which was taken by government and distributed among the farmers. Mostly, refugees from Western Punjab settled in Delhi and other regions. In the Eastern India, population pressure is higher which resulted in the lesser size of farm land per capita. It also applies in the distribution of other resources like water. Although Jamindari system was removed and land was distributed among small and landless farmers but it did not provide or ensure the required money to apply fertilizers and machinery.3. British and Independent Indian military mostly recruited soldiers from Punjab and adjoining regions. These soldiers were deployed in the foreign locations and also participated in WW-I and II which provided the required exposure which affects the outlook of the person. In addition, it also improved the economical state of the families and region as a whole because during that time, government was sole employer. It made the people open to change and ideas which eventually made people in Punjab to accept the importance of the GR factors more easily. On the other hand, Eastern India, although politically very active but remains socially and economically very backward even today. Although Jamindari system is removed, fair distribution of land is far from being completed which is the main reason of Naxalism, caste based riots. Even today, massive movement of people, mostly landless farmers, from rural areas to the agricultural lands of Punjab as labourers is taking place.4. Punjab and adjoining regions are located near to Delhi where most of the research and scientific infrastructure was located during 60s. These regions were benefitted from the vicinity of the capital. For example, for conducting soil experiments, a scientist prefer to visit nearby areas as compared to the regions which are not reachable easily or far away.Nowadays, even Eastern India is improving. For example, Chhattisgarh has become a rice bowl of the country. With the linkage of Godavari and Krishna rivers, dependency on Monsoon will be decreased and productivity will increase. With improved technologies like drip irrigation and conservation of water, even the water starved region like Rajasthan, producing Sugarcane(which is water intensive crop). With the improvement in economy and ,thereby, improved investment in the agriculture, one can hope the spread of GR phase-II in the Eastern India as well.

According to the new market research report "Agriculture Drones Market by Type (Fixed Wing, Rotary Blade, Hybrid, Data Analytics Software, Imaging Software), Application (Field Mapping, VRA, Crop Scouting, Livestock, Crop Spraying), Component and Geography - Global Forecast to 2022", the market is expected to grow from USD 864.4 Million in 2016 to USD 4,209.2 Million in 2022, at a CAGR of 30.19% during the forecast period.n the current scenario, agriculture drones are highly utilized in the agriculture industry to enhance or improve various farming practices. Mostly ground-based and aerial drones are used for crop health assessment, crop monitoring, crop spraying, planting and land analysis. The major benefits of employing drones in farming include integrated GIS mapping, health monitoring, imaging, ease of use, saves time and most importantly promises high crop yields. By enabling farmers to create best strategy & planning based on real-time data collection and processing, Drone Technology seems to pack a lot of potential and promise in the Agriculture Sector.Know more- https://iotdunia.com/4-smart-farming-applications-to-transform-agriculture-industry/

I am qualified to answer this question because I am basically from a family that sustained itself for at least a century on agriculture (from my great grandfather’s time, to the extent that I can trace). My paternal family still holds farm land in a remote village of Telangana state and I keep visiting the village, often. So, I think I have some predisposition, or call it a pedigree, if you will; in Agriculture. :-) The fact that I also hold a post graduate degree in Agriculture is just an irrelevant appendix to the main story..Even if our family moved out of active agriculture several decades ago, (after having learnt the hard way that it is one of the least remunerative professions in India), I have not been able to let go of the strange fixation that I have, for agriculture, and continue to dabble with it, especially in its organic version.I also feel qualified to respond to the question because (1) I worked as a Director in the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Government of India, from 2001 to 2003 (2) then as Commissioner & Secretary, Agriculture, in the Government of Meghalaya between 2003–2005 and once again, as Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India in 2007. That should at the least, establish that I have spent some of my time in this domain, if nothing else.Now let us come to the question at hand. It is about how the farmers of the country can be helped. Presupposed here is the reasonable assumption that they need help. Well, yes, in most cases, they do. Let us first analyse what they are troubled by, so we know how we can work toward making the situation a bit more reasonable for them:Nature is unpredictable: Stability of weather is very important for commercial agriculture. Natural disasters keep striking periodically and keep hurting the farmer a bit too often. As an example, the north east region, with its enormous water resources and fertile lands could produce so much more, if only we could make investments in commercial size poly houses that can protect the plants, from the impact of excess rain fall during their growth cycle. It is an irony; heavy rains are a problem for the north eastern region while water deficit is a critical issue in semi-arid zones of the country, from Rajasthan to Tamilnadu. How do we ensure that excess water of a region is channelled to the drought prone areas of the country? Environmentalists notwithstanding, I suppose prima facie that river linking is a brilliant idea. To pursue it, one needs a strong leader with nerves of steel.Enormous influence of the middlemen in all stages of the agricultural production cycle. J.F.Kennedy had said, "The farmer is the only man in our economy who buys everything at retail, sells everything wholesale and pays the freight both ways". What he said of the American farmer is equally applicable to Indian farmer, so much worse, in fact. Most of what our farmers have to buy at the retail is either spurious, or adulterated or extremely high priced. Inputs such as fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides are examples. Distress sales of agricultural commodities are very common in our country, because the products are either perishable and because they cannot be taken back by the farmers because of the costs involved. The consumer too does not gain - the middle-men profiteer from both the sides. The online marketing has changed the situation a bit, but it hasn't yet emerged into a major game changer for the farmers because most farmers are not technically savvy enough to master the mechanics of online marketing. Unremunerative prices and violent fluctuations in prices can be seen a bit too often, to make one conclude that no one really cares for the farmer. Farmers are poorly organized and therefore, collective action is still a far cry. Mr. Sharad Joshi, a former Indian Postal Service officer left his job to organize farmers in the late eighties. We don’t have people like him any more. Recently, onion farmers in Gujarat threw all their onions on the road and protested. Prior to that, the Tomato farmers dumped them on the roads. Please read the news item in The Hindu http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gujarats-onion-farmers-in-tears-as-prices-crash/article18448598.eceVerySubsidisation interferes with genuine market mechanism of demand and supply. I am not an unbridled capitalist. But I know enough economics to know that markets do contribute to systemic efficiency in the long run. If a particular commodity is not getting a remunerative price, then the farmer will know not to grow it the next season and that does create a supply constraint and price recovers. This should be the normal economic process. But once we introduce a Minimum Support Price (MSP), the farmer is assured of a minimum guaranteed price and plays safe rather than to try out other commodities because he lacks information about the future price. This leads to sub-optimal allocation of resources, inadequate research as to the best crop to grow in that season, and enormous gluts in commodities with MSP, viz., Wheat and Rice, and shortages in the others, like Pulses and Millets. There is no MSP for Millets, that used to be the staple food of the semi-arid tracts of the country. Millets are dying in the country despite their better resilience to droughts and being more nutritious. And, the Food Corporation of India’s godowns are filled to the brim with Wheat and Rice, some of which, as per the reports rot in time, or rats have a good time. The whole thing appears to be unproductive allocation of the resources.The exports of some of our agricultural products (pulses, especially) are restricted, for various reasons, mostly to ensure food security. This time around, the government encouraged the farmers to increase the area in pulses, leading to a record production of pulses. In 2015–16, the production of four major pulses was 1.635 crore tonnes. In 2016–17, the total production shot up to 2.24 crore tonnes. While the government needs to be complimented for boosting production in a campaign mode, the challenge of declining prices in pulses because of an increased production had either been not thought of, or not effectively addressed. As a result, the Tur dal prices in Karnataka and Maharasthra have fallen down to Rs. 4000/- a tonne, more than a Rs. 1000/- below the usual market price of Rs. 5000/- a tonne. The situation being what it is, it does make sense to let the pulses be exported out of country, to let our farmers obtain remunerative prices. But, the export of pulses is highly restricted. The export of pulses out of the country in 2015–16 was a meagre 2.5 lakh tonnes and it came further down to 1.37 lakh tonnes in 2016–17. In a year of high domestic production, with stable international demand, isn’t that an anomaly?I could go on. But the question is about what you could do to help the Indian farmers? For the purpose of brevity, I will share a few thoughts here:Encourage them to go organic. It means limited input cost and little suffering at the hands of the unscrupulous traders. And better price too. It encourages dairy too, because they will be required to keep bovines like Cows and Buffaloes which add to the diversity of incomes of the farmers.Skill the farmers whenever you can, so they can get into direct online marketing. May be you could set up an organic farming portal yourself within your geographical zone. Promote organic food consumption whenever you can. Speak about it, write about it and be a strong advocate of it.Encourage the farmers to move out of high volume and low value crops. Switch them over to high value and low volume crops. This will help the farmers dictate the prices instead of being at the mercy of the middlemen. I tried this with great success in Meghalaya. Strawberry, an unconventional horticultural crop was introduced in Meghalaya in 2003, in preference to other routine winter crops. It made a big difference to the farmers. Please read about it here: ‘Strawberry fields forever’ in Sohliya village. Much water has since flown and today I learn that Meghalaya is a major straw berry producer in the country.Collectivize the farmers as much as you can. In the form of farmers associations, or in the form of commodity specific farmers unions, etc. Give them a voice. Their voice should be heard by the policy makers. Collective action gets the best results in a democracy.As far as possible, advise farmers before the seed is sown. Nothing much can change, thereafter.The inefficiencies and uncertainties of agriculture being what they are, I think every marginal and small farmer of the country (with a land holding of below 3 acres), must be given a pension. To be sourced out of a farmer’s prudence fund, an amount of Rs. 5000/- per acre per year, must get into the bank account of the farmer, so he can lead a dignified life, irrespective of the vagaries of the weather and the price fluctuations. This should be limited only to the farmers who are actually tilling the land, not the absentee land lords, and not those who have more than 3 acres of land.Protecting the farmer is like protecting the backbone of India. A healthy backbone will make us stand erect, with confidence. The sooner we realize this, the better it is.