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The short answer is, that in the late 1800s Dr. Alfred Southwick concluded that electricity could be used as an alternative to hanging for executions because it appeared to be quick and painless, and pushed to have it adopted as a form of execution.The search for a modern, humane method of criminal execution was triggered by a freak accident which occurred in Buffalo, New York in 1881. Dr. Alfred P. Southwick (a former steam-boat engineer, noted dentist and dental educator) happened to witness an intoxicated man die after he inadvertently touched a live generator terminal.... As his thoughts turned to common methods of capital punishment, Alfred concluded that death by electrocution could become a more humane alternative, as compared with the more grisly methods (e.g., hanging, beheading by guillotine, garroting, suffocation and flaying). Working through the governor of New York and the state legislature, Southwick originated and successfully promoted the passage of laws which mandated electrical executions in New York and in approximately 20 other states. (1)Beyond the initial idea of execution by electrocution attributed to Dr. Albert Southwick, the creator of the first chair varies a bit from different sources.According to the History Chanel:In 1889, New York’s Electrical Execution Law, the first of its kind in the world, went into effect, and Edwin R. Davis, the Auburn Prison electrician, was commissioned to design an electric chair. Closely resembling the modern device, Davis’ chair was fitted with two electrodes, which were composed of metal disks held together with rubber and covered with a damp sponge. The electrodes were to be applied to the criminal’s head and back.(2)Trying to find original sources for references in the story of who created the first electric is difficult as many often used references do not cite first hand information, and get into the myths and legends of Thomas Edison.Many sources state that American electrical engineer Harold P. Brown was commissioned by the state of New York to build the first electric chair.According to some stories, after Harold Brown saw a series of deaths in New York caused by alternating current lines he began a crusade against the use of alternating current. Most of the stories of Thomas Edison killing animals to prove the dangers of alternating current are actually the experiments of Harold Brown trying to prove to the world that alternating current was dangerous. Edison allowed Brown the use of his West Orange, New Jersey laboratory to prove his claims against alternating current, which included the electrocution of animals to prove the dangers of alternating current.There was a book written, "Edison and the Electric Chair: A Story of Light and Death" by Mark Essig, which goes into the details of Harold P. Brown and his connection to Thomas Edison.It is true that Edison used the creation of the electric chair, powered by AC current, in his propaganda in the War of Currents against Westinghouse. Edison took delight in stating that the first person who was executed by the electric chair was “Westinghoused.”But many of the references and resources about Edison's involvement in the invention of the electric chair were written many years after the event, so it is difficult to separate the mythology from the facts.(1) Alfred P. Southwick, MDS, DDS: dental practitioner, educator and originator of electrical executions.(2) First execution by electric chair

There are many videos and documentaries featuring zahi haw-ass commenting on the invasion of Egypt by the hyksos and other invading caucasoids, what was most ironic about him babbling on in regards to the invaders of Egypt is that he himself and his caucasoid cohorts presence in Egypt is due to his lineage from the very same invaders he routinely blathers on about. The thing that must first be established is the fact that Ancient Egypt and what passes for “Egypt” today are actually two very seperate and very different entities. Except for Upper Egypt (southern region) the population in and around the delta have little commonality with the ancients since the ancients were not caucasoids and were distinctly different genetically, racially, culturally, linguistically, socially and historically from the caucasoids that have hijacked Egypt . The entity known as ancient Egypt was African/Black in origin and personage. Whereas the “Egypt” of today is dominated by a non-Egyptian population that are a conglomeration of caucasoid invaders/trespassers (turks, greeks, romans, persians, levantines etc) who only became historically relevant during the late New Kingdom to the greco-roman period and later in the 7th century by arabs, all of which was thousands of years after the birth and full flowering of ancient Egypt culture and civilization which by that time period had began to crumble and decay due to a combination of national stagnation and poor stewardship derived from a succession of mental pygmies on its throne…the above mentioned invaders (all caucasoids) who were never the progenitors of ancient Egyptian civilzation and who have taken to the oppression and harassment of the actual descendants of the Egyptians of yore who reside in the southern rural regions and who are the most accurate reflection of the ancient population of Egypt. The Egyptian imposters in the north and their european co-conspirators ( all caucasoids) have taken to all forms of lies, fraud and subterfuge, including the creation of bootleg DNA “studies" in order to lay a fraudulent claim to a African/Black heritage that is 180 degrees opposed to that of caucasoids.Modern Egyptians a mixed population with European and Arab strands NOT-identical to ancients:“Classical genetic studies show a high degree of genetic heterogeneity in the modern Egyptian population, suggesting that this population is descended from a mixture of African, Asian, and Arabian stock (Mahmoud et al. 1987; Hafez et al.1986). Genetic heterogeneity within the Egyptian gene pool is also supported by more recent studies using autosomal STR markers (Klintchar et al.1998; 2001).”--Manni et al. 2002. Y-chromosome analysis in Egypt, Hum. Bio, 74:5, 645-658-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"Modern Egyptians are not a mystery, Ancient Egypt was invaded by Assyrians (676 BCE), Persians (525 BCE), Greeks (332 BCE), Romans (30 BCE), Vandals (429 BCE) and Arabs (651 AD). Various DNA test support this historical conclusion, “Y chromosome gene pool in the modern Egyptian population reflects a mixture of European, Middle Eastern, and African characteristics, highlighting the importance of ancient and recent migration waves, followed by gene flow, in the region” Hum Bio. 2002 Oct;74(5):645-658-------------------------------------------------------------As a consequence of the many invasions of ancient Egypt, the population has changed over the years. there were Hyksos from Asia, who melted into the Delta region around 1500 BCE, and then a series of invasions by the Assyrians, Persians and Greeks. with the arrival of large groups of Arabians in the 7th century AD, the racial character of Egypt began to change. The resultant mixtures of Africans, Arabs, Greeks and Persians where to be jointed with Turks, Russians, Albanians, British and French to create a different population that there had been during the ancient times.One cannot say that today's Egypt is the same as the Egypt of antiquity anymore than one can say that today's North America is the same as it was 5000 years ago..From The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Thought, Volume 1 (2010)-------------------------------------------------------------“Outside influence and admixture with extra regional groups primarily occurred in Lower Egypt (northern Egypt) --perhaps during the later dynastic, but especially in Ptolemaic and Roman times (also Irish, 2006).” -Irish 2009, Dental affinities of the C-group-inhabitants..Prof. Joel D IrishBio-Archeologist/ OsteologistLiverpool John Moores University-------------------------------------------------------------“Cosmopolitan Northern Egypt is less likely to have a population representative of the core indigenous population of the most ancient times”Dr. Shomarka Keita PhdBio-Anthropologist/GeneticistSmithsonian InstituteAmerican University @ Washington D.C.Howard University - Human Genome CenterDNA studies: ancient Egyptian mummies show more affinities to Africans than others, and modern Egyptians are NOT identical to the ancients and that cluster with middle easterners, reflecting admixture with foreigners-such as Arabs. Crania of widely used late period datasets show foreign influence and are NOT typical Egyptian series.DNA TRIBESLATE PERIOD DATASETS (reflecting foreign influence) ARE NOT TYPICALLY EGYPTIAN:“Most dramatically, the results also indicate that the Egyptian series from Howells global data set are morphologically distinct (DIFFERENT) from the predynastic and early dynastic Nile Valley samples (especially in cranial vault shape and height), and thus show that this sample CANNOT be considered to be a typical Egyptian series”- Zakrzewski, S. (2004)“Intra-population and temporal variation in ancient Egyptian crania”“ semi-tropical arid tropical zones, SHOW CLEAR LIMB PROPORTION CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICALLY ADAPTED PEOPLE, AND MORE CLOSELY RESEMBLE OTHER TROPICALLY ADAPTED AFRICANS ON THE CONTINENT, THAN EUROPEANS OR MIDDLE EASTERNERS.(Rafter and Ruff 2008, Zakrzewski 2003, 2007; Holliday et al, 2003, Kemp, 2005) undermining claims of cold climate or skin color primacy for civilization, THE GREAT ANCIENT NILE VALLEY CIVILIZATION AROSE from the DARKER MORE TROPICAL SOUTH NOT THE COLD CLIMATE OR COOL CLIMATE MEDITERRANEAN, EUROPE OR ASIA.”--Clark, 1982; Shaw 1976, 2003; Bard, 2004; Vogel, 1997;) Kemp 2005____________________________________Limb length proportions in males from Maadi and Merimde group them with African rather than European populations. Mean femur length in males from Maadi was similar to that recorded at Byblos and the early Bronze Age male from Kabri, but mean tibia length in Maadi males was 6.9 cm longer than that at Byblos. At Merimde both bones were longer than at the other sites shown, but again, the tibia was longer proportionate to femurs than at Byblos, reinforcing the impression of an African rather than Levantine affinity.”Smith, P.(2002)Egypt and the Levant..Leicester Univ. 118-28____________________________________"..sample populations available from northern Egypt from before the 1st Dynasty (Merimda, Maadi and Wadi Digla) turn out to be significantly different from sample populations from early Palestine and Byblos, suggesting a lack of common ancestors over a long time. If there was a south-north cline variation along the Nile valley it did not, from this limited evidence, continue smoothly on into southern Palestine. The limb-length proportions of males from the Egyptian sites group them with Africans rather than with Europeans."(Barry Kemp, "Ancient Egypt Anatomy of a Civilisation. (2005) Routledge. p. 52-60)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Trinkhaus found Holocene Egyptians plotting nearer to, or resemble more other tropically adapted peoples like Pygmies, US Blacks and Melanesians. THE CLOSEST MATCH IS WITH FELLOW AFRICANS. SOUTHERN EUROPEANS LIKE YUGOSLAVS, NORTHERN EUROPEANS LIKE BELGIANS, AND WHITE AMERICANS ARE MORE DISTANT FROM THE U.S. BLACKS AND Egypians. (Trinkhaus, E. (1981) ‘Neanderthal limb proportions and cold adaptation’. p. 211). Trinkhaus’s results confirm studies going back to the 1950s, and recent limb studies by Zakrewski (2003). Raxter, Ruff et. al. (2008) applied limb analysis to ancient Egyptians.THE OUTCOME WAS THE SAME, U.S. BLACKS LINKED CLOSER TO THE EGYPTIANS, THAN WHITES.(Raxter & Ruff, et al. (2008) Stature estimation in ancient Egyptians.American Journal of Anthropology (2), 147-55.)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"It is not a question of "African influence"; ancient Egypt was ORGANICALLY AFRICAN. Studying early Egypt in its African context is not "Afrocentric," but simply correct"Dr. Shomarka Keita PhdBio-Anthropologist/GeneticistSmithsonian InstituteAmerican University @ Washington D.C.Howard University - Human Genome Center

Summary: Courts overwhelmingly reject claims that wind farms make people sick. 48 of 49 cases in five countries since 1998 found the claims of health impacts to be thoroughly unconvincing. The exception accepted claims at face value without checking the evidence.I've recently completed a five-country legal research project and published a report on this subject via the Energy and Policy Institute in Washington, DC. I look through legal databases in the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the British Isles. I checked environmental and land use courts, civil courts and higher courts.Interestingly, Canada is by far the most litigious, and Ontario had almost 30% of the cases by itself. Belief in health impacts varies substantially by geography; where anti-wind groups are strongly pushing the idea, people get afraid and try to prevent wind farms based on their health fears. They fail.Along the way, I discovered something interesting about purported anti-wind experts: they weren't all that expert. I found sixteen individuals with various degrees and credentials that were pretty much unrelated to their 'research' or claims of expertise. It's not my opinion, it's the opinion of the courts. They were rejected before appearing or they were constrained heavily in their attempted evidence to something that they might actually be able to speak about knowledgeably. And on the occasions they managed to convince courts that they had sufficient expertise to testify, their evidence was rejected because it was so weak.Sarah Laurie - Formerly a general practitioner of medicine, but no longer allowed to use any medical title following an ethics investigationDr. Nina Pierpont - Pediatrician and long-time anti-wind activistDr. Robert McMurtry - Orthopedic Surgeon, has a rural property near proposed wind farms, formed an anti-wind organization and sat on the board of the organization, sued developer for $2.5MDr. Michael Nissenbaum - RadiologistDr. Carl Phillips - Scientific Director of The Consumer Advocates for Smoke-Free Alternatives Association; Advisor to Society for Wind VigilanceDr. Daniel Shepherd - PyschoacousticsBill Palmer - Professional Engineer and retired nuclear shift supervisorMike McCann - Property AppraiserBen Lansink - Property AppraiserRichard James - AccousticianEric Erhard - Professional EngineerLes Huson - Master of Science, Structural EngineeringDr. Colin Hansen - Emeritus Professor, Mechanical EngineerDr. Adrian Upton - Emeritus Professor, NeurologyDebbie Shubat - Registered NurseLori Davies - Masters Degree of Social WorkThe outlier case is interesting and instructive. The town of Falmouth Massachusetts put up a couple of wind turbines on their water treatment plant beside a divided highway. The turbines are a bit noisier than average and a bit closer to homes than average. Between them, Massachusetts and the town have three noise criteria that the turbines have to meet: a 40 dB average noise, a criteria related to specific tones and a criteria of 10 dB over ambient noise. Exactly one home had the 10 dB criteria exceeded when conditions were at their noisiest. As far as I can tell from the evidence from Massachusett's Department of Environmental Protection, World Health Organization guidelines for environmental noise aren't exceeded, and the noise at the home was less than virtually every city dweller experiences daily. Despite that and the fact that Falmouth had already shut down the turbines for eight hours nightly, the couple in the house sued. The judge didn't hear any expert witnesses on noise and health, didn't hear that the couple had spent time with one of the biggest sources of health fears -- Dr. Nina Pierpont, vanity-press publisher of a laughably weak study --, and just accepted that the medical records showing diminishing health, including dental injury, were caused by the wind farm. He ordered that the turbines be shut down for 12 hours nightly.So far the best that anti-wind advocates have been able to come up with in terms of attacking this report are ad hominems about me or the Energy and Policy Institute. They found one case in Denmark, which has more wind energy per capita than any other country in the world which they claim I missed. As I was only searching in English-speaking countries where health fears have been rampant, it's not much of an argument; likely there were many cases in Denmark that rejected the evidence, not that the anti-wind types would share them.The report has gone moderately viral, which is good as it's important that policy makers, jurisdictions and developers know that this is a point of law that they don't have to be concerned about.