Environmental Monitoring Program Template: Fill & Download for Free

Question 1. While Using Arc Catalog, Do You Rely On The Default Templates Or Usually Go For A Customized One?Answer :Well, it depends on the project really. Some of the default templates are really good and safe to use. I make the choice based on the project caliber.Question 2. Which Applications Of The Arc Gis Desktop Are You Familiar With?Answer :I am familiar with Arc Map, Arc catalog and Arc toolbox.Question 3. Differentiate Between Gis Commands And Tools?Answer :Commands do not require interaction with the map, they just rely on surface. Tools on the other hand require interaction with the map canvas.Question 4. What Are The Top 5 Skills A Gis Technician Must Have?Answer :Skills in spatial data handling, algorithms, data conversion, model building and database programming.Question 5. What Is The Difference Between Geo-coding And Geo-referencing?Answer :Geo-coding is when you associate a place name or an address with map coordinates. Geo-referencing is the process of associating plain digital images taken from a satellite or a plane with map coordinates so that they can be overlaid on street maps.Question 6. Name The Two Data Structures That Have The Capacity To Hold Spatial Data.Answer :The two data structures that can hold spatial data include raster and vector.Question 7. What Is The Basic Work Of A Gis Technician?Answer :A GIS technician works closely with end users to identify GIS data requirements and handle technical issues. It is also the job of a GIS technician to manage data maintenance and manipulation and handle extraction activities along with ensuring preparation, planning and updating a variety of maps and drawings to be part of a GIS database.Question 8. Define Remote Sensing?Answer :Remote sensing refers to detection and classification of objects on or in earth without physical contact, generally attained through aerial sensors.Question 9. What Are The Key Factors In Determining The Period For Record Retention?Answer :Nature of data, government rules and policies regarding data retention and data privacy factors.Question 10. Do You Know Which Software Does Dc Gis Use?Answer :The District GIS software standards consist of the Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI) products and Google Inc. geospatial services and software. The ESRI standard includes the ArcGIS line of desktop and server software product lines. The Google standard includes the Google Earth Enterprise line of server side products and Google Maps for mash­up type applications. Other geospatial software packages and vendors can be accommodated if necessary to meet specific business requirements.Question 11. What Is A Geographic Information System?Answer :GIS is a system of computer software, hardware, data, procedures and personnel combined to help, manipulate, analyze, and present information that is tied to a geographic location.Question 12. What Is Gis Data Mining?Answer :GIS or spatial data mining is the application of data mining methods to spatial data. Data mining, which is the partially automated search for hidden patterns in large databases, offers great potential benefits for applied GIS­based decision making. Typical applications including environmental monitoring. A characteristic of suc@finallyapplications is that spatial correlation between data measurements require the use of specialized algorithms for more efficient data analysis.Question 13. What Is Spatial Etl?Answer :Spatial ETL tools provide the data processing functionality of traditional Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) software, but with a primary focus on the ability to manage spatial data. They provide GIS users with the ability to translate data between different standards and proprietary formats, whilst geometrically transforming the data en route.Question 14. What Is Geostatistics?Answer :Geostatistics is a branch of statistics that deals with field data, spatial data with a continuous index. It provides methods to model spatial correlation, and predict values at arbitrary locations (interpolation).Question 15. What Is Hydrological Modeling?Answer :GIS hydrological models can provide a spatial element that other hydrological models lack, with the analysis of variables such as slope, aspect and watershed or catchment area.Question 16. What Is Gis Technologies?Answer :Modern GIS technologies use digital information, for which various digitized data creation methods are used. The most common method of data creation is digitization, where a hard copy map or survey plan is transferred into a digital medium through the use of a CAD program, and geo­referencing capabilities.Question 17. Which Of The Following Are Important Characteristics Of A Sdss?Answer :They are easy to use.They incorporate spatially explicit models.They are designed to make full use of available data.Question 18. Which Of The Following Are Examples Of Non­-cartographic Output?Answer :ChartsTables Dynamically linked graphsQuestion 19. What Is A Linked Display?Answer :A set of graphs and maps where items are linked in separate displays.Question 20. What Does The Abbreviation Vrml Stand For?Answer :Virtual Reality Modelling Language

No. On the contrary we now know definitively that mutations are absolutely not random. The whole impossible idea of random damage being an improvement was a bad guess from some 80 years ago, made by people who had no clue about genetics yet. It was largely disproven within a decade, but the pervasive myth of “random copy errors” was taught in schools until 6 years ago due to a powerful group of dogmatically materialistic scientists.Almost immediately after the rise to power of the so-called “Modern Synthesis” of the 1930’s, Nobel Prize winner Barbara McClintock discovered transposition, a distinctly non-random form of genetic change. She made the groundbreaking discovery that when you put an organism under stress, it makes strategic genetic changes. Her discovery was so contrary to the Neo-Darwinian dogma that she was roundly rejected and scorned.Finally, many decades later, she was awarded the Nobel in 1983 when she could not be denied any longer. In her Nobel speech she noted that cells are smart and able to intentionally edit their genomes, as the Darwinian orthodoxy groaned.Barbara McClintock - WikipediaWe have known for many decades that cells communicate using both electrical signaling codes and through encoding carbonic molecules. When we think thoughts our neurons use both electrical encoding and molecular encoding to transmit the specific information from neuron to neuron, from synapse to synapse, in microseconds. Cells converse through chemotaxis, sending molecules back and forth. Our entire hormonal system of cytokines is comprised of encoded molecules.Microbial intelligence - Wikipediahttp://ankara.lti.cs.cmu.edu/11780/sites/default/files/BacterialLinguisticsandSocialIntelligence.pdfIn fact, that explains why biological molecules are so enormous as compared to non-biotic nature. Most natural molecules are about two or three atoms or maybe ten or twenty or even a very unstable 30-atom molecule on rare occasions. Our biological molecules are from hundreds to a trillion or more atoms per molecule. Our DNA alone is 200 billion atoms. And ALL of that extra atomic structure never seen in non-biotic nature is functionally encoded information.So the idea of intelligent cells encoding genetic information should never have been particularly surprising, yet the “random copy error” error persisted for generations, based on the (already known to be false) assumption that cells can’t encode messages.Even in Darwin’s time, before we knew about genetics, Louis Pasteur rejected Darwin in favor of Lamarck, saving millions of lives, much to Darwin’s dismay. Lamarck correctly determined that organisms adapt based on need, so Pasteur, Edward Jenner and others rejected Darwinian randomness and exposed patients to diseases intentionally. As crazy as it sounded to inject healthy people with doses of fatal diseases, the idea is that the organism (eventually tested on humans) would adapt immunity only after exposure to the disease - based on need, not randomness.Immunization - WikipediaOf course it worked. And now we know that the immunity is a complex genetic modification performed by our immune cells upon exposure to an antigen. If genetic edits by somatic cells were random, we would NEVER use vaccinations. Our T cells can easily encode specific immunity traits of a thousand bits of novel data quite quickly when exposed to a specific pathogen - while scientists watch. Although these are not usually inherited (the intelligent pathogens adapt too, so there is little point in inheritance), there should be no question that cells can write lengthy functional gene sequences when the need is present.Yet the myth of random mutations persisted. In the 1960’s, skeptical mathematicians question the feasibility of lengthy encoded data self-programming by random accident. Famous mathematician Murray Eden proposed a gathering of the world’s top mathematicians to discuss the matter in the first of many “Wistar” conferences.The unanimous conclusion of 400 of the most qualified mathematicians in the world was that Neo-Darwinistic “random” mutations was NOT tenable. Not even close.Mathematical Challenges to the Neo-Darwinian Interpretation of Evolution. A symposium, Philadelphia, April 1966. Paul S. Moorhead and Martin M. Kaplan, Eds. Wistar Institute Press, Philadelphia, 1967. xii + 140 pp., illus. Paper, $5. Wistar Institute Symposium Monograph No. 5Although in most branches of science, when the mathematicians tell you that the numbers refute your theory, you go back to the drawing board, this determination just made the Darwinians angrily reject math. The Darwinians present at Wistar complained that the math experts did not factor in the selection fallacy. Eden himself politely explained that any factoring in of mortality of any kind only worsens the numbers, and soon enough he demonstrated that fact as well. No death to any organism can have any positive effect on the likelihood of a survivor having an improved trait. Selection is a subtractive filter only - a foolish logic fallacy.Amazingly, Neo-Darwinism simply avoided all math and science and continued to misrepresent genetics. The Central Dogma took further blows with the discovery of epigenetics. Epigenetics are mechanisms that control the expression of genes, such as methylation silencing genes. Turns out that genes are far from the final say on who we are. Epigenetic controls are enormously important, especially in slight adjustments to existing genetic traits - a fact that diminishes the old slight gradual heritable changes ideas of Darwin.I’m not sure how Neo-Darwinism made it this far, but I believed it myself as a Biology major, so I am embarrassed at my own foolishness, but that is what I was taught with no mention of alternative views. Still, the discovery of horizontal gene transfer should have put all ideas of random genetics to bed once and for all. Of course it didn't, but it should have. Here is how HGT works:Horizontal gene transfer - WikipediaCells in the presence of an antibiotic will develop a resistance against unthinkable odds, but that is when the non-randomness becomes even more clear. A bacterium with the needed trait will duplicate that specific lengthy stretch of information. Then it takes that exact duplicated genetic data and packages it as a plasmid into an EV (extracellular vesicle). It then transmits this EV to a cell emitting a distress signal (because it does not have the needed trait in its genome). The needy cell then takes in the EV, opens it and removes the circular-shaped contents. The recipient cell then reads the data and then inserts it into its genome, saving its life.I don't know how anyone could consider this a “random copy error” but lets also be clear about this: In most of these situations as I described it, there are thousands of bacteria that need the trait, so this exact same stretch of information is being duplicated, packaged, transmitted, opened and inserted thousands of times at once. We never see this happening with unneeded sequences.In other words, cells know EXACTLY what they are doing with their genomes. If you still doubt this, go back and read my description of HGT again. If you still wonder if cells have complete mastery over their genomes, read the following link. A biologist put a simple ciliate under so much stress that the organism tore its DNA up into literally 100,000 pieces. Then the ciliate put it back together again, with just a few needed upgrades, and with NO template to copy.https://bi.snu.ac.kr/Courses/g-ai04/Ref/Prescott.pdfSome scientists still thought mutations were random because they would bombard an organism with mutagens such as UV radiation, which causes unnatural damage. This damage is undoubtedly random, but man-made mutagens did not exist for most of evolutionary history. How any scientist ever thought they were learning anything about natural mutations with man-made damage is beyond me, but we have at least one responder to this question doing just that.Using mutagenic damage as a way to ascertain whether natural mutations are random or not is a bit like going into an art museum with a flame thrower, destroying the artwork and saying “See? Nothing to see here. We have proven that the supposedly creative ‘art’ is just random materials strewn about.”Mutagenic damage proves even further that natural mutations are not random. If you take 100 lab mice in a pristine environment control group and then take one male and one female mouse and irradiate them in heavy UV, you WILL get dysfunctional, weird traits in just the few hundred mutations in the experimental pair’s offspring. Meanwhile, thousands of total mutations in the offspring of the 100 control group mice have no genetic defects whatsoever. This alone should have told us that natural mutations are not random, as mutagens tell us what random looks like.In fact, we shouldn't even discuss good, bad or neutral mutations without clarifying the environment, because genetic edits are a cell’s intelligent stimulus-response to a changed environmental need. In a polluted pond or nuclear fallout zone, mutations are unusually dysfunctional. In a stable, healthy environment, mutations are “neutral” with the same few genetic loci changing back and forth within a static genomic range. In a stressful environment, predominantly beneficial mutations become the norm.The way to determine how organisms naturally adapt is NOT by subjecting them to man-made mutagens, but by putting them in stressful situations and seeing what they naturally do. In 1984, James Shapiro, the biologist who isolated the first gene, also performed the first known induced evolution experiment. An induced evolution experiment is when you change an organism’s environment and watch how it adapts.In 1988, biologist John Cairns performed an induced evolution experiment in which he put bacteria in a minimal nutrient environment with lactose available. The bacteria gained a Lac+ Operon for lactose digestion far more frequently than random happenstance could account for. He called this discovery “directed mutations” which caused quite a stir among the Darwinians that dominated at the time. (How DARE he imply that living organisms intentionally animate? Such heresy!) Soon other biologists, such as Susan Rosenberg, Barry Hall and Pat Foster were receiving grants to confirm or refute his findings, and he was confirmed.Adaptive Mutation: Has the Unicorn Landed?Soon everybody was doing was induced evolution experiments. Most of the results were epigenetic, but some, like Cairns’ eye-opener, were non-random genetic mutations. It turns out that, once you perform an induced evolution experiment and see how the organism responds, you can now accurately predict the exact mutations that will take place if you repeat the experiment. Mutations are not only NOT random, but they are highly PREDICTABLE.Although well over 99% of all possible mutations should be detrimental (if you consider damaging an unexpressed gene sequence a detriment), well over 99′99% of mutations are functional, and of the few that aren’t, well over 99.99% are repaired. The vast majority that still slip through the cracks are usually ignored by the cell, especially if the are heterozygous.In 2011, the aforementioned Shapiro wrote the book “Evolution: A View From the 21st Century”, which went sharply against outdated Neo-Darwinian nonsense and clearly stated that cells edit their genomes according to well-studied environmental monitoring systems. The genome, said Shapiro, is a Read/Write storage mechanism, not Read-Only.In 2012, the Human Genome Project destroyed the old ideas of alleged “junk DNA” when they found that the human genome is at least 80% functional - and with most cell types not yet tested - it is probably closer to 99 to 100% functional. Even in areas of the genome that are neither coding for proteins nor regulatory, there is coherent information that could be activated at any time, such as millions of bits of data that can be activated to fight certain cancers, if needed.Finally in 2013, the NGSS removed the word “random” from their section on mutations, to the cheers of scientists all over the world. Teachers were also instructed to stop saying that all mutations are “copy errors”.In retrospect, it seems amazing that any of us ever believed that mutations could be random without causing rapid extinction. Yet, most laypersons think that scientists consider them random. Nothing life does biochemically is random. So if genetic edits had turned out to be random, it would require some very difficult explanations.There are still some scientists who hold that some mutations are random, while others are not, but they say that we just haven't seen the random ones much “yet”, but this idea is failing fast among mainstream science. As the famous evolutionary biologist and Science Medal of Honor winner Lynn Margulis once stated:“I was taught over and over again that the accumulation of random mutations led to evolutionary change - led to new species. I believed it until I looked for evidence.”

PLC stands for a programmable logic controller. In layman’s terms, PLCs are small computers connected to machines that monitor input from sensors.When a PLC ages out or breaks down, your company can no longer make decisions using the sensor input about external events and environmental conditions.To prevent this from happening, the best thing is to have a PLC programmer regularly maintain and update your PLCs. PLC programmers can design and program plc controlled systems utilizing ladder logic.As you can see this is a highly technical field. Therefore, when looking for a PLC programmer, you ought to make sure they have extensive knowledge of mechanical and electrical systems, and experience in software design.Some good interview questions you’ll want to ask are:1. What skills do you think PLC programmers need to be successful?Demonstrates the candidate's understanding of the role and highlights their relevant industry skills.2. What is the first step when designing software for a PLC unit?Tests the candidate's knowledge of design procedures.3. Have you ever been in a situation where a machine you programmed malfunctioned? What happened?Highlights the candidate's troubleshooting skills.4. How do you prioritize tasks in your daily work?Demonstrates the candidate's organizational and time-management skills.5. What was the most challenging programming project you worked on?Reveals the candidate's industry experience and highlights their key skills.When hiring a PLC programmer, you’ll want to avoid candidates that have poor communication skills and those who aren’t comfortable with frequent travel.One way of making sure you hire the right PLC programmer is to create a position workflow. Position workflows are sequences of steps that guide the hiring process on the position level. Position workflows coordinate tasks, timelines and organize hiring team activities.At Comeet, we use templates to make it easy to build position workflows and make sure the right people are involved in the recruiting process. Full disclaimer, I’m Comeet’s CEO.Here’s a gif that shows you what it looks like:If you want to have structured, streamlined workflows to make better hires faster, request a demo and we’ll gladly show you how to do it.Take care and have a great day.