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I think it’s not a one size fits all.A rapist is not a drug user is not a murderer is not a white collar criminal.Dangerous felons need to be locked up for the safety of others.For other felons, we should look into alternative programs. For instance, for drug offenses, which is a major chunk of crimes.Sherry Sylvester, a director of public policy for the Correctional Association of New York notes, “These cells are filled with people convicted of drug crimes, more than for any other felony.”Drug abuse treatment is therefore necessary to achieve the goals of reducing homelessness, helping people move to work, reducing crime and prison recidivism.Currently, New York State is spending a small amount of money for drug treatment for inmates. The state spent only six percent of its corrections budget on any form of rehabilitation in 2000.As of October 2001, there were 9,300 state inmates on waiting lists for vocational programs, and 11,300 were on waiting lists for substance abuse treatment.In a study in 1997, less than one in five substance abusers in prisons nationwide that had been paroled had received treatment while in prison.A key component for ensuring the effectiveness of drug treatment as Bob Brennan of Phoenix House Drug Treatment agency advises is that the drug abuse treatment be mandated.Although Phoenix House serves both voluntary and mandated treatment, Brennan notes that "research shows that if two people enter treatment, and one is voluntary and the other is mandated by the court, the mandated person is likely to be more successful."One current program that should be expanded in New York (and is already being implemented in other states) is the drug court system. This process allows inmates the choice that in exchange for successful completion of the treatment program, the court may dismiss the original charge, reduce or set aside a sentence, offer some lesser penalty, or offer a combination of these.Drug courts have been defined by the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Justice Programs and consist of 10 key components: Drug Courts integrate alcohol and other drug treatment services with justice system case processing.Using a non-adversarial approach, prosecution and defense counsel promote public safety while protecting participants' due process rights. Eligible participants are identified early and promptly placed in the drug court program.Drug Courts provide access to a continuum of alcohol, drug and other related treatment and rehabilitation services. Abstinence from using illegal substances is monitored by frequent alcohol and other drug testing. A coordinated strategy governs drug court response to participants’ compliance.Ongoing judicial interaction with each drug court participant is essential Monitoring and evaluation measure the achievement of program goals and gauge effectiveness. Continuing interdisciplinary education promotes effective drug court planning, implementation, and operations.Forging partnerships among drug courts, public agencies and community-based organizations generates local support and enhances drug court effectiveness.These rules can best be understood by a hypothetical case of an arrest and treatment of a drug addict.Step One: A treatment clerk will enters the New York State ID Number (NYSID) and arrest number to find out if the defendant previously attended the treatment court. If affirmative, the new and prior cases are linked. If not, a new case is created.Step Two: A clinical case manager then decides which defendants are the best candidates for treatment, depending on many factors such as severity of their addiction, criminal history and community ties as well as basic demographic questions.Defendants are then asked about their family status, including drug use and/or past drug treatment among the people they live with as well as employment status. All questions are answered using drop-down lists and tabbing features, which ensure consistent answers among all defendants and create a database for use in the drug courts.A case manager can quickly review the defendant's complete New York State criminal record by using the technology mentioned above. Once a defendant has been assessed and deemed eligible to participate in treatment, s/he enters a plea, and is put on the treatment list.The median time from drug court intake to treatment placement is less than one month in eight of nine courts examined and less than ten days in three courts.Step Three: Using the Treatment Plan worksheet, case managers construct a plan of therapy for each person. Case managers summarize the progress and treatment, keeping the judge updated on every participant. Through the list, case managers can monitor a participant's attendance for scheduled court appearances, on-site services and meetings with case managers.Step Four: All information gathered at the Treatment Court comes together in the courtroom. The judge and attorneys review case information and decide on further options.A report submitted to the US Bureau of Justice Assistance and the New York State Unified court system shows that the system is showing great promise.The drug programs’ one-year retention rate exceed the national standard of 60% for drug courts in eight of eleven courts studied, with five New York State courts exceeding 70%. The survey was careful to study a wide range of facilities and vary the locations when measuring feasibility.Studying the mix of geographic areas, programs were looked at that contained a wide variety of modes of drug courts. As a result, all six drug courts (Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, Suffolk, Syracuse, and Rochester) reduced recidivism an average of 29% over the three-year post-arrest period and an average 32% reduction over the one-year post-program period.Post-program recidivism reductions ranged from 19% to 52% with an average reduction of 32%.When in-program to post-program recidivism rates, recidivism did not rise in the post-program period, but rather declined in three of the six courts.This program would not only be morally lucrative but financially sound as well. Considering a person convicted of possessing four or more ounces of cocaine faces a mandatory minimum prison sentence of 15 years (and may be sentenced to life), drug crimes are an expensive business.Drug rehabilitation programs have saved New York State $254 million in incarceration costs, according to the Center for Court Innovation study.Considering a majority of drug addicts in prison are not receiving treatment, the amount of money that could be saved by the government could triple or quadruple from that amount. Money put into drug treatment could actually be counted as an investment for the city.According to Center for Court Innovation, Offenders who completed court-supervised programs were 29 percent less likely to be re-arrested, which means 29 percent less prison cells required to be funded and maintained. In other states, drug treatment programs for inmates are being implanted with excellent results.According to a study done in Lafayette, Louisiana showed that a drug offender can cost $88,000 in incarceration rates alone, but intensive treatment would only have cost about $5,000. Clearly, it is a financially sound choice to advocate treatment.15th Judicial District Judge Jules Edwards III, who helped start the local drug court in his home town of Lafayette, Louisiana argued that "The knee-jerk lock-'em-all-up approach is mindless, expensive, dehumanizing and horribly shortsighted," and alternatives must be found.In the program he started, (Focused Intervention through Sanctions and Treatment or FIST) inmates are required to work with staff to achieve a plan to “go straight.” They are given frequent drug tests and are required to attend weekly court appearances, counseling, and group meetings as well as hold down a job.Although this might seem extreme, the Judge points to recent statistics show that recidivism rates after one year of graduation from FIST are 7 percent, meaning there is a 93 percent success rate. After two years, recidivism rates climb slightly to 11 percent.Other states have different, but no less successful methods. In Iowa, a specific judge is assigned to the drug treatment program. Also the program consists of probation officers, prosecutors, defense attorneys, substance-abuse providers, and other people as needed.This team meets with participants weekly to deal with rule infractions, with the goal to praise and encourage those who are doing well. Inmates get help with finding employment and a place to live, taking classes in managing money, mental health and domestic issues, as well as other programs, like obtaining drivers’ license.All programs require intensive, ongoing substance-abuse treatment; participants are very closely monitored, and if they relapse, consequences are immediate.The preliminary findings have been successful, with a study of the Maricopa County Drug Court in Arizona showing that after 36 months, 33.1% of drug court participants had been rearrested, compared with 43.7% of the control group.Findings were similar in a study of the Wilmington, Delaware Drug Court. Drug court participants and a comparison group were followed for 12 months. One-third (33.3%) of the drug court participants were recidivists, compared with more than one-half (51.1%) of the control group. (Source List)

What are some of the most effective ways for small businesses to leverage Facebook Groups for advertising?Step 1. Stop thinking of it as advertising. :)Step 2. Switch the mindset - Facebook Groups are an avenue for Providing Massive Value to your Audience to gain Followers (in the broad sense, not necessarily literal Followers like Instagram or Twitter) and build trust.If you want big returns, don’t just Create Value.Create Massive Value.When you create Massive Value, you get Followers, and if your content really is valuable, after a period of time you will naturally gain trust.Once you gain trust, you will make money.Once you’ve read this answer from start to finish, you’ll understand why and how Facebook Groups work, and most importantly:How to make Facebook Groups work for You.The Most Effective Ways for Businesses to Leverage Facebook Groups [to get customers]Facebook Groups are one of the best ways of generating leads these days. This is because they make it easy to develop relationships with total strangers.Besides eventually making money, they also provide:Ways of gaining customer insightWhat problems are your customers having that you aren’t solving yet?What is holding them back from making a purchase decision?What are some of their unmet needs?Test Subjects for Prototype Products, AKA Guinea pigsTrust doesn’t only go one way - groups are a great way to test out new products and services. The kinds of people who are active in groups are the same kinds of people who are Early Adopters.Properly Marketing through Facebook Groups follows the Jab, Jab, Jab, Right Hook model - the most relevant model of sales & marketing today.Jab, Jab, Jab, Right Hook is from a book by Gary Vaynerchuk - what are the Jabs and Right Hook all about? Gary explains:Jabs are the value you provide your customers with: the content you put out, the good things you do to convey your appreciation. And the right hook is the ask: it’s when you go in for the sale, ask for a subscribe, ask for a donation.The success of the Facebook Group Model for generating leads is dependent on you providing enough Value to people so that they:Feel incentivized to join the Group (and stay)Contribute to the discussion themselvesCan use your content somehowTrust the group, and by extension, youEventually do business with you in some way.Before Starting Your GroupThere are some questions to ask:What will be your…?Niche - obviously your Group will likely be about your industry, but:What will be the scope of your group? Will it be about…Your entire industryTroubleshooting specific issuesStrategizingSupport for a specific product or serviceCoachingTips & TricksConsumer ResearchSpecial OffersTarget Audience - Who are you targeting? (see below)Target Audience: Who is Your Group For?This is important, because it’ll impact eveyrthing from Step 1 to Step 10.Once you find a niche, you’ll want to answer some questions about the people who might be interested in it.What demographics make up your audience?Is your Group for any potential customer? Past customers? Current Customers only? A specific type of customer (like consumer vs. Enterprise, or vice-versa)What are people hoping to gain by joining your group?Are they seeking Pain Avoidance, or Gaining Pleasure?(the 2 motivations for making a Buy decision)Are they seeking information, freebies, support, encouragement?There are many more questions to ask - think about everything you posibly can abotu your Target Audience. The better you know your Audience, the better your Group will do.This isn’t just B.S. - because the better you know your Audience, who the group is for, why they’re joining, what they want to get out of it, etc., the better you can desceribe the group.And the clearer it is who and what the group is for, the more people will join.When you know the answers to these questions, you can move on to what Value you will provide.The type(s) of Value you offer will vary depending on your audience.How to Provide Massive Value to Your Facebook GroupNow - Who’s your Audience? Once you’re thinking specifically you can fine-tune this list. In the meantime, consider the value behind:FAQsTemplatesBusiness PlansGraphic DesignsSpreadsheetsEtc.CalculatorsIf you were in Real Estate:Mortgage CalcRent vs. Buying CalcMoving Costs CalcWorksheetsIf you’re in the mindset space:How to shift to an abundance mindsetGratefulness WorksheetGetting out of a rut WorksheetEtc.Product / Service Comparison GuideGeneral ResourcesRelevant industry…Contact NumbersEmail AddressesWebsitesEtc.Example 1Let’s say you’re in the Orthodontics space, likely with a brick-and-mortar location.You could create a group for patients with tips for how to care for braces properlyTips and tricks for how to make the experience as painless as possibleMembers can show support for one another by answering questions - imagine the possibilities:Braces hurting randomly this morning?!?! Is this normal?!Is is safe to eat apples without cutting them?What if you allowed people who are just thinking about getting braces?Like people who are choosing between braces and Invisalign or Smile Direct , or something similar?Answer these people’s questions. Get a fair share of them as customers later.The cool thing is, it doesn’t have to be all you that’s doing the answering and engaging. Once you get the ball rolling, members of the group will step in themselves.Roughly 20% of your members are going to be doing 80% of the discussion, and you will have some people who never seem to post - but there are ways to increase engagement too.Example 2If you’re in Real Estate (Mortgage Loan Originator, Realtor, Moving Company, Inspection Company, etc.).Create a group that acts as a guide for people moving to your areaBe sure to provide a Variety of Resources to cover various stages of moving.Assist in their Preliminary ResarchWhy move to Tampa, FL? (for example)What are the local hot spots?What are the best neighborhoods?Which schools are most desirable?What is there to do on weekends?How many kid friendly public events are there?How bike-friendly?What neighborhoods are walkable?Where is traffic the worst?Make it easy to make a decisionOnce they’ve moved, they’ll need contacts.Electric Companyother Local UtilitiesTrusted Contacts likeHairdressersPlumbersContractorsLocksmithsGrocery DeliveryDog Walkersand more…Imagine the possibilities! The more comprehensive your group, the more value you provide, the more likely you are to get business out of it.Why does all of this work? Why put in so much work and hope you make money in the end?Because this model is built into us as Humans. It’s in our psychology.We evolved to respond to favors with reciprocation. You do something for me, I feel obligated to do something for you.Not only that, but we’re built to trust people who help us. People who help us in a significant way are automatically framed as Leaders in our minds.By providing a lot of value, you’re positioning yourself as an Authority. We view Leaders as Authorities, and Authorities as Leaders.Leaders are who we trust. We buy from people we trust.Make sense? If it doesn’t, please let me know which parts need clarifying, and I’m happy to elaborate further or explain things in a different way.What other questions do you have?If you’d like more help with this, I’d be happy to answer any questions you have. We can even hop on the phone and have a strategy session if you like.I’m not selling anything, promise. The most I’d ever ask you for is a review of your experience, if it helps you.Thanks for the opportunity to answer :)-Dev, Dev Bev Co

I am a student at Imperial College, currently studying Physics. While there is definitely a high chance of you being accepted after your first attempt, it will depend on how good your A-Level results are. I will share how I studied for my A-Levels (or your equivalent, if you are abroad), and what I did to make sure that I got the top grades. I have used roughly the same strategy for about 5 years now, and it hasn’t failed me once. Here, I will give a rundown of what I do, when I do it, so that hopefully it will benefit you:1 month before the course beginsUsually, I would have already started preliminary reading of the course I will be doing. This is the time where I research and collect as many different resources that I can find: books, videos, YouTube playlists, websites, anything that I can find, which will help me down the line. Finding PDFs of worksheets that I will use to consolidate my learning is something that I do often.Think of it like stockpiling, you need to find and store as many things as possible so that you can never run out of resources to use.Daily, as soon as the course beginsAs soon as teaching begins, I study for about 2 to 3 hours a day, making sure that I have concise notes on the day’s learning, and that I can apply the learning to problems and exam questions. This can take the form of doing practice problems, or at the very least, writing down the process by which you will go about answering the problem. This is where step 1 comes in handy, as you will have a lot of resources and questions to do, which will help you in your courseWeekends and HolidaysThe weekends are primarily for exam practice and problem-solving. No notes are taken at this time, as they should be done as soon as possible. The real learning comes from the practice, and so that should be the main focus. Making sure that you correct your answers is key as well, highlighting them to make them stand out, so you don’t make the same mistakes again. This will also come in handy during exam preparation.In my case, I have a holiday before any big test, and so the holidays is when the exam preparation happens. Exam questions and timed exams are the bulk of this portion. Getting to grips with the timings of the exams is key, as a lot of people either don’t have time to finish the exam, or rush through the exam, because of a lack of time management, so do as many exams as possible.Again, the first step would have helped you here as well, as you will have searched for as many past and mock exam papers, so all that will be left is to do them!The week of the examProvided that you have done the previous steps, there will be no need to do any last-minute cramming. This portion of time is dedicated to the hardest topics in the course for you. Whatever you have trouble with, this is the time to deal with those issues. At this point, there should only be a few things that you need to iron out, and so this is the time and place to do it.The day of the examMake sure that you take an early night, wake up early the next morning, and make sure that you are hydrated and energized. Flick through a few notes, but don’t stress too much about the exam, you have already done the hard work beforehand.Try to keep to yourself, as studies have shown that social interactions before a test can increase your anxiety.Just walk into the exam room, take a deep breath, and take the test.At this point, you would have done so many past papers, you will recognize half the questions on the paper. You will know how to do most of the questions, and you have enough time to finish the rest. Plough through the paper, and don’t forget to check over your answers at the end.Final PointsFinally, make sure that your personal statement is good and that you have prepared well for the interview. Your A-level revision will help you in the interview, but make sure to do some preliminary reading as well.Hopefully, this will help you to get into Imperial. Hope to see you there soon!!Please go follow my space, Productive and Positive, and follow me for more answers like this. Thanks.