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Thanks to Anonymous for the A2A.For most practical purposes, the author doesn't need to register for copyright. The general principle in copyright law applies pretty much worldwide: copyright subsists in you the moment you created the work.Normally, it is your publisher's legal and rights department that handles the formal copyright registration, and this happens (from your point of view) when your manuscript has been accepted for publication. As an author, you are normally uninvolved in copyright registration matters.There is a practical aspect for leaving formal copyright registration to the publisher's legal team: they are in a better position to assess what additional rights are registrable, and if those are indeed registrable, they may potentially conflict with the author's own registrations.Having said the above, it is perfectly fine for an author to do his own copyright registration as a way of closing up potential legal loopholes. In the main, though, it is the publisher's job to register copyright.

This issue comes up so frequently that I blogged about it more than three years ago (Doing Business in CA? Be Sure to Register - The High-touch Legal Services® Blog...for Startups!).While Mike Emeigh provided the correct answer, he is incorrect in stating that there is not a relevant explicit definition. Quoting from the post cited above:Sometimes California-based entrepreneurs think that they can avoid CA registration fees and taxes by forming their business entities in another state. Usually, that belief is incorrect. If the entity is doing business in CA, then it must register with the CA Secretary of State, even if the entity was formed elsewhere.So what constitutes “doing business” in CA? The term used in the Corporations Code is to “transact intrastate business”. That term is defined as “entering into repeated and successive transactions of its business in this state, other than interstate or foreign commerce”. (That term is defined in Section 191(a) for corporations and Section 17001(ap) for limited liability companies).Any foreign (non-CA) startup that is headquartered in CA is likely to enter into “repeated and successive transactions” with suppliers, customers and other businesses that are located in the state. This is true even if the business is operating a website on servers located thousands of miles away. As a result, the entity will need to register in CA.Indeed, registration is required before transacting intrastate business (Section 2105(a) for corporations, Section 17451(a) for LLCs). A foreign entity that conducts intrastate business without registering is subject to financial penalties and is precluded from maintaining in California courts actions arising from such business (Section 2203 for corporations, Section 17456 for LLCs).If you are in CA running a business - even an online one - it is highly likely that you will be "doing business", thus required to register in CA.

Yep."The most foolish mistake we could possibly make would be to allow the subject races to possess arms. History shows that all conquerors who have allowed their subject races to carry arms have prepared their own downfall by so doing. Indeed, I would go so far as to say that the supply of arms to the underdogs is a sine qua non for the overthrow of any sovereignty." - Adolf Hitler