Journal Of Dental Research: Fill & Download for Free

Nicotine relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter favoring acid reflux. Furthermore, smoking reduces saliva production. ... Snus is a form of smokeless tobacco product commonly produced and used in Sweden. Multiple studies, including one published in the Journal of Dental Research, indicate that chewing sugar-free gum for half an hour after eating may reduce symptoms of acid reflux. These findings aren't universally accepted, though. Opinions are mixed about peppermint gum in particular. Go to my Profile and you can find all GERD/Heartburn/Acid

There are a lot of dental research journals: Google journals for dental researchIf you already have your paper:Choose one journal.Read their author's guidelines.Prepare your paper.Submit your paper.Wait for the reviewers answer.If you don't have a research topic, you have to choose one and do the research.

This topic was discussed on Quora in 2018 [1], but with such ridiculous misinformation that it deserves a better informed answer. I answered briefly on that thread in August 2019, but the absurdity of several other people’s answers (like thinking the nerves secrete the teeth or that the nerves of the teeth are there just “by accident”) should not stand unchallenged. One “semi retired dentist” whom someone else called out for his wrong information, responded “So write a better answer.” I wasn’t the one who called him out, but I rise to the challenge anyway, with more supportive references than I gave before.Let’s start with some basic dental anatomy. I offer the following figure from my own textbook [2].A tooth has nerves in two places. One is the pulp cavity, shown here in red with yellow nerve fibers entering the root canals from below. This cavity is what is reamed out and filled with gutta-percha in a root canal procedure. The blood supply in this cavity nourishes the inner tissue (dentin) of the tooth. The other site of nerve fibers is the periodontal ligament, the thin pink line I show between the cementum and alveolar bone (jawbone); I didn’t try to explicitly illustrate the nerves there, but they’re important to our discussion. The teeth are not directly bound to the jawbones or held rigidly in place (and contrary to common belief, teeth are not bones). The periodontal ligaments allow teeth to move slightly in their sockets as we chew, and these nerves sense that movement.To be sure, the nerves of the teeth provide sensitivity to heat, cold, and pain. It’s difficult to see an evolutionary basis of dental thermoreception (how perception of heat and cold on the teeth would have survival value, considering what our prehistoric ancestors ate—no popsicles or hot tea), but presumably there is one. It’s not hard, though, to see the value in awareness of pain from the teeth.Even more important though, I think, is proprioception—the brain’s unconscious awareness of the position and movement of body parts. This word literally means perception of one’s own [body] as opposed to perception of external stimuli. To take an obvious example, proprioception is the reason why (if you’re not drunk) you can extend your arm, close your eyes, and accurately bring your fingertip inward to touch your nose. Proprioception is crucial to all our limb movements; our ability to walk, run, or dance; even our ability to stand and sit up straight and maintain posture. Proprioception is a form of mechanoreception—sensory awareness of mechanical stimuli (as opposed to smell, vision, etc.).Proprioception is important in our teeth, too, even though we seldom think as much about this. It is the reason we can feel a tiny bit of food stuck between our teeth, leading us to try to dislodge it with the tongue or remove it with floss or a toothpick. It’s one way we know we’ve chewed our food enough to swallow it.Both the periodontal ligament and the dental pulp contain not just pain fibers, but also nerve fibers specialized for proprioception. I can do no better in explaining this than the following author, Portland dentist and researcher Jay Harris Levy, DDS, writing in a dental journal with this continuing education course for dentists. You can read the entire article (including 27 literature references) here [3]. It’s very enlightening to anyone seriously interested in this (and should be read by other Quorans who have posted some absurdly wrong information on this site). I give you Dr. Levy:MechanoreceptionTeeth are specialized organs that function to nourish and sustain life. While people eat, the brain rapidly compares food’s texture and hardness in the mouth to previous encounters and determines the best chewing strategy. Optimal chewing forces and rhythms are developed based on tactile sensory feedback from the food bolus’s contact with the teeth and soft tissues as the bolus progressively becomes smaller. The ability of a tooth to endure the rigors of mastication depends on having a durable stone-like structure and a complex neural control system to maintain the tooth’s integrity. The cornerstone of this neural control system is an exquisitely sensitive network of mechanoreceptors within the tooth and its periodontal ligament. Dental mechanoreceptors play a crucial role in providing tactile sensory feedback that minimizes the stresses that teeth endure while they pulverize vast quantities of food in a lifetime. Under the influence of pathologic conditions such as malocclusion or central nervous system disease, the teeth’s mechanosensory system can play a key role in promoting destructive oromotor behaviors, such as bruxism and clenching.San Diego dentist William Halligan reports here [4] on the troublesome sensory illusion and chewing dysfunction experienced by one of his own patients with faulty dental proprioception. Proprioception defects can be a factor in such serious syndromes as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, nighttime tooth grinding (bruxism), and malocclusion (or illusions of malocclusion—a sense that one’s upper and lower teeth aren’t meeting properly even if they are). Loss of proprioception is also the reason why tooth loss and substitution of dentures are associated with defects in the perception of food in the mouth and the control of jaw movements in chewing [5]. Crum and Loiselle (both DDS), also attest to the importance of dental proprioception to mastication and to the preservation of one’s natural teeth [6].I taught dental (and other) histology and oral (and other) anatomy for 40 years, so I’ve been interested in this for a long time. Several practicing dentists got their first introduction to dental anatomy from me. My own dentist (Dr. John F. Harrington) was one of my students in the late 1970s. A couple of years ago, he and I discussed this proprioception issue; my student became my teacher when I was less aware of the sensory significance of the periodontal ligament. Until then, I thought of the ligament as only the tooth’s anchorage to the jaw, with a little bit of give to it to prevent tooth cracking during chewing. He pointed out that his patients who have dental implants, and who therefore lack the periodontal ligament on those teeth, more often damage their teeth by excessive bite force than people damage their natural teeth. Levy [3] says the same thing: that patients who lack dental proprioception, as in artificial (“nonvital”—nonliving) teeth, exhibit abnormally rapid tooth wear with “excessively high fracture rate” and sometimes “catastrophic fractures” of their teeth because, with the brain unable to monitor bite force and chewing motions, they bite too hard.As Dr. Levy states in the above abstract, this proprioception (mechanoreception) is an important “complex control system to maintain the tooth’s integrity.” Dr. Harrington’s account to me of patients without proprioception damaging their implants by biting too hard confirms this.My conversation with Dr. Harrington stimulated me to read up in the literature on dental proprioception, and that, in turn, led me to revise my three textbooks of anatomy (including [2]). Certain Quora respondents should also revise or delete their poorly informed, misleading, and irresponsible answers.——————————-ReferencesWhat is the evolutionary reason for teeth to have nerves?K.S. Saladin. 2018. Anatomy & Physiology—The Unity of Form and Function, 8th ed. (McGraw-Hill).J.H. Levy. 2009. Teeth as sensory organs. Inside Dentistry. 2(3). Online continuing education course, https://www.aegisdentalnetwork. com/id/special-issues/2009/10/teeth-as-sensory-organs.W. Halligan. 2019. How’s your patient’s proprioception? https://halligantmj.com/hows-your-patients-proprioception/I. Kineberg & G. Murray. 1999. Osseoperception: sensory function and proprioception. Advances in Dental Research. 13:120–129. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11276734R.J. Crum & R.J. Loiselle. 1972. Oral perception and proprioception: a review of the literature and its significance to prosthodontics. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 28(2):215–230.