Personal Training Terms And Agreement: Fill & Download for Free

Athletic Training vs Bodybuilding — What’s the Difference?1. Definition of the Word 'Athlete'The American Heritage Dictionary defines the word "athlete" as "a person possessing the natural or acquired traits, such as strength, agility or endurance, that are necessary for physical exercise or sports, especially those performed in competitive contexts."The way I see it, if a bodybuilder doesn’t at the very least possess "strength and endurance necessary for physical exercise," I don’t know what other kind of athlete does. If you have any doubts, next time you’re in your gym, find the biggest bodybuilder in sight and challenge him to see who can lift the heaviest weights for the longest period of time.2. Definition of the Word 'Bodybuilder'Let’s now examine the word "bodybuilder." A bodybuilder is defined as "a person who develops the musculature of the body through specific types of diet and exercise, such as weightlifting, especially for competitive exhibition." It is logical to me that studying this definition, you would arrive at the assertion that a bodybuilder is indeed an athlete; a bodybuilder develops his musculature through diet and exercise, and to do this successfully, he must possess "the natural or acquired traits, such as strength, agility or endurance necessary for this physical exercise."By the way, if you re-examine the definition of bodybuilder, you will see that it also contains the words “especially for competitive exhibition.” This is the only part of the definition that I am not in total agreement with. To me, this term should be broadened to include anyone using weight training to change the shape of his or her body.3. Professional Athletes and BodybuildingIt is a well-known fact that professional athletes of all kinds use weight training (bodybuilding) to improve their strength and performance at their sport. Not all bodybuilders are good athletes, but most good athletes are bodybuilders to a greater or lesser degree. I believe that if you were to examine those elite athletes who possess "staying power" in their sport year after year, the one consistent factor in their preparations would be bodybuilding you can call it resistance training or weight training if it makes you feel better.Labrada's Final VerdictMy conclusions? Bodybuilding is the foundation sport for all sports. And yes, bodybuilders are athletes. And if anyone ever makes the mistake of telling me I’m not an athlete, they’re in for an earful.These 5 steps reveal the things you absolutely MUST AVOID if you want to look younger, to boost your immunity, reclaim your health, and achieve your ideal bod

1. Which one of the following was a very important seaport in the Kakatiya kingdom?(a) Kakinada(b) Motupalli(c) Machilipatnam (Masulipatnam)(d) NelluruAnswer. b2. With reference to 'Global Climate Change Alliance', which of the following statements is/are correct?1. It is an initiative of the European Union.2. It provides technical and financial support to targeted developing countries to integrate climate change into their development policies and budgets.3. It is coordinated by World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer. a3. With reference to the religious history of India, consider the following statements:1. Sautrantika and Sammitiya were the sects of Jainism.2. Sarvastivadin held that the constituents of phenomena were not wholly momentary, but existed forever in a latent form.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. b4. Mediterranean Sea is a border of which of the following countries?1. Jordan2. Iraq3. Lebanon4. SyriaSelect the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1, 2 and 3 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 3 and 4 only(d) 1, 3 and 4 onlyAnswer. c5. With reference to 'National Investment and Infrastructure Fund', which of the following statements is/are correct?1. It is an organ of NITI Aayog.2. It has a corpus of Rs. 4, 00,000 crore at present.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. b6. The Global Infrastructure Facility is a/an(a) ASEAN initiative to upgrade infrastructure in Asia and financed by credit from the Asian Development Bank.(b) World Bank collaboration that facilitates the preparation and structuring of complex infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) to enable mobilization of private sector and institutional investor capital.(c) Collaboration among the major banks of the world working with the OECD and focused on expanding the set of infrastructure projects that have the potential to mobilize private investment.(d) UNCTAD funded initiative that seeks to finance and facilitate infrastructure development in the world.Answer.7. For election to the Lok Sabha, a nomination paper can be filed by(a) anyone residing in India.(b) a resident of the constituency from which the election is to be contested.(c) any citizen of India whose name appears in the electoral roll of a constituency.(d) any citizen of India.Answer. d8. Consider the following statements:1. In India, the Himalayas are spread over five States only.2. Western Ghats are spread over five States only.3. Pulicat Lake is spread over two States only.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1 and 3 onlyAnswer. c9. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a standard criterion for(a) Measuring oxygen levels in blood(b) Computing oxygen levels in forest ecosystems(c) Pollution assay in aquatic ecosystems(d) Assessing oxygen levels in high altitude regionsAnswer. c10. With reference to the role of UN-Habitat in the United Nations programme working towards a better urban future, which of the statements is/are correct?1. UN-Habitat has been mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities to provide adequate shelter for all.2. Its partners are either governments or local urban authorities only.3. UN-Habitat contributes to the overall objective of the United Nations system to reduce poverty and to promote access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1, 2 and 3(b) 1 and 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1 onlyAnswer. a11. With reference to 'National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF)', which of the statements given below is/are correct?1. Under NSQF, a learner can acquire the certification for competency only through formal learning.2. An outcome expected from the implementation of NSQF is the mobility between vocational and general education.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. b12. In the context of Indian history, the principle of `Dyarchy (diarchy)' refers to(a) Division of the central legislature into two houses.(b) Introduction of double government i.e., Central and State governments.(c) Having two sets of rulers; one in London and another in Delhi.(d) Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories.Answer. b13. Consider the following in respect of 'National ACareer Service':1. National Career Service is an initiative of the Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India.2. National Career Service has been launched in a Mission Mode to improve the employment opportunities to uneducated youth of the country.Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. d14. Which of the following statements best k describes the term 'Scheme for Sustainable Structuring of Stressed Assets (S4A)', recently seen in the news?(a) It is a procedure for considering ecological costs of developmental schemes formulated by the Government.(b) It is a scheme of RBI for reworking the financial structure of big corporate entities facing genuine difficulties.(c) It is a disinvestment plan of the Government regarding Central Public Sector Undertakings.(d) It is an important provision in 'The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code' recently implemented by the Government.Answer. b15. Consider the following statements:1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants is a unique initiative of G20 group of countries.2. The CCAC focuses on methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. b16. With reference to 'Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)' sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the following statements is/are correct?1. IOD phenomenon is characterised by a difference in sea surface temperature between tropical Western Indian Ocean and tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.2. An IOD phenomenon can influence an El Nino's impact on the monsoon.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. c17. If you want to see gharials in their natural habitat, which one of the following is the best place to visit?(a) Bhitarkanika Mangroves(b) Chambal River(c) Pulicat Lake(d) Deepor BeelAnswer. a18. Consider the following in respect of Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS):1. Inaugural IONS was held in India in 2015 under the chairmanship of the Indian Navy.2. IONS is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase maritime co-operation among navies of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region.Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. b19. The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is one of the most famous and oft-illustrated paintings at(a) Ajanta(b) Badami(c) Bagh(d) ElloraAnswer. a20. Consider the following pairs:Traditions Communities1. Chaliha Sahib Festival — Sindhis2. Nanda Raj Jaat Yatra — Gonds3. Wari-Warkari — SanthalsWhich of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched ?(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) None of the aboveAnswer. a‎21. Which of the following practices can help in water conservation in agriculture? ‎‎1. Reduced or zero tillage of the land ‎‎2. Applying gypsum before irrigating the field ‎‎3. Allowing crop residue to remain in the field ‎Select the correct answer using the code given below : ‎‎(a) 1 and 2 only‎‎(b) 3 only ‎‎(c) 1 and 3 only ‎‎(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer. c22. Consider the following statements :The nation-wide 'Soil Health Card Scheme' aims at1. expanding the cultivable area under irrigation.2. enabling the banks to assess the quantum of loans to be granted to farmers on the basis of soil quality.3. checking the overuse of fertilizers in farmlands.Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer. c23. Consider the following pairs:Commonly used / Unwanted or controversial chemicalsconsumed materials likely to be found in them1. Lipstick Lead2. Soft drinks Brominated vegetable oils3. Chinese fast food Monosodium glutamateWhich of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer. d24. Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are used to create digital display in many devices. What are the advantages of OLED displays over Liquid Crystal displays?1. OLED displays can be fabricated on flexible plastic substrates.2. Roll-up displays embedded in clothing can be made using OLEDs.3. Transparent displays are possible using OLEDs.Select the correct answer using the code given below(a) 1 and 3 only(b) 2 only(c) 1, 2 and 3(d) None of the above statements is correctAnswer. c25. Which of the following is/are famous for Sun temples?1. Arasavalli2. Amarakantak3. OmkareshwarSelect the correct answer using the code given below :(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer. a26. Consider the following statements:1. In the election for Lok Sabha or State Assembly, the winning candidate must get at least 50 percent of the votes polled, to be declared elected.2. According to the provisions laid down in the Constitution of India, in Lok Sabha, the Speaker's post goes to the majority party and the Deputy Speaker's to the Opposition.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. d27. Which of the following has/have occurred in India after its liberalization of economic policies in 1991?1. Share of agriculture in GDP increased enormously.2. Share of India's exports in world trade increased.3. FDI inflows increased.4. India's foreign exchange reserves increased enormously.Select the correct answer using the codes given below :(a) 1 and 4 only(b) 2, 3 and 4 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4Answer. b28. What is the application of Somatic Cell CJ Nuclear Transfer Technology?(a) Production of biolarvicides(b) Manufacture of biodegradable plastics(c) Reproductive cloning of animals(d) Production of organisms free of diseasesAnswer. c29. Consider the following statements:1. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) helps in promoting the financial inclusion in the country.2. NPCI has launched RuPay, a card payment scheme.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. c30. The term M-STrIPES' is sometimes seen in V the news in the context of(a) Captive breeding of Wild Fauna(b) Maintenance of Tiger Reserves(c) Indigenous Satellite Navigation System(d) Security of National HighwaysAnswer. b31. What is/are the most likely advantages of implementing 'Goods and Services Tax (GST)'?1. It will replace multiple taxes collected by multiple authorities and will thus create a single market in India.2. It will drastically reduce the 'Current Account Deficit' of India and will enable it to increase its foreign exchange reserves.3. It will enormously increase the growth and size of economy of India and will enable it to overtake China in the near future.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer. a32. 'Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA)' is sometimes seen in the news in the context of negotiations held between India and(a) European Union(b) Gulf Cooperation Council(c) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(d) Shanghai Cooperation OrganizationAnswer. a33. Consider the following statements:1. India has ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) of WTO.2. TFA is a part of WTO's Bali Ministerial Package of 2013.3. TFA came into force in January 2016. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 1 and 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer.34. What is the importance of developing Chabahar Port by India?(a) India's trade with African countries will enormously increase.(b) India's relations with oil-producing Arab countries will be strengthened.(c) India will not depend on Pakistan for access to Afghanistan and Central Asia.(d) Pakistan will facilitate and protect the installation of a gas pipeline between Iraq and India.Answer. c35. In India, it is legally mandatory for which of the following to report on cyber security incidents?1. Service providers2. Data centres3. Body corporateSelect the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 1 and 2 only(c) 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer. d36. Right to vote and to be elected in India is a(a) Fundamental Right(b) Natural Right(c) Constitutional Right(d) Legal RightAnswer. d37. What is the purpose of 'evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA)' project?(a) To detect neutrinos(b) To detect gravitational waves(c) To detect the effectiveness of missile defence system(d) To study the effect of solar flares on our communication systemsAnswer. b38. What is the purpose of Tidyanjali Yojana'?1. To enable the famous foreign educational institutions to open their campuses in India.2. To increase the quality of education provided in government schools by taking help from the private sector and the community.3. To encourage voluntary monetary contributions from private individuals and organizations so as to improve the infrastructure facilities for primary and secondary schools.Select the correct answer using the code given below :(a) 2 only(b) 3 only(c) 1 and 2 only(d) 2 and 3 onlyAnswer. a39. What is the aim of the programme `Unnat Bharat Abhiyan'?(a) Achieving 100% literacy by promoting collaboration between voluntary organizations and government's education system and local communities.(b) Connecting institutions of higher education with local communities to address development challenges through appropriate technologies.(c) Strengthening India's scientific research institutions in order to make India a scientific and technological power.(d) Developing human capital by allocating special funds for health care and education of rural and urban poor, and organizing skill development programmes and vocational training for them.Answer. a40. Consider the following statements :1. The Election Commission of India is a five-member body.2. Union Ministry of Home Affairs decides the election schedule for the conduct of both general elections and bye-elections.3. Election Commission resolves the disputes relating to splits/mergers of recognised political parties.Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 2 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 3 onlyAnswer.41. In India, if a species of tortoise is declared protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, what does it imply ?(a) It enjoys the same level of protection as the tiger.(b) It no longer exists in the wild, a few individuals are under captive protection; and now it is impossible to prevent its extinction.(c) It is endemic to a particular region of India.(d) Both (b) and (c) stated above are correct in this context.Answer. a42. In India, Judicial Review implies(a) the power of the Judiciary to pronounce upon the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.(b) the power of the Judiciary to question the wisdom of the laws enacted by the Legislatures.(c) the power of the Judiciary to review all the legislative enactments before they are assented to by the President.(d) the power of the Judiciary to review its own judgements given earlier in similar or different cases.Answer. d43. With reference to Indian freedom struggle, consider the following events :1. Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy2. Quit India Movement launched3. Second Round Table Conference What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events ?(a) 1-2-3(b) 2-1-3(c) 3-2-1(d) 3-1-244. Consider the following statements :1. Tax revenue as a percent of GDP of India has steadily increased in the last decade.2. Fiscal deficit as a percent of GDP of India has steadily increased in the last decade. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. a45. Recently there was a proposal to translocate some of the lions from their natural habitat in Gujarat to which one of the following sites ?(a) Corbett National Park(b) Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary(c) Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary(d) Sariska National ParkAnswer. b46. Which of the following are not necessarily the consequences of the proclamation of the President's rule in a State?1. Dissolution of the State Legislative Assembly2. Removal of the Council of Ministers in the State3. Dissolution of the local bodiesSelect the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 1 and 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2and 3Answer. c47. Which of the following are envisaged by the Right against Exploitation in the Constitution of India?1. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour2. Abolition of untouchability3. Protection of the interests of minorities4. Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1, 2 and 4 only(b) 2, 3 and 4 only(c) 1 and 4 only(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4Answer.48. Which of the following is geographically Nt,c closest to Great Nicobar ?(a) Sumatra(b) Borneo(c) Java(d) Sri LankaAnswer. a49. Out of the following statements, choose the one that brings out the principle underlying the Cabinet form of Government:(a) An arrangement for minimizing the criticism against the Government whose responsibilities are complex and hard to carry out to the satisfaction of all.(b) A mechanism for speeding up the activities of the Government whose responsibilities are increasing day by day.(c) A mechanism of parliamentary democracy for ensuring collective responsibility of the Government to the people.(d) A device for strengthening the hands of the head of the Government whose hold over the people is in a state of decline.Answer.50. Which one of the following is not a feature of Indian federalism?(a) There is an independent judiciary in India.(b) Powers have been clearly divided between the Centre and the States.(c) The federating units have been given unequal representation in the Rajya Sabha.(d) It is the result of an agreement among the federating units.Answer. c51. The object of the Butler Committee of 1927 was to?(a) Define the jurisdiction of the Central and Provincial Governments.(b) Define the powers of the Secretary of State for India.(c) Impose censorship on national press.(d) Improve the relationship between the Government of India and the Indian States.Answer. d52. The term 'Domestic Content Requirement' is sometimes seen in the news with reference to(a) Developing solar power production in our country(b) Granting licences to foreign T.V. channels in our country(c) Exporting our food products to other countries(d) Permitting foreign educational institutions to set up their campuses in our countryAnswer. a53. Consider the following statements:1. The Nuclear Security Summits are periodically held under the aegis of the United Nations.2. The International Panel on Fissile Materials is an organ of International Atomic Energy Agency.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. d54. Who among the following can join the National Pension System (NPS)?(a) Resident Indian citizens only(b) Persons of age from 21 to 55 only(c) All State Government employees joining the services after the date of notification by the respective State Governments(d) All Central Government employees including those of Armed Forces joining the services on or after 1St April, 2004Answer. c55. With reference to river Teesta, consider the following statements:1. The source of river Teesta is the same as that of Brahmaputra but it flows through Sikkim.2. River Rangeet originates in Sikkim and it is a tributary of river Teesta.3. River Teesta flows into Bay of Bengal on the border of India and Bangladesh.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 3 only(b) 2 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer. b56. Consider the following statements:1. In tropical regions, Zika virus disease is transmitted by the same mosquito that transmits dengue.2. Sexual transmission of Zika virus disease is possible.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. c57. Consider the following statements:1. The Standard Mark of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is mandatory for automotive tyres and tubes.2. AGMARK is a quality Certification Mark issued by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. a58. What is/are the advantage/advantages of implementing the 'National Agriculture Market' scheme?1. It is a pan-India electronic trading portal for agricultural commodities.2. It provides the farmers access to nationwide market, with prices commensurate with the quality of their produce.Select the correct answer using the code given below :(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. c59. With reference to the 'National Intellectual Property Rights Policy', consider the following statements:1. It reiterates India's commitment to the Doha Development Agenda and the TRIPS Agreement.2. Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion is the nodal agency for regulating intellectual property rights in India.Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. c60. According to the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, which of the following animals cannot be hunted by any person except under some provisions provided by law?1. Ghari al2. Indian wild ass3. Wild buffaloSelect the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 361. Which of the following statements is/are true of the Fundamental Duties of an Indian citizen?1. A legislative process has been provided to enforce these duties.2. They are correlative to legal duties. Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 262. Consider the following pairs:1. Radhakanta Deb — First President of the British Indian Association2. Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty —Founder of the Madras Mahajana Sabha3. Surendranath Banerjee — Founder of the Indian AssociationWhich of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?(a) 1 only(b) 1 and 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 363. Which one of the following objectives is not embodied in the Preamble to the Constitution of India?(a) Liberty of thought(b) Economic liberty(c) Liberty of expression(d) Liberty of belief64. With reference to 'Quality Council of India (QCI)', consider the following statements:1. QCI was set up jointly by the Government of India and the Indian Industry.2. Chairman of QCI is appointed by the Prime Minister on the recommendations of the industry to the Government.Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 265. What is the purpose of setting up of Small 9 Finance Banks (SFBs) in India?1. To supply credit to small business units2. To supply credit to small and marginal farmers3. To encourage young entrepreneurs to set up business particularly in rural areas.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 366. With reference to 'Asia Pacific Ministerial Conference on Housing and Urban Development (APMCHUD)', consider the following statements:1. The first APMCHUD was held in India in 2006 on the theme 'Emerging Urban Forms — Policy Responses and Governance Structure'.2. India hosts all the Annual Ministerial Conferences in partnership with ADB, APEC and ASEAN.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 267. Democracy's superior virtue lies in the fact 9 that it calls into activity(a) the intelligence and character of ordinary men and women.(b) the methods for strengthening executive leadership.(c) a superior individual with dynamism and vision.(d) a band of dedicated party workers.68. Which of the following is a most likely consequence of implementing the 'Unified Payments Interface (UPI)’?(a) Mobile wallets will not be necessary for online payments.(b) Digital currency will totally replace the physical currency in about two decades.(c) FDI inflows will drastically increase.(d) Direct transfer of subsidies to poor people will become very effective.69. The terms 'Event Horizon', 'Singularity', `String Theory' and 'Standard Model' are sometimes seen in the news in the context of(a) Observation and understanding of the Universe(b) Study of the solar and the lunar eclipses(c) Placing satellites in the orbit of the Earth(d) Origin and evolution of living organisms on the Earth70. With reference to agriculture in India, how can the technique of `genome sequencing', often seen in the news, be used in the immediate future?1. Genome sequencing can be used to identify genetic markers for disease resistance and drought tolerance in various crop plants.2. This technique helps in reducing the time required to develop new varieties of crop plants.3. It can be used to decipher the host-pathogen relationships in crops.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 371. The main advantage of the parliamentary form of government is that(a) the executive and legislature work independently.(b) it provides continuity of policy and is more efficient.(c) the executive remains responsible to the legislature.(d) the head of the government cannot be changed without election.72. In the context of India, which one of the following is the correct relationship between Rights and Duties?(a) Rights are correlative with Duties.(b) Rights are personal and hence independent of society and Duties.(c) Rights, not Duties, are important for the advancement of the personality of the citizen.(d) Duties, not Rights, are important for the stability of the State.73. The mind of the makers of the Constitution of India is reflected in which of the following?(a) The Preamble(b) The Fundamental Rights(c) The Directive Principles of State Policy(d) The Fundamental Duties74. If you travel by road from Kohima to Kottayam, what is the minimum number of States within India through which you can travel, including the origin and the destination?(a) 6(b) 7(c) 8(d) 975. The Parliament of India exercises control over the functions of the Council of Ministers through1. Adjournment motion2. Question hour3. Supplementary questionsSelect the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 376. With reference to the Parliament of India, 4 consider the following statements:1. A private member's bill is a bill presented by a Member of Parliament who is not elected but only nominated by the President of India.2. Recently, a private member's bill has been passed in the Parliament of India for the first time in its history.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 277. With reference to the difference between the culture of Rigvedic Aryans and Indus Valley people, which of the following statements is/are correct?1. Rigvedic Aryans used the coat of mail and helmet in warfare whereas the people of Indus Valley Civilization did not leave any evidence of using them.2. Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver and copper whereas Indus Valley people knew only copper and iron.3. Rigvedic Aryans had domesticated the horse whereas there is no evidence of Indus Valley people having been aware of this animal.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 378. Recognition of Prior Learning Scheme' is sometimes mentioned in the news with reference to(a) Certifying the skills acquired by construction workers through traditional channels.(b) Enrolling the persons in Universities for distance learning programmes.(c) Reserving some skilled jobs to rural and urban poor in some public sector undertakings.(d) Certifying the skills acquired by trainees under the National Skill Development Programme.79. From the ecological point of view, which one of the following assumes importance in being a good link between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats?(a) Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve(b) Nallamala Forest(c) Nagarhole National Park(d) Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve80. One of the implications of equality in society is the absence of(a) Privileges(b) Restraints(c) Competition(d) Ideology81. Consider the following statements in respect of Trade Related Analysis of Fauna and Flora in Commerce (TRAFFIC):1. TRAFFIC is a bureau under United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).2. The mission of TRAFFIC is to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature.Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 282. Which principle among the 'following was added to the Directive Principles of Stat Policy by the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution?(a) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women(b) Participation of workers in the management of industries(c) Right to work, education and public assistance(d) Securing living wage and human conditions of work to workersAnswer. b83. Which one of the following statements is correct?(a) Rights are claims of the State against the citizens.(b) Rights are privileges which are incorporated in the Constitution of a State.(c) Rights are claims of the citizens against the State.(d) Rights are privileges of a few citizens against the many.Answer. c84. Which of the following gives 'Global Gender lb Gap Index' ranking to the countries of the world?(a) World Economic Forum(b) UN Human Rights Council(c) UN Women(d) World Health OrganizationAnswer. a85. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Smart India Hackathon 2017?1. It is a centrally sponsored scheme for developing every city of our country into Smart Cities in a decade.2. It is an initiative to identify new digital technology innovations for solving the many problems faced by our country.3. It is a programme aimed at making all the financial transactions in our country completely digital in a decade.Select the correct answer using the code given below :(a) 1 and 3 only(b) 2 only(c) 3 only(d) 2 and 3 onlyAnswer. b86. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)?1. It decides the RBI's benchmark interest rates.2. It is a 12-member body including the Governor of RBI and is reconstituted every year.3. It functions under the chairmanship of the Union Finance Minister.Select the correct answer using the code given below :(a) 1 only(b) 1 and 2 only(c) 3 only(d) 2 and 3 onlyAnswer. a87. With reference to Manipuri Sankirtana, consider the following statements:1. It is a song and dance performance.2. Cymbals are the only musical instruments used in the performance.3. It is performed to narrate the life and deeds of Lord Krishna.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1, 2 and 3.(b) 1 and 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1 onlyAnswer. b88. Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India during the British rule?1. Lord Cornwallis2. Alexander Read3. Thomas MunroSelect the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 1 and 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer. c89. In the context of solving pollution problems, what is/are the advantage/advantages of bioremediation technique?1. It is a technique for cleaning up pollution by enhancing the same biodegradation process that occurs in nature.2. Any contaminant with heavy metals such as cadmium and lead can be readily and completely treated by bioremediation using microorganisms.3. Genetic engineering can be used to create microorganisms specifically designed for bioremediation. Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 390. The Trade Disputes Act of 1929 provided for(a) the participation of workers in the management of industries.(b) arbitrary powers to the management to quell industrial disputes.(c) an intervention by the British Court in the event of a trade dispute.(d) a system of tribunals and a ban on strikes.91. Local self-government can be best explained as an exercise in(a) Federalism(b) Democratic decentralisation(c) Administrative delegation(d) Direct democracy92. Consider the following statements:With reference to the Constitution of India, the Directive Principles of State Policy constitute limitations upon1. legislative function.2. executive function.Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 293. The term 'Digital Single Market Strategy' seen in the news refers to(a) ASEAN(b) BRICS(c) EU(d) G20Answer. c94, At one of the places in India, if you stand on the seashore and watch the sea, you will find that the sea water recedes from the shore line a few kilometres and comes back to the shore, twice a day, and you can actually walk on the sea floor when the water recedes. This unique phenomenon is seen at(a) Bhavnagar(b) Bheemunipatnam(c) Chandipur(d) Nagapattinam.Answer. c95. With reference to the 'Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988 (PBPT Act)', consider the following statements:1. A property transaction is not treated as a benami transaction if the owner of the property is not aware of the transaction.2. Properties held benami are liable for confiscation by the Government.3. The Act provides for three authorities for investigations but does not provide for any appellate mechanism. Which of the statements .given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 2 and 3 only96. Due to some reasons, if there is a huge fall in the population of species of butterflies, what could be its likely consequence/consequences?1. Pollination of some plants could be adversely affected.2. There could be a drastic increase in the fungal infections of some cultivated plants.3. It could lead to a fall in the population of some species of wasps, spiders and birds.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 397. It is possible to produce algae based biofuels, but what is/are the likely limitation(s) of developing countries in promoting this industry?1. Production of algae based biofuels is possible in seas only and not on continents.2. Setting up and engineering the algae based biofuel production requires high level of expertise/technology until the construction is completed.3. Economically viable production necessitates the setting up of large scale facilities which may raise ecological and social concerns.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 398. Which of the following are the objectives of 'National Nutrition Mission'?1. To create awareness relating to malnutrition among pregnant women and lactating mothers.2. To reduce the incidence of anaemia among young children, adolescent girls and women.3. To promote the consumption of millets, coarse cereals and unpolished rice.4. To promote the consumption of poultry eggs.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 1, 2 and 3 only(c) 1, 2 and 4 only(d) 3 and 4 onlyAnswer. a99. Consider the following statements:1. The Factories Act, 1881 was passed with a view to fix the wages of industrial workers and to allow the workers to form trade unions.2. N.M. Lokhande was a pioneer in organizing the labour movement in British India. Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer. c100. In the context of mitigating the impending global warming due to anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, which of the following can be the potential sites for carbon sequestration?1. Abandoned and uneconomic coal seams2. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs3. Subterranean deep saline formationsSelect the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer. d

I’ve never worked with recruiters, though I’ve had recruiters reach out to me. So, all I will say is that, if you don’t work your way up from the bottom at a corporation, then executive recruiters would be a reasonable answer to your second question.—It took me a year and four months working at a company the first time I got the title of CFO. I don’t mean this was my first job. I just mean that the first company for which I was its CFO — I had worked there about 5 quarters.It’s not education or experience, necessarily, that made this possible. Being smart doesn’t hurt! — Having formal training (education) in finance or accounting doesn’t hurt! — Being a super-hard worker such that you are outgrowing the job you start in is much more important.Especially small (and sometimes mid-market) corporations are moving away from the CFO position to the CFOO role.Many times, the CEO will be the Chairman of the Board; if there is an executive chairman, then the CEO will often be the President. COO/President is another common combination that pairs up with the CEO/Chairman.So, when I say CFOO, I do mean Chief Financial and Operations Officer. However, I think the CFOO will need a strong set of VPs/SVPs/EVPs who will take over some of the duties the “old” COO would have done.—Part of this comes from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which came about after the collapse of the tech bubble and Enron and WorldCom, to name two.This legislation requires that both the President and the CFO of publicly traded entities swear and attest that financial documents disclosed to the public are materially correct.Who is the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (BOD) going to look to for this information? The CAO, whose boss often is the CFO.Who is the President going to look to for this information — the information that proves yes these documents/reports are factual to the best of my knowledge? The CFO.CEO/Presidents and CFOs are now often CPAs (Certified Public Accountants). Jeff Skilling famously told Congress that, despite his Harvard MBA, he didn’t know enough about accounting to know that the financial structures of Andy Fastow — which, to say did not comply with GAAP would be a gross understatement — were improper. — That didn’t go over well for Mr. Skilling.Fastow, the CFO, went to jail. Skilling, the ex-COO, then ex-CEO, went to jail. If Ken Lay had lived, he — the long-time CEO and Chairman of the BOD — likely would have gone to jail.—Let’s scale this back to small corporations. Even if you don’t have to attest to the factuality of reports you produce — to outside investors, I mean — you still have to attest that to your bosses and, sometimes, other managers.In fact, what I learned early on was that being an operations manager aids the job of the person in charge of managing the cash flows of a business.What does a CFO do if he’s short on cash? — He gets approval to ask for, e.g., bank financing or contributions from owners.What does an Operations Manager do if the CFO says he needs cash? — He expedites orders, projects that are near milestone points where draws (i.e., requests for cash inflows) can be made of customers; he can authorize discounts to turn bad debt into increased success of collections efforts.I mean — the CFO can beg the front-line managers of the business to bring in money, but he has no real authority to make that happen if the manager to whom he is speaking is his equal or his superior.—The first company at which I ever was its CFO was in trouble when I started — financial trouble. It had been neglected for a couple of years and had developed a state of negative goodwill toward it; customers were not calling. Despite this, it was still running with the overhead that would typify a bigger company, or the “ghost” of that company. What it had been, not what it was.After I had figured out the job for which I had been hired, I started learning the various subsidiaries of the company. Learning how the businesses worked, and learning how cash flowed in and out of each one. Learned how their various managers operated.4 months into my tenure at that corporation, the manager of the largest subsidiary had a dispute with the President and resigned as of the end of the year. I told the President that I thought I could do the job I had now, plus that job, and that I would then be in a position to control not only the cash outflows, but some of the inflows. — It would be a lot to take on for me, and I’d have to work hard, but it would be good for the company.At some point during that year, I also did a review of our commercial real estate portfolio and learned that most tenants were now on month-to-month leases, and some of these companies would be easily recognizable to most Americans. By renegotiating leases and getting lease extensions, I increased the values of the properties because there would then be a notion for adding a discounted cash flow value-add to the property (i.e., the buildings were worth more than just the buildings; the lease agreements had positive present values as well).One tenant had not been remitting its additional rent (i.e., considerations for lessor’s insurance and ad valorem taxes) — for half a decade or more. They owed us an amount of the form $##,###. — Who was my counterpart there? Their CFO.I’ll never forget when I told that lady they were deficient on their obligations to the tune of 5 digits; you literally could hear her jaw fall off and hit the table.I was creating and otherwise bringing in operating cash flows from a subsidiary I ran as general manager;I had become one of three people who estimated and bid out our main projects, and one of the people who signed the contracts;I was finding cost savings in the cost center that always will be a business’s main office;I was recognizing value in the real estate portfolio, ensuring the continuation of highly predictable and reliable cash inflows, and “mining” the lease agreements for cash due, but as of yet, unpaid;I was doing all of this by coming in early and working late, and I never asked for a raise or an assistant.The people with whom I was routinely corresponding had titles and acronyms after their name. When people would ask, and who are you again? — what was I supposed to say?—The President had been toying around with the idea of naming one of my colleagues and I as VPs, but that particular title was problematic in that particular setting for reasons that aren’t important, so I suggested CFO because it’s what my counterparts often tended to be: Owner, CEO, CFO.At that business, Owner, CEO, and VP were already taken, so CFO seemed good, and that’s how a CFO is born.As Doug pointed out, it’s not about being good at analysis. Sure, that’s requisite, but the CFO of a corporation is a C-suite executive. The term is executive. Usually, these are the most senior people who have the power to commit the company by signing binding contracts with other companies or individuals.I don’t mean doing payroll checks. I mean being the person (or a person) who can sign a contract that, if done incorrectly and in favor of the other party, could lead to a lawsuit, or worse — bankruptcy.There’s no hyperbole in that statement.So, how long does it take to get there? — Depends on the size of the business.Depends on the turnover within the business.Depends on how trustworthy you are.If you’re going to be a CFO, then you need to know, at a moment’s notice — e.g., if the President asks you — how much money you expect the company to have in cash in a month and what the net of A/P and A/R will be.People will come to you to ask for your opinion on whether capital expenditures can be made. If saying the word budget makes most people at your company laugh, then you’ll have nothing to guide you but your experience in making these predictions, — and it won’t be their faults (i.e., CEO, VP, other managers) that the expenditures they made put the company, as a whole, in a bind.It’ll be your fault. So, you need to know how to recover when you make a mistake, not that I am saying you can make many mistakes.—As the money man of the company, sure — trust has something to do with the unlikelihood that you will wire all of the firm’s cash into your offshore bank account and abscond.To a larger extent, trust means that your coworkers, employees, customers, bankers, insurers, attorneys, and superiors trust that when you say something is a certain way, that is the way it is.How long it takes you to get to that point is a function of how much study you put into the business in the beginning. I like to think of businesses as mechanisms, like the mechanical movements of Swiss watches, with many gears, jewels, springs, screws, and eleventeen other things you can’t even identify. However, you learn what they do, and if you don’t know what they’re called, you can point at them with your finger.Before I knew that — how the mechanism works — I wouldn’t want the title of Chief Financial Officer.When you have a fancy title, everybody wants to talk to you. In reality, I rarely use that title. Usually, I have some other inferior title I can use when speaking generally, and when people need reassurance, or I’m mad at somebody, I can pull out the I’m the f&@*&&$ CFO of ____” — less cursing if it’s just people needing reassurance.Financial janitor is a great job title.Don’t take a job until you have reason to think you’ll be good at it. There’s no formula for determining how long that will take.