Life Span Development Covers The Period From: Fill & Download for Free

X country used to be a semi-absolutist theocracy with a feudal system, very little regard for basic human dignity and practice of Serfdom.now that’s just disgusting right? Who would ever support a country like tha-meet the State of Tibet. That existed from 1912 to 1950.Yes, Tibet was exactly that, an Absolutist Feudal Theocracy. If it was an Arab country you bet it would have had a lot of “democracy” from the US.The State of Tibet took its independence in 1912 when the central Qing Government in Beijing collapsed, and the fun with the warlord period in China began.Tibet’s head of state was the Dalai Lama.The Dalai Lama had Divine given power and was de facto an absolute monarch who ruled Tibet through religious lawwhile Tibet became independent in 1912, the system of the Dalai Lama had been in place for centuries.SerfdomAs I said previously, the practice of Serfdom was common place in Tibet. Now, what is Serfdom?For those who do not know Serfdom is the status of many peasants under feudalism. It was a condition of servitude in which developed during the Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages in Europe and lasted in some countries until the mid-19th century, our main example being Tibet.Serfs could be bought, sold, or traded, with some limitations: they generally could be sold only together with land (with some exceptions where they could be traded like regular slaves), could be abused with no restriction, had no rights over their own bodies, could not leave the land they were bound to, and could marry only with their owners permission. Serfs who occupied a plot of land were required to work for their owner who also owned that land. Serfs were often required not only to work on the lord's fields, but also in his mines and forests and to labor to maintain roads.now that we’ve cleared out that huge parenthesis let’s get back to Tibet. We are already establishing that Tibet wasn’t a nice place to live if you weren’t in the Elite or the Dalai Lama himself, speaking of which, here is where they lived(Man it even looks built to look epic with the sun, I’m not even mad)For reference, here is how a big part of the population lived:I don’t think I need to further on this point.Meanwhile now, under the PRC, Tibet has been (even if to a very minimal extent) developed, Serfdom has been abolished, quality of life and life span has greatly improved and so has education, which isn’t even that developed there, which shows how little it was prior to the PRC.Other answers cover some brutal things that happened there, but that’s not my point right now. My point is to make people rethink of the huge hypocrisy of western countries, who support Tibet yet if they found an Islamic country with a lot of resources and hostile to them that functions like Tibet did they would bomb it to oblivion. This is the same Hypocrisy that was there when they supported Franco’s or Pinochet’s dictatorship.This isn’t even an answer to Put the PRC in a good light, but I’m comparing the two to show the hypocrisy in accusing the PRC.

If humanity can make it another five hundred years, do we have a chance of becoming a galactic civilization?Yes, we have a chance of beginning the process of becoming a galactic civilization, but completing that process would take longer.Becoming a galactic civilization would require technology that we do not possess today, but, given the rate of scientific and technological progress since the industrial revolution (only about 200 years ago), there is no reason that we could not develop the relevant technologies within the next five hundred years.Whatever technologies we use, i.e., whatever we can get to work (and until we develop and test a technology we don’t know if it’s going to work well or work badly, so we usually work on many different technologies at the same time), that could make it possible for us to travel over interstellar and then intergalactic distances, would involve unknowns. If we use a “work around” for covering the distance, like a traversable wormhole, the unknowns can’t even even be calculated at this time. If we just cover the distance by making ourselves go very fast, we run into unknowns here as well. If we can accelerate to speeds close to the speed of light (often called relativistic velocities), anyone traveling on board would experience time at a much slower rate as compared to an unaccelerated twin (the so called “twin paradox”) back on Earth.What this means in practical terms is that, if we launch relativistic velocity capable spacecraft to other galaxies within the next five hundred years, the people on board the spacecraft could get to other galaxies within their life time (at better than 99% of the speed of light, your journey is essentially instantaneous), but time on Earth would continue at the rate it always has been going, and that means that two and a half million years would pass on Earth while the spacecraft passengers were making their way, in a relatively short period of time, to the Andromeda galaxy. So talking about an inter-galactic civilization within 500 years is ambiguous, because it would depend whether you measured the 500 years from Earth or on a spacecraft bound for other galaxies (i.e., it would depend upon your frame of reference).The way the twin paradox is usually presented to people (and the way it is presented, not with twins, but with father and daughter, in the film Interstellar) is almost as if it is calculated to put people off long distance space travel, because if you departed as a lone traveler and then returned, everyone you knew would be dead. If you went to Andromeda and back, Earth would be five million years older, and the only thing you might recognize are the outlines of some of the continents (the continents wouldn’t have moved much in 5 million years, but changes in sea level over the same period of time could give the outlines of the continents a different look). Obviously, if human beings travel to other galaxies they would do so together, in large numbers, and everyone traveling together would experience the same temporal frame of reference. They would build communities and societies like those they knew on Earth, but, yes, there’s no going back, unless you are willing to go back to a changed world. So you’d better take your extended family, including grandma and grandpa, and everyone you value enough that you want to keep with you.It is interesting to realize that the technology required to extend human life spans (biology isn’t really all that complex) is probably easier and simpler to develop than the technology for inter-galactic flight. What this means is that we will likely have developed much longer lifespans before we expand to other stars and other galaxies. If you can live long enough to take advantage of life extension technologies, you could live long enough to see humanity build inter-galactic spacecraft, and if you could live this long, you could yourself travel to another galaxy. So it is possible that there are human beings living now who will eventually travel to other galaxies. Maybe this isn’t likely, but we can’t rule out the possibility.If human life spans could be made arbitrarily long, then even the human population remaining on Earth would still be alive when you got back from Andromeda, but the inter-galactic human beings would be a few years or a few decades older, while the Earthbound human beings would be five million years old (and probably would have run through hundreds of thousands of bodies in order to still be alive after all this time). Again, perhaps not likely, but there is no reason to say this is impossible.There are no guarantees for humanity. We might all be wiped out tomorrow, but if we can make it 500 years, and keep our contemporary technological civilization producing new technologies for another 500 years, we would have a good chance of making it to other galaxies.

Thanks A2A.Sanatana Dharama (Hinduism) is eternal (beyond the time).but we can say that Sanatana Dharma is 155.52 Trillion Years (50 years of Brahma) old.The current dateCurrently, 50 years of Brahma have elapsed. The last Kalpa at the end of 50th year is called Padma Kalpa. We are currently in the first 'day' of the 51st year.This Brahma's day, Kalpa, is named as Shveta-Varaha Kalpa. Within this Day, six Manvantaras have already elapsedand this is the seventh Manvantara, named as – Vaivasvatha Manvantara (or Sraddhadeva Manvantara). Within the Vaivasvatha Manvantara, 27 Mahayugas(4 Yugas together is a Mahayuga), and the Krita,Treta and Dwapara Yugas of the 28th Mahayuga have elapsed. This Kaliyuga is in the 28th Mahayuga. This Kaliyuga began in the year 3102 BCE in the proleptic Julian Calendar.Since 50 years of Brahma have already elapsed, this is the second Parardha, also called as Dvithiya Parardha.The time elapsed since the current Brahma has taken over the task of creation can be calculated as432000 × 10 × 1000 × 2 = 8.64 billion years (2 Kalpa (day and night) )8.64 × 10^9× 30 × 12 = 3.1104 Trillion Years (1 year of Brahma)3.1104 × 10^12× 50 = 155.52 Trillion Years (50 years of Brahma)(6 × 71 × 4320000 ) + 7 × 1.728 × 10^6 = 1852416000 years elapsed in first six Manvataras, and Sandhi Kalas in the current Kalpa27 × 4320000 = 116640000 years elapsed in first 27 Mahayugas of the current Manvantara1.728 × 10^6 + 1.296 × 10^6 + 864000 = 3888000 years elapsed in current Mahayuga3102 + 2016 = 5118 years elapsed in current Kaliyuga.So the total time elapsed since current Brahma is155520000000000 + 1852416000 + 116640000 + 3888000 + 5115 = 155,521,972,949,117 years (one hundred fifty-five trillion, five hundred twenty-one billion, nine hundred seventy-two million, nine hundred forty-nine thousand, one hundred seventeen years) as of 2016 ADThe current Kali Yuga began at midnight 17 February / 18 February in 3102 BCE.As per the information above about Yuga periods, only 5,117 years are passed out of 432,000 years of current Kali Yuga, and hence another 426,883 years are left to complete this 28th Kali Yuga of Vaivaswatha Manvantara.What is Kalpa, Manavantara & Chaturyugi?1 Day of God Brahma = 1 Kalpa1 Kalpa = 14 Manavantara1 Manavantara = 71 Cycle of Four Yuga (Chaturyugi)1 Cycle of Four Yuga (Chaturyugi) = 43,20,000 Human YearsAmong the Pitṛs (forefather)Among the Pitu (Forefather or Ancestor)1 human fortnight (15 days) = 1 day (light) or night of the Pitṛs.1 human month (30 days) = 1 day (light) and night of the Pitṛs.30 days of the Pitṛs = 1 month of the Pitṛs = (30 × 30 = 900 human days).12 months of the Pitṛs = 1 year of the Pitṛs = (12 months of Pitṛs × 900 human days = 10800 human days).The lifespan of the Pitṛs is 100 years of the Pitṛs (= 36,000 Pitṛ days = 1,080,000 human days = 3000 human years)1 day of the Devas = 1 human year1 month of the Devas = 30 days of the Devas1 year of the Devas (1 divine year) = 12 months of the DevasAmong the DevasThe life span of any Hindu Deva’s spans nearly (or more than) 4.5 million years. Statistically, we can also look it as:12000 Deva Years = Life Span of Devas = 1 Mahā-Yuga.The Vishnu Purana Time measurement section of the Vishnu Purana Book I Chapter III explains the above as follows:2 Ayanas (6-month periods, see above) = 1 human year or 1 day of the devas4,000 + 400 + 400 = 4,800 divine years (= 1,728,000 human years) = 1 Satya Yuga3,000 + 300 + 300 = 3,600 divine years (= 1,296,000 human years) = 1 Tretā Yuga2,000 + 200 + 200 = 2,400 divine years (= 864,000 human years) = 1 Dvāpara Yuga1,000 + 100 + 100 = 1,200 divine years (= 432,000 human years) = 1 Kali Yuga12,000 divine year = 4 Yugas (= 4,320,000 human years) = 1 Mahā-Yuga (also is equaled to 12000 Daiva (divine) Yuga)[2*12,000 = 24,000 divine year = 12000 revolutions of sun around its dual]For Brahma1000 Mahā-Yugas = 1 Kalpa = 1 day (day only) of Brahma(2 Kalpas constitute a day and night of Brahma, 8.64 billion human years)30 days of Brahma = 1 month of Brahma (259.2 billion human years)12 months of Brahma = 1 year of Brahma (3.1104 trillion human years)50 years of Brahma = 1 Parārdha2 parardhas = 100 years of Brahma = 1 Para = 1 Mahā-Kalpa (the lifespan of Brahma)(311.04 trillion human years)One day of Brahma is divided into 1000 parts called charaṇas. The charaṇas are divided as follows:The Four Yugas4 charaṇas (1,728,000 solar years ):- Satya Yuga3 charaṇas (1,296,000 solar years):- Treta Yuga2 charaṇas (864,000 solar years):- Dwapara Yuga1 charaṇas (432,000 solar years):- Kali YugaThe cycle repeats itself, so altogether there are 1,000 cycles of Mahā-Yuga in one day of Brahma.One cycle of the above four Yugas is one Mahā-Yuga (4.32 million human years)as is confirmed by the Gītā Śloka 8.17 (statement) "sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te 'ho-rātra-vido janāḥ", meaning, a day of brahma is of 1000 Mahā-Yuga. Thus a day of Brahma, Kalpa, is of duration: 4.32 billion solar years. Two Kalpas constitute a day and night (Adhi Sandhi) of Brahma.A Manvantara consists of 71 Mahā-Yuga (306,720,000 solar years). Each Manvantara is ruled by a Manu.After each Manvantara follows one Samadhi Kāla of the same duration as a Kṛta Yuga (1,728,000 = 4 Charaṇas). (It is said that during a Samadhi Kāla, the entire earth is submerged in water.)A Kala consists of a period of 4.32 Billion solar years followed by 14 Manvataras andSamadhi Kalas.A day of Brahma equals(14 times 71 Mahā-Yuga) + (15 × 4 Charaṇas)= 994 Mahā-Yuga + (15 * 4800)= 994 Mahā-Yuga + (72,000 years)[deva years] / 6 = 12,000[deva years] viz. one maha yuga.= 994 Mahā-Yuga + 6 Mahā-Yuga= 1,000 Mahā-YugaThe Surya Siddhanta definition of timescalesThe Surya Siddhanta [Chapter 14 Mānādhyāyah (मानाध्यायः)], documents a comprehensive model of nine divisions of time called māna (मान) which span from very small time units (Prāņa [प्राण] - 4 seconds) to very large time scales (Para [पर] - 311.04 Trillion solar years)The Surya Siddhanta is the most ancient literature after the Vedas, in India and the World. It is written about the Astronomical Science and Mathematics. It is based on the calculations of the Kalpa and the Manavantara Math.It's year of writing is given in the book itself, which is 1,97,29,492nd year, at the end of the Satya Yuga or Krita Yuga.DetailsIn India before BCE 7500, total 18 original theoreticians were frequently mentioned in the field of theoretical astronomy knion as SIDDHNTA, but Varaha Mihira could get tangible proofs of only five, which he mentioned in his Panch-Siddhantika ('Of Five Theories'), among which the Surya Siddhanta is the only theory which was complete in itself and therefore highly regardes by Varaha Mihira as the accurate among all theories about heavensThe present Surya Siddhanta book is considered a direct descendant of the text available to Varahamihira (A.D. 497 - A.D. 589)Varahamihira composed pancha-siddhantika in the 6th century A.D, five stronomical canal.Paulisa Siddhant (Pulisa)Romaka Siddhant (Romak)Vashishtha Siddhant (Latadev)Surya Siddhant (Varahamihira)Paitamaha Siddhant (Latadev)The present version of Surya Siddhanta is modified by Bhaskaracharya during the Middle Age. It is based on Vedanga Jyotish, which date back to the BCE 3000.The Surya Siddhanta is the name of the multiple tretises (Siddhanta) in Sanatan Dharma's Astronomy.Surya Siddhanta is sole book which can be said to constitute of the bedrock of India's traditional astronomical/astrological mathematics.Earlier, in the late 4th Century or early 5th Century, the anonymous Sanatan Dharm's Bharatiy Author of an astronomical handbook.Surya Siddhanta is 2 Million years old book and it is first on astronomy in Sanatan Dharma. Surya Siddhanta is the first among the traditional doctrines.According to Surya Siddhant Kaliyuga is started on mid night of 18th February, BCE 3102, 00:00 A.M.So, Kali Yuga has been completed 5518 years in A.D. 2016.The cycle of four yuga will be start again after complete Kali Yuga which is called Mahayuga.Surya SiddhantaSurya Siddhanta has ruled laid down to determine the true motions of the luminaries, which conform to their actual postition in the sky.It gave location of several start over than the lunar Nakshatras and treats the calculation of solar eclipses as well as solstices, e.g., summer solstice 21/06. Significant coverage is on kinds of time, length of the year of gods and demons, day and night of God Brahma, the elapsed period since creation, how planets move eastwars and sidereal revolution. The earth's diameter and circumference are also givenn. Eclips and color of the eclipsed portion of the moon are mensioned.ContentsThe table of contents in this text are:-The mean motion of the planetsTrue places of the planetsDirection, place and timeThe moon and eclipsThe sun and eclipsThe projection of eclipsPlanetary conjuctionsOf the starsRising and settingThe moon's rising and settingCertain malignant aspects of the sun and moonCosmology, geography, and dimention of the creationThe gnomonThe movement of the heaven and human activityMathod for accurately calculating shadow cast by a gnomon are discussed in both chapter 3 and 13.Surya Siddhnata is 2 Million Years old book is first on Astronomy in Sanatan DharmaSurya Siddhant is first amomg the traditions or doctrins (siddhanta) in archelo-astronomy of the Vedik era.Infact, Surya Siddhanta is the oldest boom in the world which describe earth as sphere but not flatz gravity being reason for objects follong on earth etc.This is the knowledge that the Sun god gave to Asura called Maya in Treta Yuga. ThisMaya is father-in-law of Ravana, the villain of the first ever epic poem, Ramayana. Going by calculations of Yugas, first verson of Surya Siddhanta must have been known arround 2 million years old.However, the present version available is believed to be more than 2500 years old, which still makes it the oldest book on the earth in AstronomySatya Yuga:- 17,28,000 YearsTeta Yuga:- 12,96,000 YearsDwapara Yuga:- 08,64,000 YearsKali Yuga:- 04,32,000 YearsTotal:- 43,20,000 Years according to Sanatana Dharma.Ramayana was at the end of Treta Yuga (BCE 17,50,000). For detail please check my answer on the question:- Was Ramayan, a myth, mithya, mythical, fable, fictional, flight of fantasy, tale, or mythological work or script(ure) only?Mahabharata War was fought at the end of Dwapara Yuga (BCE 3139)Kaliyuga was started at 17th February,3102 BCE.Many believes this numbers are the imaginary and based on mythology.Life Span of Human in Each Yug:-The life span of Human being is decaying.Due to yuga dharmas, Human's ife decays when time passes away.(1). Satya Yuga:-Devine Years:- 4800 YearsHuman Years:- 17,28,000 YearsSatyayuga is the first Yuga in cycle of four Yuga.Human's life span was 1,00,000 years in starting of Satyayuga.Human's life span became 10,000 years in end of Satyayuga.(2). Treta Yuga:-Devine Years:- 3600 YearsHuman Years:- 12,96,000 YearsTreta Yuga is the secong Yuga in the cycle of four Yuga.Human's life span was 10,000 years in starting of Tretayuga.Human's life span became 1000 years in end of Treta Yuga.(3). Dwapara Yuga:-Devine Years:- 2400 YearsHuman Years:- 08,64,000 YearsDwapara Yuga is the third Yuga in the cycle of four Yugas.Human's life span was 1000 years in starting of Dwapara Yuga.Human's life span became 100 years in the end of Dwapara Yuga.Pitamaha Bhishma lived 191 years.Guru Kripacharya and Guru Dronacharya lived 175 years.Dhritarashtra & Vidura lived 161 years.Mother Kunti lived 156 years.Yuddhisthira lived 127 years.Bhima & Sri Balarama lived 126 years.Arjuna and Sri Krishna lived 125 years.Shahadeva & Nakula lived 124 years.Parikshita lived 96 years.(4). Kali Yuga:-Devine Years:- 1200 YearsHuman Years:- 04,32,000 YearsKaliyua is the fourth Yuga in the cycle of four Yugas.Human's life span was 100 years in starting of Kaliyuga.Gautama Buddha lived 80 years.Mahavir Swami lived 72 years.Mahapadma Nanda lived 88 years.Chanakya lived 96 years.Ashoka lived 76 years.Human's life span will become 20 years in end of Kaliyuga.We are in 5119th year of Kaliyua in A.D. 2016.Kali Yuga was started on midnight of 17th February, BCE 3102.Kali Yuga will be end in A.D. 4,28,898.God Shri Rama was born before 17,50,000 years:-Clan:- IkshvakuGothra:- KashyapaGuru:- Vashishtha​Sri Rama Setu is built somewhere between BCE 17,50,000 to BCE 1500.​​​​Inprogramme called "Project Rameshwaram", the Geological Survey of India (GSI) concluded though the dating of corals that Rameswaram Island evolved beginning 1,25,000 years ago.Radiocarbon dating of samples in this study suggested that the domain between Rameswaram and Talaimannar may have been exposee sometimes between 7,000-18,000 years ago.Thermouluminescence dating by GSI concludes that the sand dunes between Dhanushkoti and Sri Rama's Setu started formung about 500-600 years ago.Investigation by the centre for Remote Sensing (CRS) of Bharathidasan University, Tiruchi, led by Professor S.M.Ramasamy dates the structure to 3,500 years.In the same dates back to 6,000 years and Koditakarani arround 1,100 years ago.Another study suggest that the appearance of the reefs and the other evidence indicate their recency, and a coral sample gives a radiocarbon age of 4,020 +/-160 years.​​​​Sri Rama Setu:-​​​​Length:- 18 mile (30 KM)Width:- 3 KMSea Lavel:- 4 feet (1.2 meter)Sri Rama Setu took 5 days to built by 10 Million Vanaras (Monkeys) under the supervision of Architects Neela and Nala.Age and Structure of Sri Rama Setu is 1.75 Million years old.It is belived that Sri Rama Setu is made of a chain of limestone shoals.It is 30 KM long and 3 KM wide.It starts from Dhanushkodi tip of India's Pambam island and ends at Sri Lanka'sMannar island.Sea in these areas is very shallow.The places mentioned in Ramayana exactly matches to the current location of the Sri Ram Setu.Temple record says that Sri Rama Setu was completely above sea level until it broken in a cyclone in A.D. 1480.Sri Rama Setu was walkable till A.D. 1480.NASA says what had been captured by satelite is naturally occuring chain of sandbanks.​​​​A Scientific Possibility:-If air is trapped within a shell of silica it would look a stone but would actually be very light and would thus float.Another example is Ice. When it put into glass having liquid, ice floats on liquid a& after some time it sinks.Another prime example is "Pumice" stone.Pumice is one such stone floats on water.Pumice is the name given to the hardened foam of lava when it comes out of a volcano.The inside of a volcano has very high pressure, and can be as hot as 1600° C.When the lava comes out of the volcano, it meets the cool air (and some times sea water), which is arround 25° C.Air and water were mixed in the lava bubble out, as pressure falls.The huge difference in temperature gives the lava cold shock, so it freeze almost immediately.So the bubble get trapped in the freezing stone, giving it a very spongy appearance.In some case of pumice, the bubbles can make upto 90% of the volume.NASA Images Discover Ancient Bridge between India and Sri Lanka:-Space images taken by NASA reveal a mysterious ancient bridge in the Palk Strait between India and Sri Lanka.The recently discovered bridge currently named as Adam's Bridge is made of shoals, c.18 mi (30 km) long.The bridge's unique curvature and composition by age reveals that it is man made.The legend as well as Archeological studies reveal that the first signs of human inhabitants in Sri Lanka date back to the primitive age,about 17,50,000 years ago and the bridge's age is also almost equivalent.This information is a crucial aspect for an insight into the mysterious legend called Ramayana, which was supposed to have taken place in Treta Yuga (more than 17,50,000 years ago).​Sri Lanka History:-The first sign of human inhabitation in Sri Lanka date back to the Stone Age, about 17,52,000 years ago.These people are said to have come from the South India and reached the Island through a land bridge connecting the Indian Subcontinent to Sri Lanka.This is related to so in the epic Hindu book of Ramayana.For more detail please read my answer on:-(1). Was Ramayan, a myth, mithya, mythical, fable, fictional, flight of fantasy, tale, or mythological work or script(ure) only?(2). What are some unbelievable facts of Mahabaratha and Ramayana?32,000 year old underwater city found - Dwarka. In Northern India the remains of a city claimed to be Dwarka the City of "Lord Krisha" was found.Submersion into the SeaAfter Krishna left the earth for Vaikuntha,about 36 years after the Mahabharat War (3138 BC), and the major Yadava leaders were killed in disputes among themselves, Arjuna went to Dwarka to bring Krishna's grandsons and the Yadava wives to Hastinapur, to safety. After Arjuna left Dwarka, it was submerged into the sea. Following is the account given by Arjuna, found in the Mahabharata:The sea rushed into the city. It coursed through the streets of the beautiful city. The sea covered up everything in the city. I saw the beautiful buildings becoming submerged one by one. In a matter of a few moments it was all over. The sea had now become as placid as a lake. There was no trace of the city. Dwaraka was just a name; just a memory.The Vishnu Purana also mentions the submersion of Dwarka, statingOn the same day that Krishna departed from the earth the powerful dark-bodied Kali Age descended. The oceans rose and submerged the whole of Dwarka.A follow-up investigation was conducted by NIOT in November 2001, which included dredging to recover artifacts and sonar scans to detect structures. Among the artifacts recovered were a piece of wood, pottery sherds, weathered stones initially described as hand tools, fossilized bones, and a tooth. Artifacts were sent to the National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) in Hyderabad, India, the Birbal Sahni Institute of Paleobotany (BSIP) in Lucknow, Germany, and the Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmedabad, India. The piece of wood was carbon dated to an age of 9,500 years old.NIOT returned for further investigation in the Gulf from October 2002 to January 2003. During these excavations, NIOT reported finding two paleochannels flanked by rectangular and square basement-like features. Artifacts were recovered by means of dredging, including pottery sherds, microliths, wattle and daub remains, and hearth materials. These artifacts were sent for dating at the laboratories of Manipur University and Oxford University. The wattle and daub remains are composed of locally available clay, reed, husk, pottery pieces, and pieces of fresh water shell. The wattle and daub also shows evidence of partial burning.The most recent work in the Gulf of Khambhat took place from October 2003 to January 2004 and was primarily a geologic study. Techniques used during this investigation include bathymetry survey, sub-bottom survey, side-scan survey, and magnetic survey. One of the major findings from this investigation concerns the orientation of sand ripples at the site. NIOT researchers claim that there are two sets of ripples visible at the site; One set is a natural feature formed by tidal currents while the other set has formed in relation to underlying structural features.===========Diving into Dwarka's RuinsNow evidence surfacing in the ocean environs around the current city points to an origin of Dwarka within prehistoric times, found at depths of 40 meters and off shore more than a km away over a 9 km stretch. Such a distance suggests very old dates for the structures to have been flooded, stretching as far back as the last Ice Age, nearly 12,000 years. The NIOT (National Institute of Oceanography and Technology of India) led by India's Union Minister for Human Resource Development, Science and Technology division, Murli Manohar Joshi spotted the structures using side-scanning sonar quite by accident while monitoring the seafloor for pollution. The buildings are evenly spaced and contain deep foundations within the seabed; a number of regular steps seem apparent within a number of the structures. A feature called the "fortress" is nearly 98 meters in length (321 feet). Joshi also calls to attention other buildings underwater, including a granary, drainage system, and public bath. There can be no doubt that the features are man-made.Computer simulated underwater image of sonar-scanned "fortress" at the Gulf of Khambat off the coast of the Gujerat Peninsula 131 feet below the water surfaceRadiocarbon dating of recently found artifacts confirm the date by archaeologists diving in the areas of the stone monumentsbeneath the waves. A piece of wood found amongst the ruins gives a date of about 9500 years into the past. Minister Joshi of Ocean Technology announced these findings along with other organic artifacts which place the site at 7500 years old and older. Within the past few months before the Ministers official announcement, engineers had begun extensive dredging operations there and pulled up human fossil bones, fossil wood, stone tools, pieces of pottery and many other things that indicated that it indeed was a human habitation site around the stone ruins. The pieces of pottery that have been found do not seem to contain any similar characteristics of inland pottery, even those of the Indus Sarasvati civilization dating around 2500 BC and earlier.Archaeological Finds: Truly Ancient PotteryA thin piece of reddish and brown ceramic pot shard was taken to the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmadabad, Gujarat State, using standard Thermoluminescence based pottery methods to place the age of the sample. The pottery piece gave a date of 13000 ± 1950 BP. Another pottery piece, which was ill fired, on OSL dating (Location 21 o12.54’ N; 72 o 30.370’ E) by Oxford University gave an age of 16840 ± 2620 BP. These are indeed old, giving them an age c. 17000 BC. Other pieces of fired clays (for making pottery), were found giving ages of 20130 ± 2170 BP (Location 21 o 13.720’ N; 72 o 26.190’ E) and 16600 ± 1150 BP (Location 21 o13.80 ‘N; 72 o 26.10 E), by OSL as determined by the Oxford University dating lab. The well fired 3 potteries in the northern palaeochannel gave ages of 7506 ± 785 BP, 6097 ± 611 BP (both by Manipur University) and 4330 ± 1330 BP by Oxford University. Hearth materials that were gathered in the dredging efforts from the southern township (Location 21o03.04 N 72o30.70 E) by TL dating from PRL, Ahmedabad gave an age of 10000 ± 1500 BP whereas the hearth material near the top in the northern township nearer to the shore gave an age expectantly earlier resulting of 3530 ± 330 BP by OSL, Oxford University.More miraculous even is the discovery of ceramic plates that contain eroded "impressions"; Joshi believes the tablets may be evidence for the some of the first writing in the world.As of today, the NIOT or any other agency has yet to actually conduct careful underwater marine archaeological digs of the site with manned dives. The legislation required to do so is complicated and requires on average much more funds than regular land-based digs and surveys. This is another reason why such places as Dwarka in other parts of the world's inundated vast coastal ocean shelves remain unstudied and elusive to archaeologists.God Shri Krishna’s Birth Year:-Sri Krishna was born 38,87,874th year of 28th Chaturyugi.Dwapar Yuga comes at third sequence of cycle of Four Yuga.Dwa= twoDwaparyuga is 02 times longer then Kaliyuga.Kaliyuga is 04,32,000 years long.Dwaparyuga is 08,64,000 years long.Sri Krishna was born in end of Dwaparyuga.When Sri Krishna born only 126 years of Dwaparyuga were remaining.Sri Krishna lived 125 years 08 months and 07 days.Kaliyuga was started on same year when Sri Krishna goes to his Devine abode.Kaliyuga was started in midnight of 17th February BCE 3102.5,117 years of Kaliyuga are completed now (in A.D. 2015)5,118th year of Kaliyuga is running now (A.D. 2015)God Sri Krishna was born 38,87,874th year of 28th Chaturyugi.1 Chaturyugi = 1 cycle of four Yuga.Yugas are four.(1) Satyayuga = 17,28,000 years(2) Tretayuga = 12,96,000 years(3) Dwaparyuga = 08,64,000 years(4) Kaliyuga = 04,32,000 years.God Sri Krishna was born in end of Dwaparayuga.When God Sri Krishna was born, only 126 years of Dwaparyuga were remaining.08,64,000-126= 08,63,874 years17,28,000 + 12,96,000 + 08,63,874 = 38,87,874 yearsSri Krishna was born 38,87,874th year of 28th Chaturyugi.For More Detail Please Read My These Answers:-How many years after starting 28th Chaturyugi Sri Krishna was born?In Which year of Dwaparyuga Sri Krishna was born?In Which Yuga Sri Krishna Born?In Which Chaturyugi Sri Krishna Born?In Which Yuga Sri Krishna Born?In Which Kalpa Sri Krishna Born?