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Try this: throw a big party for all your friends and relations, the highlight of which is that someone who actually does that for a living ritualistically cuts off the tip of your newborn baby boy’s left little finger without anaesthesia, and offer, as your only explanation, that it is just a tradition in your family. Summary arrest would be followed by a swift psycholgical consult, a brief trial where you would arrive with a bag over your head to prevent public disorder, then a long stretch of confinement in the sort of prison-within-a-prison reserved for rapists and paedophiles.In other words, its the sort of behaviour that would generate an outpouring of scandalised compassion for its victim, even from those who have made a career of inconsiderate sociopathy.But book a Kletzmer band, set out a buffet of brisket, gefilte fish, and matzo bread, do the same thing to the baby boy’s penis, call it a ‘Bris’, and everyone justs shouts ‘Mazel tov!’, gets tipsy, and starts dancing.Had it not been a Jewish tradition since antiquity, and hence that any principled criticism of it can cheaply be misportrayed as intolerant antisemitism, male genital mutilation, or ‘circumcision’ to use its exculpatory euphemism*, would rightly attract penalties in law appropriate to any other form of premeditated bodily harm against a defenceless infant. To anyone who has ever held a newborn baby in their arms, and been intoxicated by its exquisite mixture of implicit trust, innocence, and vulnerability, it is the inexplicable action of a perverted monster.Its defence of being a tradition with its roots in antiquity should cut no more ice than any other practice whose continued existence rests on its being ‘antiquated’. In a post-tribal and more enlightened world, it is a truly insane thing to do, cruel, pointless and barbaric, which makes complicit those who excuse it, ignore it, or otherwise fail to stop it - currently everybody else in the world - as complicit in its madness as someone seeing a baby falling from a high balcony above them, and crossing the street to avoid being hit by it.There is no particularly good reason to do it, and several good reasons not to, perhaps the most important of which is that the parents, however well-intentioned, are making a decision that will, without his knowledge or consent, permanently and negatively impact their son’s ability to enjoy the benefits of a normal sex life.According to the bizarre, not to say impenetrable, logic of the Rabbinical perspective, circumcision is obligatory for Jews, until the end of time, precisely because it is insane; debilitating, unnatural, dangerous, misogynistic, repressive, sectarian, and most of all, symbolic rather than practical. These are not modern liberal accusations, but the precise justifications provided by the 12th Century Jewish sage Moses Maimonides, who, in his ‘Guide to the Perplexed’ of 1190, is refreshingly more candid about its real purpose than anyone in the present day;debilitating:One of its objects is … to weaken the organ of generation as far as possible. The bodily damage caused to that organ is exactly that which is desired; it does not interrupt any vital function, nor does it destroy the power of generation…for there is no doubt that circumcision weakens the power of sexual excitement, and sometimes lessens the natural enjoyment: for if at birth this member has been made to bleed and has had its covering taken away from it, it must indubitably be weakened.unnatural:Some people believe that circumcision is to remove a defect in man's formation; but every one can easily reply: How can products of nature be deficient so as to require external completion, especially as the use of the fore-skin to that organ is evident…. This commandment has not been enjoined as a complement to a deficient physical creation…dangerous:circumcision is not like an incision on the leg, or a burning in the arm, but a very difficult operation.misogynistic:The Sages, may their memory be blessed, have explicitly stated: It is hard for a woman, with whom an uncircumcised man had sexual intercourse, to separate from him. In my opinion this is the strongest of the reasons for circumcision.sectarian:Another important object in this commandment is that it gives to all members of the same faith, … a common bodily sign, so that it is impossible for any one that is a stranger, to say that he belongs to them.repressive:Circumcision simply counteracts excessive lust… to limit sexual intercourse, thus cause man to be moderate… as a means for perfecting man's moral shortcomings.symbolic:No one, however, should circumcise himself or his son for any other reason but pure faith… This purpose of the circumcision is as important as the first, and perhaps more important.It is also a fact that there is much mutual love and assistance among people that are united by the same sign when they consider it as a covenant.We have to thank Maimonides for spelling it out so explicitly. To sum up, the core reasons for this practice are that, in the view of a group of sanctimonious old men a millenium ago,the sex act is too enjoyable to be compatible with a righteous life,men are immoral by nature, so you have to worsen the experience to dissuade them,you have to able to tell who the real Jews** are (picture the scene: “I am also one of God's chosen people.” “Yeah? Show us your dick!”)woman would otherwise be tempted into enjoying sexual pleasure, and become emotionally attached to a sensitive and enthusiastic loverand in the view of a different group of sanctimonious old men over a century ago, which we will get to next,to try to stop boys wanking.To which we could add, from the modern perspective, charges of infanticide by misadventure, breathtaking sexism, and forced religious conversion, which under the UN Convention on Human Rights is illegal when done to adults. (The reason that it can be done with impunity to children is at the insistence of religious parents, who are well aware that the survival of the religion depends on successful indoctrination of their children, and by them to their children, ad infinitum.)The main reason it was adopted in the USA in the 19th century was that it was thought to reduce the awful ‘vice’ of masturbation, but this reasoning faded away, as well it might, into a vague and unquestioned ‘tradition’ in the 20th century, as people began to recognise an intrinsically harmless, enjoyable and indeed healthy practice when they saw one. (Anyone who has read Philip Roth’s then-scandalous 1969 memoir of a teenage Jewish compulsive masturbator, Portnoy’s Complaint, would have to acknowledge that as a ‘cure’ for masturbation, circumcision was an unqualified and spectacular failure).Any talk about ‘hygienic benefits’ is pure post-facto rationalization from those who have had to back-pedal away from the original motivations, and want to sound modern and civilized while misdirecting attention away from the fact that they are actually talking about hacking off one of the most sensitive parts of a live baby.The only thing that makes circumcision hygenically preferable to no circumcision is the equally antiquated but less proud tradition of embarrassed reluctance to properly wash (or for that matter, even touch) the penis, or to have a conversation with a child that is frank about basic human anatomy and personal hygiene . If hygeine is what you really want, all of the hygenic benefits that are ascribed to circumcision can be achieved with soap and warm water, and a little less Victorian-era prudery.Nature endows the glans penis with a sensitive mucous membrane, which the foreskin protects and maintains; the mutilation turns this into normal (i.e., dead) external skin, with the loss of most of its sensitivity, and the additional sensation that the inside of the lost foreskin would have delivered. To bring the destruction of sensitivity home, the difference between an uncircumcised and a circumcised glans is exactly the same as that between the moist inside and dry outside of your lips.However much people wish to honour their religion, and however noble they find its precepts, in any coherent ethical framework, this practice is as cruel, pointless, and indefensible as the equally religiously-mandated stoning to death of adulterers and rape victims. The logic of the retention of one barbaric practice in the face of near-universal agreement that a directly comparable one is unconscionable and unworthy of any culture identifying as civilised, is to say the least, elusive.As Maimonides elsewhere observes, it is usually done only to the newborn, because the later it is left, the more the father naturally feels a disquieting empathy for the poor boy getting his harmless and defenceless little willie snipped. In other words, circumcision requires of the pious or medically ignorant parent that, before they have an opportunity to experience the growing love that would make it unthinkable to deliberately inflict such pain, injury, and disfigurement on him, they must forego the otherwise unassailable moral obligation of a parent to protect their child from avoidable harm. (There is also the unstated, but equally cogent, point that if you try to slice off the foreskin of a male old enough to speak for themselves, they will quite righty tell you to fuck off.)The human cost of this pointless conformity either to religious duty or misinformed family habit, is the ruin of the ability of the coming man to both love, and be loved, to the fullest extent that evolutionary fitness equipped him as a newborn baby. In short, the thinking seems to be that sex is not one of nature’s few generous and unlimited gifts, an exaltation of delight and pleasure in the vigour and sensitivity of the body, and the cement binding a relationship between adults who wish to demonstrate their love for each other, but a tiresome and mainly unrewarding civic duty, whose only rationale is the logistical need to produce a steady stream of baby boys who can be involuntarily co-opted into its perpetuation.More corrosive of the moral, ethical and empathatic human faculties, is the cowardly appeasement of the functioning conscience that makes parents hand off, to a well-remunerated mohel or cosmetic surgeon, the intrinsic brutality of an act that few could scarcely bring themselves to perform, and which absent religion, they could not begin to justify, to themselves or others. Giving the job to a professional, however, is not without it's own risks; thousands of baby boys have died from opportunistic infections and surgical complications.To answer your second question, I would not only make ‘circumcision’ illegal, but register in the DSM that approval of the practice on any grounds, including the religious, is a clear symptom of cognitive impairment, requiring immediate psychiatric assessment, and rehabilitative therapy.There’s really no need to drag God into this; although written by an atheist, this perspective should make the same sense to a person of any or no religious persuasion, other than the Abrahamites who practice it.* ‘Circumcision’ (cutting around) is a deliberate euphemism, designed to misdirect by sounding like a neutral medical term, which it isn’t. Nothing else on the body is, or even can be, ‘circumcised’. The more precise clinical term for something done only to the foreskin would be ‘prepuciotomy’, which rightly has a much more drastic ring to it.** This rather backfired when the 20th century saw the most dedicated anti-semites in history also use it to identify who the real Jews were, so they could be that much more forensic in their extermination.

Honestly, it would be quicker and easier to answer how they didn’t affect the medieval world. The Mongols changed the world in so many subtle ways that are easy to take for granted now, but were unheard of back then. To give an image of their global influence, Matthew Paris noted how England lacked herring imports in the late 1230’s because the Mongol invasions had disrupted the European fishing trade in the east. This same people caused Japan, on the opposite end of the globe, to vastly improve their military capabilities as well as create a legend of the Divine Winds that would always protect Japan — something that remained in popular culture to the extent that it was invoked in World War II.ContextThe key context to understand here is that prior to the Mongols, very significant chunks of Eurasia were completely unknown to inhabitants of other parts. It wasn’t that they knew who they were but they didn’t know much about them, it was a level lower: they didn’t know who was out there. The most important thing the Mongols did was to connect, explore, and reveal the world. Prior to them, every nation was isolated in a small realm. The Mongols themselves did almost all their conquering in lands that Genghis Khan would have either not known existed or at best knew almost nothing about in his youth. A pre-Mongol, 12th century Marco Polo would have been unthinkable — there is a reason why we don’t hear records of this despite centuries of chances prior.In other words, the Mongol conquests were as much about exploration as they were about conquest. Many of the Mongol’s enemies had no idea who they were until they were already defeated. A Rus chronicler expressed utter confusion at the Mongol cavalry raid of 1222–1224:“The same year, for our sins, unknown tribes came, whom no one exactly knows, who they are, nor whence they came out, nor what their language is, nor of what race they are, nor what their faith is; but they call them Tartars”Imagine a modern nation having its military completely demolished by a completely unknown people, who then vanish towards a different direction (east) than the way they came (South). Unthinkable, right? But that provincial isolation was the reality of the world at the beginning of the 13th century. Strange tales began to develop. The Europeans first began hearing of the Mongols in the early 1220’s when the Mongols were invaded the Khwarezmian Empire. In the European mind, this unknown people got transformed into a lost Christian King David of the East, Prester John, who was now attacking their hated Muslim enemy. Unfortunately for them, it was actually Genghis Khan, not Prester John.By the mid 1240’s and after, multiple European ambassadors would travel all the way from Italy to Mongolia and back, the darkness finally unraveled. Trade flourished along a well-maintained and secured Silk Road, since prospective merchants could now accurately assess their expenses rather than being uncertain if each new trip would be their last. Both Ogedei and Mongke Khan also pursued economic policies that heavily promoted and encouraged trade, while generous Mongol bankruptcy policies incentivized more risk-taking. This trading explosion brought Marco Polo to China, and gunpowder to Europe, among many other things.This exploration also took place into unknown areas for any civilization: the frozen wilderness of Northern Siberia. The Yuan Shi records that the Mongols reached the Arctic Sea by sailing up the Yenisei River, and also received rare tribute from the completely isolated tribes who lived up there. Juvaini notes that the Mongols conducted silver mining missions deep up the Yenisei, while the 14th century traveler Ibn Battuta recorded the flow of trade from the Middle East to the Volga River, all the way north to the Arctic Sea along the Ob-Irtysh and the land of always night. Sakhalin island was also brought into the realm. The Yuan dynasty would later establish an astronomical observatory deep into this area of Siberia.Direct ImpactThe most obvious impact is the death toll. In large scale wars, many people inevitably die. Most deaths in these lengthy, vast wars occur indirectly from causes like famine, disease, or displacement. The Mongols certainly were not more brutal than their contemporaries - they did not persecute or murder their own innocent civilians, for example. They were simply ruthlessly pragmatic, likely a result of the incredibly harsh and deadly environment of 12th century Mongolia. But since they conquered so much more than anyone else, so quickly, a lot of people died. The Mongol conquests were a World War in all but name.A couple areas were totally devastated, most notably Khorasan in Central Asia. But most areas suffered heavily like Transoxiana in Central Asia, and then recovered within a generation or two under Mongol stewardship. To give one example, Samarkand was confirmed to have lost 3/4 of its pre-Mongol population of 500,000 in 1221 by the disciple of a Chinese sage who visited the area. Juvaini, a Muslim historian, confirmed that the area had recovered to that initial level of prosperity in his time (1260).Intentional population displacement was probably the next biggest impact. The Mongols, being nomadic, had a very unique synthesizer-type approach towards cultural innovation. Originally this was interpreted as the Mongols having no culture when the this field of history was less developed, but now its become clear that Mongol culture deliberately took the best practices from the various peoples they encountered.Furthermore, they actively searched for top performers in every field, and brought them together to work. That meant miners and smiths were taken from Germany, China, and Central Asia and all brought together in various parts of the Empire. It led to doctors skilled in Chinese, Islamic, Tibetan, and Indian medicinal treatments interacting with each other, giving Mongol leaders both extra options as well as an intermingling of the successful methods of each region. Given Kublai Khan lived 84 years, he likely benefited from some excellent health care (though it seems these doctors could not stop the rampant alcoholism many Mongol khans suffered from, and Abaqa Khan’s doctor’s may have hurt his health more than helped). Individuals also had fantastic opportunity within the Empire if they were truly talented. One of the wealthiest individuals in the later Ilkhanate was actually a doctor, and the qualified descendants of many forcibly-emigrated artisans later rose to high-ranking positions within the Empire.Astronomy also was another highly-emphasized field at the direction of the Khans. In Persia, the famous polymath Nasr al din Tusi made significant advancements at the newly established Maragheh observatory, including the creation of the Tusi couple and a type of heliocentric model, centuries before Copernicus (who he likely influenced). In China, Guo Shoujing created a calendar that was almost as reliable as the modern Gregorian calendar.Less spoken of is also the historical, arts, and culinary impact, but these were still standout changes. Rashid al-Din, a Mongol high official in Persia, wrote the first world history, a massive tome that had access to an unparalleled number of sources far beyond his region. He was helped by the transmission of Chinese historiography and methodology, which had previously been accessible only to Chinese bureaucrats. Mongol art across the empire, though quite varied, often emphasized the human role in shaping the world. Which, given what they had done, was hardly surprising!Culinary-wise, many regional recipes and ingredients were spread across the empire and gave far greater options for the palate of the well-off than ever before — one of the most intriguing books I read about the Mongol Empire is called ‘A Soup for a Qan’ by Paul Buell. I am giving a rosy picture of what may well have been closer to an intermittent occurrence when needed than a rigorous, systemic practice: our sources are by no means perfect. The main point though, is that this type of cultural synthesis did not exist anywhere near this scale until the last 100 years or so. And even now, it is hardly done as deliberately or systemically as it could be.The famous Roger Bacon actually gave the Mongols high praise: "they have succeeded by means of science." While Khans or officials may not have used a systemic method of empirical experimentation, this cultural synthesis may have produced a similar effect on a global level. All of these effects meshed with each other in a system that spiraled to the advancement of the empire. For example, the introduction of the printing press to areas beyond China led to a superior transmission of knowledge overall, though the Ilkhanate did reject the moveable type printing press. The proliferation of new foods and recipes led to Chinese doctors experimenting with the nutritional and health effects of various foods, as well as testing them in new medicines. This led to more practical remedies for illnesses, and even recommendations of foods for pregnant mothers to avoid, some based on the recommendations of the great scholar Avicenna of Central Asia.The Mongols preference for moving around peoples and emphasizing certain areas also changed the prosperous centers of certain regions. Beijing became not one of many capitals of China, but the capital. Maragheh and the surrounding Azerbaijan area flourished, while central Mesopotamia declined. 200 years later, Moscow would later become the center of the new Russian state, because Muscovy had served as the primary tax collector for the Golden Horde. This gave the people of Muscovy the best access at learning from the Mongols methods, and adapting.Additionally, the simple act of the Mongols controlling such a large region changed how certain regions were perceived in later generations. What is now Modern China had never been unified before the Yuan dynasty, but since the Yuan dynasty every subsequent Chinese government has made strenuous efforts to claim and control Yunnan province and Tibet.Indirect ImpactMany of the Mongol’s innovations did not last past their demise. So while they had a great peak of influence, many innovations did not last because they were abstract designs or systems, not structures like the pyramids. The concept of Religious tolerance or even indifference did not last even the lifetimes of several of the Mongol Khanates themselves, and it certainly did not remain afterwards. The Silk Road, though still connected, did not remain crime-free. The Ming dynasty did not continue Kublai Khan’s public education system.When the Mongol Empire crumbled in the mid-14th century, so did the practice and capability of bringing together the best minds and artisans from across Eurasia. The end of that bountiful cultural synthesis was arguably the most tragic loss of the Empire’s collapse. Tamerlane, the infamous warlord who emerged from the power vacuum left after the empire collapsed, was a great builder but did not create the cultural synthesis of the Mongols.A very indirect result of the Mongols, and Tamerlane, profoundly shaped the last 500 years of Indian history. Babur, a descendant of both Genghis Khan and Tamerlane, migrated from Central Asia to carve out an Empire in Afghanistan and India. This Mughal Empire would go on to conquer almost the entirety of India, and rule in a unique fashion. By 1700, the Mughal economy remained larger than the entire combined economy of all of Europe, though they did collapse shortly after.The Mongols directly connected Eurasia from end to end, and indirectly influenced even the south of Asia. 200 years later, they indirectly connected the Americas to Eurasia. Christopher Columbus’s famous voyage set out with the goal of finding the Cathay (China) of Kublai Khan described by the famous Marco Polo. Of course he did not find China, but instead spread the discovery of a new continent to heads of state in Europe. Portuguese explorers also sailed around Africa with the goal of reaching the fabled land of Polo’s China. History takes funny turns sometimes!I should note that Jack Weatherford has argued that the Mongol concept of religious tolerance may have also had a deep, delayed indirect impact. This concept was relayed by a French biographer of Genghis Khan in the 18th century named Petis de la Croix, and may have influenced the United States founders into creating a nation built upon religious freedom and the separation of church and state, since several founders were known to have possessed the book.A special direct and indirect impact of the Mongols was in regards to women. While it was not absolute equality, Mongol women had equality and opportunity in ways that even most modern U.S. women do not, something noted with disdain or surprise by European and Muslim accounts. Wives were expected to completely manage the house and handle finances. Lady Sorghaghtani heavily influenced Ogedei Khan’s economic and cultural policies, as well as those of her sons who became Khan. Mongol women could compete equally with men in areas like archery, horseback riding, and even wrestling. European observers noted that they performed just as proficiently as the men in the former two. One such women, the princess Khutulun, even achieved acclaim by going undefeated as a wrestler against men.This high regard for the capabilities of women also transferred in a way to two offshoot empires the Mongols influenced, the Ottomans and the Mughals, as well as multiple Central Asian empires. Nur Jahan, a Mughal Empress, became a legendary and renowned figure in Indian history for her influence and rule. However, this equality did not last in areas outside of Mongolia itself, where even in the early 1900’s a Mongolian princess, Nirigidma de Torhout, maintained that women had possessed equality since the time of Genghis Khan. The concept of modern feminism, to her, was nothing new.Lastly, it has often been stated that because the Silk Road opened up, the Mongols were responsible for spreading the Black Death. Newer research seems to dispute this based on the timelines, although the truth is still uncertain either way. The anecdote of Golden Horde commanders catapulting plague victims over the walls of Caffa has been argued against because other contemporary sources do not mention it; however, that sounds like a very Mongol-like pragmatic approach to me.The above summary is by no means complete or comprehensive. For those who are interested, I’d recommend a few books:Thomas Allsen — Culture and ConquestPaul Buell — A Soup for a QanTimothy May — The Mongol Conquests in World HistoryMichal Biran : Chinggis Khan : Makers of the Muslim WorldEd. by Linda Komaroff — Beyond the Legacy of Genghis KhanRashid al Din — Compendium of Chronicles (Boyle’s translation of vol. 2 is available here)

Thanks for A2A sarada.Thank you for asking this question cause in my opinion the answer to this question is my favourite character of all time. Yeah Naruto is my favourite anime and I will remain it's fan for eternity although I like other anime like shingeki No kyojin also very much and have many favourite characters from other series too like Captain levi, Zoro etc but this character is above all of them for me. I have so many favourite characters in the Naruto like Minato, itachi, madara, Nagato, Hashirama, tobirama, OBITO and many more, but this man, I don't why but I feel so connected to him. I have cried very few times in my life even when I was a kid, but I cried so much the day he died. I will tell in the last why I am so connected to him.It is absolutely one and only the pervy sage of Mount Myoboku Jiraiya. I will clear you out why I consider him the strongest of Sanin just keep reading and you will understand the full extent of his power, but I will like to tell you it was never for his power that I like him. In this answer as I have already said I consider him the strongest so most of the things will be about him, but still try to stick to the question and be fair in it.He graduated from the academy at age of 6,( like to tell you that Kakashi did at age of 5, minato at 10 and itachi and shishui did at age of 7 at their time). But still though he was considered to be suitable for becoming of ninja unlike them he did not had any talent cause also he didn't had any motive unlike Minato who wanted to be hokage or others who have faced loss in their life but him he didn't know about his clan parents nothing. Atleast orochimaru did knew about his parents how they died in war that gave him motive to be immortal, and he himself was a genius like Minato, itachi. But our pervert sage was good for nothing. That when he reverse summoned himself to Mount Myoboku and found the path for his life that will bring world peace and started to train and become strong.Started to learn senjutsu which is considered to be one of the strongest jutsu ever but due to the missions and war of Konoho it took him too long to master it, after the second ninja war he was able to master it completely. It's is till here that I wanted to tell that what made him to become powerful. Just a little bit about him more. He was the Sensei of the few of the strongest shinobi ever Minato, Nagato and our very own Naruto. And not just Jutsu’s he was the one who carved the goodness in them. As it was shown that Nagato went into wrong path cause of the death of Yahiko else even after the death of his parents he never choose to be Evil.Now for why he is the strongest of all the Sanins, hell why he was one the strongest shinobi ever lived instead of just Sanin I will like to tell you that :-I will start with a thing that he was offered the position of Hokage three times. First when Hiruzen stepped down for first time, and Minato became the fourth hokage, after the death of Minato again he was asked and after the death of Hiruzen again. Now do you understand that how strong he was that elders and shinobis of the village were so adamant for him to be Hokage cause they believed every time when it was offered to him that he is best suited to protect the village and would have been offered may be fourth time if he would have been alive.A shinobi’s real capability is shown in missions there he was second to none.He is the only ninja in the whole history that has carried out the most numbers of missions ever(1839) and also the most numbers of S rank missions(138). And also more than 55% on his own. He was master of infiltration and one of the greatest spy ever. You will be thinking that why I am telling the no. missions, but here instead of total number of missions i want you to focus on the number of S rank mission. Why, now allow me to tell you what is a S rank mission. Assassination of second Hokage Tobirama, which was done by an 20 S rank ninja team Kinkaku and Ginkaku Unit. Now here I will tell you two things, first what is S rank ninja, compare it with Kakashi. Kakashi is a jounin Upper rank A class ninja just a little below than S rank ninja. And jiraya was a Upper class S rank ninja. Now what a S rank team is, compare it with Akatsuki, Akatsuki was believed to be composed of most of the S rank ninja that's what a S rank team is. One of his S rank mission which I remember was wiping out The kagero village, although he did that with team but he was the leader of that mission itself tells how strong he was even at that early age. Now you know what a S rank ninja, team and mission is, and just think that he did most of them alone in his life. How strong he was, other sanin always did that in teams. His last mission infiltration of Amegakure was also a S rank mission.Now comparing with the rival orochimaru with whom most of the people do compare. Sorry but orochimaru stands no chance in camparison to him with one on one direct sudden confrontation. May be he will if given some time but still I doubt though.Here I will start with quoting a dialogue :- “learning thousands of techniques may help you in winning small battles but It will not help you in winning big one. Only that technique that you have practiced thousands of time will help you in winning big ones”. That's the case of orochimaru, that's what itachi also said indirectly that no matter how many jutsu’s he learns his eyes will always see through them.Jiraya didn't knew as much jutsu as orochimaru but that were not less in any manner. But before heading on on let me list them. He was able to use all chakra type except lightning but wait it doesn't ends here, damn he was even able to use Yin Yang release both. And also the strongest earthstyle user ever.Nature TypeFire ReleaseWind ReleaseEarth ReleaseWater ReleaseYin ReleaseYang ReleaseJutsuBarrier: Canopy Method FormationBarrier: Toad Gourd PrisonBig Ball RasenganEarth Release: Swamp of the UnderworldFinger Carving SealFire Release: Big Flame BulletFire Release: Dragon Fire TechniqueFire Release: Flame BulletFire Release: Toad Oil Flame BulletFire Sealing MethodFive Elements UnsealFrog KataHair Needle SenbonHiding in a Toad TechniqueNeedle HellNeedle JizōRasenganSage Art: GoemonSage ModeShadow Clone TechniqueSpiralling Serial SpheresSummoning Technique (Toad)Summoning: Crushing Toad StomachSummoning: Food Cart Destroyer TechniqueSummoning: Toad Mouth BindSummoning: Toad Shop TechniqueToad Flatness — Shadow Manipulation TechniqueToad Oil BulletTransparent Escape TechniqueTurning into a Frog TechniqueUltra-Big Ball RasenganWater Release: Water GunWild Lion's Mane Technique ToolsChakra-Suppressing SealFūma ShurikenHidden Kunai MechanismStone SwordsNow on to their comparison. Two things that are enough to describe why he was stronger than Orochimaru. First how itachi defeated orochimaru, just by glance, yeah just by a look of his eyes he defeated him without any effort and also didn't gave a shit about his greatest and strongest snake related technique 8 headed serpent even when itachi was in a dying state he defeated his strongest technique with ease. But it was the same itachi at full power who was with Kisame said that no matter what they do, they will not be able to defeat him and even if they bring more men and kill him they will not be standing alive to take naruto. Even a strong shinobi like kisame said that he is not even a near match for him. At most they believed that they would get a stalemate if they fought with jiraya and were not sure for even that. Now you can assess yourself how strong he was that even itachi was not willing to take risk for that mission as he was certain that success of that mission was Zero against him.Second about Nagato. Orochimaru was so strong that he was holding back against Sasori’s most powerful technique so that he can fight Nagato,but It took just Deva path of nagato to made orochimaru realise that he can't win against Nagato, from this you can understand yourself that how much more strong nagato was than orochimaru, one more thing about Nagato that it took itachi at full power, Naruto kyubi chakra mode and complete jinchuriki bee to defeat Nagato on equal terms. Same itachi who defeated orochimaru even when he was dying. That same Nagato against whom he ultimately meets his end — the leader of Akatsuki — stated that he would have lost had Jiraiya known the secret of the Six Paths of Pain which even Obito feels how big threat Jiraiya was to Akatsuki and how strong he was. The difference between the power of orochimaru and jiraiya was not small as some people think.Just take one more example, when he was fighting Orochimaru and Kabuto when he went to find Tsunade with Naruto. Yeah I consider here that arms of orchimaru were cut but Kabuto was doing the job of his arms time and time. But at that time others were at their all most full chakra reserve and fighting but jiraiya here was drugged by Tsunade that he was not able to build any chakra but still made a dark swamp that was big enough to swallow the two headed snake that was summoned by orochimaru what would have happened if he would have been at his full chakra. Even when he was drugged he was at equal terms with orochimaru, at that time that he was not able to use any jutsu properly.And now his legendary sage mode, orochimaru also tried to learn senjutsu but never was able to go in sage mode, as may be you have seen Kabuto or Mitsuki doing it that was what orochimaru tried to learn but never became successful. And let me tell you one thing that it was really difficult that's why there were not many user of it and even minato was never able to master it completely. The reason why Nagato and Itachi said that they would have never defeated jiraiya was cause they knew how strong sage mode. You can understand yourself that how legendary and strong sage mode is. When naruto used it first time when linked completely with Kurama against obito, Sasuke says that how far will you go in anger, that is he understands that how strong Naruto gets after using that in kyubi mode. And also to fight Indra’s arrow if it wouldn't have been sage mode Naruto would have died that time. Also remember Madara and 9 tails vs Hashirama at final valley. To take down Madara and 9 tails both Hashirama had to go in sage mode to make a buddha with thousands of palms. That's what sage mode does to anyone takes a normal thing and makes it legendary and do I need to tell about Hagoromo how after he learned senjutsu he was able to awake Rinnegan. And jiraiya’s sage mode was also very strong that's why those strong shinobis itachi and Nagato said those words.He was a lot stronger in his base form also, Naruto didn't mastered sage mode completely when he fought Nagato but eventually defeated him but at that time Nagato was at less than 50% of his power after using almighty push at village but jiraiya was fighting him at his full power still Nagato was defensive and jiraiya was offensive. Naruto was in sage mode when he throwed away one of Nagato’s Summoning, but if you remember that how jiraiya kicked one of his summoning when he was trying to go in sage mode above Gamaken and was not able to keep still because of it that much strong he was even in his base form. Atlas he had to summon elders to go in sage mode. But even if he is uses base form he has large chakra reserves and his chakra control was as good as minato that he was able to make rasengan in both hands also a giant rasengan ball in blink of a eye.In the last I will like to tell what one of the strongest shinobi and Hokage Kakashi Hatake thought about him, he found the notion of someone single-handedly defeating Jiraiya almost absurd. This itself is a big thing as someone who has faced powerful shinobis of all the nations and his own nations rogue ninjas too and then he said that tells how strong he was.So from all these you can yourself think how strong he was. In last I will tell a little bit about why I liked him, not cause he was super pervert well that did used to bring smiles on faces of everyone, but instead how he lived and what he believed in. That he gave everything for his Nation but still died in regrets. A spy, whose network was in all five nations, who worked in dark and died without anyone's acknowledgement instead it was just Naruto in the end who always did. A guy who never wanted to kill or fight but had to kill and wipe out a whole village, he just wanted to end the hatred that was in Shinobi world. After doing so much for his nation still he considered himself as failure as he failed to protect his master and student from death and friend from betraying village. Who always thought for everyone in the world, travelled the world and lived a selfless life. That's why he is my favourite character. I know in Naruto there are many characters who have done sacrifice and lived a selfless life like him but I got connection with him only.Thank you for reading and sorry if the answer seem biased but you can't deny the fact that he was the strongest of all Sanins.Info source :- Jiraiya