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The question has who had the last winner flag im hia hand . This question is asked oven who was a great leader Mahtama Ganghijee or Neta jee Subhash Chandra Bose. .The war is the last resort that has all obver the world agreed for it makes vast distruction irrespective of who is killed innocent or the people who rule are decimated. .Why don't people end the war and then resort to peace . Why do people resort to peace than standing with their mind the only way is vilolence .War is the ultimate viloience where People lose their patience and don't even care for the distruction of even the inocent .There can't be reasonable logical to go for vilolence at any cost .When India was about to get Independence there were two challenges faced before the leaders one that were oppsition to each other The religion based and the other the communist based theories against growing if capitilsm . When pity leadres were just burning their heads in hatred of religion . Ganghijee Nehru Sardar Patel were thinking in advance the problems that India would face after independence. .The captilalistic and Communilism was the base behind world war.Neta jee just senced the opportunity . He did make a solid organisations and cannot Quesrtion his integreaty .. The wars and the people connected with war allways have the chances getting involved in conspiracy spyong and life threat over them .. when Indian leasdersip did not have Control over rule on their their territory how can the leadership think other than attaining. Independence . whatever may have been the result of world war .The British Empire lost considerably in every field may be economically or their own country was facing actute financial problems given by Hitler forces .As An Indian I am allways proud of Neta jee Subhash But Nothing is far better than Non-violence. Even at times of war or peace. You have to respect peace the first and last resort after or before violence .So I will allways perfer Mahtama Ganghijee over all . Jai Mahakal Mahakaali JeevanDayani MaBharati.

Jewish people are vulnerable ethnic minorities who look different and have been historically excluded and marginalized for this very reason. That is, we are “people of colour.”Italians and East Europeans are European ethnic groups. Italy is in Southern Europe. Ukraine, Romania, Georgia, etc. are in Eastern Europe. Of course, some Italians and Russians are Jews. They were discriminated against regularly, subject to pogroms, and in the case of Italian Jews - the entire community destroyed in the Holocaust. Primo Levi wrote about this, and other matters relating to the Italian Jewish experience. Italian Jews and Russian Jews are POC. But, Italians and Russians generally are white Europeans.ORIGINSNow the term “coloured” originated as a way to respectfully refer to African-Americans. In the 19th century, imagine you were a white baker working with a black cook, or a white abolitionist working with a black abolitionist. Would you want to use slurs and other offensive language to refer to your colleague? No, of course not. That would be counterproductive. The African-American community - i.e., mostly West and Central Africans, in the U.S. diaspora - debated which terms they preferred.Additionally, enslaved labourers in the American South (and presumably North) co-opted some of the abusive language employed to oppress them; a phenomena which stretches into the modern era, with, for instance, rap music. Eugene Genovese discusses this phenomenon in his groundbreaking historical work “Roll, Jordan, Roll.”Some free blacks and freepeople preferred the term “coloured”, others preferred other language. Later the choices expanded to include “Ethiopian”, “black”, “African American” to give a sampling during the era of the Harlem Renaissance - 1920s-30s. The ancient Greeks confusingly used “Ethiopian” to refer to all black people - this habit apparently persisted, with the Brits naming a black loyalist regiment the Ethiopian Royalist Regiment. This may be why the African American community considered, but rejected “Ethiopian” as the word of preference.This usage is in Shakespeare as well: Romeo describes Juliet as an iridescent earring set against an “Ethiop’s ear” (R and J).) Apparently to Romeo, Juliet looks like a pearl worn by a black woman. Which makes one wonder if Shakespeare is implying she is either very dark (glowingly dark) or very pale (glowingly pale).The transition to the common use of the term “African-American” occurred gradually, and not without resistance and debate. Here is an excerpt from a 1989 article on the subject in The New York Times. There were many choices, and hardly consensus.Mr. Wilkins's feelings are not shared by all. Skeptics, many of them older blacks who have lived through previous name changes, are resisting the move. Some say they do not identify with Africa and resent prominent blacks telling them what to be called. Others fear that the debate over a new name draws attention away from problems like unemployment and drug abuse.'African-American' Favored By Many of America's BlacksThe question of a name has caused pain and controversy since the first Africans were captured and shipped to the Americas in the 17th century. The slaves called themselves Africans at first, but slave masters gave them English names and called them Negroes, the Portuguese word for black, historians say. That term was resented by some blacks who said it was degrading when whites mispronounced it, accidentally or intentionally.The term African-American has had several incarnations in previous years, with ''Afro-American'' having spurts of popularity since the late 19th century and particularly in the 1960's. But supporters of the current movement find fault with that usage. ''We came from Africa,'' said Dr. Olive Taylor, a professor of history at Howard University. ''We didn't come from 'Afro.' ''Arthur Ashe decided to use the term in his new book, ''A Hard Road to Glory: A History of the African-American Athlete,'' published late last year by Amistad-Warner. ''It was given a great deal of thought; it was definitely not going to be 'black,' '' the tennis player said. '' 'African-American' is much more appropriate and correct than 'Afro-American' or 'black' or any other alternative. And I didn't want to leave the wrong impression with something so permanent as a book.''….But not for everyone. ''When did they take a vote on what blacks wanted to be called?'' C. Hutherson, a black Chicagoan, asked in a letter to The Chicago Sun-Times. ''They must have done it while I was asleep. Jesse Jackson and other black leaders have a lot of nerve speaking for all blacks.'' 'I Want to Stay Black'In a recent discussion in Eva Brown's sophomore history class at Chicago's Kenmore Academy, several students were suspicious of the term. ''I want to stay black,'' said Madonna Cliff, who is 16 years old.Nor should blacks see changing a name as a panacea, many say. ''This doesn't mean that everything will be wonderful and all the poor people will get taken care of,'' said Mary Frances Berry, a professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania who is a member of United States Civil Rights Commission.'African-American' Favored By Many of America's BlacksThe article also raises other questions. How do people such as a news reporter mentioned in the story with a “dark complexion and Hispanic surname” decide to identify in this new context? The article notes she and her professional community of colleagues and coworkers settled on “African-Latino.” This whole business of names and language is actually much more complicated than it initially seems.Being that my lineage is Afro-Latina and African American and Irish, I tend to use the terms “black” or “brown” when referring to myself. When I use the term “women of color” I tend to do so with the idea of honoring women of primarily African dissent but it is a term that can include women of all black, brown and olive or other skin tones and diverse heritages and backgrounds.PilarDoes it make a difference if you’re called black, African-American, melanated or any other term?Black. African-American feels like I’m being singled out as an immigrant. White Americans don’t get their countries of origin tagged to them with their nationaliy, so I refuse. People are afraid of black, black offends them. Deal with me being accepted as a black and strong as I stand in front of you.Allen CollinsI prefer to be called black. I do not and cannot identify with my African heritage because I am (sadly) so far removed. If I had one eye, I’d be called a Cyclops. When they see me, the first thing they notice is my skin color. Call me what you see so I can know how you identify me.Jelani3 years agoI like being called Black or African American. Either one can be used offensively depending on who says it & how they say it. It would be great if we could all be thought of as equals but we are not quite there yet. We need to accept who we are & not allow anyone to disrespect us or treat us unfairly. I think it is sad when Black people are ashamed of being Black. Everyone should be proud of who they are & be the best person they can be.Tracy Carr3 years agoThe comments are almost uniformly intended to signal the writers’ virtue. The fact of the matter is that there are different races and it’s futile to ignore them. Adverse discrimination must be condemned, but there’s nothing wrong with recognizing reality. How many times do people struggle pathetically to make themselves understood? “Who won the contest?” “That guy. You know … the one who often wears brown shoes? You know …. the one who was at that party last week. Ummm … the guy who [yadda yadda]….” “You mean the black guy?” “Right.”Rosalind Gig3 years agoI heard someone once tell their children that if you have to provide a description of someone, don’t use their race type as a characteristic. It’s a beautiful lesson for everyone. It makes you go way beyond the surface and links experiences to character.Call me by my name CurtCurtSo that’s the origin of the term POC. African Americans wanted a respectful language through which to voice their identity or identities. Eventually, the term POC shifted to “African American” or “black” or “black American”, etc.Now for the original question. Italians are a European ethnic group. This applies to Southern Italians and Northern Italians. It’s true that Southern Italians face some bigotry in Italy and that Italians in America were lynched - this is how we got Columbus Day. The Italian government and Italian Americans lobbied for it. East Europeans, Irish, Greeks are also European ethnic groups. BTW, Scandinavians started the Russian empire - and in Ukraine, not Russia. (So Ukrainians basically created Russian culture. Sorry Putin. The facts are the facts.) Irish and Italians, despite their European-ness, faced racism in the U.S. Irish were also oppressed brutally by the British Empire, a factor that connected with the brands of racism that come out of American history. Many of the tropes surrounding Irish - such as that they were “savages” who needed to be controlled and coerced from afar - applied to Americans, and to African Americans, specifically, from the perspective of the Empire. In the South, and to a lesser extent the North, slavers and professional kidnappers, called slave traders, applied the same language to African Americans. The British racial stereotypes about Irish were transplanted to North America, modified, and transformed into a new set of fresh racist rhetoric - centring on the supposed weaknesses of Africans and African Americans. This is part of the system that inspired chattel slavery and the legacy of the transatlantic slave trade. As well as the horrors of the Middle Passage.CUT to….But Irish people were none too happy about their situation as a small colonial outpost of the Empire. Many immigrated to America, serving in both the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. The Irish potato famine devastated the small European nation. The Navajo nation, an indigenous North American nation, helped them. Irish Americans are raising funds to help Navajo communities with the pandemic right now as a gesture of thank-you. America introduced participatory democracy, and gross Fourth of July snack food, to the Irish immigrants. And - as ideas of self-rule so often do, much to the dismay of empires - eventually these ideas caught on in Ireland. This is a long story and beyond the scope of this essay. Eventually, however, the Irish rebelled in what is known as “The Easter Rising.” The British repressed the rebellion with ruthless methods, which swayed public opinion in favour of the rebels, which, eventually, resulted in an Independent Ireland.Back to the U.S.: Irish and Italians initially viewed each other as fierce rivals and even, often, enemies. They competed for jobs and housing. Both were looked at as foreigners, despite their European ethnicity. Italians sometimes had to sit behind a barrier at Catholic services; Italians also indulged in their own share of racism and xenophobia regarding the Irish. Despite the fact that most shared Catholic faith, which marked them as “other” in the eyes of upper-class American society, they struggled to get along. Eventually, they intermarried and these old rivalries disappeared. The popular Hollywood movie “Brooklyn” starring Saoirse Ronan depicts this dynamic. Although subject to a degree of racism - perhaps “ethnic bias” fits better - in North America, most Italians and Irish assimilated into the mainstream of white European society quickly. Irish immigrants did not even need to learn a new language. Both groups are European ethnicities, so white supremacists had little interest in targeting them. Most nativist sentiment stemmed from just the fact that they were immigrants, and/or the Catholicism they brought.Similarities/Differences between the Irish-American and Italian-American Experiences, and POCIrish indentured servants often laboured alongside African American enslaved labourers, and, since their contracts could be arbitrarily extended, were in many ways in a similar situation as an enslaved labourer. But white slavery ended extremely quickly, especially after the Revolution - after which any kind of slavery in the North became increasingly uncommon. Irish and Italians faced problems assimilating, but not because of ethnic differences - more due to national and cultural ones. And, while the lynchings of Italian Americans were hate crimes and very extreme, they eventually stopped. These lynchings represented relatively isolated incidents in contrast to the more regular domestic terror visited on say, blacks or Jews by the Klan (burning synagogues, burning crosses, lynchings, shootings, mass shootings, etc.). It isn’t that there was no racism experienced by Irish or Italians, but not in the same way as groups not ethnically European. Of course Italian Jews and Irish Jews also face antisemitism and anti-Jewish racism, but that is a separate issue.Italians were never forced into servitude in the US as Irishmen and -women were. Eventually, like the Irish, they too assimilated as the two communities intermarried and forgot old rivalries. And thus moved closer to the centre of European and Euro-American culture. For more on this, read “Irish and Italians: a Love/Hate Story” by Paul Moses.FURTHER EXPLANATIONItalians, Irish and Eastern Europeans are not referred to as “people of colour” because they usually do not face systemic discrimination on account of ethnic background. Even when they do, it is not in the extreme form of domestic terror attacks on fellow-citizens, e.g., the domestic terror attack on an Episcopalian church in Charleston or the domestic terror attack on the Philadelphia Jewish agency HIA. And because of this, the term “people of colour” is generally not used with regard to Italians or Irish or Eastern Europeans. I’m assuming OP means ethnic Europeans, not say, Italian Jews, or black Irishmen and -women, or Irish Jews. People whose ethnic roots are in Europe.Italians and Irish did face considerable racial discrimination but it eventually mostly subsided. In the case of the Irish this is partly due to transplanted British colonial dynamics of power and ways of understanding the concept of “race”. For Italians it has to do with their Catholicism, and just the fact that lots of working-class people were suddenly coming to the US speaking with previously unheard-of accents. But now the cultural anxieties linked to Irish and Italian immigration have undergone a shift. Instead of targeting and demonizing Irish and Italian immigration, reactionary conservatives want to punish Mexicans, Syrians, Yazidis, and Middle Eastern Christians, as well as other groups - often from Central and Latin America. Of course, the barbaric rhetoric of the Trump administration frightens all immigrant groups - I can testify that my Georgian stepmother and Ukrainian friend are none too happy about his bizarre and criminal policies. But the racism employed by his supporters is generally directed at other groups. Groups that get white supremacists riled up. Arab Christians facing brutal persecution, Mexicans struggling to escape gang warfare, Syrians coping with a horrific civil war….this is who his rhetoric targets. (So a lesson for American Catholics: Study American history and know your own history before voting for Trump!)Jews are referred to as “persons of colour” becauseWe are often of olive or brown skinWe look identifiably “different.” If you grew up in a large metropolitan area with a large Jewish community, such as NYC, my hometown, you notice that Jews look different from say, the average fellow-citizen. Or the average white person. Of course, some Jews could pass for Europeans and vice versa; but if you live in a large metropolis with a large Jewish population, it becomes clear how to identify a Jewish person at sight. Jews have certain facial features, hair textures, and an overall look as well as identifying cultural signifiers (yarmulke hats; teischel; star of David; hamsa; and more). Once a close friend was bullied for looking too stereotypically Jewish - she has the classic features and dark curly hair. She later moved to Israel, where she could revel in her Jewish identity openly and show Jewish pride with no fear.We are ethnic minorities in America and not white. And we are targeted and oppressed by white supremacists. In fact hate crimes against Jews are most common. Five people stabbed during a Hanukkah celebration in Monsey, New York. Four killed in a shooting at a Jersey City grocery store. A Brooklyn woman hit in the head as she walked with her child.The rash of anti-Semitic attacks gripping the New York-New Jersey area may feel like chilling coincidences, but statistics show they’re part of a wave of anti-Semitic violence that has risen across the country over the past half-decade.In 2014, 609 anti-Jewish hate crime incidents were reported to the FBI. By 2018, the most recent year for which statistics are publicly available, that number had increased nearly 40 percent, to 835 incidents.Anti-Semitic hate crimes hit a seven-year high in 2017, fueled in part by an Israeli American man who called in waves of bomb threats against Jewish community centers across the country. It’s not just New York: Anti-Jewish attacks are part of a wave of 'more violent' hate crimesSo it makes sense to apply the language “POC” to Jews. While the term is not really appropriate for white Americans. They might face discrimination, but not in the same structural and institutional level. The U.S. likes to pretend we have no issues with antisemitism and anti-Jewish racism. So does Canada. That this is a solely Europe based phenomena. Yes, antisemitism is in Europe; but as to how this excuses American antisemitism, whether on left or right, there’s no adequate answer to that. U.S. and Canada aren’t necessarily better - or not by as much as we would like to think, sadly. “POC” really evolved as a way of speaking respectfully about African Americans, but it caught on and spread to include Chinese Americans, Latinx Americans, Native Americans, Jewish Americans, Arab Americans, Japanese Americans…I hope this is becoming clear.The left and especially hard left likes to ignore and sugarcoat antisemitism, usually by gaslighting racial abuse or violence survivors. But that doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist. We are Asian Americans (West Asian). We face a ton of racial, religious, cultural, and just plain crazy hate. And it is sadly only growing. Still. This is not - now - the Irish and Italian experience in the US.My father’s answer to:Why was the US so eager to allow a lot of Catholics to move to the US given the widespread anti-Catholic sentiment in the US?It wasn’t eager to allow Catholics to enter. It was just that the US needed people to populate a vast country and staff a growing industrial base and Catholics at that time tended to be poorer and more desperate than Protestants and more willing to work in coal mines and make risky bets on agriculture in forbidding places. Even so, Catholics faced a lot of discrimination and the open door policy only lasted until 1924 when most Catholics were more or less banned by immigration policies. So, they escaped the fate of the Chinese, who were more deeply discriminated against and had the door closed nearly shut in 1881. For Catholics the quasi-tolerance lasted a few more decades. All in all it is a good lesson for American Catholics and Asian Americans: understand your history before voting for Donald Trump!Here abuse survivor, activist, and political leader speaks about the gaslighting and racial abuse she faced. Scene is in Britain, but these problems are common to US and Canada.Hope that helps explain some of the facts on the ground. If you want to learn more about these issues, I recommend reading a book or two or three on antisemitism and historical anti-Jewish racism in North America. And then pick up many, many more.