East Bay Township Parks Commission Special Meeting East: Fill & Download for Free

Andhra Pradesh (ISO 15919: Āndhra Pradēśa)Basic StatsAndhra is India’s 7th largest state by area and 10th largest by population.HDI —The state ranks 27th for HDI rankings among all states and UTs, at 0.643 (medium HDI)Crime stats —The state ranks at 15th among all states and UTs in terms of rank based on crime rate. Its rank based on % share of incidences is 13th. [NCRB report 2016][1]In terms of crime against women, the state’s rank has been 9th according to crime rate, while its rank based on % share is 8th. [NCRB report 2016]It recorded the 13th highest suicide rate in India at 12.1 suicides per 1 lakh people [NCRB Report 2015][2]It unfortunately ranks at 9th in terms of crime rate and 7th in terms of % share of number incidences of human trafficking among states and UTs for which data was available — at 239 cases reported in the year 2016 against 404 of next higher state Karnataka and 3579 of the 1st ranking West Bengal. [NCRB Report on Human Trafficking 2016][3]Health —It recorded the 6th highest number of institutional deliveries among all states and UTs with ~90% children delivered in hospitals in 2015–16. [National Family Health Survey of 2015-16][4]It ranks at 13th among all states with regards to vaccination coverage. [National Family Health Survey 2015–16]Economy —It is India’s 7th largest economy in terms of GSDP and 15th largest in terms of GDP per capita.[5]It recorded 4th lowest unemployment (tied with Madhya Pradesh) among all states and UTs with ~4.5% population unemployed as of 2017–18. [Labour Force Survey 2017–18][6]It ranked at 1st among the states and UTs for ease of doing business in 2018, improving on its previous rank of 2nd in 2015.[7][8][9]It was the 4th most visited state for domestic tourists in the country as of 2017.[10][11]NatureNatural Wonders:Pulicat Lake[12]Pulicat is India’s 2nd largest brackish water lagoon in India (after Chilika in Odisha). Its major part comes under Nellore district of Andhra. The lagoon was cut across in the middle by the Sriharikota Link Road, which divided the water body into lake and marshy land.The lake is the site of Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary[13] that comprises Nellore district of Andhra and Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu.Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) is located on Sriharikota island — a barrier island that separates the lake from Bay of BengalAlarmingly, Pulicat Lake may disappear within 100 years by being filled up with silt.[14]Kolleru Lake[15]Kolleru Lake is a Ramsar designated wetland of international importance — this is to allow the indigenous Vaddi community to continue their livelihood in their traditional ways that preserves and protects the ecosystem. It is the location of Kolleru Bird Sanctuary, established in 1999 to protect the lake.Even so, thousands of fish tanks were dug up, effectively converting the lake into a mere drain. This had great impact in terms of pollution, leading to difficulty in getting drinking water for local people. This is in addition to loss of ecological diversity and intrusion of sea water into the land masses and its fallout in terms of adverse influence on the rainfall pattern in this region. This imbalance has an adverse effect on the thousands of acres of crop in the upper reaches of sanctuary in view of stoppages water flow into the sea because of obstruction by bunds of the fish tanks that appeared illegally. About half of the lake has now disappeared.Protected Areas:→ Logo of Andhra Forest Department [Source: File:Andhra Pradesh Forest Department logo.png - Wikipedia]E-publications by Andhra Pradesh government can be accessed from here: A.P. Forest DepartmentIndira Gandhi Zoological Park in Vishakhapatnam[16]Opened in May 1977, Indira Gandhi Zoological Park is India’s 3rd largest zoo, comprising ~625 acres of area. The zoo conducts various educational awareness activities & programmes for children and students.Sri Ventakeswara Zoological Park in Tirupati[17]Established in 29th September 1987, it is India’s, as well as Asia’s largest zoo, at 5532 acres of area.[18] The zoo was the home of Balaji, the heaviest ever leopard recorded in captivity — at ~140kg compared to the average 70kg for leopards.→ Male Indian peafowl in SV Zoo [Source: File:Indian peafowl SVZoopark Tirupathi.JPG - Wikipedia]Education and Literacy{See: Education in Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}Higher Education:{See: List of institutions of higher education in Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}→ Map of Universities of Andhra [Source: File:Universities Map of Andhra Pradesh.png - Wikipedia]There are 18 state universities in the districts providing higher education in horticulture, law, medical, technology, Vedic and veterinary.[19] The oldest university is Andhra University[20] (ISO 15919: Āndhra Vișvakalāpariṣhat) established in 1926 in Vishakhapatnam.→ Emblem of Andhra University [Source: File:Andhra University logo.png - Wikipedia]Institutes of higher education in Andhra include —IIT Tirupati[21] (currently functioning in a temporary campus Krishna Theja Educational Institutions in Chadalawada Nagar)IIM Visakhapatnam[22] (currently functioning in a temporary campus in Andhra University)AIIMS Mangalagiri[23] in Guntur district (part of Phase IV AIIMS)Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Kurnool[24] - established in 2015National Institute of Design, Vijayawada[25] - established in 2015National Institute of Technology, Tadepalligudem, West Godavari district[26]Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam[27]Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City[28][29] in Chittoor districtIndian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati[30]Research:Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota[31] —SDSC is a rocket launch centre operated by ISRO in Sriharikota island in Pulicat Lake. Established in 1971, it was renamed after Dr. Satish Dhawan, ISRO’s 2nd chairman, in 2002. It is India's primary orbital launch site.The 1st successful satellite launch from this centre took place in 1971 — flight-test of a 'Rohini-125'.School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada (SPA Vijayawada)[32] —SPA Vijayawada was established in 2008 by MHRD. It forms a part of the league along with the other two SPAs: SPA Bhopal and SPA Delhi.Government of Andhra Pradesh is in the process of allotting nearly 60 acres of land, spread over two locations in and around Vijayawada, for the development of the school. Of this, the first 7.2 acres was handed over on 22 February 2010. In January 2012, design for the new campus was adopted as part of an all-India competition and it is proposed to be developed as an eco-friendly campus with state-of-the-art facilities.National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)[33][34] in Gadanki —NARL is an autonomous research laboratory fully funded by Department of Space. It is involved in carrying out fundamental and applied research in Atmospheric and Space Sciences.NARL is one of the prime centers for atmospheric research in the country and operates MST radar, Rayleigh/Mie Lidar, Boundary Layer Lidar, Sodium Lidar, Lower Atmospheric Wind Profiler, Sodar, Disdrometer, Optical Rain Gauge, Dual frequency GPS receiver, Automatic Weather Station apart from regular launching of GPS balloon sonde.Museums:→ Archaeological Museums map of Andhra Pradesh [Source: File:Archaeological Museums map of Andhra Pradesh.png - Wikipedia]Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation Museum[35]—This museum houses archaeological artifacts and treasures of Kalingandhra[36] region (Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts). Collections available for viewing in the museum include ancient armory, crockery, coins, silk costumes, jewelry, stuffed animals, portraits, manuscripts, letters, diaries, scrapbooks, periodicals, and maps — these were used by the early settlers in the region. Many models of warships, planes and submarines can also be found here.INS Kursura[37] —INS Kursura was a Kalvari-class submarine of Indian Navy — India’s 5th submarine. After decommissioning in 2001, it was converted into South Asia’s 1st submarine museum after being towed to Ramakrishna Beach, Visakhapatnam, and inaugurated in 2002 — this conversion is credited to Admiral V Pasricha.Source: File:INS Kursura (S20).jpg - WikipediaTU 142 Aircraft Museum in Visakhapatnam[38]—This museum preserved a Tu-142 aircraft that served Indian Navy for 29 years. It was opened in 2017.→ Tu-142 exhibit at the museum [Source: File:TU-142 Aircraft Model.jpg - Wikipedia]Economy{See: Economy of Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}Agriculture:Agriculture is the primary contributor to Andhra’s economy. 60 percent of the population is engaged in agriculture and related activities.Rice is the major food crop and staple food of the state. It is an exporter of many agricultural products and is also known as "Rice Bowl of India".[39] Farmers also grow jowar, bajra, maize, minor millet, coarse grain, many varieties of pulses, oil seeds, sugarcane, cotton, chili pepper, mango nuts and tobacco. Crops used for vegetable oil production such as sunflower and peanuts are popular.The state has 3 Agricultural Economic Zones — Chittoor district for mango pulp and vegetables, Krishna district for mangoes, Guntur district for chillies.The state is also the largest producer of eggs in the country and hence, it is nicknamed as "Egg Bowl of Asia".[40]The location of Andhra allows both marine and inland fishing — it contributes to 0% of total fish and over 70% of the shrimp production of India.[41]→ Map of Sugar industries in Andhra Pradesh [Source: File:Map of Sugar industries in Andhra Pradesh.png - Wikipedia]Industrial sector:The industrial sector of the state includes some of the key sectors like pharmaceutical, automobile, textiles etc.The state is emerging as destination for the automobile industry which already hosts companies including Ashok Leyland in Krishna district, Hero Motors in Chittoor district, Kia Motors in Anantapur district.The state is emerging in information technology and biotechnology. The IT/ITES revenues of Visakhapatnam was at ₹14.45 billion (US$210 million) in 2012–2013.Satyavedu Reserve Infracity Pvt. Ltd (Sri City)[42] —It is an integrated business city (township) located on NH-16. Much of its are is in Chittoor district, and a smaller area lies in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu. Being at proximity of 55km north of Chennai, the facility has a seamless connectivity to road, air and sea ports within 100km radius. Sri City SEZ is characterized by its strong industrial base, productive workforce, and excellent industrial relations. It encompasses a multiproduct Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and a Free Trade and Warehousing Zone (FTWZ).PepsiCo India’s largest plant is located here.[43] Other enterprises having established their manufacturing plants in Sri City include Isuzu Motors, Cadbury India, Kellogg's, Colgate-Palmolive, Kobelco etc.→ Isuzu manufacturing plant in Sri City [Source: File:Isuzu manufacturing plant India.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Sri City Business Centre [Source: File:Sricity Business Centre.jpg - Wikipedia]Resources:Mining —The state is one of the store houses of mineral resources with large deposits of Chrysotile, mica Asbestos, barytes and limestone India.Andhra Pradesh has varied geological formations with a rich variety of industrial minerals and building stones.Other important minerals in the state are copper ore, manganese, mica, coal and limestone, coal, oil and natural gas, barytes, limestone, diamond, gold, beach sand, bauxite, ball clay, fire clay, dolomite, dimensional stones etc.It has about 1/3rd of India's limestone reserves.It accounts for about 93% of total production of Barytes in India.Tummalapalle uranium mine[44] —Results from research conducted by Atomic Energy Commission of India in 2011 made the analysts conclude that this mine might have one of the largest reserves of uranium in the world.[45] Earlier, uranium reserves were found only up to a depth of about 250m; the latest findings reportedly indicate that the reserves run as deep as 1km.This finding substantially increased India’s capability of producing energy from nuclear plants. As of 2018, India was producing about 3.13% of its energy from nuclear plants. These findings suggest that this output can be increased to more than 30% by 2050; essential if India hopes to reduce its emissions, pollution and use of coal power. This domestic uranium find would not only boost India's nuclear energy plans but also help reduce costs by switching from expensive sources of power like coal.Power sector{See: Power sector of Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}Andhra is a power surplus state, exporting power to neighboring states.Hydro-electricity:Nagarjuna Sagar Dam[46] —Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is a large masonry dam constructed over Krishna river. The dam is 180m tall and 1.6km long. Nagarjuna Sagar dam is designed and constructed to use all the water impounded in its reservoir of 312 TMC gross storage capacity which is the 2nd biggest water reservoir in India.[47]The artificial lift irrigation based diversion of the river from its natural delta area into Nalgonda district caused erosion of fluorine rich volcanic rocks in Nalgonda and contaminated its groundwater supply. It also caused uncertain flows of water into Krishna river delta area and shrinkage of Kolleru Lake. The use of erosion resistant canals interfered with the natural silting process of a river to the deltas and created long-term ecological issues to the health of the delta lands. Reduced flows into the sea resulted in land salinization and sea encroachment of coastal lands in Diviseema. The diversion of Krishna water for 200km to Hyderabad resulted in massive evaporation losses especially in summer and reduced the size of the river.Srisailam Dam[48] —Srisailam Dam is constructed on Krishna river near Srisailam town. It is India’s 2nd largest capacity hydroelectric station. It is 512m long, 145m maximum height and has 12 radial crest gates. It has a reservoir of 616 square km.Solar Power:Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park[49] —At 5,932.32 acres (24.0072 [math]km^2[/math]), it is India’s 2nd largest, and the world’s 9th largest solar power plant, and has a capacity of 1000 MW.[50] It is located in Panyam mandal of Kurnool district.The project was implemented by Andhra Pradesh Solar Power Corporation Private Limited (APSPCL), a joint venture of Solar Energy Corporation of India, Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation and New & Renewable Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Ltd.The park utilizes >4 million solar panels with capacities of 315W and 320W. The panels are connected to four 220/33 kV pooling stations of 250 MW each and a 400/220kV grid substation through nearly 2,000 circuit km of cables. During a sunny day, it is able to generate more than 8 million kWh of electricity, which is sufficient to meet virtually the entire electricity demand in Kurnool district.Wind Power:Andhra Pradesh has ~4000 MW installed wind capacity, and houses Beluguppa Wind Park in Beluguppa, Anantapur Wind Park in Nimbagallu andPutlur RCI in Putlur — India’s 8th, 10th and 23rd largest wind power plants.Nuclear Power:Andhra does not have any functional nuclear power plant. A 6600 MW plant at Kodavva[51] has been proposed.TransportRailways:The rail density of the state is 16.59/1,000 km, compared to all India average of 20.Visakhapatnam railway station[52]In 2017, as part of Swachh Rail campaign, Quality Council of India declared Visakhapatnam as the cleanest railway station in the country.[53]Roadways:Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation[54] is the state owned road transport corporation. Its headquarters is located at NTR Administrative Block of RTC House in Pandit Nehru Bus Station, Vijayawada.It introduced many innovations in Indian road transport scenario:First to introduce long distance night express servicesFirst to introduce depot computerisation - 1986. All 126 depots in the state are computerizedFirst to appoint a Safety Commissioner for improving the safety of passengersReservation of tickets on telephone and door delivery of ticketsAPSRTC entered Guinness Book of World Records in 1999 - with 22,000 buses it has the largest bus fleet in the world.Pandit Nehru Bus Station (PNBS)[55] —The station provides amenities such as miniplex, ticket-vending and kiosks for passengers, and has a city bus port for local passengers.→ Deccan Queen bus owned by Nizam State Railways - Road Transport Division at Vijayawada bus station [Source: File:Vintage Bus.jpg - Wikipedia]Airways:{See: List of airports in Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}→ Map of airports and airstrips of Andhra Pradesh [Source: File:Map of Airports and airstrips of Andhra Pradesh.png - Wikipedia]Visakhapatnam Airport [56]—The only international airport of Andhra, it is the 21st busiest airport in India.[57] It also houses an Indian Navy helipad - INS Dega[58].In 1981, the airport commenced civilian operations with one flight per day.Waterways:{See: List of ports and harbours of Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}→ Seaports Map of Andhra Pradesh [Source: File:Seaports Map of Andhra Pradesh.png - Wikipedia]Andhra has 1 major and 5 minor ports under operation, with 6 more under construction under PPP scheme.It is the 2nd maritime state (after Gujarat) in terms of cargo handled by Non-Major Ports and the 3rd maritime state (after Gujarat and Maharashtra) in terms of overall cargo handled including Visakhapatnam port trust.Visakhapatnam Port[59] —Visakhapatnam Port, the only major port of Andhra, has 3 harbours - the outer harbour, inner harbour and the fishing harbour. The inauguration of Gangavaram Port, located 15 km away, has led to a significant diversion of traffic away from Visakhapatnam Port. This loss of cargo traffic is an important reason for the port's fall from its position as the largest port in India.It is modernising its coal handling berth in the outer harbour to enable it to handle capesize vessels. This will also solve the problem of air pollution caused by the open handling of coal that had earlier led to citywide protests.Gangavaram Port[60]—Gangavaram Port is India’s deepest port, with a depth of 21m. [61] A major client of the port is Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited that runs Vizag Steel Plant, and earlier used Vishakhapatnam Port.Tourism and Pilgrimage{See: Tourism in Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia}Andhra Pradesh has many spectacular tourist and pilgrimage sites.Historical Sites:→ File:Buddhist sites Map of Andhra Pradesh.png - WikipediaBuddhist Relic Sites —→ Holy Buddhist relic sites map of Andhra Pradesh [Source: File:Holy relic sites map of Andhra Pradesh.jpg - Wikipedia]Salihundam[62] — Buddhist site in the eponymous village on south bank of Vamsadhara river. Four stupas, relic caskets, and architectural shrines were discovered during digging performed by state authorities, as well as sculptures of Buddhist deities Mareechi and Tara.Ramatheertham[63] — Buddhist remnant site in Nellore district. Black and red Polished ware, terracotta and brick remnant's were recovered from the site.Pavurallakonda a.k.a. Pavurallabodu[64] — Ruined hill-top Buddhist monastic complex probably inhabited from 3rd century BCE-2nd century CE. It is one of the largest Buddhist monasteries of North Coastal Andhra Region.Bavikonda (Hill of wells) Buddhist Complex[65] — Lying ~16km from Visakhapatnam, a Buddhist monastery site on a hill-top. Bavikonda Monastery dates back to 3rd century BCE.Shankaram, Visakhapatnam district — Shankaram village has 2 Buddhist rock-cut caves - Bojjannakonda & Lingalakonda[66]. The sites are believed to date between 4th and 9th Century CE.Kotturu Dhanadibbalu & Pandavula Guha in Kotturu village, Visakhapatnam district[67] — A site of a large stupa, monastery and rock-cut cave used by Buddhist monks - dating to 1st-2nd century CE.Kodavali[68] — A site having votive stupas, a large stupa, monastery and pillared hall.Guntupalli Group of Buddhist Monuments[69] — Located near Kamavarapukota, West Godavari district, consisting of both rock-cut and structural sites. One of the caves has a Caētya arch (facade) entrance - similar to that of Lomas Rishi cave, Bihar.Gudiwada Dibba, Vizianagaram[70] — A hillock in Gudivada village having an ancient Buddhist heritage site possibly of 2nd Century BCE.Ghantasala, Krishna district[71] — It features a Buddhist stupa ~34m wide and ~7m tall — a cube of solid bricks is set in its centre, inscribed with 12 constellations of the zodiac. Ghantasala was once a flourishing town of Indo-Roman trade as well as an important religious centre.Bhattiprolu , Guntur district[72] — A village having central protected Buddhist stupa called Vikramarka kota dibba built ~3rd-2nd century BCE. {See: Bhattiprolu script - Wikipedia}Vaddamanu[73] — Theravada site close to Amaravati. The oldest remains date to the 2nd century BCE. Punch mark coins from the 1st century CE were also found.Gummadidurru in Krishna district[74][75] — Much of the site has been removed by local people for building materials; the lower portions of the main stupa were below the current day ground level and have yielded many sculpted stone slabs showing scenes from the life of Buddha and Jatakas. The site shows evidence of long occupation, from 2nd century CE to 7th century CE.Amaravathi village in Guntur district— Amaravati Stupa[76] is a ruined Buddhist monument, built in phases between 3rd century BCE-250 CE. The site includes Amaravati archaeological museum as well.Jaggayyapeta[77] — It is believed to house one of Andhra’s oldest stupas - dating back to 2nd century BCE. Much of the site was damaged by removal of material for buildings.Nagarjunakonda[78] — It is one of India's richest Buddhist sites, and now lies almost entirely under the Nagarjunasagar Dam. It is named after Nagarjuna, a southern Indian master of Mahayana Buddhism who lived in 2nd century CE, and believed to be responsible for Buddhist activity in the area.→ Entrance to prayer hall of Guntupalli [Source: File:Entrance of Rock-cut temple.JPG - Wikipedia]→ Buddhist Maha Stupa at Bhattiprolu [Source: File:Maha Stupa at Bhattiprolu 01.jpg - Wikipedia]Cave Temples —Undavalli caves[79] —Undavalli caves are a collection of rock-cut Paōraṇika caves, and is one of the centrally protected monuments of national importance. These caves were carved out of solid sandstone on a hillside in 4th-5th centuries CE. There are several caves and the best known largest one has 4 stories with a huge recreated statue of Viṣṇu in a reclining posture.→ The largest of the Undavalli Caves [Source: File:Ananta Padmanabha Swami Temple.jpg - Wikipedia]Borra Guhalu[80]—Borra Guhalu — here Borra is Odia for hole, Guhalu is Telugu for caves — is a collection of agamic caves featuring stalagmites worshipped as Śiva Lingam. The caves are one of the deepest and largest in India.→ Worship of Stalagmite Lingam inside the Borra Caves [Source: File:Borra Caves Lingam.JPG - Wikipedia]→ A view of Gosthani (cow’s udder) river that originates at the site [Source: File:Gosthani River during rains near Borra Caves 01.jpg - Wikipedia]Akkana Madanna cave temple[81] in Vijayawada—The cave temple dates back to 6th-7th century CE and located at the foothill of Indrakeeladri.→ File:Akkanna Madanna caves Indrakeeladri Vijayawada03.jpg - WikipediaBelum Caves:[82]Belum caves is largest and longest cave system open to the public on Indian subcontinent. This cave system was formed over the course of tens of thousands of years by the constant flow of underground water. The cave system reaches its deepest point ((46m) from entrance level) at the point known as Patālagaṅgā.The caves were used to dump wastes from nearby places until 1988. Local people of nearby settlements, notably policemen and residents of Belum village co-operated with Government of Andhra Pradesh and developed the cave site as a tourist attraction. Finally, their ~20 year long efforts resulted in government declaring the entire area to be a protected.Archaeological survey of India (ASI) found remnants of vessels of the pre-Buddhism era and dated them to 4500 years BCE.→ Saint Bed inside Belum Caves [Source: File:Saint Bed.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Meditation Hall inside Belum Caves [Source: File:Belumcave1.jpg - Wikipedia]Category:Archaeological sites in Andhra Pradesh - WikipediaReligious Sites:Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala[83] in Tirupati, Chittoor district —It is a landmark Vaēṣṇava temple dedicated to Veṅkaṭēśvara constructed in Drāviḍa style architecture. The temple is visited by ~50,000 to 100,000 pilgrims daily (30 to 40 million people annually on average), while on special occasions and festivals, like the annual Brahmotsavam, the number of pilgrims shoots up to 500,000, making it the most-visited religious place in the world. The temple is one of the 8 Viṣṇu Svayambhu Kṣētras as well as one of 108 Divya Desam of Viṣṇu.→ Main gate of Venkateswara Temple with 5-storied gateway tower over it [Source: File:Tirumala Venkateswara temple entrance 09062015.JPG - Wikipedia]→ Ananda Nilayam (Abode of Happiness) — the gold plated canopy of sanctum tower of the temple [Source: File:Tirumala gopurams.JPG - Wikipedia]→ Svami Pushkarni — the temple pond [Source: File:SwamiPushkarni.JPG - Wikipedia]Sri Bhramaramba Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga[84] in Srisailam, Kurnool district —It is one of the 12 Jyōtirliṅga temples of Śiva and one of 52 Śakti Pīṭhas. It is also one of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams of Śiva.→ Gold plated sanctum tower of the temple [Source: File:Srisailam.jpg - Wikipedia]Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam[85] —The temple is located on Simhachalam (Lion Hill) and is one of the 32 Narasimha temples in Andhra. It resembles a fortress from outside with 3 outer courtyards and 5 gateways. The temple faces west.Viṣṇu is worshipped here as Varāha-Narasimha — a compound deity formed by 2 of his incarnations.→ Main tower of the Simhachalam temple [Source: File:Simhachalam Gopuram Night.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Canopy of Simhachalam temple’s sanctum tower [Source: File:Simhachalam Temple Vimana Gopuram View.JPG - Wikipedia]Srikalahasteeswara temple[86] in Srikalahasti, Chittoor district —Its is dedicated to Śiva in form of Śrīkālahastīśvara. It is one of Pancha Bhootha Sthalams (5 element places), having Vayu Lingam (Lingam with the element of air) — the only one in Andhra Pradesh.The temple is also regarded as Rahu-Ketu kshetra and Dakshina Kailasam. The inner temple was constructed around 5th century CE and the outer temple was constructed in 12th century CE by Chola kings and Karnata kingsSource: File:Sri Kala Hasti.jpg - WikipediaPancharama Kshetras[87]Pancharama Kshetras (5 Arama areas) consist of 5 Śiva temples, all located in Andhra.Amararama[88] in Amaravati, Guntur district — Śiva is worshipped here as AmarēśvaraDraksharama[89] in Draksharamam, East Godavari district — Śiva is worshipped here as BhīmēśvaraSomarama[90] in Bhimavaram, West Godavari district — Śiva is worshipped here as SōmēśvaraKsheerarama[91]in Palakollu, West Godavari district — Śiva is worshipped here as KṣhīrāramaliṅgēśvaraKumararama[92] in Samalakota, East Godavari district — Śiva is worshipped here as Bhīmēśvara. It is one of the centrally protected monuments in Andhra Pradesh.→ Amararama Temple gateway tower [Source: File:Main Structure of Amareswara Temple.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Draksharama Temple [Source: File:Draksharama temple, Draksharamam.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Somarama Temple gateway tower [Source: File:SomeswaraSwamy-5.JPG - Wikipedia]→ Ksheerarama Temple Complex as seen from the nain gateway tower [Source: File:CompleteTempleComplex.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Kumararama Bhimesvara Temple, Samalkota [Source: File:Kumararama Bhimesvara temple outside view,samalkota.jpg - WikipediaList of Hindu temples in Tirupati - WikipediaCategory:Religious buildings and structures in Andhra Pradesh by district - WikipediaCategory:Hindu temples in Andhra Pradesh by district - WikipediaCategory:Tourist attractions in Andhra Pradesh - WikipediaCategory:Tourist attractions in Visakhapatnam - WikipediaList of Monuments of National Importance in Andhra Pradesh - WikipediaCategory:Buildings and structures in Andhra Pradesh by district - WikipediaFurther ReadingSatyanarayana Sastry garu’s answers on Andhra PradeshVijaya Lakshmi Mam’s answers on VishakhapatnamFootnotes[1] http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/CII/CII2016/pdfs/Table%201A.1.pdf[2] http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/ADSI/ADSI2015/chapter-2%20suicides-v1.pdf[3] http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/CII/CII2016/pdfs/Table%2014.1.pdf[4] http://rchiips.org/NFHS/pdf/NFHS4/AP_FactSheet.pdf[5] http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_releases_statements/State_wise_SDP_01_08_2019_for_uploading.xls[6] http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-18_31052019.pdf[7] Ease of doing business: 18 states claim perfect score in reforms[8] EODB : India & States Ranking Map[9] Ease of doing business ranking of states of India - Wikipedia[10] http://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/Other/ITS_Glance_2018_Eng_Version_for_Mail.pdf[11] Tourism in India - Wikipedia[12] Pulicat Lake - Wikipedia[13] Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary - Wikipedia[14] http://www.nbaindia.org/docs/bulletin6-pulicatlake.pdf[15] Kolleru Lake - Wikipedia[16] Indira Gandhi Zoological Park - Wikipedia[17] Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park - Wikipedia[18] Asia’s biggest zoo beckons tourists[19] University[20] Andhra University - Wikipedia[21] Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati - Wikipedia[22] Indian Institute of Management Visakhapatnam - Wikipedia[23] All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri - Wikipedia[24] Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Kurnool - Wikipedia[25] National Institute of Design, Vijayawada - Wikipedia[26] National Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia[27] Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy - Wikipedia[28] Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City, Chittoor| Top B-tech college in Andhra Pradesh[29] Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City - Wikipedia[30] Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati - Wikipedia[31] Satish Dhawan Space Centre - Wikipedia[32] School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada - Wikipedia[33] National Atmospheric Research Laboratory - Wikipedia[34] National Atmospheric Research Laboratory[35] Visakha Museum - Wikipedia[36] Uttarandhra - Wikipedia[37] INS Kursura (S20) - Wikipedia[38] TU 142 Aircraft Museum - Wikipedia[39] Rice bowl of India worst hit[40] https://web.archive.org/web/20150403094839/http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/Socio%20Economic%20Survey%20Book%20let.pdf[41] AP top producer of shrimp: MPEDA[42] Sri City - Wikipedia[43] PepsiCo inaugurates new facility at Sri City[44] Tummalapalle uranium mine - Wikipedia[45] 'Massive' uranium find in India[46] Nagarjuna Sagar Dam - Wikipedia[47] http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf[48] Srisailam Dam - Wikipedia[49] Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park - Wikipedia[50] List of largest power stations - Wikipedia[51] Kovvada Atomic Power Project - Wikipedia[52] Visakhapatnam railway station - Wikipedia[53] Vizag billed the cleanest rail station[54] Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation - Wikipedia[55] Pandit Nehru bus station - Wikipedia[56] Visakhapatnam Airport - Wikipedia[57] List of the busiest airports in India - Wikipedia[58] INS Dega - Wikipedia[59] Visakhapatnam Port - Wikipedia[60] Gangavaram Port - Wikipedia[61] CM inaugurates Gangavaram Port[62] Salihundam - Wikipedia[63] Ramatheertam - Wikipedia[64] Pavurallakonda - Wikipedia[65] Bavikonda - Wikipedia[66] Bojjannakonda - Wikipedia[67] Kotturu Dhanadibbalu - Wikipedia[68] Kodavali - Buddhist Archaeological Site - Wikimapia[69] Guntupalli Group of Buddhist Monuments - Wikipedia[70] Gudiwada Dibba, Vizianagaram - Wikipedia[71] Ghantasala, Krishna district - Wikipedia[72] Bhattiprolu - Wikipedia[73] Mapping Buddhist Monasteries[74] GUMMADIDURRU BUDDHA STUPA,KRISHNA Dt,A.P[75] Mapping Buddhist Monasteries[76] Amaravati Stupa - Wikipedia[77] Jaggayyapeta and Andhra’s Great Stupa[78] Nagarjunakonda - Wikipedia[79] Undavalli Caves - Wikipedia[80] Borra Caves - Wikipedia[81] Akkana Madanna Caves - Wikipedia[82] Belum Caves - Wikipedia[83] Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala - Wikipedia[84] Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga - Wikipedia[85] Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam - Wikipedia[86] Srikalahasteeswara temple - Wikipedia[87] Pancharama Kshetras - Wikipedia[88] Amararama - Wikipedia[89] Draksharama - Wikipedia[90] Somarama - Wikipedia[91] Ksheerarama - Wikipedia[92] Kumararama - Wikipedia

Has the apartheid system been established by a democratic vote?No - The previous dispensation could not afford to allow a terrorist organisation, of which there were at least two then, (ANC and PAC), but the ANC has more splinter or sub-political parties today, to govern our country …That would be like allowing Boko Haram, Hamas, Al Qaeda, etc, to get to vote in other countries and obviously win Presidency through voting fraud and violence, which is what happened in South Africa.In a single nation country, or in a country where all nations are equal in size, where no political parties or communities are terrorists, it is very fair to adopt a democratic voting system.But in a multi-nation country like South Africa, where the majority political party is a terrorist organisation, (we have eleven languages and tribes of various ethnic, politicsl and religious persuasions), democracy is not viable, because the political parties representing minority communities have little to no chance against the masses who stoop to voting fraud each time there is an election.The IEC (“Independant” Electoral Commission) in South Africa is a sham, it is just for show. It is as corrupt as corrupt can ever get.Unfortunately for South Africa, the Communist terrorists formed political parties and using propaganda and violence against the previous dispensation, pressed the UN to force sanctions on us, if we did not agree to allow them to take part in national and local elections. Our weak Prime Minister buckled, and the ANC terrorist organisation became the new regime of South Africa ever since.Exposed history of anti-apartheid movement in Netherlands describes illegal activities of Dutch left-wing elite in arming civil war by ANC against the Zulus (non-Communist, non-terrorist blacks) and the (non-Communist, non-terrorist white) Afrikaners before 1994:https://www.censorbugbear.org/farmitracker/reports/view/3699Tainted "Hero's"Nelson Mandela … his legacy as seen through the eyes of those who actually had him for their President, not through the mythical rosy eyes of the duped world …Mandela’s legacy …South African Police Chief makes the most woke statement ...At his trial, Nelson Mandela had pleaded guilty to 156 acts of public violence including mobilising terrorist bombing campaigns, which planted bombs in public places, including the Johannesburg railway station.Many innocent people, including women and children, were killed by Nelson Mandela’s MK terrorists. Here are some highlights …A series of riots in 1976 led to the Bantu on Bantu murders of some 600, and the murder of resistance leader Stephen Biko (1946-1977) in 1977 led to increased tension.The 1960s and 1970s saw Nelson Mandela, Mkonto We Sizwe military wing leader and supporters of the SACP/ANC/PAC saw bombings, unrest, massive riots and necklacings, encouraged by ANC Winnie Mandela and British Communist entities like Ronnie Kasrils, against supporters of the peaceful Bantu Inkatha Freedom Party, led by Dr Mangosuthu Buthelezi, who were forced to retaliate in self-defense …January 19808 – The South African Defence Forcebegins withdrawal from southern Angola.16 – The South African Railways inaugurates the MetroBlitz interurban high speed train service between Pretoria and Johannesburg.[2][3][4]30 – Patrick McCall of the Stander gang is killed by police in a raid on the gang's hide-out in Houghton, Johannesburg.February3 – A bomb destroys the offices of the Ciskei consulate in Durban.23 – An Escom installation in Georgetown is slightly damaged by an explosion.29 – Two bombs explode at Mandini, one at a sub-station and the other at the police station.March11 – The Mobil fuel depot in Ermelo is rocked by four explosions and five storage tanks are destroyed.12 – During a skirmish with insurgents, two policemen are seriously injured.16 – South Africa and Mozambiquesign the Nkomati Accord, a non-aggression treaty, at Komatipoort.23 – Dorothy Nyembe is released from Kroonstad Prison after serving 15 years.April3 – The African National Congressdenies responsibility after a car bomb explodes on the Victoria Embankment, Durban, killing three and injuring twenty.5 – The Transkei consulate in Botshabelo is destroyed by a bomb.An insurgent is killed at De Deur.May2 – South Africa, Mozambique and Portugal sign an agreement on electricity supply from the Cahora Bassa dam.5 – Over 7,000 people attend an Afrikaner Volkswag rally in Pretoria.12 – A bomb explodes at the Trust Bank in Durban.13 – The Mobil Oil Refinery in Durban comes under RPG-7 attack by Umkhonto we Sizwe insurgents who are all killed afterwards in a running battle with police.16 – Outside the Jabulani Police station in Soweto an explosion destroys two private vehicles belonging to policemen.18 – The railway line near Lenasia is damaged by an explosion.29 – Prime Minister P.W. Botha and minister of foreign affairs Pik Bothavisit Austria, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland and West Germany.Mutineers systematically kill most camp administration members at Umkhonto we Sizwe’s Pango training camp in Angola.June21 – An explosion damages a sub-station in Berea, Durban and disrupts electricity supply.28 – Jeannette Schoon and her six-year-old daughter Katryn are killed by a letter bomb at Lubango, Angola.July9 – South Africa signs the amendment of the International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas.12 – One policeman is killed and one is injured when their vehicle is attacked in Jabulani.28 – The South African Railways Police charge office in KwaMashu, Durban is attacked with hand grenades.August3 – A guerrilla is killed in the Ellisrasarea.7 – Tshabalala Dry Cleaners in Soweto is extensively damaged by Umkhonto we Sizwe.7 – An Escom sub-station is destroyed in Glenmore, Durban.12 – The Department of Internal Affairs of Johannesburg is hit by an explosion that causes minor damage.16 – Two Limpet mines destroy two floors of the South African Police HQ, Soweto East in Roodepoort, injuring the District Commander, four policemen and two civilians.17 – A guerrilla is killed while resisting arrest in Mapetla.23 – Explosions destroy 4th floor offices of the government in a building in Booysens, Johannesburg.24 – A bomb explodes in Anchor Life Building in Johannesburg, destroying the South African Railways Police regional offices and the Department of Internal Affairs offices.September3 – A limpet mine placed by Mo Shaik explodes at the Department of Internal Affairs in Johannesburg.3 – During riots in the Vaal Triangle instigated by the Vaal Civic Association (VCA) supported by the UDF and COSAS, councillors Caesar Motjeane and Kuzwayo Dlamini are doused with petrol and burned alive and the police resort to sharp ammunition to restore order.[5]5 – An explosion destroys an Escom sub-station at Rustenburg and disrupts power to Rustenburg and a large area of Bophutatswana.7 – VCA vice-chairman Esau Raditsela admits to VCA chairman Lord McCamel and UDF leader Frank Chikane that he had started the riots four days before, but the UDF continues to blame the government and police.[5]13 – A Limpet mine causes damage to a Durban sub-station.14 – The position of Prime Minister is abolished.14 – P.W. Botha is inaugurated as the first executive State President of South Africa.[1]14 – A bomb explodes at the Department of Community Development in Krugersdorp.October8 – South Africa, Mozambique and Renamo hold talks in Pretoria to end the civil war in Mozambique.16 – Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.December11 – A section of railway line near Durban and a goods train are damaged by an explosion.14 – A guerrilla is killed and a policeman is injured in a skirmish in Ingwavuma.18 – Foreign minister Pik Botha and President of Somalia Siad Barre hold talks in Mogadishu.25 – Another guerrilla is killed in Ingwavuma.Unknown DateThe government imposes a state of emergency that would stay in place for six years.February 1981 -Two people are injured when a bomb explodes in a Durban shopping centre.14 – A section of railway line between Richards Bay and Vryheid is destroyed by Umkhonto we Sizwe and coal trucks are derailed.21 – Limpet mines explode and destroy two transformers at a sub-station in Durban.May6 – The railway in the Hoedspruit area is damaged.14 – The United Nations General Assembly publishes a blacklist of 65 multi-national companies and some 270 sports persons who have links with South Africa.21 – A bomb explodes and damages the Port Elizabeth rail link to Johannesburg and Cape Town.25 – A pamphlet bomb explodes in Durban.25 – The Fort Jackson Police station is attacked.25 – The railway line near Soweto is damaged.25 – The railway line on the NatalSouth Coast is damaged.25 – Power lines are cut in Vrede.25 – A series of terrorist actions in support of Republic Day protests are admitted by Umkhonto we Sizwe.27 – A bomb explodes in Durban destroying a South African Defence Force recruiting building.June1 – Three offices of the Progressive Federal Party are firebombed in Johannesburg, with no injuries.4 – The police station in Meyerton is attacked by terrorists.11 – The railway line on the Natal North coast is maliciously damaged.16 – The railway line near East London is maliciously damaged.26 – Two bombs explode at the Durban Cenotaph.28 – The railway near Empangeni is maliciously damaged.July3 – A limpet mine is found at the fuel storage yard in Alberton and defused.21 – Six bomb explosions at sub-stations in Pretoria, Middelburg, and Ermelo disrupt power supply.26 – Two bombs explode at 05:50 and 06:10 in central Durban. Three people are injured and extensive damage is caused to motor vehicle firms.August6 – A bomb explodes in an East London shopping complex minutes before rush hour.8 – A bomb explodes in a Port Elizabeth shopping centre in similar manner to the East London bomb.11 – The Voortrekkerhoogte Military Base outside Pretoria is attacked with RPG-7s. Two British citizens, Nicolas Heath and Bonnie Lou Muller, are identified as accomplices in the assault.19 – The railway line near East London is maliciously damaged.September2 – Two policemen and two civilians, one a child, are killed during an attack on Mabopane Police station.12 – A bomb damages the main railway line at Delville Wood near Durban.October10 – Umkhonto we Sizwe attacks government offices of the Department of Co-operation and Development. Four civilians are injured.21 – Umkhonto we Sizwe destroys a transformer in Evander and a water pipeline feeding Sasol III (Secunda CTL) in Secunda.26 – Two policemen are killed during an attack on Sibasa Police station.November1 – The Jeppes Reef House near the Swaziland border, occupied by the South African Defence Force, comes under RPG-7 attack.9 – A bomb explodes at the Orlando Magistrates Court in Soweto.12 – Rosslyn sub-station in Pretoria is damaged by 4 limpet mines.December4 – South Africa grants Ciskeiindependence.9 – The offices of the Chief Commissioner of the Department of Co-operation and Development in Cape Town is attacked.14 – A Pretoria sub-station is bombed.23 – Eastern Cape provincial buildings in Duncan Village are damaged in an Umkhonto we Sizwe attack.26 – The Wonderboompoort Police station is attacked.January31 – State President P.W. Botha offers a release proposal to imprisoned African National Congress deputy leader Nelson Mandela.31 – Dr Gerrit Viljoen, Minister of Cooperation and Development, announces that the forced removal of Blacks will be suspended.Three guerrillas and a policeman are killed in a skirmish near Nongoma.February9 – An explosion damages the Old Defence Force offices in Marshall Street, Johannesburg.10 – Nelson Mandela rejects P.W. Botha's offer of conditional release.A Limpet mine destroys a police vehicle in Mamelodi.Two guerrillas are killed and one captured in the Eastern Transvaal.A special branch policeman's home in Tembisa comes under grenade attack.May2 – An explosion rocks the building housing the gold mining companies of Anglo American and Anglovaal in Johannesburg and causes R170,000 in structural damage. Both companies are engaged in mass dismissals of mine workers.9 – Two grenade attacks occur in Pretoria townships.15 – Three explosions damage the Brakpan Police barracks.15 – Insurgents attack the buildings of the Brakpan Commissioners court and offices of the Messenger of the court.28 or 30 – A Limpet mine causes structural damage to the Military Medical Centre in Hillbrow, Johannesburg.31 – Insurgents attack the Southern Cross Fund offices and injure 14 people.Three limpet mines explode at the Natalia Development Board buildings in Lamontville.Three limpet mines explode at the Umlazi Police station in Durban.An Eskom sub-station in Durban is damaged by explosion.A bomb damages the offices of AECI, which is involved in a labour dispute.An explosion destroys a TranskeiDevelopment Corporation bulk fuel depot in Umtata and disrupts water and power supplies to the town.Insurgents throw petrol bombs and hand grenades at the home of Amichand Rajbansi.July20 – P.W. Botha declares a state of emergency in 36 magisterial districts.Limpet mines destroy a sub-station in Durban.A Soweto group, dubbed the Suicide Squad, attacks the homes of two Soweto policemen.A hand grenade is thrown at a bakery in Umlazi, Durban, where workers are on strike.A hand grenade is thrown at the former community councillor in Gugulethu.Two insurgents and a policeman are killed in a shootout at a police roadblock near East London.August2 – Two insurgents and a policeman are killed at a roadblock near Mount Ruth.10 – Police defuses a limpet mine found on a petrol bowser at a fuel depot in East London.A hand grenade is thrown into the home of MP Barend Andrews.A hand grenade is thrown into the home of a Mamelodi policeman.Three limpet mines explode in department stores in Durban, causing limited damage but no injuries.A bomb explodes in a night club at an Umlazi hotel and 30 children are injured.August – In Queenstown, Eastern Cape, Bill Mentoor becomes the first person to be necklaced by having a petrol-filled car tyre placed around his neck and set alight.September27–28 – Limpet mines damage the basement of OK Bazaars in Smith Street, Game Stores and Checkers, all supermarkets in central Durban, while a limpet mine is defused in Spar in central Durban.24 – A limpet mine detonates whilst being armed at Grosvenor Girls School, Bluff, Durban, killing Zinto Cele, Mandlenkosi Ndimande and injuring Sibusiso Mazibuko.Four people are killed in 20 hand grenade attacks in the Cape Townregion.A bomb damages a central Johannesburg building housing the Institute of Bankers.Sasol 2 and 3 come under rocket attack and three insurgents are killed by police.An anti-tank mine explodes in the Soutpansberg area and four defence force members and four civilians are injured.A hand grenade explodes at a Barclays National Bank branch in Woodstock, Cape Town.December8 – The Chesterville home of a policeman is bombed.13 – A South African Army anti-mine troop carrier detonates an anti-tank mine in Messina and one soldier is injured.14 – A guerrilla is killed in Chiawelo.15 – Five people are killed, three of them children aged two, eight and ten, and five are injured when their vehicle detonates an anti-tank mine on the Chatsworth farm near Messina. A one-year-old boy survives the blast.17 – A limpet mine explodes at 03h00 and damages eight PUTCO buses at the Fleetline depot in Umlazi, Durban.19 – A farmer is injured when his vehicle hits an anti-tank mine in the Weipe area.21 – A limpet mine attached to minibus injures 8 or 13 people.23 – A bomb explodes in an Amanzimtoti shopping centre, kills five people and injures 40 others. Andrew Zondo, who is later arrested for planting the bomb, claims that he attempted to warn the mall but failed.29 – The police defuses a pamphlet bomb in Durban.A limpet mine explodes at 18h00 and causes structural damage to the Chatsworth Magistrates Court outside Durban.A grenade is thrown at a tourist kombi in central Durban.Charl van Wyk discusses the St James Church massacre:Log In or Sign Up to ViewChurch Street West, Pretoria, on the 20 May 1983-Amanzimtoti Shopping complex KZN, 23 December 1985-Krugersdorp Magistrate’s Court, 17 March 1988-Durban Pick ‘n Pay shopping complex, 1 September 1986-Pretoria Sterland movie complex 16 April 1988 – limpet mine killed ANC terrorist M O Maponya instead-Johannesburg Magistrate’s Court, 20 May 1987-Roodepoort Standard Bank 3 June, 1988And more …As a part of the British Empire, South Africa took part in World War I, its principal action being the seizure of German Southwest Africa. In 1919, following the end of the war, South Africa received a mandate to the former German colony, the present-day nation of Namibia.It fought against Nazi Germany in World War II as well.The British then introduced the separation of ethnic groups, an ideology forced upon all in southern Africa, which was called ‘Separation’.Translated directly into Afrikaans, the word ‘separation’, is ‘apartheid’.The British tradition of self-rule for all nations within the Empire and a way to prevent Bantu inter-tribal wars and to prevent Bantu wars on whites, perpetuated this institution of separation- apartheid.Growing Afrikaner resistance to British rule led to a decision, through a 1960 referendum among whites, to give up status as a British dominion. A new republic was born on May 31, 1961, and South Africa withdrew from the British Commonwealth.Separation - Apartheid was inherited with the victory of the Nationalist Party in 1948, but the ideology of apartheid had been undergoing positive reforms for many years, with the ideas of Hendrik Verwoerd (1901-66), in favour of Bantu independence from white governance.All Bantu were given the most fertile homelands, called Bantustans to govern themselves, with white support, leaving only one homeland for the whites.Altogether nine homelands, because even by then, the Bantu populations had multiplied exponentially, making whites more and more minorities in the country their forefathers established, South Africa.The Bantu were given everything they required to facilitate their own governance.Besides their own homelands, and their own Bantu councils, the Bantu were given their own educational facilities, houses, electricity, water, their own public transportation, their own public restrooms, and their own beaches and parks, all with full fascilities on them.Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, and Venda were granted full independence.In 1950, the Group Areas Act, established residential and business sections in urban areas, for each of the four ethnic groups: Whites, Blacks, Coloreds, and Asians for which each homeland citizen was given a passport, ‘dompas’, and all that was required was for it to be presented to cross borders to enter other homelands to seek employment.The first major anti-apartheid riots broke out at Sharpeville, where only 9 policemen defended themselves against some 3000 aggressive PAC protesters charging at them and shot 69 of them ...Sharpeville / Soweto riots ...Forty Years Since the Soweto Riots - American RenaissanceThis article was written before Mandela died, and things are way worse in South Africa since:ANC adopted nazi-policies to marginalise and destroy the Afrikaners:Final Countdown for Afrikaner NationANC adopted nazi-policies to marginalise and destroy the Afrikaners:Ironically, the ANC-regime chose to use the same strategies to marginalize the European Minority as Hitler used against the Jews. Over the past 20 years they have implemented many programs, some legislated and some not, that have as their aim the destruction of the European minority. These policies have been held up as redistribution of wealth and transformation. However, they are true to communistic guidelines with the aim to bring into line those who do not align with their views.These include the exclusion of the European minority from business ownership, trade and employment. The European minority is also excluded from accessing tertiary education as well as school education in their home language. Their defense mechanisms have been removed through disarmament, and the removal of the effective policing structures that protected them, which places them in grave danger of being tortured and attacked.As a result of these strategic economic policies, approximately a million of the European Minority members are now displaced and living in abject poverty, with a large percentage of the remaining members barely surviving financially. The second transition will push them over the edge into displacement. However, the immediate crisis is but two weeks away, a countdown that do not bode well for the most vulnerable members who have already been marginalized and traumatized. They will loose the one meal a day that is currently supplied by retail food chains.Above: some 1 million of the 3,4 million white Afrikaners now are slowly starving to death: not allowed access to the job market, and excluded from State-welfare or any food-aid... even NGOs deny food-aid to Afrikaners who ask for it: they are only 'allowed' to feed 9 percent of all the 'whites' who come knocking on their doors for help...Afrikaners are excluded from State Welfare or Food-AidThe government has systematically removed any assistance or aid they may get. They are excluded from receiving state welfare or other benefits. Furthermore, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and charities are precluded from allocating more than 9% (the demographic proportion of Europeans) of their resources to ease their plight. Government enforces this through the interception of NGO and International donor funding by the President's Office. As a result, the European minority ethnic group affected by policies of redress has been left with no hope and absolutely no opportunities to work their way out of the situation they find themselves in.Now: the Final Blow:Nelson Mandela's ANC gazetted new legislation, effective December 2, 2012 that will reduce the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) status of any companies that donate to charities which assist 'minority' members, i.e. whites. And this could be a death-knell for any company: BEE status effectively ensures that a company can obtain business in South Africa.This will affect orphanages, displaced people camps, old age homes, Safe houses and NGO's similar to Childline and Rape Crisis. Although many are already forced through current legislation to refuse people assistance, the new legislation will also force them to abandon the current European Minority members.Charities need funds to help others. Companies need funds to donate to charities. This well-orchestrated assault will effectively break the cycle and remove any recourse to destitute and vulnerable European Minority members. This will force orphanages, safe houses and old age facilities to now abandon Europeans and prohibit companies to supply the only meal to many homeless and displaced people, including the elderly and children.Deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about the physical destruction of a minority is Genocide:Deliberately inflicting on the European Minority conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part. This in itself meets one of the five criteria to proof genocide, notwithstanding that any of the criteria should be met to meet the definition of genocide.http://friends4humanity.org/2012/11/0/directly-links-julius-malema-different-farm-attacks-across-south-africa/https://www.facebook.com/sowetanpolitics/videos/982023401974256/Carte Blanche discovers farmers are more likely to be murdered than police officers - MyTvNewsCarte Blanche discovers farmers are more likely to be murdered than police officers - My TV NewsCarte Blanche investigates the motives behind these attacks"Carte Blanche discovers farmers are more likely to be murdered than police officers - My TV NewsAnother link to the full video here: here: Log In or Sign Up to ViewCommunist Struggle Songs are being revived by White Communists like Don Clarke and Dan of "The Liberation Project", which has a following on Facebook. Their logo is a Communist clenched fist holding a microphone. We need to stop this movement somehow. And fast. This is their online website ...http://www.theliberationproject.co.zaDon Clarke's Facebook profile: profile: Don ClarkeThere is not just ONE SIZE FITS ALL model of genocide. It is executed differently in different countries. Ours is a slow, gradual, decades long, LOOMING genocide. This is genocide deliberately disguised as crime gone stupid ballistic. Nobody is fooled except those in denial. Denial is one of the stages of genocide. For too long now the denialists have been shaming us into calling a thing what is actually is. How long are we going to look the other way when Andile, Malema and EVERY Communist president of South Africa thus far - have been regularly, publicly, blatantly called for our genocide, often referred to as "... slaughter them, ... but not yet", "If you don't like the crime, just leave the country", "We will chase them into the sea", "For every one of us (blacks murdered by blacks), we will kill five of them (whites), we will kill their women, their children, their dogs", "Kill/Kiss the Boer", "One Settler, One bullet" (but the genocide inticers, organisers and perpetrators are also settlers themselves!) ...Julius Malema finally caught admitting that black people are not native to South Africa ...LIST OF NAMES OF RURAL KILLINGS IN SOUTH AFRICA SINCE 1994 ...Full text of "LIST OF NAMES OF RURAL KILLINGS SINCE 1994 IN SOUTH AFRICA"Everyone needs to also visit this Quora link below and watch the videos there ...Alana Logan's answer to How should I represent South Africa in MUN?Deirdre Fields:https://m.youtube.com/watch?list=PL58E735C0270F9544&v=4IYEaYsyJtMWhite Students Barricade Themselves in Classroom as Hundreds of Black Activists Demand, ‘Get out or We Will Kill You’White Students Barricade Themselves in Classroom as Hundreds of Black Activists Demand, ‘Get out or We Will Kill You’Deep lies:Untitled DocumentProject Hammer:https://blikskottel.wordpress.com/2012/03/05/project-hammer-were-sas-whites-sold-out/South Africa: Black on black intimidations:The Boer.What is REALLY going on in South Africa today.- YouTubeCommissionhttp://www.whitegenocidesa.com/mission/Dont miss this one!By "LOOMING genocide" we mean the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group…. Generally speaking, genocide does not necessarily mean the immediate destruction of a nation, except when accomplished by mass killings of all members of a nation. It is intended rather to signify a coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves.The objectives of such a plan would be disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and theeconomic existence of national groups, and the destruction of the personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups.”1991 there were 5.6 Million Whites in South Africa. Today we are less than 4.3 Million! We have been placed on level 6 of a possible 8, by Genocide Watch, an International organization that monitors, not only the number of people that are being brutally murdered in Race driven killings, but the political and socio-economic environment in which these people find themselves. These first 6 stages are (there are now 10 stages, someone verneeked us):1. CLASSIFICATIONReferring to people or groups of people as “Us” and “Them”, according to race, ethnicity, religion or nationality.We are referred to by the black population of South Africa, by several names that include “Boer”, “Whitey”, “iBhunu”, Settlers,Colonialists etc.2. SYMBOLIZATIONGiving names or symbols to the classifications – in our case referring to us as “Boers” or “Whiteys”. Classification and symbolization are universally human and do not necessarily result in genocide, unless they leadto the next stage, dehumanization.…which, in our case, it has! Songs are sung about “Killing the Boer”. A particular song called “Dubula iBhunu”, meaning “Kill/shoot the Boer”, is even sung by our current State President at huge public gatherings to the great pleasure of thousands of his followers, despite our Supreme Court ruling that this song constitutes Hate Speech! You can find proof of this by viewing the following link …3. DEHUMANIZATIONOne group denies the humanity of the other group. Members of it are equated with animals, vermin, insects or diseases. Dehumanization overcomes the normal human revulsion against murder.When faced with what is being done to our people, this revulsion clearly doesn’t exist anymore! Babies are being shot at point blank range! Elderly women are being raped and tortured by burning them with clothing irons and shoving anything from broomsticks to smashed bottles into their vaginas! People are being hacked to death with pangas, their heads smashed with bricks and stones, their throats slit with blunt knives… There is NO end to the horrendous brutality with which White South Africans are being murdered!!! If you doubt this, simply type the words “Boer Genocide” in Google!!4. ORGANIZATIONGenocide is always organized, usually by the state, though sometimes informally or by terrorist groups. Special army units or militias are often trained and armed. Plans are made for genocidal killings.In South Africa, the Government is simply turning a blind eye to this and calling it “Normal Crime” at worst! These murders are by no means random nor are they disorganized! The killers/murderers always work in groups – mostly 4-5 . They steal very little and what they do take is considered “loot” or “reward” for a job well done. In many cases they arrive on foot and steal a vehicle as a means of getting away. These vehicles are then simply discarded along the way and often burnt. The process of “organizing” a complete WIPEOUT of the Boer people was very well thought through.*Firstly the South African Government ordered that firearm owners should surrender all their firearms though a hugely unconstitutional and completely illegal campaign. Most of the law abiding citizens complied for fear of prosecution. These weapons were to be destroyed, but there is NO evidence of this ever having been done. To make matters worse, over 20 000 weapons have gone “missing” from the Police Force’s arsenal, with no reports as to what happened to these guns and in addition nobody was ever prosecuted for negligence regarding the disappearance of these firearms!*Secondly, all the Commandos (volunteers with army training operating under strict governance of our Defense Force) that used to keep our farming communities safe, were disbanded by our current Government, thus leaving our Farmers defenseless against these attacks. Despite promises from the Government that police officials and Defense Force units will replace the Commandos, nothing has transpired to date!*Thirdly, much is being made by the SA Government of “redistributing” farmland. They have created the impression that most of our arid land is still in the hands of the “Boers” and that they are bluntly refusing to sell land to the Government who will in turn distribute this land to Black people to farm on. This is a lie, as most of the land in South Africa already belongs to the Government and up till now, no audit has been done to establish how much agricultural land is owned by the black people and how much land is being registered in the names of Foreign owners. Some of these farms previously developed by white farmers, have been given to Black communities to farm on, but without significant success. These farms have become barren, costing thousands of people their jobs and livelihood and seriously threatening our food supply in SA. All of these factors are creating an environment where the hatred for the Boer is being aggravated and these farmers are considered the enemy of the “People” …and our leaders then singing songs about killing or shooting the “Boer”, is certainly NOT helping!5. POLARIZATIONExtremists drive the groups apart. Hate groups broadcast polarizing propaganda. Laws are passed with racial criteria that further oppresses the already marginalized group …in this case White South Africans.South Africa is currently the only country in the WORLD that has laws in place to “Protect” a 50 Million Majority against a 4.3 Million Minority! The most obvious ones being:*Affirmative Action (AA) – in terms of which businesses are forced to employ workers in accordance to the percentage of the population in the country – thus meaning that 92% of the work force HAS to be black whether they have the necessary qualifications or not!*Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) – This law forces businesses with a certain turnover P/A to give 40% of their shares to a Black Business Partner. Businesses are audited and prosecuted if they are not BEE compliant. Since capability and skills have left the Government sector at the time when the white employees who were dismissed, the Government had to contract consultants to fulfill the duties of those qualified and competent white people who were dismissed. Once more, the Government is now compelled by law to only award ALL Government contracts to those private companies who are in possession of a BBBEE-certificate.This certificate is issued by the Government on completion of a thorough investigation by the Government to confirm that a private company has sufficient Black shareholders and employees ON ALL levels of their work force.*Quota System – All Sport Unions are forced to apply a quota system when choosing players for Provincial and National teams and the percentages have to again be representative of the population, thus leaving capable sportsmen and –women with no way to participate unless they are black. In practice, this means that sportsmen and –woman are elected to represent their province/country on the basis of the colour of their skin and not on merit at all.***All of this whilst our Highly Praised Constitution states VERY clearly that:Section 9: The right to equality before the law and freedom from discrimination.Prohibited grounds of discrimination include race, gender, sex, pregnancy, marital status, ethnic or social origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture, language and birth.Polarizing Propaganda is openly preached from public stages at political gatherings and white people are being called “Thieves and Murderers” to the delight of cheering crowds. Due to large scale corruption, the current Government is hardly able to deliver any of the promised services to the poorest of the poor, but instead of owning up to the fact that BILLIONS are lost or stolen from our annual budget, white people are simply blamed for the horrendous conditions in which more than 25% of the population is currently living. This is furthering the utter hatred behind the Genocide of the White South Africans!6. PREPARATIONVictims are identified and separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity. Death lists are drawn up. Members of victim groups are forced to wear identifying symbols. They are often segregated into ghettoes, forced into concentration camps, or confined to a famine-struck region and starved.We have now entered this phase in South Africa. We need not wear symbols as we are identified simply because we are White! In less than 10 years, more than 600 000 White people have ended up in Squatter Camps (ghettos) mostly because they have been forced to resign due to the Affirmative Action Legislation (i.e. due to the colour of their skin). These people live in horrifying circumstances with absolutely NO hope of receiving any help from the Government to acquire shelter and food!There are only 2 levels left before White South Africans, the ones that are left, will literally have to “run for their lives”! More than 1 Million White South Africans have left the country already – some after experiencing crime first hand. Some because their very own family members have been murdered and some to find employment in countries where their skin colour will NOT be a disqualification.7. EXTERMINATIONExtermination begins, and quickly becomes the mass killing legally called "genocide." It is "extermination" to the killers, because they do not believe their victims to be fully human. When it is sponsored by the state, the armed forces often work with militias to execute the killing.The frightening truth is that, although this is seen as the second last level of Genocide and we have NOT been placed here yet, we are already experiencing a level of extermination that the world simply seems to ignore! In 1994 there were more than 100 000 commercial farmers in South Africa. Today, there are only 29 000. More than 4 000 of these farmers have been murdered!!! Many of our farmers sold their land out of fear of these attacks and many more have been forced to sell their land to the Government for their “Land Redistribution” plan.Our Farmers are not the only targets though! Thousands of White people are murdered in Cities and Towns. More often than not, the elderly are the victims of these Hate-crimes and the brutality, with which these people are being killed, is utterly shocking! You can read the following link regarding some of the more recent incidents…8. DENIAL is the eighth stage that always follows a genocide. It is among the surest indicators of further genocidal massacres. The perpetrators of genocide dig up the mass graves, burn the bodies, try to cover up the evidence and intimidate the witnesses. They deny that they committed any crimes, and often blame what happened on the victims. They block investigations of the crimes, and continue to govern until driven from power by force, when they flee into exile. There they remain with impunity, like Pol Pot or Idi Amin, unless they are captured and a tribunal is established to try them. The response to denial is punishment by an international tribunal or national courts. There the evidence can be heard, and the perpetrators punished. Tribunals like the Yugoslav or Rwanda Tribunals, or an international tribunal to try the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, or an International Criminal Court may not deter the worst genocidal killers. But with the political will to arrest and prosecute them, some may be brought to justice. http://www.genocidewatch.org/Rafael writes ..."This is an old Artiicle but it illustrates ANC/SACP c0mmunist plot to steal everybody's land. This cadre fukkd up his own script and brazenly admitted that they will use Expropriation without Compensation to basically steal land that used to be the Bantustan homelands. These lands , especially those in Limpopo and North West are known to contain some of the highest deposits of Platinum and chrome in the world. Plus Kwazulu Natal has the most fertile land in South Africa.Remember earlier this year when SACP/ANC and their d0g , Julius Malema openly threatening the Zulu king with expropriation ? As far as I know 70% of Kwazulu Natal is under the authority of The Zulu king . These c0mmunists backed off FOR NOW when the Zulu king threatened that Kwazulu Natal will secede from South Africa ."https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Land-chair-wants-Bantustans-cleared-20120523

What was Steven Biko's impact on the movement to end apartheid in South Africa?Steve Biko was the Black Consciousness Movement philosophical leader who had nothing to do with the negotiations to end Apartheid.Tainted "Hero's"The Apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of negotiations between 1990 and 1993 and through unilateral steps - by the then de Klerk (White South African) government.The idea was to hand governance as peacefully as possible, over to the Communist terrorists, in the hope that the SA Communist Party, African National Congress and Pan Africanist Congress would cease their violence against other Black non-Communists / non-Socialists (the Inkatha Freedom Party), who were busy being murdered with AK47′s and the Winnie Mandela necklace method, by the SACP/ ANC / PAC terrorists …It was more than IFP versus ANC | The MercurySACP/ ANC /PAC violence …South Africa March 28 1994 Pre-Election Zulu-ANC Violence in JohannesburgThe Inkatha Freedom Party, under the awesome Mangosuthu Buthelezi, wanted the violent SACP/ ANC /PAC terrorists out of negotiations with the peaceful Apartheid regime President, de Klerk.Outrageous claim that Biko wanted to unite with ANC | IOL NewsUnfortunately this ANC Mandela necklacing method, and stonings, against ALL South African ethnicities, has never ceased and still goes on today …Don't support the local, corrupt government? Get hacked to death (Extremely NSFW) - Knowledge GlueThe SACP/ ANC/ PAC, having used devious methods, managed to garner world finance, to unleash their propaganda machines against the peaceful previous government, who then literally signed over the entire country to the terrorist SACP/ African National Congress /ANC terrorist organisation, under duress of sanctions ...These negotiations took place between the governing National Party, and the SACP/ African National Congress.Stephen Biko, (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was a South African nationalist socialist, and his campaign was known as the Black Consciousness Movement during the late 1960s and 1970s.Lovedale School accused Biko, his brother and 50 other students of supporting an organisation affiliated with the banned Pan Africanist Movement (PAC) and he was expelled aged 15. According to his brother, this event politicised Biko.Black Consciousness energised black opposition to the Sharpeville Tragedy which was conveniently blamed on Apartheid by the Communist Socialists ... and helped draw the world’s attention in 1960, when established terrorist movements such as the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) were banned by the South African government and went underground.Sharpeville 1960 is held up today as the single biggest “massacre” of blacks by whites during the years of Apartheid. The truth about Sharpeville is actually quite well known for anybody who wants to do the research.Basically about 15,000 Blacks armed with guns, pipes and machetes (pangas) marched on a police station manned by about 300 policemen to “Peacefully” demonstrate against the law of having to carry a passport when visiting or working in South Africa. The march was organised by the Pan African Congress Communist Robert Sobukwe, who in typical cowardly communist fashion used women and children to do his dirty work while he was sitting in a pub in an adjacent town during the events.About fifty policemen, mostly rookies, one of which were in the service for only a month, went outside to meet the crowd. The police officers were given strict orders not to shoot, but nervousness set in and one policeman dropped his weapon and a shot went off. All hell broke loose and the police started firing.69 Blacks died. The official reports states that many were shot in the back. But the journalism have to be brought into question because the bodies photographed had EXIT wounds on their backs where the most blood is shown.Shot in the front, small entry, person runs away and collapses on his stomach, bloody exit wound on his back is photographed by BBC journalists and claim that he was shot in the back... you get the picture.If the police really wanted to commit a “massacre”, they would have shot wildly into the crowd, emptied their magazines and thousands of Blacks would have been killed. The fact that only 69 were killed was a testimony to the discipline and restraint exercised by the policemen.The Sunday night and the Monday morning preceding the “Massacre” the police drove the Blacks back with batons and tear gas, but they still kept coming, at about 13h35 on the Sunday they broke through the gates and their aim was to kill every policeman inside the police station.But what gave the Blacks this courage and confidence to march on a police station and kill everyone inside was an horrific incident that took place about two months before that at Cato Manor.It was a Saturday, 25th of January 1960...A large amount of blacks came to have a family reunion and were getting pissed out of their brackets at a local “Shebeen”, an illegal drinking spot in Cato Manor, Durban.Standard police practice was to set off a 12 man patrol in certain areas and then pick them up with their captives later on.On the watch of a Sergeant Winterboer, he set off a 12 man patrol and arranged to pick them up at later at the premises of a firm called “Benoni Nr 1”.The leader of the patrol was a constable Joubert. The police arrested a man and suddenly was surrounded by a mob of drunken Blacks who demanded the release of the prisoner. Under the circumstances it would probably have been the best thing to do, but Constable Joubert, who has been a policeman for only 18 months, underestimated the danger.The black women started cheering on their drunken males with their traditional high pitched tongue noises.Constable Joubert’s answer was, “Only over my dead body will I let this prisoner go”.At this point a Black policeman stepped on the foot of a Black woman who started crying and screaming hysterically. Within a few minutes the police patrol was surrounded by a mob of drunken Blacks armed with Knobkerries and Machetes coming from every surrounding shack and shouting, “Kill the Boers!, Kill the Boers!”. Under a hail of rocks the policemen tried to make their way back to the premises of “Benoni Nr1” where they hoped sergeant Winterboer would be waiting for them, but the Blacks barricaded their retreat.At this time Sergeant Winterboer arrived at the scene, but instead of using his rifle, paniced and ran back to the police station to call on reinforcement.While he was gone, the stone throwing increased on the police patrol and Constable Joubert made his way to a nearby Avocado tree, attempting to climb it and escape the machete wielding mob.Joubert was pulled down and the mob of machete wielding Blacks hacked him to pieces. Two White policemen called Kriel and Rademan and a Black policeman called Dludla also tried to escape the mob. Kriel fought with his bare fists and ran almost a kilometre before he was also hacked to pieces. Rademan heard the cries of his comrade and returned to help and was also hacked to pieces. The Black policeman Dludla tried to Help Rademan and he also was hacked to pieces.The body of another White policeman Gert Rheeder was later retrieved from under a heap of rocks and loaded onto a police truck. When it arrived back at the police station, Police Major, Jerry van der Merwe officially saluted the slain Policeman, at which point an Indian policeman saw the finger of the “corpse” move, his head and his body was reduced to such a bloody mess that his own parents could not even recognise him.Rheeder, survived, but remained for the rest of his life a useless psychological wreck.“So what about the Avocado tree that Joubert tried to climb?” you ask...Well, about a month later...Nine Blacks bought a case of beer at the local Shebeen and parked off under the exact same tree and started drinking, when out of nowhere a lightning bolt hit the tree an killed all nine blacks underneath...Coincidence?...An act of God?....you be the judge.Source: “Verrat an Südafrika”, Klaus D Vaque Copyright 1988, Varama Publishers, ISBN 0-620-12978-6, pg 172-175.Blaming White folk is the method still used today over two decades after Whites ended Apartheid, by indoctrinated Black Communists, to explain away ANC government mismanagement, corruption and orchestrations for White genocide ...Toxi News ...http://toxinews.blogspot.com/p/articles-by-toxinews.html?m=1"SA THEN versus NOW" ...http://toxinews.blogspot.com/2012/01/?m=1Mike Smith's Political Commentary ...https://archive.ph/UumetOpening Pandora's Apartheid Box - ...https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.tygae.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/8/7/13878165/smithmike__pandoras_apartheid_box.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwj7qdTR0tvfAhWMGBQKHfM2DD8QFjANegQICRAB&usg=AOvVaw2_9s6BG68ifyhvS0tysJ5Xhttps://www.suidlanders.co.za/time-to-open-pandoras-apartheid-box-part-1/Note that the Communist propaganda website SAHO has deliberately removed all info from their own website which once used to tell the truths about South Africa (I refer to the link below) - Today SAHO has become a Communist government propaganda machine website where all SA history has been deliberately altered, removed, twisted and thumb sucked ... If you want facts, ignore that website and Wiki completely.Wiki can be edited by anybody, and it is usually edited by Communists desperately trying to change South African history and current affairs (same as SAHO).Thus Wikipedia can faithfully only be used as a source of SA information by someone responsible, who grew up in South Africa, and who knows the non-Communist version of SA history, thus has the ability to decipher and filter out the truths from the garbage ...Deaths in detention soar under ANC-regime ... here you will find only facts (Note SAHO has deliberately removed their own original articles in links here) ...http://censorbugbear-reports.blogspot.com/2010/11/deaths-in-detention-soar-under-anc.html?m=174 people in total died in police custody in the entire 25-year-duration of the apartheid since detention without trial started in 1963…an average of THREE PEOPLE PER YEAR… Now how does that compare to the current “New, Improved, South Africa” run by the ANC Marxist terrorist regime? It is only when the truth jolts our complacency, making us realize there is something wrong with our reasoning, that we are moved to identify and rethink our biases….This aricle was written by a three Black journalists in 2010 - 16 years after Mandela became president: ..."Parties urge probe into 566 SAPS custody deaths…"https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.sowetanlive.co.za/amp/news/2010-11-23-parties-urge-probe-into-566-deaths/23.11.2010 - by Canaan Mdletshe, Mhlaba Memela and Sibongile Mashaba,Sowetan:TORTURE IN SOUTH AFRICA: The Act and the Facts - Centre for the ...PDFwww.csvr.org.za › pdfhttps://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.csvr.org.za/pdf/Torture%2520in%2520South%2520Africa.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiVuZiMxNvfAhVOThUIHVdXA_wQFjAJegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw0yZW6wYoSJoJX4Vh9h6UfgHuman rights and mental health in post-apartheid South Africa:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5639765/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles2013 - 29 Years after Mandela became President of SA over 900 die in police custody in a year - News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Over-900-die-in-police-custody-in-a-year-201303041998 onwards ... Deaths under police custody ... Four years after Mandela became President of South Africa ...https://www.csvr.org.za/publications/1448-a-lonely-way-to-die-an-examination-of-deaths-in-police-custody2017 - 33 Years after Mandela became President of SA ...'Hundreds still die in SAPS custody' ...SA Human Rights Commission: Deaths in police custody continue, with official statistics showing that 266 people died in detention ...https://sahrc.org.za/index.php/sahrc-media/news/item/836-hundreds-still-die-in-saps-custody-ipidWhat will Nelson Mandela be remembered for?Was Nelson Mandela a terrorist?Nelson Mandela … his legacy as seen through the eyes of those who actually had him for their President, not through the mythical rosy eyes of the duped world …Mandela’s legacy …South African Police Chief makes the most woke statement ...Alana Logan's answer to How was Nelson Mandela?At his trial, Nelson Mandela had pleaded guilty to 156 acts of public violence including mobilising terrorist bombing campaigns, which planted bombs in public places, including the Johannesburg railway station.Many innocent people, including women and children, were killed by Nelson Mandela’s MK terrorists. Here are some highlights …A series of riots in 1976 led to the Bantu on Bantu murders of some 600, and the murder of resistance leader Stephen Biko (1946-1977) in 1977 led to increased tension.The 1960s and 1970s saw Nelson Mandela, Mkonto We Sizwe military wing leader and supporters of the SACP/ANC/PAC saw bombings, unrest, massive riots and necklacings, encouraged by ANC Winnie Mandela and British Communist entities like Ronnie Kasrils, against supporters of the peaceful Bantu Inkatha Freedom Party, led by Dr Mangosuthu Buthelezi, who were forced to retaliate in self-defense …January 19808 – The South African Defence Forcebegins withdrawal from southern Angola.16 – The South African Railways inaugurates the MetroBlitz interurban high speed train service between Pretoria and Johannesburg.[2][3][4]30 – Patrick McCall of the Stander gang is killed by police in a raid on the gang's hide-out in Houghton, Johannesburg.February3 – A bomb destroys the offices of the Ciskei consulate in Durban.23 – An Escom installation in Georgetown is slightly damaged by an explosion.29 – Two bombs explode at Mandini, one at a sub-station and the other at the police station.March11 – The Mobil fuel depot in Ermelo is rocked by four explosions and five storage tanks are destroyed.12 – During a skirmish with insurgents, two policemen are seriously injured.16 – South Africa and Mozambiquesign the Nkomati Accord, a non-aggression treaty, at Komatipoort.23 – Dorothy Nyembe is released from Kroonstad Prison after serving 15 years.April3 – The African National Congressdenies responsibility after a car bomb explodes on the Victoria Embankment, Durban, killing three and injuring twenty.5 – The Transkei consulate in Botshabelo is destroyed by a bomb.An insurgent is killed at De Deur.May2 – South Africa, Mozambique and Portugal sign an agreement on electricity supply from the Cahora Bassa dam.5 – Over 7,000 people attend an Afrikaner Volkswag rally in Pretoria.12 – A bomb explodes at the Trust Bank in Durban.13 – The Mobil Oil Refinery in Durban comes under RPG-7 attack by Umkhonto we Sizwe insurgents who are all killed afterwards in a running battle with police.16 – Outside the Jabulani Police station in Soweto an explosion destroys two private vehicles belonging to policemen.18 – The railway line near Lenasia is damaged by an explosion.29 – Prime Minister P.W. Botha and minister of foreign affairs Pik Bothavisit Austria, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland and West Germany.Mutineers systematically kill most camp administration members at Umkhonto we Sizwe’s Pango training camp in Angola.June21 – An explosion damages a sub-station in Berea, Durban and disrupts electricity supply.28 – Jeannette Schoon and her six-year-old daughter Katryn are killed by a letter bomb at Lubango, Angola.July9 – South Africa signs the amendment of the International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas.12 – One policeman is killed and one is injured when their vehicle is attacked in Jabulani.28 – The South African Railways Police charge office in KwaMashu, Durban is attacked with hand grenades.August3 – A guerrilla is killed in the Ellisrasarea.7 – Tshabalala Dry Cleaners in Soweto is extensively damaged by Umkhonto we Sizwe.7 – An Escom sub-station is destroyed in Glenmore, Durban.12 – The Department of Internal Affairs of Johannesburg is hit by an explosion that causes minor damage.16 – Two Limpet mines destroy two floors of the South African Police HQ, Soweto East in Roodepoort, injuring the District Commander, four policemen and two civilians.17 – A guerrilla is killed while resisting arrest in Mapetla.23 – Explosions destroy 4th floor offices of the government in a building in Booysens, Johannesburg.24 – A bomb explodes in Anchor Life Building in Johannesburg, destroying the South African Railways Police regional offices and the Department of Internal Affairs offices.September3 – A limpet mine placed by Mo Shaik explodes at the Department of Internal Affairs in Johannesburg.3 – During riots in the Vaal Triangle instigated by the Vaal Civic Association (VCA) supported by the UDF and COSAS, councillors Caesar Motjeane and Kuzwayo Dlamini are doused with petrol and burned alive and the police resort to sharp ammunition to restore order.[5]5 – An explosion destroys an Escom sub-station at Rustenburg and disrupts power to Rustenburg and a large area of Bophutatswana.7 – VCA vice-chairman Esau Raditsela admits to VCA chairman Lord McCamel and UDF leader Frank Chikane that he had started the riots four days before, but the UDF continues to blame the government and police.[5]13 – A Limpet mine causes damage to a Durban sub-station.14 – The position of Prime Minister is abolished.14 – P.W. Botha is inaugurated as the first executive State President of South Africa.[1]14 – A bomb explodes at the Department of Community Development in Krugersdorp.October8 – South Africa, Mozambique and Renamo hold talks in Pretoria to end the civil war in Mozambique.16 – Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.December11 – A section of railway line near Durban and a goods train are damaged by an explosion.14 – A guerrilla is killed and a policeman is injured in a skirmish in Ingwavuma.18 – Foreign minister Pik Botha and President of Somalia Siad Barre hold talks in Mogadishu.25 – Another guerrilla is killed in Ingwavuma.Unknown DateThe government imposes a state of emergency that would stay in place for six years.February 1981 -Two people are injured when a bomb explodes in a Durban shopping centre.14 – A section of railway line between Richards Bay and Vryheid is destroyed by Umkhonto we Sizwe and coal trucks are derailed.21 – Limpet mines explode and destroy two transformers at a sub-station in Durban.May6 – The railway in the Hoedspruit area is damaged.14 – The United Nations General Assembly publishes a blacklist of 65 multi-national companies and some 270 sports persons who have links with South Africa.21 – A bomb explodes and damages the Port Elizabeth rail link to Johannesburg and Cape Town.25 – A pamphlet bomb explodes in Durban.25 – The Fort Jackson Police station is attacked.25 – The railway line near Soweto is damaged.25 – The railway line on the NatalSouth Coast is damaged.25 – Power lines are cut in Vrede.25 – A series of terrorist actions in support of Republic Day protests are admitted by Umkhonto we Sizwe.27 – A bomb explodes in Durban destroying a South African Defence Force recruiting building.June1 – Three offices of the Progressive Federal Party are firebombed in Johannesburg, with no injuries.4 – The police station in Meyerton is attacked by terrorists.11 – The railway line on the Natal North coast is maliciously damaged.16 – The railway line near East London is maliciously damaged.26 – Two bombs explode at the Durban Cenotaph.28 – The railway near Empangeni is maliciously damaged.July3 – A limpet mine is found at the fuel storage yard in Alberton and defused.21 – Six bomb explosions at sub-stations in Pretoria, Middelburg, and Ermelo disrupt power supply.26 – Two bombs explode at 05:50 and 06:10 in central Durban. Three people are injured and extensive damage is caused to motor vehicle firms.August6 – A bomb explodes in an East London shopping complex minutes before rush hour.8 – A bomb explodes in a Port Elizabeth shopping centre in similar manner to the East London bomb.11 – The Voortrekkerhoogte Military Base outside Pretoria is attacked with RPG-7s. Two British citizens, Nicolas Heath and Bonnie Lou Muller, are identified as accomplices in the assault.19 – The railway line near East London is maliciously damaged.September2 – Two policemen and two civilians, one a child, are killed during an attack on Mabopane Police station.12 – A bomb damages the main railway line at Delville Wood near Durban.October10 – Umkhonto we Sizwe attacks government offices of the Department of Co-operation and Development. Four civilians are injured.21 – Umkhonto we Sizwe destroys a transformer in Evander and a water pipeline feeding Sasol III (Secunda CTL) in Secunda.26 – Two policemen are killed during an attack on Sibasa Police station.November1 – The Jeppes Reef House near the Swaziland border, occupied by the South African Defence Force, comes under RPG-7 attack.9 – A bomb explodes at the Orlando Magistrates Court in Soweto.12 – Rosslyn sub-station in Pretoria is damaged by 4 limpet mines.December4 – South Africa grants Ciskeiindependence.9 – The offices of the Chief Commissioner of the Department of Co-operation and Development in Cape Town is attacked.14 – A Pretoria sub-station is bombed.23 – Eastern Cape provincial buildings in Duncan Village are damaged in an Umkhonto we Sizwe attack.26 – The Wonderboompoort Police station is attacked.January31 – State President P.W. Botha offers a release proposal to imprisoned African National Congress deputy leader Nelson Mandela.31 – Dr Gerrit Viljoen, Minister of Cooperation and Development, announces that the forced removal of Blacks will be suspended.Three guerrillas and a policeman are killed in a skirmish near Nongoma.February9 – An explosion damages the Old Defence Force offices in Marshall Street, Johannesburg.10 – Nelson Mandela rejects P.W. Botha's offer of conditional release.A Limpet mine destroys a police vehicle in Mamelodi.Two guerrillas are killed and one captured in the Eastern Transvaal.A special branch policeman's home in Tembisa comes under grenade attack.May2 – An explosion rocks the building housing the gold mining companies of Anglo American and Anglovaal in Johannesburg and causes R170,000 in structural damage. Both companies are engaged in mass dismissals of mine workers.9 – Two grenade attacks occur in Pretoria townships.15 – Three explosions damage the Brakpan Police barracks.15 – Insurgents attack the buildings of the Brakpan Commissioners court and offices of the Messenger of the court.28 or 30 – A Limpet mine causes structural damage to the Military Medical Centre in Hillbrow, Johannesburg.31 – Insurgents attack the Southern Cross Fund offices and injure 14 people.Three limpet mines explode at the Natalia Development Board buildings in Lamontville.Three limpet mines explode at the Umlazi Police station in Durban.An Eskom sub-station in Durban is damaged by explosion.A bomb damages the offices of AECI, which is involved in a labour dispute.An explosion destroys a TranskeiDevelopment Corporation bulk fuel depot in Umtata and disrupts water and power supplies to the town.Insurgents throw petrol bombs and hand grenades at the home of Amichand Rajbansi.July20 – P.W. Botha declares a state of emergency in 36 magisterial districts.Limpet mines destroy a sub-station in Durban.A Soweto group, dubbed the Suicide Squad, attacks the homes of two Soweto policemen.A hand grenade is thrown at a bakery in Umlazi, Durban, where workers are on strike.A hand grenade is thrown at the former community councillor in Gugulethu.Two insurgents and a policeman are killed in a shootout at a police roadblock near East London.August2 – Two insurgents and a policeman are killed at a roadblock near Mount Ruth.10 – Police defuses a limpet mine found on a petrol bowser at a fuel depot in East London.A hand grenade is thrown into the home of MP Barend Andrews.A hand grenade is thrown into the home of a Mamelodi policeman.Three limpet mines explode in department stores in Durban, causing limited damage but no injuries.A bomb explodes in a night club at an Umlazi hotel and 30 children are injured.August – In Queenstown, Eastern Cape, Bill Mentoor becomes the first person to be necklaced by having a petrol-filled car tyre placed around his neck and set alight.September27–28 – Limpet mines damage the basement of OK Bazaars in Smith Street, Game Stores and Checkers, all supermarkets in central Durban, while a limpet mine is defused in Spar in central Durban.24 – A limpet mine detonates whilst being armed at Grosvenor Girls School, Bluff, Durban, killing Zinto Cele, Mandlenkosi Ndimande and injuring Sibusiso Mazibuko.Four people are killed in 20 hand grenade attacks in the Cape Townregion.A bomb damages a central Johannesburg building housing the Institute of Bankers.Sasol 2 and 3 come under rocket attack and three insurgents are killed by police.An anti-tank mine explodes in the Soutpansberg area and four defence force members and four civilians are injured.A hand grenade explodes at a Barclays National Bank branch in Woodstock, Cape Town.December8 – The Chesterville home of a policeman is bombed.13 – A South African Army anti-mine troop carrier detonates an anti-tank mine in Messina and one soldier is injured.14 – A guerrilla is killed in Chiawelo.15 – Five people are killed, three of them children aged two, eight and ten, and five are injured when their vehicle detonates an anti-tank mine on the Chatsworth farm near Messina. A one-year-old boy survives the blast.17 – A limpet mine explodes at 03h00 and damages eight PUTCO buses at the Fleetline depot in Umlazi, Durban.19 – A farmer is injured when his vehicle hits an anti-tank mine in the Weipe area.21 – A limpet mine attached to minibus injures 8 or 13 people.23 – A bomb explodes in an Amanzimtoti shopping centre, kills five people and injures 40 others. Andrew Zondo, who is later arrested for planting the bomb, claims that he attempted to warn the mall but failed.29 – The police defuses a pamphlet bomb in Durban.A limpet mine explodes at 18h00 and causes structural damage to the Chatsworth Magistrates Court outside Durban.A grenade is thrown at a tourist kombi in central Durban.Charl van Wyk discusses the St James Church massacre:Log In or Sign Up to ViewChurch Street West, Pretoria, on the 20 May 1983-Amanzimtoti Shopping complex KZN, 23 December 1985-Krugersdorp Magistrate’s Court, 17 March 1988-Durban Pick ‘n Pay shopping complex, 1 September 1986-Pretoria Sterland movie complex 16 April 1988 – limpet mine killed ANC terrorist M O Maponya instead-Johannesburg Magistrate’s Court, 20 May 1987-Roodepoort Standard Bank 3 June, 1988And more …As a part of the British Empire, South Africa took part in World War I, its principal action being the seizure of German Southwest Africa. In 1919, following the end of the war, South Africa received a mandate to the former German colony, the present-day nation of Namibia.It fought against Nazi Germany in World War II as well.The British then introduced the separation of ethnic groups, an ideology forced upon all in southern Africa, which was called ‘Separation’.Translated directly into Afrikaans, the word ‘separation’, is ‘apartheid’.The British tradition of self-rule for all nations within the Empire and a way to prevent Bantu inter-tribal wars and to prevent Bantu wars on whites, perpetuated this institution of separation- apartheid.Growing Afrikaner resistance to British rule led to a decision, through a 1960 referendum among whites, to give up status as a British dominion. A new republic was born on May 31, 1961, and South Africa withdrew from the British Commonwealth.Separation - Apartheid was inherited with the victory of the Nationalist Party in 1948, but the ideology of apartheid had been undergoing positive reforms for many years, with the ideas of Hendrik Verwoerd (1901-66), in favour of Bantu independence from white governance.All Bantu were given the most fertile homelands, called Bantustans to govern themselves, with white support, leaving only one homeland for the whites.Altogether nine homelands, because even by then, the Bantu populations had multiplied exponentially, making whites more and more minorities in the country their forefathers established, South Africa.The Bantu were given everything they required to facilitate their own governance.Besides their own homelands, and their own Bantu councils, the Bantu were given their own educational facilities, houses, electricity, water, their own public transportation, their own public restrooms, and their own beaches and parks, all with full fascilities on them.Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, and Venda were granted full independence.In 1950, the Group Areas Act, established residential and business sections in urban areas, for each of the four ethnic groups: Whites, Blacks, Coloreds, and Asians for which each homeland citizen was given a passport, ‘dompas’, and all that was required was for it to be presented to cross borders to enter other homelands to seek employment.The first major anti-apartheid riots broke out at Sharpeville, where only 9 policemen defended themselves against some 3000 aggressive PAC protesters charging at them and shot 69 of them ...Sharpeville / Soweto riots ...Forty Years Since the Soweto Riots - American RenaissanceAlana Logan's answer to What will Nelson Mandela be remembered for?Alana Logan's answer to How was Nelson Mandela?The Heart of Communism......Much has been said about the social analysis of Marxism, but as a Christian, I want to look at the heart of Communism. Beneath all the philosophical verbage and political rhetoric, what is the driving force of Marxist-Leninism?Vladimir Lenin wrote:"Atheism is the natural and inseparable par of Communism"...Lenin: "We must hate. Hatred is the basis of Communism"Che Guevare: "Hatred is an element of the struggle, a relentlrss hatred of the enemy.... transforming him into an effective, violent and selective cold blooded killing machine. A people without hatred cannot vanquish a brutal enemy".(It must be noted that the so-called "brutal enemy" is usually a tiny innocent minority, which has deliberately been demonised through deliberate indoctrination and deceit of the masses to incite murder).Karl Marx: "I wish to avenge myself against the one who rules above", (Avenge God for what? - That's like avenging an excellent father for giving you everything you have ever owned, including your life).