Corporate Tenant Rider: Fill & Download for Free

The subway system is the life blood of New York City. It is what allows almost nine million people to live there in relative harmony. More than anything else, it gets people to work quickly and efficiently. Everyone and every entity in New York is a stake holder in the success of the transit system. Therefore everyone and every entity should be responsible for its upkeep, it’s operational costs and its needed expansion. Manhattan, Brooklyn and Queens are experiencing huge growth in ridership without the concurrent increase in budget to keep the trains on time and without the funding for growth in the very overcrowded system. New York City’s corporate tenants who depend on millions of workers to get to their offices every day and on time should be required to help this system. They are major stakeholders, but I see no requirement that they contribute specifically to this need. Taxes are the only real way to deal with this. Raising the fare to completely pay for the system would literally cause the fares to be unaffordable. Since New York City is essential to the lifeblood of the entire country (and that is not a debatable point, so don’t bother) than the federal government should also put significant investment into the infrastructure of this system.The pros are many in helping this aging and ailing subway system.The subway is ecologically sound. It runs on electricity and moves millions of people around the city who would otherwise be in cars.It provides affordable means of transportation for everybody. From the grand dames of Park Avenue to the newly hired tech workers who can barely afford their rent.It unites the city, a city that wants to be socially stratified and segregated by class is brought together by the city subway system.One can travel from the Atlantic Ocean beaches of Brooklyn and Queens all the way to the gothic confines of the Metropolitan Museum’s Cloisters in northern Manhattan and further to the far northern reaches of The Bronx and Staten Island too…( Reference to I’ll Take Manhattan intended).It runs all night…24–7…the only major system in the world to do so. And that is a major lifeline to the hundreds of thousands of people who work at night or off shifts. They are major contributors to the economy and the subway system serves everyone.It keeps the streets and arteries relatively smooth flowing during rush hours because it removes so many millions of riders from the road.It is fun to ride…(most days)….because one can enjoy the people watching which is unparalleled in my book.The two major sports stadiums in New York receive most of their attendees by subway. Think of how many millions of people that is annually who would otherwise be crowding into cars and parking lots. The subway system is like a gigantic pressure release valve for the region.The fare is not structured…it is a single fare system. One can go 1 stop or 30 stops for the same reasonable price.Instead of treating this system like a poor stepchild in the life and strength of New York City, it should be prioritized and given a whole lot more attention and investment.The future of New York City depends on it.

Much would depend on if it’s with a small landlord or a corporation. The longer documents are typically found at corporate owned rentals. They have disclosures and rules/regulations you must sign off on. Special notices on parking, features, requirements etc. It typically is their corporate lawyer suggested a rider or form to add in. Once added in easier to leave it in than take it out. So rental agreements grow over time. My own rental agreements went from 3 pages at first to now over 10. New laws and regulations as well as rules inspired by past tenants issues.

The cowboy of western lore didn’t exist as depicted in films and TV shows. By and large a herder of cattle held just about the worst job there was. The labor, though skilled, was hard and frequently dangerous; the pay was lousy; working conditions severe. It was a job often taken by the most down-and-out, just a hair better than being a ditch-digger or town waddie, mucking out saloons, moving an outhouse over a new glory hole, or shoveling out a stable.After the Civil War, numerous men migrated west seeking their fortune. If they lacked the means, skills, or wherewithal to establish a homestead or start a business of any kind, they often drifted into herding or “cowboying” to make their way. The term “cowboy” wasn’t much used; and if it was, it was rendered in print as “cow boy,” referring to the idea that on the smaller ranches youngsters were often put in charge of the smaller herds, even when they were driven to markets in Galveston or elsewhere along the Gulf Coast, or to New Orleans. As the larger ranches developed, though, regular hands were hired on to manage the larger and more cumbersome herds. They were sometimes called “drovers,” “riders,” “cowhands,” or “cow punchers,” or eventually “cowboys,” a term that was actually made popular by Buffalo Bill in his Congress of Rough Riders and Wild West Show in the 1870s and forward. Buck Taylor is credited with being the first cowboy, so-called and so billed by Cody. Thus was born the more romantic image that became iconic.The work offered a cowboy was usually of three types. Temporary hands or day-workers would be hired on during the spring months to round up stray cattle and unbranded calves and bring them to a central location for branding and castration. Fall roundups were also done in various locations on larger ranches, some of which encompassed hundreds of miles of open prairie and grassland, with rivers, woodlands, mountains, breaks and badlands taken in. Early in the period, the cattle were effectively wild and had to be herded together. Unbranded calves were cut out for branding, young bulls were castrated, and they were then driven to market overland. Later, they were more domesticated, hybrids such as Herefords, and would be driven to railheads or centralized market locations for shipment. The process was still the same. Roundup work lasted only a few weeks, but it tended to pay decently (by the standard of the time) and offered “found,” which was “chuck” or food and a place to sleep, often. The proffered diet was simple, usually beans and bacon, biscuits or cornbread, stew or chili, and occasionally beef that might be taken from a slaughtered animal, although this wasn’t all that common. “Green” or freshly butchered meat from grass-fed cattle tended to be tough, stringy, and required severe cooking to make palatable. More often pork or chicken, wild game of various sorts would be the main fare if there was fresh meat at all. The second kind of work was the “drive,” which was a herding proposition and could take anywhere from weeks to months to drive a gathered and branded herd from a ranch to a market, eventually a railroad head in Kansas or Nebraska, or later to large ranching operations in Wyoming and Montana. From the railheads, then were loaded for shipment to the slaughter houses in St. Louis and Chicago. Cowboys hired on for the trail drive and would work to round up the cattle designated for market, brand and cut them, drive them from the point of origin to the shipping site, and then receive their pay, which they would often blow through in the saloons, casinos, and cat-houses of the small towns that served the railroads (Dodge, Abilene, Fort Hays, Wichita, etc.). Then they were released from employment and either made their way back home or drifted off elsewhere. The third type of work evolved later in the period, with permanent herders being hired on to work on a large ranching operations. They would reside in a bunk house, work for a single ranching enterprise, riding fence (once fences were established), wintering in line shacks strategically located so they could monitor the herds, assist any heifer who calved early in the season, and protect the cattle from bears, wolves, coyotes, large cats, and, of course, cattle thieves who predated on untended herds. In the spring, these same men worked the round-ups, moving herds from one pasture to another or to local railheads for shipment, and doing whatever laborious chores were associated with work around a large ranching enterprise. These chores could range from carpentry to even plumbing. These were regarded as “plum” jobs, as they paid regularly, if not well, provided regular meals and shelter, and offered a man the possibility of advancement in life if he was frugal and stayed healthy. (There was certainly no “health plan.” A cowboy who fell ill or was injured was simply let go. Troublemakers weren’t tolerated, and any cowboy who married generally left the work.)Although many cowboys owned their own saddles and basic tack (bridles, blankets, etc.) most didn’t own their own horses. Ranchers provided a remuda of mounts for their use. Often a cowboy might ride several horses in the course of a day’s work, although they tended to have their favorites selected from the remuda as time went forward. (Horses routinely need more rest, water, and fodder than Hollywood or TV would suggest.) They did not routinely carry side-arms, although these might be issued by a rancher if the need warranted. Indians and rustlers were not infrequent threats on a long trail drive. Many had access to carbine rifles or more often shotguns that they could carry with them to defend against predatory animals or venomous reptiles. Around the turn of the century, Thompson Sub-Machineguns were marketed to ranchers for defense against rustling, although few actually used them. Most cowboys could not afford to buy and maintain their own firearms. A quality revolver or rifle could cost as much as a month’s pay, and ammunition was dear. Those who did have weapons and wore them regularly were usually not well regarded; it’s very hard to hit any target from horseback, in the first place, and a holstered pistol is not a comfortable accessory to wear while riding a horse or working cattle in a roundup. Most cowboys were very good with lariats and ropes (there is a difference), and they often owned their own, which they also had to maintain, no small task in itself. Lariats were rawhide made, woven tight, stiff and tough. Roping was a primary skill that they absolutely had to master. Some were issued bullwhips, as well, if they were herding particularly wild cattle, and they became adept at using the whips from the saddle.On the whole, cowboys were largely poor white or black or Mexican-Americans. Indeed Spanish then Mexican vaqueros were responsible for many of the techniques of working cattle and contributed a great deal to the clothing, tack, and other accoutrements that are associated with cowboy imagery. Even the ten-gallon hate of western movie fame is adapted from the Mexican sombrero, and the western saddle developed from the Spanish design. Other items such as large-rowled spurs, saddle fenders, latigos, and certain types of bits were other additions from vaquero culture. Cowboys were often ignorant, illiterate, lacking in any kind of social skills or refinement. Many were criminals escaping a dubious past. Sometimes, they were mentally challenged individuals who had limited abilities. Very few had family ties locally; often they had no social connections whatsoever and drifted from job to job without permanent addresses. Many manumitted slaves, fleeing the Jim Crow South migrated into this work after the Civil War, and many of these established their own ranches and farms, eventually; some took up other enterprises, most especially swine farming, dairy farming, and other agrarian enterprises, including tenant farming and share-cropping, as alternatives to the nomadic cowboy life. Hispanic cowboys were more common in the southern districts of the country, of course, but they tended to be more skilled and better trained in bovine husbandry than many migrants from the eastern or southern climes. On the whole, though, about three out of five American cowboys of the period was an African American. As a general rule, their pay was the same as anyone else’s, although it was so low that it truly was hardly a significant distinction. There is almost no reliable information about segregation among trail drovers or round-up workers; however, black and Hispanic cowboys working permanently on a ranch, generally bunked and took their meals separately from whites.Cowboy clothing and accouterments were often rustic, crude and varied widely in style and type. They did favor large-brimmed headgear—as mentioned, the famed “ten-gallon” hat, made of felt, although it’s not unusual to see photographs of working cowboys wearing derbies, caps, plug hats, or other forms of headwear common to the period; Hispanic cowboys, as noted, often wore large sombreros, and in southernmost climes, straw hats were not unknown—leather or corduroy trousers, later denim, lace-up, knee high boots, as a rule (pull on, high-top “cowboy boots” were known but were not often well-regarded, as they tended to wear out fast and were uncomfortable to walk in. Cowboys did a lot more work on foot than most people imagine.), chaps of varying styles, cotton, gingham, or muslin shirts, a denim or fleece-lined jumper in cold weather, an oil-skin slicker to ward off rain, and a bandanna or kerchief that was large enough to cover the face and protect against dust and dirt, as well as to wrap around the back of the neck to ward off sunburn. More prosperous cowboys sometimes had a waistcoat or vest, frock coat, at least one collar and cravat to wear should the occasion call for it.As the century closed, cowboy life improved somewhat. There was a famous strike in 1883, wherein a group of twenty-four cowboys demanded better wages and working conditions, recognizing that “corporate ranching” was making huge profits off their underpaid laborers. As many as three-hundred Texas cowboys pledged to join the walk-out that affected between five and seven large ranching operations, and the strikers threatened all kinds of violence if the owners didn’t relent. In the end, there was no violence, most of those who threatened to walk out deserted the strike, and the owners made a small gesture of better wages to defuse the whole thing. (The event is celebrated in Elmer Kelton’s landmark novel, The Day the Cowboys Quit.)After the turn of the century, the cattle drives were over. The problems of Texas Fever, which had prevented wild Texas longhorns from being easily marketed and shipped without lengthy quarantine periods and delayed the introduction of blooded cattle to the state for decades) had been solved (discovering in the 1890s that the disease was caused by ticks and that a dipping process would end it.), the ranges were all fenced and established by then, and railroad access had obviated the need for cross-country drives. Cowboy work became more regular, with part-time, temporary workers often hired during ranch round-ups and permanent staffs of herders being hired and housed on individual ranches. Salaries continued to be low; the work continued to be hard and dangerous; and the job appealed, really, to the lowest common denominator of the available labor force, men who usually could ride and rope and handle animals but who had no other abilities or education.There were some exceptions to all of this. Teddy Blue Abbott became one of the more famous and literate and almost poetic cowboys of the era. And there were some, like Charles Goodnight or Oliver Loving or John Chisum or Daniel Waggoner or Burk Burnett, who established their own ranches and became both social and political forces in their communities or regions. Some ranches such as the 6666 or the XIT or the Matador or certainly the King Ranch became almost legendary in their size and financial success. The cattle business was the most important enterprise on the southern plains and also in Montana and Wyoming for half a century. Cattlemen wielded huge political power and influence in state and territorial legislatures, often maintaining their own police force and establishing control over grazing land and water rights. Once hybrid cattle were introduced (Hereford being among the first.) and the wild Texas Longhorn was more or less marketed to near extinction (At one point only about two dozen were left.), the breeding and raising of high beef-producing animals fed on corn rather than grass to increase fat content in rendered beef became a priority, and the value of even a single animal went up.There are still cowboys working on America’s ranches. These days, they more often rely on pickups, helicopters, and even motorcycles and ATVs rather than horses as their primary tools for herding. Most are better educated and more socially aware than were the nineteenth century refugees from the East and South and Mexico. Many have embraced the image of the cowboy as created by Hollywood and TV as their own, galvanized their own superstitions and traditions, and certainly the clothing and tack markets for cowboy styles have been adopted as authentic. But the era of the Old West Cowboy was truly a brief one, lasting less than fifty years, and no one at the time admired them as noble “knights of the plains “ or any such nonsense as was propagated by dime novelists and pulp fiction writers. They were low-echelon skilled laborers, men who commanded very little respect in their communities, and whose work, although essential to the beef industry, was not admired, even by the most romantic.