Written Medication Consent Form 4-09: Fill & Download for Free

As long as you have an internet connection, you can legitimately figure out how to make money online from anywhere in the world.Instead of scanning through Facebook, stalking your ex on Instagram, or determining which Hogwarts House you belong to via a BuzzFeed quiz, let’s get you doing something much more productive with your time.Whether you’re a stay-at-home mom with napping children, a college student in between classes, or someone with only part-time work, even the smallest window of opportunity will allow you to earn money online.To get you started, our team scoured the web, consulted other side hustle experts, wracked our brains, and drafted the most epic list of money making ideas for you to try, starting today.TABLE OF CONTENTSBest Ways to Make Money Online FastLow effort, low commitment, and without investment. The ideas in this section are all about quick ways to make money online (and better yet, you can try them all for free).1. Switch to a High-Yield Online Savings AccountDo you have money sitting in a savings account that’s paying less than .09% interest?best online savings account ratesIf so, or if you don’t have a savings account at all, it may be worth your time to spend a few minutes opening a high-yield online savings account.Online savings accounts usually come with substantially higher interest rates that will help grow your money faster — over 20 times higher than the national average.They can afford to do this because they don’t have to pay for brick-and-mortar bank locations, which drastically lowers their cost of conducting business. They then pass a portion of these savings to you, the customer, by offering great interest rates on their banking products.Better yet, on top of ultra-competitive interest rates, online banks often offer large one-time deposit bonuses to new customers. These deposit bonuses can reach as high as $500, with the only requirement being that a minimum balance be held to unlock the bonus.Once a predetermined holding period expires, usually 1-3 months, you’re free to withdraw your money along with the captured deposit bonus. Think of it like travel hacking, except you’re doing it with savings account deposit bonuses.If you’re interested in even higher returns, be sure to check out the best apps for investing money online.2. Participate in Market Researchman taking paid online surveys to make money onlineMarket research companies like to collect data on consumer trends and spending habits so major brands can learn how to better market their products.This research is most often conducted via online questionnaires, and they’re always on the lookout for new survey participants.If you’re a first-time survey taker, we recommend starting out with Swagbucks. They’re currently offering a free $10 sign-up bonus and they’re the largest legitimate survey site in the world.Here’s how Swagbucks works:✔️ Register: Build your profile (takes less than 5 mins).✔️Earn Rewards: Complete surveys and earn rewards in the form of “Swagbucks”.✔️Get Paid: Redeem your Swagbucks for PayPal cash deposits or e-gift cards.If you’ve ever spent time taking paid online surveys, you know that you can earn money online every month while sitting at home in your PJs. You won’t get rich, but a few minutes a day generally adds up to a few dollars, and few dollars a day is enough to cover a utility bill by the end of the month.Other survey sites we like include:Survey Junkie – Up to $45 per survey.Vindale Research – $1 sign-up bonus.If you’d like in-depth information about the survey sites before getting started, you can read more about them in their respective DollarSprout reviews.Swagbucks Review | Survey Junkie Review | Vindale Research Review3. Leverage Gig Appsiphone screen with money making appsInaction is often the byproduct of not keeping things simple. In short, stop looking all over the place for some weird way to make money and just get started with something.An easy way to do exactly this is to leverage money making apps. Top trusted online earning sites, such as Lyft and Postmates, are just two of the many gigs where all you need is a smartphone and vehicle to get started. These companies on connect people looking to make extra money with consumers who need their services.If someone needs a ride somewhere, you give them a ride through Lyft.If someone can’t go grocery shopping, you grab their grub and deliver it to them through Postmates.No exhausting job search. No interviews. Just an application and a background check and you’ve got yourself a new side hustle in just a few days’ time.How to get started with Postmates:First, start by downloading the Postmates app and following the setup instructions.Once you’re accepted into the driver fleet, Postmates will send you a free delivery bag and prepaid card so you can get started.Postmates requirements:Be at least 18 years of age.Motor vehicles used for delivery must be properly insured.You can deliver via car, truck, van, motorcycle, scooter, bicycle, or even by foot.You must consent to, and pass, a background check.An Android or iOS device capable of running the app.Next, watch this short video by Jon from The Rideshare Guy. He does an excellent job explaining the ins and outs of the app and shares a few tips on how to earn money online with Postmates’ surge pricing feature.Be strategic about the number of orders you take on and where you deliver to. Subtle changes in your delivery routine can make or break your expected hourly earnings.Strategies that can boost hourly earnings include:Stacking multiple deliveries within a one-hour period.Keeping track of high ROI areas in your town.Leveraging blitz pricing and otherwise high-volume order times.Being personable and delivering order receipts in person (increasing the likelihood of receiving a tip).* Postmates is available in many, but not all, cities. Check Postmates’ homepage to see available cities near you.4. Cash in on Sign-Up Bonusesearn money online by cashing in on sign up bonuses and introductory offersWant $15 for a few minutes of your time? Of course you do.Lucky for you, rewards sites like Rakuten (formerly Ebates) and Dosh can make that happen. These sites offer cash incentives for people to download their apps.What’s the catch? None, really. The above apps, and other cash back apps like them, act as affiliates for online merchants. Whenever you make a purchase through one of the apps, they get a small commission from the store. They then pass a portion of that commission back to you as “cash back”.Example #1: You buy a pair of Nike shoes through the Rakuten app. Rakuten gets a $10 commission because you purchased the shoes through them, but then they give $7 of it back to you. It’s basically a way to get sale prices on things that aren’t otherwise on sale.Better yet, you can sometimes double (or even triple) dip and use the apps on top of normal store sales and coupon offers.Example #2: Nike has a site-wide 20% off sale. Rakuten offers an additional 8% off and you have a store coupon code, for $10 off, that you found on the internet. A $60 pair of shoes suddenly comes in at $36. Not bad.Rakuten credits a $10 sign-up bonus after making $25 of qualifying purchases within 90 days.Dosh offers a $5 bonus issued instantly after you link a credit or debit card to the app.Since they’re free, we recommend signing up for both. Any time you go to make an online purchase, just compare deals between the apps and use the best one.For more information on the cash back apps (along with savvy hacks for earning more money), check out their respective reviews.Rakuten Review | Dosh Review5. Try TrimThe Trim App can save you hundreds of dollars per year on common expenses, and it does it all automatically.They say a penny saved is a penny earned.That same adage looks a lot better when those pennies are replaced with dollars. And while this next app doesn’t exactly allow you to make money per se, it’s importance can’t be understated.Enter Trim. An app that can save you hundreds of dollars a year with almost no effort on your part.How is this possible?Well, Trim starts by taking a look at your monthly spending and then looks for places where you’re overspending — like abnormally high bills or subscriptions you forgot about.You might be surprised to see how much you’re spending on things you don’t really need.The best part about Trim is that it can actually lower your bills.Once the app shows you all the subscriptions you spend money on, you pick the ones you want to cancel and Trim does it for you. Next, the app goes after those high bills and actually reaches out to the companies on your behalf to negotiate a lower payment.There’s almost nothing in this world that we hate more than high bills and elevator music. Let Trim handle both for you.6. Make Money Online by Watching Videosget paid to watch videos onlineI mentioned Swagbucks earlier as a reputable survey site, but it turns out that taking surveys isn’t the only thing they’ll pay you to do.You can also make money online with Swagbucks by watching short, ad-like videos on a wide variety of topics (like entertainment, news, sports, and more).Perks include:A $10 sign-up bonus for new usersThe ability to watch videos on your computer, tablet, or mobile phoneA wide array of entertaining clips from leading content sitesAgain, it’s probably fair to assume you won’t get rich by doing this, but setting your phone down and letting the videos play through on silent seems like a pretty easy way to make money online to us.7. Earn Money Online by Surfing the Webearn money online by using the inboxdollars search engineInboxDollars is a market research company that pays you to use their search engine instead of some of the more prominent ones like Google and Bing.The idea here is that they will learn more about people search habits and uncover patterns that may be valuable to companies trying to better understand consumers.InboxDollars isn’t a get-rich-quick scheme, but if you’re wanting to know how to make money online for free, it never hurts to earn a few extra bucks for searching the web like you normally would.Here’s how InboxDollars works:$5 sign-up bonus for new users.You get $0.15 for every 29 qualified searches you complete.Get $0.05 each time you enter searches on 4 or more days in a week (Gold Members get $0.10).Want to learn more about InboxDollars? Check out our InboxDollars Review.8. Download the Nielsen Appdownload the nielsen mobile app and earn $50 per year you have it installedHave you heard of Nielsen, the company that tracks TV ratings? Turns out they collect data on a lot more than just TV.One area they’re really into is internet usage research.What does that mean for you? It means Nielsen will pay you $50 a year to keep their app on your favorite internet-browsing device.The app itself collects statistics on your internet usage anonymously, so you never have to worry about any data being linked to you.How the Nielsen Computer & Mobile Panel works:Noninvasive, requires little storage space, and won’t impact device performanceAfter you’ve installed the app, just use the internet as normalYou’ll earn $50 for the first year you have the app installedNielsen tries to sweeten the deal by giving away $10,000 each month in addition to various other rewards and sweepstakes.9. Get Your Workout Onsweatcoin homepageMobile app creators have found a way to monetize every subject on Earth. The fitness industry is no different.While most apps try to get you to spend money, some apps have built-in ways to make extra money.Companies like Sweatcoin and Achievement (formerly Achievemint) have developed apps that collect data about your physical activity and “pay” you for that data. (The apps sync with the existing health apps on your smartphone or smartwatch so they’re not any more intrusive than what’s already on your phone.)Using them is easy. All you have to do is download one of apps and let it passively run in the background.Users will then collect points for daily activities such as walking or running, among various other workouts. The points (or sweatcoins) have cash value and can be redeemed by withdrawing through major e-wallets like PayPal.sweatcoin logo● Daily earnings cap of $5 for their free plan.● Paid versions of the app allow users to earn $20 per day or more (free 30-day trial for any of their 5 paid plans).● Earning with the app is more hands off.● 5 free sweatcoins for referring family or friends.achievement logo● Offers a more diverse range of ways to earn points.● From posting health-related tweets and logging food intake, to completing surveys and tracking workouts, virtually every activity with a health tie-in can be tracked.● 10,000 points is redeemable for $10.● 100 free points for referring family or friends (max 20 referrals).Our advice? Get both and let them passively run. You won’t get rich, but daily upkeep with the apps will net you $20-$50 per month — a fair price for allowing them to track something that is tracked by Apple or Google on a daily basis anyway.If you’re really serious about shedding some pounds, you can use your winnings from Sweatcoin and Achievement to fund a weight loss bet.With HealthyWage, users select a goal weight loss, place a bet, and choose a timeframe for achieving their goal weight. Their proprietary algorithm determines your payout, which can reach as high as $10,000.alicia m won $2,421 with her healthywage betThe process is pretty simple:1. Use the HealthyWage Prize Calculator to determine your prize amount.Using the HealthyWage calculator, decide how much weight you want to lose (minimum 10% of your starting weight), how much money you’re willing to bet ($5 to $995 per month), and how long you need to reach your goal (6 to 18 months). Play with the numbers using the HealthyWage calculator until you’re satisfied with your prize.2. Sign up for an account to place your bet.You’ll need to answer a few questions about yourself (height, weight, waist size, etc.)3. Verify your weight.Don’t head to the gym yet! Your weight loss timer doesn’t start until you verify your weight. In fact, you’ll need to do this at least twice — once when you place your bet and again at the end of your wager period. Verification can be done from home by uploading a video to the HealthyWage website.4. Lose weight, win money.If you accomplish your weight loss goal, HealthyWage will pay you via PayPal or paper check. If you don’t reach your goal weight, your monthly contributions will be used to support HealthyWage and pay future winners.To learn more, visit our HealthyWage review or their Frequently Asked Questions page.10. Sell Used Itemssell unused items to make extra money onlineSelling unused or unwanted items at market has been around since the dawn of time. The only difference now is where that selling takes place.For a good many of us, the thought of stepping outside and actually speaking to another human is a scary proposition. On the other end of the spectrum, there are certain people that get a rush out of negotiating a good deal on the sale of an item.Tips on getting the most money for your used items:Look at the fees. Some online platforms can charge listing, sale, and other assorted fees that cut into profit.Weekends are the time to sell (post payday).Time of day matters. Don’t have online auctions end at obscure hours.Always set the price of an item at the top-end of its value range.Sell high-value, high-margin items online (larger pool of prospective qualified buyers).Spend time on your item description. Studies have repeatedly shown that great item descriptions increase final selling price.Create urgency. Subtle words or phrases in your listing such as “one of a kind”, “rare”, and “limited time only” if applicable have been shown to increase sale price and conversion rate.Where to sell items online:Facebook Marketplace. Not the most flashy but sometimes simple is best. No listing fees, deal locally, quick turnaround times.eBay or Etsy. Large marketplaces mean more eyeballs. If your target audience isn’t on a small platform, there is reduced competition for your item.Cash offering apps like Decluttr. While you won’t make as much as you may in a private sale, cash offer apps produce an immediate cash quote for your item and quickly pay you upon delivery of the item to one of their shipping centers (good for low-end electronics).BookScouter. Like Decluttr, the online bookstore gives immediate cash quotes for textbooks and other scholastic goods. BookScouter allows you to submit a book’s ISBN to 42 different vendors so you can see who is offering the most for your book.If you have unwanted, good-condition items laying around your house just collecting dust, get rid of them. Think of them as depreciating assets that are losing value daily.11. Get Paid to Test Websiteshow to get paid to test websitesWebsite testers give their opinions on websites, including the design, quality, and ease of use of a site. This allows companies to make changes to their websites in order to provide a better experience for their users (and hopefully increase sales).Of course, they are willing to pay for your feedback, which makes this one of the easiest ways to make money online without paying anything yourself.A few sites for getting started include:UserTesting: $10 for every 10 to15-minute test completed.WhatUsersDo: $8 for 15 to 20-minute tests. You’ll need a microphone.User Conversion: $10 per study. Get started in as little as 5 minutes.Other website testing sites include Enroll, UTest, UserFeel, TryMyUI, and Userlytics.See Also: 8 Ways to Get Paid to Test Products at HomeHow to Make Money Online as a FreelancerWe’re picking up the pace now. These online side hustles require a bit more effort, and often a small upfront investment, but your income potential is significantly higher.12. Become a Freelance Writerhow to make money freelance writingThe term “starving artist” definitely does not apply here. There are many successful freelance writers out there who’ve used their business to replace their full-time job.You don’t need a background in English or writing to make it as a successful freelance writer.For instance, Holly Johnson from Club Thrifty started doing freelance writing on the side with no real background, and now makes over $200,000 per year from her writing.She recently put together a free workshop where she teaches others how to get started earning money online with writing.How to Build a Six-Figure Writing Career:Learn the techniques Holly’s used to build her writing income to over $200,000/year.Get actionable tips to get your foot in the door and increase your income over time.Gather positive testimonials and expand your online presence.The course itself has three tiers, each with different perks. The base tier comes in at $199 — a fair price when considering the earnings potential of landing just a few regular clients. It’s not free, but Holly’s knowledge is second to none.13. Become a Freelance Proofreaderproofread anywhere courseDoes the incorrect use of there, their, and they’re drive you crazy? Put your eagle eyes to good use by earning money as a proofreader.Caitlin Pyle of Proofread Anywhere made $43,000 her first year as proofreader, in her spare time, while studying abroad. Impressive, right?Once she realized demand for the skill was high — far too high for one proofreader to fill — she created an online course to help others start their own proofreading business.She also has free workshops almost every day.In Caitlin’s free workshop, you’ll learn:What a successful proofreader does (and doesn’t do)How to elevate your skills to become a successful proofreaderWhere to find high-paying proofreading clientsIt’ll take a few weeks to learn the course material, and likely a few more to start acquiring clients, but talk about flexible. From working at home and setting your own hours, to choosing your workload and setting your own rates, it’s hard to beat a lifestyle that you have full control over.14. Become a Virtual Assistant (VA)Writing and proofreading aren’t for everyone. Some people prefer more administrative or data-oriented tasks, which is exactly the role of a virtual assistant.Businesses use virtual assistants for things like booking travel, answering emails, social media management, email management, and more.As a virtual assistant you can choose which services to offer clients and at what rates. The more value you can provide, the more you can charge.Some stats about VAs:The average North American virtual assistant earns between $35 and $50 per hour.There has been a 95% increase in demand for VAs over the last three years.There are over 150 different services you can offer as a VA.here are over 150 different services you can offer as a virtual assistantThe great thing about virtual assistant work is that it almost always opens the door to bigger and better opportunities.Be it an expanded or full-time role within the company you work for, a lateral transfer to a new company, or a huge leap forward because of the skills you learned on the job, VA work has quickly become one of our favorite ways to generate income online.15. Make Money Teaching English OnlineMake money teaching English online with VIPKID.Have you heard of VIPKID? Here’s a snippet from their site that explains a little more about them:VIPKID provides an international learning experience to children in China between the ages 4-12. Headquartered in Beijing, the company offers fully immersive one-on-one English language instruction provided online by highly qualified teachers. The curriculum is based on the U.S. Common Core State Standards and uses a flipped-classroom approach to foster creativity and critical thinking skills.For just 90 minutes a day, you can easily make over $500 per month. All you need is a Bachelor’s degree and English classroom experience.More information on VIPKID:VIPKID teachers make between $14 and $22/hour.All classes are taught online via webcam.Bachelor’s degree required for all teachersFor perspective, Forbes has VIPKID as the #1 work-from-home company on their list from 2018. That’s pretty high honors for the remote gig, and it speaks to the flexibility and legitimacy that VIPKID offers as an online income opportunity.16. Become a Web Designerhow to make extra money as a web designerIf you have a knack for computers and an eye for design, you can easily make $1,000 or more each month by building websites for small businesses.We paid a designer over $6,000 to custom code our website theme. From branding and color schemes, to ease of use and user satisfaction, web designers are the ones responsible for bringing a website to life.If you’d like to learn more, check out this article by Creative Market on how to become a web designer.Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator are essential pieces of software you’ll need to master, and proficiency in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are a must.If this sort of geek-speak inspires you, a career in web design is right up your alley.17. Become a Transcriptionisthow to make money online as a transcriptionistAlong the same lines as online freelance writing or proofreading, transcription is a service-based skill that allows you to make money online from anywhere in the world.Also alluring about the location-independent job is the fact that you can often start with very little or no prior experience, and the pay is relatively generous.Transcribed material is typically derived from one of three categories: general, medical, and legal.Companies that conduct in business in the medical or legal realms may require that you have some knowledge or experience in the respective field.Transcription FAQsWhat does a transcriptionist do?Most often, transcriptionists are independent contractors who listen to audio (or video) files and then transcribe the spoken word into written content. This most commonly appears in the form of typists creating electronic content, but some companies need handwritten material depending on the arrangement.How much do transcriptionists make?Hourly figures typically range between $10-$20 per hour for beginners and $20-$30 per hour for intermediate and advanced transcriptionists.What equipment do I need?Most freelance transcription jobs require a quality headset, stable internet, and a laptop or PC with word-processing software. Other optional equipment includes an ergonomic desk and chair, typing-software enhancements like TextExpander, and a dictionary of common Medical or Legal terms.How can I get started?Jumping into the field is relatively simple. Most prospective transcriptionists start by taking an online transcription course that teaches them the skills necessary to perform common job duties. Companies, such as Transcribe Anywhere, offer classes that teach students the basics of general, medical, or legal transcription, and just as importantly, how they can go about finding clients for work.Transcribe Anywhere recommends a self-paced study time of 2-4 months for their General Transcription: Theory & Practice™ course, but motivated students can complete the course in a shorter time if desired. “Levels” for their flagship courses range from $127 to $697.Want to learn more but can’t commit to a paid course? Transcribe Anywhere also offers free mini-courses in general transcription and legal transcription to see if either field is right for you.Ideas for Starting an Online BusinessIf you are looking to earn serious income online, it might be worth going “all in” and starting your own online business.In most cases, owning an online business won’t help you get rich overnight. And further complicating the matter is that most businesses require real skills, a significant time investment, and most likely a cash investment, too.If we haven’t scared you away yet, here are a few options that can eventually lead to a full-time income online.18. Start a Blogchart of monthly blog revenue Do you feel like you have a message to the world, but don’t have a platform to deliver it?Maybe it’s time for you to start a blog.DollarSprout started in a small apartment as an outlet for two college buddies to talk about all things personal finance. Fast forward a few years and DollarSprout is now a team of entrepreneurial money nerds helping to educate others on the topic of money management.What started as an online side hustle turned into a full-fledged business endeavor.Here are some of the many ways bloggers make money online:Selling advertising spacePromoting affiliate products and earning commissionsSelling their own digital products and coursesSponsored content, and more.Starting a blog is easy, but turning your blog into a successful business takes months to years of hard work, patience, and a continual willingness to learn.If blogging sounds like the side hustle (or full-time business) of your dreams, we’ve put together a helpful guide to get you started.Here’s a quick rundown of the process:1️⃣ Find your niche. Start with something you’re passionate about (no need to be an expert).2️⃣ Set up your blog. We recommend HostGator (it costs as little as $2.75/mo).3️⃣ Start writing content that helps readers solve a problem.4️⃣ Build an audience. Pinterest is a great starting point.5️⃣ Start to Monetize. Ads, affiliate marketing, products — it’s up to you!Want to see how we built a $1,000,000+/year blog?In this FREE 7-day email course, you'll join 50,000+ other readers in:Seeing the exact steps we took to earn our first $1,000 blogging (and beyond).Starting your own blog (and learning how to write epic, money-making content).First NameEmail AddressWe use this field to detect spam bots. If you fill this in, you will be marked as a spammer.SIGN ME UPCourse delivered courtesy of Breaking The One Percent.19. Make Money with Facebook AdsMan sitting on couch running a Facebook ads business from homeFacebook ads — we’ve all seen them. Thousands of times even.A new pair of shoes. A new car. Whatever item you merely thought about just 3 minutes prior. (Seriously, they’re creepy sometimes.)But have you ever stopped to think about the other side of the equation? Like, who is responsible for creating the oh-so-good looking ads that you see and just have to click on?Odds are, it’s someone just like you. It’s not like you learn how to create Facebook ads in school. It’s a post-secondary skill that you learn through lots of trial and error, or by having a mentor to guide you through the process.The best Facebook ad creators are ones that can put themselves in the shoes of a prospective buyer and sell them on a story. A story that helps a customer envision themselves using a product, and one that doesn’t end until they hit the “buy” button.What exactly do Facebook ad specialists do?Facebook ad specialists help businesses get more customers and sales.facebook ads appThink about how many local businesses are in your area (not giant retailers like Walmart or Dick’s Sporting Goods, but local coffee shops, chiropractors, law firms, etc.).Chances are, most of them are not taking advantage of Facebook advertising.These businesses may have a Facebook page, but most are not using them effectively to attract more clients or drive more sales via paid advertising.That’s where you can come in as a Facebook ads specialist. The best part about this work-from-home job in addition to its flexibility is that learning the art and skill of Facebook ads isn’t impossible. Anyone can pick it up and secure their first client within a month.Local Facebook ads experts help their clients with:Creating Facebook ads based on business goalsReaching their target audience/clienteleManaging advertising budgets and monitoring campaignsSplit testing ad variations to get the highest ROI (return on investment)How much do Facebook marketers make?This all depends on the results that you can deliver for your clients. Most Facebook ad agencies — even one-man shows — will usually charge a monthly retainer as their “management fee” for managing the ads.It’s industry standard to charge anywhere from $1,000 – $2,000 per month per client, and you don’t need any website or marketing experience to get started. This is in addition to the ad spend itself, which obviously goes directly to Facebook.As you bring on more clients and build a reputation in your community for delivering outstanding results, your income can quickly increase. It only takes a handful of clients to start building a full-time income.How to become a local Facebook marketer:The FB Side Hustle Course will show you how to manage Facebook ads for local businesses, step by step.In the course, you’ll master the three phases of building your work-from-home Facebook ads business:Learning how to set up a Facebook ad system for a local businessHow to find prospects who will pay you for this serviceHow to convert those prospects into clientsIf you want to learn more about Bobby and Mike’s backgrounds and how they’ve built their Facebook ads business, you can check out their story here.20. Start a Drop Shipping Businesshow to make money drop shippingThe drop shipping business model is taking the internet by storm right now, and for good reason. It’s a legitimate way to make money online and requires very little startup cost.What is drop shipping?In the words of Shopify,Dropshipping is a retail fulfillment method where a store doesn’t keep the products it sells in stock. Instead, when a store sells a product, it purchases the item from a third party and has it shipped directly to the customer. As a result, the merchant never sees or handles the product.If blogging isn’t your thing but you still want to start an online business, starting an e-commerce site is another option to consider.If you didn’t gather from the Shopify explanation, the premise of drop shipping online is simple. You create a storefront, arrange product sales directly between a manufacturer and a consumer, and collect on the margins created by being a middleman.how to create an online shop with shopifyIf you get good at driving web traffic to your storefront (using paid methods like Facebook Ads), you can score a healthy ROI on high-margin products.In fact, there are dozens of people all over the world that have made tens of millions of dollars doing exactly this. Now, their results aren’t typical, but it goes to show that sometimes there is value in mastering a skill outside of a traditional career path.If interested, Shopify frequently offers free workshops designed to teach you the basics and how to get started.How to Earn Passive Income OnlineThe items in this section all require an up-front cash investment but offer the opportunity for your money to make you even more money — all online. If you are financially able to, building up passive streams of income is a key part of accumulating wealth.21. Earn Money as an Airbnb Hosthow to earn money as an airbnb hostIf you want to get your feet wet in the renting business, Airbnb is a great way to get started.If you own your home, or your landlord permits it, you can earn money online by sharing your home with others.Here’s how it works:Create a free listing: Describe your space, how many guests you can accommodate, and add photos and details.Pick your price: What you charge is always up to you.Get paid: You can be paid via PayPal, direct deposit, or wire, among other ways.So just how much money can you expect to make? According to Airbnb, the average host makes $6,000 per year. To get an even more accurate quote, check out Airbnb’s homepage.That’s a lot of money for letting someone else sleep in your house while you vacation or spend time elsewhere. More impressively, some hosts have made as much as $200,000 renting out their pad while living somewhere cheaper. If you’re apt to switch up living arrangements to make a little cash, this seems like a no-brainer way to do it.22. Invest in Crowdfunded Real EstateMany people consider real estate investing one of the best ways to accumulate wealth. The problem is, it usually takes a good bit of money to get started.Luckily, there’s a way to invest in real estate without buying entire properties yourself.Introducing Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS)A REIT is a pool of money, managed by financial professionals that goes towards investing in real estate. Investors put money into the REIT, the REIT buys properties, and the returns go back to investors.The best part? You don’t have to worry about handling the landlord duties.Most REITS still require a hefty investment to get in, but we found a place that has just a $500 minimum investment to get started. With Fundrise, you get access to dozens of solid, value-producing assets.How to make money online with Fundrise:Invest directly in a real estate portfolio that a team of professionals identifies, acquires, and manages on your behalf.8% to 12% expected annual returnsRead our Fundrise Review here or watch the video below.All-in-all, it’s an ultra easy way to diversify your investments and get exposure to a market that may have been previously inaccessible.23. Rent Out Your CarHow much downtime would you say your car has each week while you’re traveling, at work, sleeping, or just hanging out at home?According to Getaround, most cars in the U.S. sit idle for up to 22 hours per day. That’s 22 hours a day you can lend your vehicle to someone else and get paid to do it.how the car sharing service getaround worksAs a Getaround participant, you also get access to premium parking and a $50 monthly rental credit in addition to the money you make renting out a vehicle.With $1 million in insurance coverage, your property is in good hands.To get started, just register for a free account, name your car, set the location and availability, and enter a description.If you decide to stick with Getaround after the 30-day free trial, you’ll pay a one-time fee of $99 for a Connect™ installation and a flat fee of $20 per month. The Connect™ allows renters to locate and unlock your car straight from the app so you don’t have to deal with lost or stolen keys. It also comes with added security features like tamper detection, GPS tracking, and engine lock.You’ll also get a digital key so you can access your car any time and unlock it from your phone. If you ever have issues, Getaround is there for you with 24/7 roadside assistance and customer support.Rental earnings accrue on a monthly basis and are paid on the 15th of the following month. Getaround keeps 40% of all earnings to cover the costs of insurance, 24/7 support, and other perks.Visit here to try Getaround free for 30 days.24. Invest in Dividend-Paying StocksIt’s been said that the average millionaire has seven streams of income. Dividend stocks are usually one of them.What are dividend stocks?invest in dividend paying stocksUsually when you buy stocks, you do it with the intent to buy low and sell high. Dividend stocks work the same way, but with one other benefit: just for owning the stock, you get a small portion of the company’s earnings.So with dividend stocks, you get paid when the stock goes up in value, and when dividends are paid out.If you are looking to get started with dividend investing, or any stock market investing, consider checking out Acorns. It’s a beginner-friendly app that can help you get started with investing using just your smartphone.Better yet, Acorns is now offering a $5 sign-up bonus if you open a new account. After registering, Acorns will deposit a free $5 into your account to give your investments a head start.25. Try Peer-to-Peer LendingIf you have cash on hand and are looking for a high-interest rate investment outside of your retirement account, consider peer-to-peer lending (AKA P2P Lending).What is peer-to-peer lending?Peer-to-peer lending is a financial system that matches prospective borrowers with investors that are willing to fund their loans. It’s like traditional lending but without a bank as the middleman. As an investor, you take the bank’s place in the equation and collect interest payments on the process.how lending club worksHow much money can you make?It depends on what types of loans you invest in and how much money you invest with. If you play it safe, you can expect to make 2-5% per year, whereas riskier loans can pay as high as 12% or more.Lending Club is one of the largest online P2P Lending marketplaces:Open an account and transfer as little as a $0.01 minimum initial deposit.Build your portfolio: Invest in a range of loans in increments as little as $25.Get paid: Receive monthly payments as borrowers repay their loans.99% of Lending Club investors with a 100+ note portfolios earn positive returns.When the interest rates of cash equivalents (short-term bonds, money market funds, etc.) are depressed, peer-to-peer lending presents a profitable alternative to just letting your cash sit idly by.

09-01–019, wednesday morning I had visited a skin Dr at Tamilnadu Govt big GH general hospital, opposite to Chennai Central railway station, for my skin with plenty of itching at both lower legs front portion with 100s of different colored spots on each leg. For the past 10 days I have this skin condition with heavy itching. Not even once, I had scrapped my skin. Female mosquitoes bite me and my family members. Winter here. Winter itch?Skin Dr prescribed me Zinc Oxide skin cream, CPM tablet, vitamin tablet, after 10 minutes of consultation. Everything free. Started applying skin ceram along with water mixed, on my lower front legs. Itching as well as hundreds of spots dots vanished just within 2 days. That white thick Zinc cream is not going out of my skin so easily. It sticks to the skin.India is blessed with very very very less skin cancer (consolidated data not available). Hence nothing to worry on skin cancer in India. Melanin and Eumelanin present in Indians, are the protective barrier against sun UV rays radiation. Melanin chemical formula C18H10N2O4. Eumelanin chemical formula C23H20N4O8S2. Melanin transforms photon energy into chemical energy through the dissociation of water molecule similar to plants' chlorophyll. Skin cancer is just less than 1% of all cancers in India, against the world average of 30 to 40%? SCC, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, is roughly 60 % of all skin cancers in India. Melanoma cases are projected to be 55,000 approx. cases per year. No proper statistics of skin cancers in many countries including India (inadequate data registering). Melanoma originates in the melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin. Melanoma and all skin cancers can be cured if detected at a very early stage.(But in India, tobacco is used in many forms, like chewing and swallowing raw tobacco, nose snuff powder, cigar, mava oral [tobacco powder plus white lime powder], beedi, cigarettes, gutka, betal nut shavings, scented betal nut small crackings roasted, beedas, pan parack, pan masala, jardha, etc. Also alcohol drinking is very heavy in India. The pity is Tamilnadu state government itself is selling alcohol to the public for raising state funds and at the same time making hole in stomach of Tamilians. What an wonderful idea of creating ill health to humans. Moreover public nuisance. Passive smoking is there in public, even though smoking in public is banned namesake. Hence other cancers are widely prevalent in India. Pollution also matters. Indians have the fine habit of spitting the remains of the chewing, everywhere in the public places making them more artful and beautiful. Unstoppable.)I love, like my skin. I kiss, lick, suck my skin and I get self motivated with pleasure. Just prior to this answering I did that. Informations, valuable details are pouring in. What is the use. I have tons of details on skin cancer to occupy up the complete, entire Quora allocated on the topic skin cancers . Who can read that. People will read only when they get in contact with skin cancer. Out of necessity. Skin cancer is not like a (photo of a fair woman + fenugreek + good english on skin beauty + etc., which attracts 50k + views and 20k + upvotes, or a photo of woman sitting on western toilet closet + good english on not using a cell phone to avoid many diseases.) Only thing, the many confusing statistics on skin cancers does not tally. Or lack of genuine statistics. Can not help it. Hence live with it.I have written some answers for fatty livers and the response from Quorans was not that remarkable. One in 7 humans have fatty liver on earth. Yet poor response from Quorans. I am not OK. My answers are not OK. That is it. Lengthy, Not attrractive.Mainly 3 types of skin cancers. BCC, SCC, Melanoma. BCC Basal Cell Carcinoma. SCC Squamous Cell Carcinoma. These 3 account for more than 99% of skin cancers on earth. Melanoma is the least of the three, but aggressive than others. Deaths due to melanoma is much more than other skin cancers.Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Markel cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, spindle cell tumors, sebacious carcinomas, microsystic andexal carcinoma, paget's disease of the breast, atypical fibroxanthoma, leiomyosarcoma, angisarcoma, cutaneous lymphoma, various types of sarcomas, etc., are other less common types of skin cancers accounting for just less than 1%.New treatment for BCC, SCC, if detected at early stage only, upto 3mm depth. Easy Topical radio isotope Rhenium 188 radioactive paste painless non invasive personalised brachytherapy without anaesthesia for 30 minutes to 3 hours after application. Patients sit or lay after application. Not meant for melanoma. Not even meant for late detected BCC, SCC, as in countries like India where skin cancer awareness is almost nil. Not meant for minors, pregnant women. Short time. Practical. Can be applied to many places, multiple leisons, at the same time. Safety Shields for both patient and applying clinicians. Fast healing period. No stress treatment. Convenience for old, aged persons mainly. Restored functionality. Aesthetics of skin, after treatment, without much of scarring. 1 to 3 times treatment. Approved in Europe, South Africa. Origin of innovation Italy, Germany, France, UK. Patient should be under observation for 3 years. Recurrence is not there. General opinion, still very large scale trials are needed. Marking the leison area suitably with dermatological pen, covering up with a special protective foil on the leison, applying Rhenium 188 radioactive paste compound on the special protective foil through special applicator, carpoules, specially designed brush, along with suitable shields for patient and clinicians. Beta radiation triggers local direct death of skin cancer cells. The innovaters claim that healthy skin tissues cells will not be killed. Added to this, the innovaters claim that local reactions of the immune system of the human body is activated to repair itself. Let us hope for best. Promising. At the same time countries like India should and must educate its citizens for early detection of skin cancer like ABCDE system, as in western countries. A responsibilty missed out.Like any other area India lacks research, resources, technology, awareness among Indians, with respect to skin cancer. Machines, consumables, etc., are to be imported at very exhorbidant rate, cost. Sometimes used machines are imported. Like India buying 283.5 meters 930 feet overall length aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov from Russia along with extensive upgrade and commissioning on 16-11-2013, at hefty 2.35 billion USA Dollars, with Indian Name INS Vikramaditya.Out of necessity, research on skin cancer is predominant at Australia and Newzealand as skin cancers are highest in these 2 countries in the world. Edith Cowan University, ECU, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia, innovated to detect melanoma before it spreads. Early detections have a sure chance of curing as well as increased survival chances, rates. Exciting. A potential screening tool. A blood test, less invasive, world first. A break through. More accurate to 79% to 81.5%. But results have to be carefully interpreted with caution, potentially with a full skin check by dermatologist. Not 100% accurate. Not meant for BCC, SCC. Yet promising. Connected with biomarkers, antibody, autoantibody. Examined a total of 1627 different types of antibodies to identify a combination of 10 protein antibodies that best indicate a presence of melanoma (with high level vigorous statistical analysis and modelling). The 10 protein antibodies are produced by human body in response to melanoma. That combination shall give most accurate result for melanoma. The test needs further trials, studies, research for 3 years and 5 years to use in the public.Pembrolizumab (generic name), Keytruda, chemical formula C6534H10004N1716O2036S46, the wonder but very expensive intravenous drug (30 minutes) for unresectable or metastatic melanoma, an IgG4 isotope antibody kappa immunoglobin (recombinant produced in chinese hamster overy cells CHO), monoclonal humanized antibody, to be administered once in 3 weeks, may be for 2 to 3 years, depending upon the side effects or and acceptable toxicity or disease progression, etc. Keytruda interacts with other drugs. Keytruda treats many other cancers also. A BRAF V600E inhibitor. An anti PD-1 or CD279 programmed cell death protein-1, immunotherapy. Approved in India. MSD Merck Sharpe Dohme have a scheme at 30% cheap rate. But in USA it is 40 USA Dollars under Merck's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme PBS or 50 USA Dollars under Prescription Hope Scheme, per set. Whether Merck can extend such scheme to India, I do not know. Otherwise it is 150,000 USA Dollars per year. That means 1,05,00,000 indian rupees per year. More than a crore rupees per year. Lots and lots of side effects. Antineoplastic agent. Sterile, preservative free, lyophilized powder, diluted for intravenous infusion. Immuno oncology therapy. Previously known as MK3475, Lambolizumab. It blocks the protective mechanism of cancer cells. 40% success? Expected to help the human immune system. Identify and selectively combat only cancerous cells, instead of aggressively attacking cancer cells and risking healthy tissues in the process. Keytruda is the currently the world's best top selling cancer drug in the past 2 years. Merck surged ahead by 35.8% in 2018. At the same time MSD is helping many, at very very low price of 40 USA Dollars per dose per 3 weeks. We want that at India too.Skin cancer prevention. Seek shade from 10AM to 4PM. Do not get sun burnt. Avoid tanning. Never use UV tanning beds. Cover up with clothing full sleeves, high brimmed hat, UV blocking sun glasses, etc. Every month head to toe thorough self check up in front of 2 opposite full sized mirrors (or one full size mirror + one hand mirror) with adequate lighting. Use torch flash lights. Concentrate on hidden areas like back, anus, toes, in between toes, knee backs, lower legs backs, butts, sole of feet, groins, genitals, armpits, top of head, head back, neck back, etc. If needed seek help of others. Note any change in color, size, shape, borders of spots, moles. Take photos or selfies with dates for comparison, records. Especially average Australian and Newzealander have more than 50 moles, spots. If a mole, spot is more than 5mm, then be watchful. Watch for warts, bumps, lumps, nodules, scar, leison, crusts, cysts, etc. ABCDE matters. Assymetry, Borders, colors, Diameter (size), Evolving (size, shape, shading, propelling, dynamic, texture, scaling, weeping, woozing, bleeding, visible ulceration, itching, tenderness, new redness, new swelling, texture, shiny, waxy, scaling, pain, etc). Pay attention to anything unusual in the entire skin. If any different thing is observed, immediately rush to dermatologist. Avoid sunny high mountain places. Average world skin cancer starting age 63 roughly.Causes, risk factors. Weakened immune system, ionising radiation, x rays, imaging scans, smoking, alcohol, sun exposure UV rays radiation, chronic non healing wounds, old age, immunosuppressive medications, HPV Human Papilloma Virus infections, bright light skin color, birthmarks, more moles, generic syndromes, rarely xeroderma pigmentosum inherited condition, toxic chemicals, occupational toxins, heavy pollution, arsenics, actinic keratosis (solar), actinic chelitis (farmer's lips), cutaneous horns, dysplastic nevi (atypical moles), preganancy, menopause, harmone surging, etc.Ozone depletion. Australians and Newzelanders suffer the most with skin cancers, as their countries are in the mid latitide and near to Antartica, wherein Ozone hole still persists. Plus their ancsetral British genetic make up also adds to this. Why the greed of British to usurp and occupy these 2 nature resources blessed countries. Hence Nature is punishing them, through skin cancers. Plus the fond urge to sun tan and recreate in the natural beautiful beaches. Plus their lighter skin. Plus they have an average of more than 50 moles / spots in their skin. Etc. All put together in cocktail and blend as skin cancers. Ozone layer on the earth’s stratosphere is not continuous, scattered at different altidudes from earth's surface. Very fee millimeters thick, say 3 to 5mm. Just filmy. Humans played with that ozone layer knowingly, unknowingly. Hence the depletion of Ozone, at some regions over the earth with big holes. Ozone layer filters Sun UV rays radiation.Why the Nitrous oxide, the laughing gas, is not totally banned from earth, which attacks Ozone layer. Why heavy industrial, chemicals, toxins, CO2, etc., pollutions. Why the agricultural pollution with harmful fertilizers, pesticides, etc. So we can not rivert back to pre industrial revolution levels on pollution. Then let humans suffer along with all others like animals, plants, space, etc., with lots of ill effects created by the same humans. Humans the creators, spoilers, destroyers, sufferers, etc.Why fashion Tattooing. Invented long time back. Propagated only few decades back. Going high now. Why the natural human skin is spoiled through tattooing. What is the need. Hell with it. Especially very difficult for skin cancer specialists, dermatologists while treating skin cancers. Errors in skin cancer treatments. What a nice idea to propagate it as a fashion. A few people minting money on this. Ink complications, infections, toxic effects, scarring, burns, chronic irritation, side effects on immune system, skin cancer risk, etc. The ink goes more than skin deep. Long term effects. Carcinogenic chemicals. Unsafe equipments. A youthful decision with adult implications. Life threatening. Ink is injected deeper into dermis where nerves, blood vessels are located. A machine repeatedly drives several tiny needles with ink for about 1 to 4 mm deep in the skin. Open wounds that may easily be infected. Minimum 2 to 3 weeks to heal in healthy persons. Avoid swimming pools, beaches with fresh tattoos. Fresh ink + bright sun UV rays radiation + salty water + rough sand silica particles + micro organisms like bacteria, germs, fungus, virus, microbes, etc. + over enthusiasm + etc., a cocktail one can not stop. If not careful, a self trap, invitation for skin cancers. New tattoos are susceptible to sun burns. Supposing the sand particles trapped in the tattoos. Imagine the difficulty, in spite of rinsing. Hence ban tattooing. Impossible I say, similar to gun culture, gun lobby, gay culture, lgbt, licking anus, anal sex, alcohol consumption, drugs, regularising opiods, pain killers addiction, video games addiction, plastic addiction, etc., against nature. Current fashion matters. Pleasure matters. Carelessness, arrogance to the core. Avoid completey tattooing as well as swimming pools.Identifying, killing and eliminating skin cancer cells alone, can not be done. Like in any other cancer, one very big problem remains, which is not totally overcome. While killing skin cancer cells, by any therapy, healthy skin cells are also killed and eliminated. The toughest challenge in research, studies, trials, clinical trials, innovations, etc. Not completely 200% successful. Why 200%? Recurrance, after almost complete skin cancer cure, should also be stopped. Almost next to impossible. Yet the trials are on, continuing.Many therapies for skin cancer. ABCDE self analysis, once in a month or with someother‘s help, Once in 3 months visit to Dermatologist, Dermoscopy, External radiation therapy, Internal radiation therapy, Systemic Chemotherapy, Regional Chemotherapy, Biochemotherapy, Photodynamic therapy PDT, Immunotherapy or Biotherapy or Biologic therapy, Targeated therapy, Individualised therapy, Personalized therapy, Chemical peel, Dermabrasion, Chemical dermabrasion, Wide excision surgical therapy, Mohs micrographic surgery, Vaccines, Imiquimod medication Aldara by 3D's medical division (very very careful to follow Dr advice, Leaflet details, once opened apply and the remaining medicine should be thrown away carefully, lots of side effects, out of reach of children, etc), Electro dessication and curettage surgery, Brachtherapy, Teletherapy, Shave excision, Simple excision, Biopsy, Laser surgery, Cyrosurgery, Plesiotherapy, Adjuvant therapy, etc. Lots of details with each and every therapy are available. To write here needs lot of time. Quorans must have lot of patience to go through. Hence I skip it. All therpies, medications, etc., have very many side effects. After care, after complete cure is also utmost important, to find out and cure any recurrence.One nore important thing. Every treatment on skin cancer is being done with lots of interaction between the Doctors, Patient, Patient's near and dear. Clinical trials. This is part of on going research process on skin cancer. This may be, repeat, may be the beat treatment choice for all concerned. To find out if new treatments are safe and effective or better than the present existing treatments. Many of today's treatments are from clinical trials. Clinical Trial patients are the first to receive any new treatment. Patients can consent and enter Clinical trials before, after, during any regular skin cancer treatments.For any skin cancer treatment, the follow up regime is always needed even after complete cure, as advised by Drs.Skin color, Vitamin D, Sunscreen, SPF, Burn, Tan, Sun UVA, UVB, UVC rays radiation, Dermatologists / Oncologists, Other Doctors, Insurance Dollars / money, Ozone layers, Nitrous Oxide, Green house gas effects, CO2, Genetic factors, Biomarker, Free radicals, Anti oxidants, Oxidative stress, Antibody, Autoantibody, Human skin Immune system, Conflicting unconfirmed so called Statistics at random, Frightening media, Fashion Tattooing, Skin cancer cells, In-situ, Metastasis, Herbs, Home remedies, Clinical Trials, Myth, Reality, Hype, Hope, Misunderstandings, Misconceptions, Facts, Misinformations, Online details, Hefty heavy cost involved in cure, treatment, Agony, Awareness, Anxiety, Skin cancer scare, etc. a multi axis multi dimensional twists and turns.Aimed at younger women. Making use of fear. Fear is the key. Multibillion USA Dollar cosmetics industry business. De-evolution saying seek shade, Do not work under hot sun, Wearing sun screen with suitable SPF, Vitamin D supplements, etc. Darwinism in the reverse.

Jef Delvaux, a Ph.D. student in philosophy at York University, has undertaken the project of putting together a bibliography of writings by philosophers about the COVID-19 pandemic and related issues.The bibliography is divided into three sections: academic philosophy, written public philosophy, and non-written media. Mr. Delvaux notes that the bibliography is a work in progress, so perhaps further categorizations will be added at some point.Covid-19 & Philosophy: Towards a BibliographyThis bibliography is incomplete. Please consider sending me suggestions through e-mail: [email protected]. You can also reach me via Twitter. Hopefully I will be adding some kind of statement of intent in the near future.Academic PhilosophyMayEubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics Vol. 30 (4) May 2020Official Journal of the Asian Bioethics Association.Issue entirely dedicated to Covid-19.Table of ContentsWearing Masks in COVID-19 Pandemic, the Precautionary Principle, and the Relationships between Individual Responsibility and Group Solidarity by Darryl MacerJapan’s management of COVID-19 by Nader GhotbiEthical implications of ‘Rationing’ vs ‘Rationalization’ by Maria Patrão NevesRecognitive and redistributive claims in COVID-19 outbreak by Rogelio P. BayodRelationships between Sri Lankan culture, diets and COVID-19 disease control by Omalpe SomanandaA search for a COVID-19 cure in Siddha medicine by Dhastagir Sultan SheriffHealing mind & body by Mantras, Ayurveda & Yoga by Lakshmi VyasHow not to face coronavirus: the case of Spain by Manuel Lozano RodríguezWho is the most vulnerable during a pandemic? The social model of disability and the COVID-19 crisis by Christopher Ryan MabolocCybercrime pandemic by Marites V. Fontanilla3ndstage COVID-19 spread can be contained with HITT (hydrate, isolate, train, & test) and virtual contact by Osama RajhkanCOVID-19 and Healthcare professionals: The principle of the common good by Randy A. TudyNegotiating the “Good Death”: Saying Goodbye in the Time of COVID-19 by Zehra EdisanThe Economics of COVID-19 in the Philippines by Leandro S. EstadillaSocial Cohesion, Trust, and Government Action Against Pandemics by Marlon Patrick P. LofredoCOVID-19 Debates in Thailand by Ananya TritipthumrongchokCommentary on Tritipthumrongchok by Leonard H. Le Blanc, IIIWe need to work together to find a cure and vaccine for COVID-19 by Mei LuOzamiz Politics in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic by Gerry ArambalaRole of information and communication technology duringthe COVID-19 Pandemic by Dennis L. AlfaroApril04/29/20 - Michael A Peters, Philosophy and Pandemic in the Postdigital Era: Foucault, Agamben, Zizek, in: Postdigital Science and EducationPublished Online first04/01 - Dominic Wilkinson, ICU triage in an impending crisis: uncertainty, pre-emption and preparation, in: Journal of Medical Ethics.Published Online FirstEditorialTable of ContentsICU triageImpending crisisCentral quote: ‘How should intensive care clinicians make decisions in the face of an impending crisis?’The author makes three suggestionsE-Flux, Journal #108 - April 2020Digital magazineEditorialTable of ContentsOne Hundred Years of Crisis by Yuk HuiEubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics Vol. 30 (3) April 2020Official Journal of the Asian Bioethics AssociationIssue entirely dedicated to Covid-19.Table of ContentsEditorial: Bioethics and COVID19 by Darryl MacerBioethics gone viral: How to protect ourselves from any virus by Mihaela SerbuleaEthics of care and Philippine politics during the COVID-19 outbreak by Rogelio P. BayodCommentary on Bayod by Leandro S. EstadillaGlobalization and consumer culture: social costs and political implications of the COVID-19 pandemic by Christopher Ryan MabolocCommentary on Maboloc by Aldrin F. QuinteroA brief historical review of the great pandemic of 1918: the Spanish Flu by Leonard H. Le BlancEthical and social challenges of COVID-19 in Iran by Mahta BaratipourCommentary on Baratipour by Marites V. FontanillaCommentary on Baratipour by Leonard H. Le BlancReturn to ourselves: psychological reflections over compulsory physical distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak by Zehra EdisanCommentary on Edisan by Dennis AlfaroHealth care in India in the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic scenario by Dhastagir Sultan SheriffSpiritual universal ethical values for a global health system using change theory: results of a disintegrated approach in the 2020 pandemic by Suma ParahakaranBioethics at the time of coronavirus crisis; an ethical reflectio on good public policies and a better future by Mireille D’AstousPandemics from the lens of former peace keeper: COVID-19 response by Purusottam KCEvaluation of public health and clinical care ethical practices during the COVID-19 outbreak days from media reports in Turkey by Sukran SevimliImpacts of COVID19 Pandemic on Care of the Patients with Cancer by Esra BilirEquality, Positive Health and Global Inequality in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic by Gerry F. ArambalaTribal Communities and Nations in a time of COVID-19 by Carmela M. RoybalCOVID19: Social Stigma and Public Health Dilemma by Shahanaz ChowdhuryMaintenance of Physical Distance to Prevent COVID-19: A Glimpse at Bangladesh by Wardatul Akmam and Md. Fakrul IslamMarch03/23/20 - Ezekiel J. Emanuel e.a., Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19, in: The New England Journal of Medicine.Table of ContentsHealth Impacts of Moderate-to-Severe PandemicsHealth System CapacityEthical Values for Rationing Health Resources in a PandemicWho Gets Health Resources in a Covid-19 Pandemic?Implementing Rationing PoliciesConclusionsCentral quote: ‘The choice to set limits on access to treatment is not a discretionary decision, but a necessary response to the overwhelming effects of a pandemic.’Central quote: ‘Previous proposals for allocation of resources in pandemics and other settings of absolute scarcity, including our own prior research and analysis, converge on four fundamental values: maximizing the benefits produced by scarce resources, treating people equally, promoting and rewarding instrumental value, and giving priority to the worst off.’Central quote: ‘These ethical values — maximizing benefits, treating equally, promoting and rewarding instrumental value, and giving priority to the worst off — yield six specific recommendations for allocating medical resources in the Covid-19 pandemic: maximize benefits; prioritize health workers; do not allocate on a first-come, first-served basis; be responsive to evidence; recognize research participation; and apply the same principles to all Covid-19 and non–Covid-19 patients.’03/23 Robert D. Truog, Christine Mitchell, and George Q. Daley, The Toughest Triage — Allocating Ventilators in a Pandemic, in: The New England Journal of Medicine.Central quote: ‘In addition to removing the responsibility for triage decisions from the bedside clinicians, committee members should also take on the task of communicating the decision to the family.’Central quote: ‘[P]hysicians, nurses, or respiratory therapists who are caring for the patient should not be required to carry out the process of withdrawing mechanical ventilation; they should be supported by a team that is willing to serve in this role and that has skills and expertise in palliative care and emotional support of patients and families.’03/20 - Nir Eyal, Marc Lipsitch, Ethical comparators in Coronavirus Vaccine Trials, in: Dash Repository.Table of ContentsNo better option for participants outside the trialNo better option for anyone outside the trialNo better option for participants in any differently designed trialHow to combine expediency with compassion in vaccine efficacy trialsPractical ImplicationsJanuaryDarryl Macer, Editorial: COVID19 and Health, in: Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics Vol. 30 (1) January 2020, p. 1.Brief editorial that puts some of the papers in this issue in relation to the expected pandemic.Month not specifiedH. Orri Stefánsson, Three Mistakes in the Moral Reasoning About the Covid-19 Pandemic, in: the Working Paper Series of the Institute for Futures Studies.Table of ContentsBackground: A virus Grinds the World Economy to a HaltFirst Mistake: The Illusion that we can Avoid Trade-offsSecond Mistake: “Leave it to the “Experts”Third Mistake: Ignoring Symmetric Catastrophic RiskConclusion: How to be Better Prepared Next TimePublic PhilosophyEssays, Blog Posts, Op-Eds, Interviews etc. in Written FormMay05/02/20- Steve Fuller, Creating the Covid-19 story, in: IAI.TV05/01/20- Jana Mohr Lone, Why are kids asking such big questions during the pandemic, in: The ConversationApril04/30/20- Anastasia Berg, Now Is as Good a Time as Any to Start a Family, in: NY Times04/29/20- Todd May, What is making you stay at home right now?, in: NY Times04/27/20- Silvia Camporesi, It didn’t have to be this way, in: AeonA bioethicist at the heart of the Italian coronavirus crisis asks: why won’t we talk about the trade-offs of the lockdown?Central quote: ‘Our privilege has concealed the reality of finite healthcare resources….There’s no such thing as a value-free model – the longterm effects of lockdowns must be accounted for.’04/25/20- Donald Robertson, Stoicism in a time of pandemic: how Marcus Aurelius can help, in: The GuardianCentral quote: ‘The Meditations, by a Roman emperor who died in a plague named after him, has much to say about how to face fear, pain, anxiety and loss.’04/23/20- Joe Humphreys, Are we all Kantians now? The Covid-19 effect on moral philosophy [Interview with Katy Dineen], in: Irish TimesCentral quote: ‘This virus is making it harder for us to shield our eyes from the conditions some workers are being asked to tolerate.’04/22/20- Irina Dumitrescu and Caleb Smith, The Demon of Distraction, in: Critical Inquiry Blog04/21/20 - David Killoren, What should we do if we can’t beat coronavirus?, in: ABC Religion & Ethics04/21/20- Vafa Ghazavi, Ethics at a Distance, in: Boston ReviewCentral quote: ‘We may feel individually powerless to contribute to social transformation. But each of us bears responsibility for helping to create a more just world.’04/20/20 - Aveek Bhattacharya and Fay Niker, Philosophers’ Rundown on the Coronavirus Crisis, in: Justice Everywhere.Matthew Adams answers the question: What does coronavirus mean for the feasibility of social justice?Diana Popescu answers the question: What does coronavirus mean for the adoption of UBI?Anca Gheaus answers the question: How does coronavirus help us to imagine a just society?Lisa Herzog answers the question: What does coronavirus mean for economic precarity?Nicolás Brando answers the question: What does coronavirus mean for education?Merten Reglitz answers the question: What does coronavirus show us about the need for internet access?Christian Baatz and Julia Hermann answer the question: What does coronavirus show us about how to fight climate change?Anhe Le answers the question: What does coronavirus show us about how to make decisions under uncertainty?Viktor Ivanković answers the question: What does coronavirus mean for how we should view (un)acceptable risk?04/20/20 - Juan Cruz, La pandemia es una tentación autoritaria que invita a la represión [Interview with Carolin Emcke], in El País.Translated title: “The pandemic is an authoritarian temptation that invites repression”, english version in Web24 News.Central quote: 'Está quedando a la vista también que el Estado no puede retraerse infinitamente de su responsabilidad, que hacen falta infraestructuras públicas, bienes públicos, una orientación hacia el bien común.'Translated quote: 'It is also becoming clear that the State cannot infinitely withdraw from its responsibility, that there is a need of public infrastructure, public goods, an orientation towards the common good.'04/20/20 - Matt Bennett, Following the science: trust, experts, and COVID-19, in: Open for Debate.Central quote: ‘The relevant facts underdetermine policy, which must also be led by what we value most, and what we want to achieve with our public health response.’04/20/20 - Boris Groys, Борис Гройс: ‘Коронавирус стал селебрити, которому завидуют’, in: Эксперт Online.Translated Title: Boris Groys: ‘The coronavirus has become an envied celebrity.’Alex Zaitsev provided a summary: ‘The coronavirus has become viral, it's the celebrity number one. We are no longer discussing Trump, we are discussing the virus. Those who are downplaying the virus ("Look, it's not even dangerous!") are downplaying it like Michael Jackson's celebrity status.’04/17/20 - Andrew Marantz, Studying Fascist Propaganda by Day, Watching Trump’s Coronavirus Updates by Night [interview with Jason Stanley], in: The New Yorker.Portrait of how the Trump administration’s response to Covid-19 impacts his course Propaganda, Ideology, & Democracy.04/17/20- N. Katherine Hayles, Novel Corona: Posthuman Virus, in: Critical Inquiry Blog04/17/20 - Luuk van Middelaar, Na de noodtoestand, de tussentijd, in De Standaard.Translated title: After the state of emergency, the in-between times.Central quote: ‘It’s important that governments keep on sharing both their guesses and uncertainties, so that we don’t feel like being addressed as herd animals by all-knowing bosses. ‘Richard Yetter Chappell, Against Conventional Moral 'Decency’, in: Philosophy, et cetera.The author, via e-mail: ‘[I am] criticizing the common prioritization of medical over other human interests, esp. as expressed in Regina Rini's TLS article.’04/16/20 - Françoise Baylis, Coronavirus: When Canadian compassion requires social distancing, in: The Conversation.Central quote: ‘Here is a radical idea — what if almost everyone was given a two-week holiday with pay, with the costs evenly split between the employer and the government?’04/16/20 - Cailin O’connor and James Owen Weatherall, Why False Claims About COVID-19 Refuse to Die, in: Nautilus.Central quote: ‘Science journals and science journalists rightly recognize that there is intense interest in COVID-19 and that the science is evolving rapidly. But that does not obviate the risks of spreading information that is not properly vetted or failing to emphasize when arguments depend on data that is very much in flux.’04/16/20 - Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò, Coronavirus lays bare the staggering class inequalities that divide America, in: The Appeal.Central quote: ‘ Asking whether we should frame our domination in terms of class as opposed to gender or race is rather like a person with a boot on their neck debating whether their predicament is truly about the boot, the foot inside of it, or the sock in between.’04/15/20 - L. Syd M Johnson, Prioritizing justice in ventilator allocation, in: Blog | Journal of Medical Ethics.Central quote: ‘The fundamental flaw with allocation policies is the underlying rationale for using them: saving as many lives as possible given limited resources. While saving as many lives as possible is a reasonable and laudable goal in a pandemic, one in keeping with shared public values, it need not be the only or prevailing goal. There are other, competing values and goals that can and should inform ventilator allocation policies.’04/15/20- Peter Szendy, Viral Times, in: Critical Inquiry Blog04/15/20 - Michael Hesse, Philosoph Otfried Höffe über die Corona-Krise: ‘Regierungen sind nicht für Glück zuständig’ [Interview], in: Frankfurter Rundschau.Translated title: Philosopher Ottfried Höffe on the coronacrisis: Governments are not responsible for happiness.’Central quote, in response to the question how one should deal with moral dilemmas: ‘In real life situations one will be able, if one thinks in sufficiently thorough and creative ways, to find emergency exists.’04/15/20 - Thaddeus Metz, Why Sisyphus comes to mind in my daily struggles against coronavirus, in: The ConversationCentral quote: ‘Unlike a large stone, coronavirus is very small, and yet our struggle against it is precisely a Sisyphean task: we have no choice but to push coronavirus away, doing so over and over again, having little hope of that making a real difference, and being far from enlivened by the process.’04/15/20 - Daniel Story, Lucky till now, in: Santa Barbara Independent.04/13/20 - Erik Angner, Epistemic Humility—Knowing Your Limits in a Pandemic, in: Behavorial scientist.Central quote: ‘[I]t is fine and good to have opinions, and to express them in public—even with great conviction. The point is that true experts, unlike charlatans, express themselves in a way that mirrors their limitations.’04/13/20 - David Benatar, Our Cruel Treatment of Animals Led to the Coronavirus, in: The New York Times.04/13/20 - David Killoren, Pandemic Ethics-Earthquakes, Infections, and Consent, in: Practical Ethics.Central quote: ‘But I think there is something deeper going on, too. I think that a virus raises rather different ethical issues than an earthquake, and I think the ethical differences between these threats might explain some of the differences in our responses to them.’04/13/20 - Jean-Luc Nancy and Shaj Mohan, Our Mysterious Being, in: The Philosophical SalonVictoria Derrien translated Jean-Luc Nancy’s piece04/13/20 - Andrzej W. Nowak, Philosophical Necromancy or Accelerationist Hope? A response to Agamben, in: Lefteast.Central quote: ‘The project of accelerationist biopolitics may in practice mean a conscious slowing down, suppressing part of the needs, restriction of excess consumption to make our societies more resilient to future pandemics or climate change.’04/13/20 - Michael J. Sandel, Are We All in This Together?, in: The New York Times.Central quote: ‘[B]eyond the issue of health care, we need to think more broadly about the way we contend with inequality. We need to better reward the social and economic contributions of work done by the majority of Americans, who don’t have college degrees. And we need to reckon with the morally corrosive downsides of meritocracy.’04/12/20 - Richard Yetter Chappell, When is CVI worthwhile?, in: Philosophy, et cetera.From personal correspondence with the author: assessing what empirical data we'd need to justify implementing variolation.Central quote: ‘There are a lot of unknowns at present. While far from certain, there's at least a non-trivial chance that widespread CVI could turn out to be the best strategy (when all costs are properly taken into account).’04/11/20 - Agnes Callard, What Do the Humanities Do In a Crisis? in: The New Yorker.04/11/20 - Simon Critchley, To Philosophize Is to Learn How to Die, in: The New York Times.Central quote: ‘The consolation of philosophy in this instance consists in pulling away from the death-denying habits of normal life and facing the anxiety of the situation with a cleareyed courage and sober realism.’04/11/20 - Matthias Warkus, Triage soll Menschen retten, nicht töten, in: Spektrum.Translated title: Triage is intended to save, not kill, humans.04/11/20 - The Associated Press, Libertarians Debate: How to Respond to Coronavirus Pandemic?, in: The New York Times.NYT-link no longer active, but can be retrieved via The Washington Times.Includes comments by Michael Huemer and Dan Moller.04/10/20 - Emily Bazelon, Restarting America Means People Will Die. So /When Do We Do It? in: The New York Times MagazineEmily Bazel moderates a panel discussion between William J. Barber II, Anne Case, Zeke Emanuel, Vanita Gupta and Peter Singer.04/10/20- Lorraine Daston, Ground-Zero Empiricism, in: Critical Inquiry Blog04/10/20 - Jonathan Fuller, Why coronavirus death rates can't be summed up in one simple number, in: The Conversation.Central quote: ‘Ultimately, deciding which effects of our interventions to measure and how to measure them is not a purely scientific problem; it is also an ethical problem.’04/10/20 - Alison Hills, 'Can I sunbathe in the park?' is now a deep moral question, in: The Guardian.Central quote: ‘Though we should all keep to the guidelines, it doesn’t follow that we should heap blame on those who don’t, not knowing what staying at home is like for them, not knowing their reasons for being out. Of course they should comply, but be kind; most people are doing their best.’04/10/20 . Stephan Laudien, Freies Entscheiden ist mehr als bloßes Auswählen [Interview with Hegel-scholar Klaus Vieweg], in: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaTranslated title: To decide freely is more than merely choose.Central quote: ‘The participants of Coronaparties do not assert their right to act freely, they act randomly and fundamentally go against freedom, against human rights.04/10/20 - Markus Schwering, Jürgen Habermas über Corona: ‘So viel Wissen über unser Nichtwissen gab es noch nie’ [Interview], in: Frankfurter Rundschau.Translated title: Jürgen Habermas on Corona: ‘There never was this much knowing about not-knowing.04/09/20 - Ignaas Devisch, Ethiek gaat om meer dan procedures, in: De Standaard.Translated Title: Ethics is about more than procedures.Central quote (tr.): ‘Policy is what happens to make ethics possible, and we shouldn’t reverse that proposition.’04/08/20 - Alex Broadbent, Lockdown is wrong for Africa, in: The Mail & Guardian.Translated quote: ‘Is there an alternative to lockdown? Yes: lock down areas where this makes sense, and which have the older portion of the population, but don’t lock down where it’s impossible to do so.’04/08/20 - Joshua Parker and Ben Davies, The Perfect Protocol? Ethics Guidelines in a Pandemic, in: Practical Ethics.Central quote: [A] protocol can increase [doctors’] confidence in the decisions as well as reducing their decision-making burden.Yet protocols are not a panacea. The fact that these are such hugely consequential decisions is precisely why we must be careful handing over ethical decision-making to guidelines.’04/08/20 - Ianthe Sahadat, Heiligt het doel de middelen? Filosoof Marli Huijer: ‘Ik weet eigenlijk niet wat het doel is’ [Interview], in: de VolkskrantTranslated title: Does the end justify the means? Philosopher Marli Huijer: I actually don’t know what the goal is’.04/08/20 - Şerife Tekin, Health Disparities in Covid 19 Triage Protocols, in: Impact Ethics.Central quote: ‘ It is not easy to come up with [an alternative to a utilitarian appraoch] but we can at least set the tone of thinking about these complex realities by sharing a commitment to social justice, diversity, and inclusion in healthcare. Thus, it is an opportune time to turn to the fundamental commitments of feminist bioethics.’04/08/20 - Simone Wermelskirchen and Hannah Steinharter, Philosophieprofessor zu Corona-Maßnahmen: ‘Wir sind nicht im Krieg’ [Interview with Markus Gabriel], in: Handelsblatt.Central quote (tr.): ‘We are not at war, and even then not everything is permitted.’04/07/20 - Giorgio Agamben, Wir sollten uns weniger sorgen und mehr denken, in: Neue Zürcher ZeitungTranslated title: We should worry less and think more.04/07/20 - Martin Lenz, Will the future be like the past? Making sense of experiences in and of the corona crisis, in: Handling Ideas.Central quote: ‘Continuists think that the future resembles the past, even after this crisis. Accordingly, they will try and prepare for the time after the crisis in much the same way they have pursued their goals before. By contrast, discontinuists assume that the future is not only uncertain but likely different from the status quo of the past.’04/07/20 - Daniel Sokol, Where are the ICU triage protocols?, in: BMJ Blog.Central quote: ‘The reluctance to be open about these life-and-death protocols is understandable but misplaced.’04/07/20 - Dominic Wilkinson, Boris Johnson will be receiving the same special treatment other patients do in NHS intensive care, in: The Conversation.Central quote: ‘Much as [healthcare workers] will try to treat [Boris Johnson] like any other patient, they will be acutely conscious of the weight of a nation’s anxious gaze.’Crossposted in: Practical Ethics.04/07/20- Nayef Al-Rodhan, Social Distancing: A Neurophilosophical Perspective, in: Areo Magazine04/06/20 - Jeffrey Kahn, What are the ethical considerations of using quarantines?, in: Global Health Now.Part of the series ‘COVID-19 Expert Reality Check’.Central quote: ‘Whatever restrictions are implemented should be the least restrictive to accomplish the stated public health goals.’04/06/20- Norman MacLeod, CoViD-19 Metaphors, in: Critical Inquiry Blog04/06/20 - Peter Singer and Michael Plant, When Will the Pandemic Cure Be Worse Than the Disease? in: Project Syndicate.Central quote: ‘What we really need to do is compare the impact different policies have on our overall wellbeing.’04/05/20 - Marc Cheong, Freedom in the time of COVID-19, in: New Philosopher.04/05/20- Carol J Adams, Anticipatory Care, in: Critical Inquiry Blog04/05/20- Achille Mbembe, Le droit universel à la respiration, in: AOCTranslated Title: The Universal Right to BreatheTranslated By: Carolyn ShreadTranslation: Critical Inquiry Blog04/05/2020 - Mónica B. Cragnolini, Ontología de guerra frente a la zoonosis, in La Fiebre, pensamiento contemporáneo en tiempos de pandemias [Fever, contemporary thought in times of pandemics], p.39.Translated title: Ontology of war against zoonosisCentral quote: ‘Por eso retomo el sintagma «ontología de guerra», para caracterizar la forma en que nos relacionamos con lo que se considera “naturaleza”, guerra que se ensaña contra los animales, y contra modos de existencia humana que se consideran animalizados. Esta ontología de guerra muestra un nuevo aspecto en la lucha contra las zoonosis.’Translated quote: ‘That is why I return to the phrase "war ontology", to characterize the way in which we relate to what is considered "nature", a war that is vicious against animals, and against modes of human existence that are considered animalized. This war ontology shows a new aspect in the fight against zoonoses.’04/04/20 - Alberto Giubilini, Why You Should Not (Be Allowed To) Have That Picnic in the Park, Even if it Does Not Make a Difference, in: Practical Ethics.Central quote: ‘State coercion is necessary to solve the problem of assurance, thus preserving fairness and making it more likely that the kind of cooperation necessary to achieve the collective good is realised.’The author responds to several follow-up questions and objections in the comments section.04/04/20 - Jasper Zuure, Jeroen De Ridder and Rens Vliegenthart, Hoe de Coronacrisis de belofte van het internet nieuw leven inblaast, in: Stuk Rood Vlees.Translated title: How the Coronacrisis breathes new life into the promise of the internet.Central quote (tr.): ‘Briefly summarised, next to a great deal of misery the Coronacrisis also offers a crash course in truthfinding.’04/03/20 - Andrés Gómez, Filosofía y coronavirus: intelectuales chilenos confrontan las tesis de Zizek y Byung-Chul Han [Interview with Diana Aurenque, Pablo Oyarzún and Carlos Peña], in: La Tercera.Translated title: Philosophy and coronavirus: Chilean intellectuals confront Zizek and Byung-Chul Han’ theses.Central quote: ‘El después de la pandemia dependerá en gran parte de cómo asumimos esta fase, donde generaremos una pseudo-normalidad.’Translated quote: ‘The aftermath of the pandemic will largely depend on how we assume this phase, where we will generate a pseudo-normality.’04/03/20 - Nuala P. Kenny, Living in hope pandemic and possibilities for public health, in: Impact Ethics.04/02/20 - Maarten Boudry, A strange paradox: the better we manage to contain the coronavirus pandemic, the less we will learn from it, in: The Conversation.Central quote: ‘A failure to appreciate the nature of self-refuting prophecies is worrying because we know that this will not be the last pandemic to hit humanity.’04/02/20 - Piotr T. Makowski, Theory of planning for the time of pandemic, in Medium.04/02/20 - John Z. Sandler and Şerife Tekin, Tele-Psychiatry Ethics and the COVID-19 Pandemic, in: Association for the Advancement of Philosophy and Psychiatry Blog.Central quote: ‘In this case, in consultation with her colleague, Dr. S. seems to have acted virtuously, in so far as she was (i) compassionate, (ii) decided to seek collaborative decision-making, (iii) took the individual context of Mr. B seriously – as a person with increased risk of negative outcome if gets sick with COVID-19, with a caregiver who is also part of the similar risk group.’04/02/20 - Gunzelin Schmid Noerr, Corona-Krise: Die Würde des Menschen ist unverrechenbar, in: Frankfurter Rundschau.Translated title: Human dignity is unquantifiableCentral quote: ‘An ethics of balancing and maximising utility is then no longer sufficient when one is confronted with the welfare of the sick, the weak and the helpless. Then we have to recourse to an ethics of unquantifiable human dignity.’04/02/20 - H. Orri Stefánsson, En mer sofistikerad debatt kan rädda liv, in: Göteborgs-Posten.Translated title: A more sophisticated public discourse could save livesFrom personal correspondence with the author: ‘[The] central claim is that individuals who have been prominent in the Swedish public discourse about the pandemic have failed to take a holistic (as in, all-things-considered) approach when considering potential responses to the pandemic.’04/02/20 - Brandon Warmke and Justin Tosi, Pandemic Discourse, in: Psychology Today.Central quote: ‘The point of talking about moral issues is to make the world a better place. As you carry on these important conversations with friends and family over the coming days and weeks, here are some things to keep in mind as we all try to have more productive moral conversations.’04/02/20 - Richard Yetter Chappell, Pandemic Moral Failures: How Conventional Morality Kills, in: Philosophy, et cetera.The author, via e-mail: ‘[The blogpost] argues that variolation, or low-dose Controlled Voluntary Infection, should be investigated as a morally legitimate policy option.’Central quote: ‘I'm more interested in less widely-appreciated mistakes.The most important of these may be the failure to adequately explore our option-space, stemming from the conventional moral thinking of many well-meaning people (including public health experts who are leading the response to the pandemic).’04/02/20 - Ayelett Shani, To Find Peace in the Time of Coronavirus, Be Very, Very Pessimistic, Says Philosopher Alain De Botton [Interview], in: Haaretz.Central quote: ‘ We have to laugh with the shit storm swirling around us. When you know what the bottom is, when you understand how bad it could get – you’re ready for it.’04/02/20- Daniele Lorenzini, Biopolitics in the time of Coronavirus, in: Critical Inquiry Blog04/01/20 - Liam Kofi Bright and Richard Bradley, The Masque of Rona, in: The Sooty Empiric.Central quote: ‚[W]hat we hope to do in this blog post is give a basic introduction to the problems of decision making under extreme uncertainty. We’re using policy making for COVID19 as a running example of this.‘04/01/20 - Lisa Herzog, What does the corona crisis teach us about the value of work? in: New Statesman.Central quote: ‘The corona crisis is an opportunity to rethink the way we assess work and to rebuild our post-crisis economic life in a different way.’04/01/20 - Regina Rini, When to think like a utilitarian, in: The Times Literary Supplement.Central quote: ‘Perhaps unprecedented choices will be demanded later. But we show deep disrespect for human life if we rush to find the earliest possible point at which it makes economic sense to throw the vulnerable under the virus.’04/01/20- Andrea Brady, Hanging in the Air, in: Critical Inquiry Blog04/XX/20 - Emmanuel Alloa, La contingence du virus, in EspritTranslated title: Coronavirus: A Contingency that Eliminates ContingencyCentral quote: ‘En enjoignant les individus à se concentrer sur l’essentiel, c’est souvent à un retour à ce que ceux-ci ont de plus familier qu’ils étaient appelés, s’immunisant contre cette part de contingence qui est le ferment de tout rapport intersubjectif.’Translated quote: ‘By enjoining individuals to focus on the essentials, they are often called to return to what they are most familiar with, immunizing themselves against this part of contingency which is the ferment of any intersubjective relationship.’Translation: Critical Inquiry BlogMarch03/31/20 - Stephanie Collins, Are you complicit in deaths if you don’t stay home? How to do good during the virus lockdown: in: The Conversation.Central quote: ‘There are two broad ways the coronavirus crisis might play out. Both make it wrong for you not to bother.’03/30/20 - Judith Butler, Capitalism Has its Limits, in: Verso Blog.Central quote: ‘The virus alone does not discriminate, but we humans surely do, formed and animated as we are by the interlocking powers of nationalism, racism, xenophobia, and capitalism.’Central quote: ‘Human rights tend to imagine the individual human as the point of departure. But why not understand health care as a social obligation, one that follows from living in society with one another?’03/30/20 - Jovito V. Cariño, The place of philosophy and thought during the coronavirus crisis, in: RapplerCentral quote: ‘It turned out that COVID-19 is revelatory not just of the fragility of human life but also of the utter frailty of the national government’s competence.’03/30/20- Thomas Nail, Pandemic prediction from Lucretius, in: iai.tv03/30/20 - Joseph Stramondo, COVID-19 Triage and Disability: What NOT To Do, in: bioethics.net.Central quote: ‘In sum, one core argument against some of the emerging COVID-19 triage protocols is that they are discriminatory against disabled people when they use criteria that deprioritize them because of a belief that their lives are of less value because they are of less quality.’03/30/20- Michael Taussig, Would a Shaman Help?, in: Critical Inquiry Blog03/29/20 - Norbert Wallet,“Die schützen, die besonders gefährdet sind” [Interview with Georg Marckmann], in: Stuttgarter Zeitung.Translated title: Protect those who are particularly at risk.Central quote (tr.): ‘We resort behind a veil of ignorance and consider [...] what a just way of dealing with such scarcity can look like. Then most people would say: We want that the most possible number of human lives are saved, because that increases the probability of survival for each individual.’Central quote (tr.): ‘[A]ll patients that need intensive care have to be treated equally. There is no priority for Covid-19 patients.’03/29/20- Joshua Clover, The Rise and Fall of Biopolitics: A Response to Bruno Latour, in: Critical Inquiry Blog03/28/20 - Paul B. Preciado, Aprendiendo del virus: in: El País.Translated Title: Learning from the virus.Central quote: ‘Pero todo esto puede ser una mala noticia o una gran oportunidad. Es precisamente porque nuestros cuerpos son los nuevos enclaves del biopoder y nuestros apartamentos las nuevas células de biovigilancia que se vuelve más urgente que nunca inventar nuevas estrategias de emancipación cognitiva y de resistencia y poner en marcha nuevos procesos antagonistas.’Translated quote: ‘But all this can be bad news or a great opportunity. It is precisely because our bodies are the new enclaves of biopower and our apartments the new cells of biovigilance that it becomes more urgent than ever to invent new strategies for cognitive emancipation and resistance and to launch new antagonistic processes.’03/28/20 - Matthias Warkus, Es ist Zeit, sich zurückzuhalten, in: Spektrum.Translated title: It’s time to restrain ourselves.Note: Piece arguing for the value and importance of moderation during this pandemic.03/27/20 - Martin Lenz, Nothing to lose? Other voices in the corona crisis, in: Handling Ideas.Central quote: ‘In any case, I find it vital to learn as much as possible about our various takes and hopes generated by the crisis, and look forward to many more exchanges.’03/26/20 - Matthew Barnard, Coronavirus: what philosopher Immanuel Kant can teach us about panic buying and isolation dodging, in: The Conversation.Central quote: ‘Where Kant tried to invoke the power of God to encourage us to act morally, something contradicting his secular philosophy, modern leaders are now being forced to invoke the power of the state – and not for the last time before this crisis is over.’03/26/20- Bruno Latour, Is this a dress rehearsal?, in: Critical Inquiry Blog03/26/20 - Joe Humphreys, Coronavirus: How can philosophy help us in this time of crisis? in: The Irish TimesFour philosophers (Charlotte Blease, Vittorio Bufacchi, Skye Cleary, Paul O’Grady) answer the title question.03/25/20 - Vittorio Bufacchi, Why we trust experts in times of crisis, in: RTÉ.Central quote: The fact that there were no travel restrictions, and that large group gatherings were until recently not prohibited, is no excuse for going to the Cheltenham races or meeting friends in the pub. That is morally reckless behaviour, which cannot be excused merely because experts or government officials did not prohibit it.’03/25/20- Alexander García Düttmann, Ein Brief von Alexander García Düttmann, in HundertvierzehnTranslated title: A Letter to Oliver VogelTranslated by: James FontiniTranslation: Critical Inquiry Blog03/25/20 - Thorsten Glotzmann, A Chat with Philosopher Svenja Flasspöhler, in: Deutsche Welle.03/25/20- Kyle Stevens, When movies get sick, in: Critical Inquiry Blog03/25/20 - Martin Lenz, Where are we now? In search of a conversation, beyond graphs and statistics, in: Handling Ideas.03/25/20 - Julian Savulescu, Is it right to cut corners in the search for a coronavirus cure?, in: The Guardian.Central quote: ‘We need to run the race by the rules in order to sufficiently protect human participants. But there is a balance to be struck: let’s not run it with one hand tied behind our back.’03/24/20 - Françoise Baylis, Coronavirus the watchword is solidarity not autonomy, in Impact Ethics.Central quote: ‘In addition to solidarity we must attend to issues of trust, neighbourliness, and reciprocity. We must trust the advice from our governments, health officials, health care providers and scientists. We must recognize our mutual vulnerability and interdependence. We must attend to the needs of the socially and economically vulnerable. We must accept responsibility for ourselves and our actions.’03/23/20 - Alain Badiou, On the Epidemic Situation, in Verso Blog.Central quote: ‘The lesson to be drawn from this is clear: the ongoing epidemic will not have, qua epidemic, any noteworthy political consequences in a country like France.’03/23/20 - Anastasia Berg, Giorgio Agamben’s Coronavirus Cluelessness, in: The Chronicle of Higher Education.Blurb from the author’s website: ‘On theory's collapse into paranoia and what it is we are really sacrificing our pleasures and freedoms for.’03/23 - Alex Broadbent, Benjamin T H Smart, Why a one-size-fits-all approach to COVID-19 could have lethal consequences, in: The Conversation.Central quote: ‘Leaders need to be given the space to say shocking things, to be upfront about what might go wrong, to change their minds in the face of new evidence, and to pick the lesser of two evils.’03/23/20 - Michael Croce, The Right to Know and the Duty to Inform: A Lesson from the Italian Experience with Covid-19, in: Open for Debate.Central quote: ‘In sum, the right to know and the duty to inform are pillars of our democratic societies, but they have a limit beyond which a constant demand and offer of information can become detrimental to our epistemic wellbeing.’03/23/20 - Andrea Sangiacomo, Covid-19 and online teaching: mind the slope, in: Groningen Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Thought Blog03/23/20 - Eric Schliesser and Eric Winsberg, Climate and coronavirus: the science is not the same, in: New Statesman.Central quote: ‘This emerging consensus without a rigorous scientific scrutiny is problematic from both a scientific and political point of view. [...] [T]he absence of scientific disagreement over Covid-19 would be highly surprising, implying informal coordination, not the ordinary give and take in the marketplace of scientific ideas.’03/23/20 - Justin E. H. Smith, It’s all just beginning, in: The Point.Central quote: ‘Not to downplay the current tragedy—[...] it is already affecting me personally in deep and real ways—but I take it that this interruption is a good thing.’Central quote: ‘I am not saying the current pandemic is retribution for our sin, but I will say that the Lele understood something about the pangolin that we have not, and that we are paying dearly for now: that it cannot be lightly killed for no better reason than our own delectation.’03/23/20 - Emily Thomas, Three reasons great thinkers liked armchair travel, in: The Conversation.03/23/20- Catherine Malabou, To Quarantine from Quarantine: Rousseau, Robinson Crusoe, and “I”, in: Critical Inquiry Blog03/22/20 - Georg Kohler, Coronavirus und das nackte Leben – warum Giorgio Agamben falschliegt, in: Neue Zürcher ZeitungTranslated Title: Coronavirus and the naked life - Why Giorgio Agamben is wrong.Central quote (tr.): Philosophy that is not able to recognise the difference between adequately well-informed analysis of everyday life and reflecting on the big picture, fails itself.03/22/20 - Richard Yetter Chappell, "Lives" are the Wrong Measure, in: Philosophy, et cetera.The author, via e-mail: ‘[I] respond to Lübbe's objection to Italy's life-year based triage.’Lübbe’s piece is linked below.03/21/20 - Chris Bush, VIU professor suggests rational thinking in scary times [interview with Laura Shanner], in: Nanaimo News Bulletin.03/21/20 - Michael Huemer, Thoughts on a Pandemic, in: Fake Nous.Central quote: ‘Public health officials may be experts on things like the spread of infectious disease, but they are not experts on these economic costs, so we can’t just take their word on what is the best overall response to the virus.’03/21/20 - Nikolaj Schultz, The climatic virus in an age of paralysis, in: Critical Inquiry Blog03/19/20 - Olivia Goldhill, Ethicists agree on who gets treated first when hospitals are overwhelmed by coronavirus [interview with Lydia Dugdale, Joshua Parker, Alex John London, Anders Sandberg, Brian D. Earp, David Chan, Vanessa Bentley], in: Quartz.Central quote: ‘Quartz spoke with eight ethicists, all of whom agreed that in such dire situations, those who have the best chance of surviving get priority. Despite the unanimity, all agreed that this decision is far from easy and should not be taken lightly.’03/19/20 - Martin Lenz, Governmental gaslighting? Communication in the corona crisis, in: Handling Ideas.Central quote: ‘I’d like to suggest that gaslighting might be an important feature of crisis communication. This is not only important to recognise for restoring one’s sanity, but also in order to prepare for coping in the aftermath of the crisis.’03/18/20 - Giorgio Agamben, Nach Corona: Wir sind nurmehr das nackte Leben, in: Neue Zürcher ZeitungTranslated Title: We are merely naked life.03/18/20 - Silvia Panizza, Philosopher in Italian coronavirus lockdown on how to think positively about isolation, in: The Conversation.03/18/20- Slavoj Žižek, Is barbarism with a human face our fate?, in: Critical Inquiry Blog03/17/20 - Giorgio Agamben, Chiarimenti, in: Quodlibet.Translated title: Clarifications.Translated by Adam Kotsko at An und für sich.Central quote: ‘People have been so habituated to live in conditions of perennial crisis and perennial emergency that they don’t seem to notice that their life has been reduced to a purely biological condition and has not only every social and political dimension, but also human and affective.’03/16/20 - Weyma Lübbe, Corona Triage. A Commentary on the Triage Recommendations by Italian SIAARTI Medicals Regarding the Corona Crisis, in: Verfassungsblog.Central quote: ‘My trust in the (Italian) public health system has not been raised by this publication. Rather, it suffered.’Central quote: ‘In times of shortage, [rights] do not have to be maximized, but rather specified in a just manner. This, also, is burdensome. But one can do it without getting involved in reflections on how much residual value a human life might have.03/16/20 - Joshua Parker and Mikaeil Mirzaali, The Moral Cost of Coronavirus, in: Blog | Journal of Medical Ethics.Central quote: ‘As coronavirus forces doctors to make deep and challenging ethical decisions it may also ask healthcare professionals at the coalface to sacrifice their fundamental values for the greater good.’03/16/20 - Melody Schreiber, The Risky Race for a Quick Coronavirus Vaccine [interview with Nicholas Evans, Jeffrey Kahn, ], in: The New Republic.Central quote: ‘The consent form that participants sign before enrolling in the trial hasn’t been released, but [Evans] and Kahn agreed that truly informed consent is a fundamental part of conducting human testing—especially in a fast-tracked process.’Central quote: ‘[H]ow vaccine makers conduct themselves in this health emergency could have ripple effects for years to come.’03/16/20 - Henrik Syse, Philosophy and Ethics in the Age of Corona Virus, in: Prio | Blogs.Central Quote: The comparison [between war and the pandemic] has both strengths and weaknesses. This is certainly akin to a war when it comes to much of the drama of what is happening and what is required of us. [...] On the other hand, this is not war. No one is attacking us with weapons.’03/14/20 - Rocco Ronchi, The virtues of the virus, in: European Journal of Psychoanalysis.Translated from the Italian by Emma Catherine Gainsforth.Part of Coronavirus and philosophers, a series that collects the controversy around Agambens criticisms of governmental responses to the ongoing pandemic.03/13/20 - Slavoj Žižek, Der Mensch wird nicht mehr derselbe gewesen sein: Das ist die Lektion, die das Coronavirus für uns bereithält, in: Neue Zürcher Zeitung.Translated Title: Man will no longer be the same: That is the lesson that the Coronavirus has in store for us.03/10/20 - Françoise Baylis, Coronavirus in Vietnam observations from a canadian, in: Impact Ethics.Central quote: ‘The most interesting and important facet of the government’s response to the risk of coronavirus is an impressive public education campaign, for locals and tourists, aimed at increasing public awareness and changing behaviours.’03/10/20 - Anastasia Siapka, How to navigate the coronavirus ‘infodemic’, in: CiTiP Blog.03/09/20 - Alex Broadbent, Thinking Rationally About Coronavirus COVID-19, in: Daily Nous.Central quote: ‘In what follows, I will first explain the panic in terms of two factors, being ignorance, and the importance of various rates, which is whose epidemiological importance is not always understood. Second, I will set out some considerations that would structure a rational cost-benefit analysis of contemplated public health interventions.[...]Finally, I will outline a challenge for many public health interventions, applying in this case to the problem of panic-buying of various items.’03/11/20 - Isaac Chotiner, Medical Ethics and the Novel Coronovirus [interview with Christine Mitchel], in: The New Yorker.Central quote: ‘During our conversation [...] we discussed what ethicists tend to focus on during a health crisis, how existing health-care access affects crisis response, and the importance of institutions talking through the ethical implications of their decisions.’03/08/20 - Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan, The Community of the Forsaken: A Response to Agamben and Nancy, in: European Journal of Psychoanalysis.Piece published in in collaboration with AntinomiePart of Coronavirus and philosophers, a series that collects the controversy around Agambens criticisms of governmental responses to the ongoing pandemic.03/06/20 - Adam Kotsko, The Invisible Hand Wants You Dead, in: The New Republic.Central quote: ‘Thankfully, Santelli’s novel idea of infecting the populace with the coronavirus was greeted with the opprobrium it deserved, compelling him to apologize for his suggestion Friday morning.’03/05/20 - Sergio Benvenuto, Benvenuto in clausura, in: Antinomie.Translated title: Welcome to SeclusionEnglish translation available from the European Journal of Psychoanalysis.03/05/20 - Massimo Pigliucci, On COVID-19 and pandemics: a Stoic perspective, in Medium.The author applies the classical stoic triad - physics, logic and ethics - to the current pandemic.Was updated on 04/01/20.03/02/20 - Peter Singer and Paola Cavalieri, The Two Dark Sides of COVID-19, in: Project Syndicate.Central quote: ‘Markets at which live animals are sold and slaughtered should be banned not only in China, but all over the world.’February02/28/20 - Roberto Esposito, Curati a oltranza, in: Antinomie.Translated title: Cured to the Bitter EndEnglish translation available from the European Journal of Psychoanalysis.02/27/20 - Jean-Luc Nancy, Eccezione virale, in: AntinomieTranslated Title: Viral Exception.English translation available from the European Journal of Psychoanalysis.02/26/20 - Giorgio Agamben, L’invenzione di un’epidemia, in: Quodlibet.Translated title: The invention of an epidemic.English translation available from the European Journal of PsychoanalysisThe piece provoked much responses. The European Journal of Psychoanalysis has collected some of them in Coronavirus and philosophers. Many of which take issue Agambens criticisms of governmental responses to the ongoing pandemic. Insofar as the responses were not dated, they don’t have unique entries in this bibliography. As the series itself is not dated either, I list the names of those non-dated pieces here, in order of appearance: Forget about Agamben by Sergio Benvenuto, The Threat of Contagion (translated from the Italian by Emma Catherine Gainsforth) by Massimo De Carolis, What carries us on by Shaj Mohan, A Much Too Human Virus by Jean-Luc Nancy.January01/22/20 - Slavoj Žižek, My Dream of Wuhan, in: Welt.Central quote: ‘My plea is just that even horrible events can have unpredictable positive consequences.’Central quote ‘But those who should be truly ashamed are all of us around the world thinking just about how to quarantine the Chinese.’Date of Publication not specifiedGregory Fernando Pappas, Philosophical Medidations on the Covid-19 Pandemic: What have we learned so far?, on: personal homepage.Central quote: ‘I will outline the philosophical lessons so far and will suggest a holistic, pluralistic, and communal approach as a way forward; based on the insights and hopes of philosophers like Dussel, Chomsky, Hostos, Dewey, King, Addams, Ortega, Villoro, Peirce, Boggs, as well as Native American philosophers.’Non-Written Media (Television, Podcasts, etc.)April04/20/20- Mark Linsenmayer, Political Philosophy and the Pandemic [Podcast], in: Partially Examined Life04/16/20 - A Panel on COVID-19 with Govind Persad, Paul Farmer, and Allison Stanger, organised by the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University.Chair of the panel discussion: Danielle Allen.Takes place online. See the website for details on how to attend.04/13/20 - Op1, at NPO.Late night talk show. Interviews with Ab Osterhaus, Marion de Bruin, Marcel van Roosmalen, Bert Wijbenga, Jort Kelder, Marli Huijer and Auke-Florian Hiemstra.The fragment with philosopher, and former family physician, Marli Huijer and journalist Jort Kelder can be found here.Marli Huijer says that there are more concerns to be taken into account than saving the lives of the elderly.Philosophy Professor Michael Kremer on how the coronavirus is impacting religious holidays, on CGTN America.Interview conducted by Roee Ruttenberg.Emphasis on the Catholic perspective.04/11/20 - The Philosophy of Travel, Now We Can't, on Nightlife, at ABCSuzanne Hill interviews the philosopher Emily Thomas and the authors Pamela Watson and Liam Pieper.04/08/20 -Ethics in COVID-19 World with Arthur Caplan and Greg Pence, at Straight Talk MD with Frank SweenyFrank Sweeny interviews Arthur L. Caplan and Gregory E. Pence.04/08/20 - Triage in an Italian ICU During the Coronavirus Pandemic, at Practical Ethics Channel.‘Katrien Devolder talks to Italian intensive care specialist and Chair of the Ethics Section of the Italian Society for Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medicine, Dr Marco Vergano, about his experiences at his ICU during the coronavirus pandemic, and the difficult decisions he is faced with on a daily basis about who to treat and who to let die.’Also see the blog Practical Ethics.04/03/20 - Take it like a Stoic: coping in the time of coronavirus, on the radio show Ideas, on CBC.Nahlah Ayed interviews philosopher Massimo Pigliucci and journalist Brigid Delaney.04/02/20 - Scobel - Corona, Ethik und der Mensch, at 3sat.Translated title: Scobel - Corona, ethics and the human beingGert Scobel interviews Markus Gabriel, Claudia Wiesemann and Stefan Brunnhuber.Available till 04/02/25.04/02/20 - What caused the coronavirus pandemic? Peter Singer interview, at Practical Ethics Channel.‘In this Thinking Out Loud interview, Katrien Devolder talks to philosopher Peter Singer about the causes of the coronavirus outbreak and what ought to be done to prevent future pandemics.’Also see the blog Practical Ethics.04/01/20 - Nederland op slot: maar welke prijs betalen we daarvoor? Interview with Marli Huijer by news magazine Nieuwsuur, at NOS.Interview conducted by Eelco Bosch van Rosenthal.Translated title: The Netherlands locked: but what price are we paying for that?Transcription was published one day later by Nieuwsuur, at NOS.Central quote: ‘I don’t quite understand why the mortality rate is mentioned daily on the evening news.’March03/30/20 - Helpful Or Harmful? The Ethics Of Shopping Online During The Pandemic, at Public radio from Western Michigan University.Sehvilla Mann interviews Fritz Allhoff.03/25/20 - Thinking Rationally About Scary Things - Coronavirus Response: A Lecture by Dr. Laura Shanner, at Vancouver Island University [Cancelled].Harbourliving.ca reports that the talk would have dealt with the following questions: ‘ How can we make sense of incomplete data? How can we separate true measures of risk from mere feelings of risk? What would be more helpful than buying bulk toilet paper or surgical masks?’See Public Philosophy 03/21/20.03/15/20 - Coronavirus situation is way too serious to be in panic. interview with Slavoj Žižek at Russia Today.February02/25/20 - Midday On Ethics With Dr. Jeffrey Kahn: Questions To Consider With Coronavirus, at WYPR 88.1 FM - Your NPR News StationTom Hall interviews Jeffrey Kahn.Misc.CALL FOR PAPERS COVID-19: Assessing Ethical Responses to the PandemicFrom the website: ‘The Asian Bioethics Review (ABR) seeks brief papers from individuals, agencies or organisations evaluating ethical responses to the COVID-19 pandemic for publication in the Perspectives section of the journal. Asian countries have been at the forefront of tackling the virus, and important lessons can be learned about good ethical practice.’‘This is a rapid response call. We guarantee a final decision within 30 days after online submission via the Editorial Manager. Successful submissions will be published – with free access – in the next available issue of Asian Bioethics Review.’Visit the website of the ABR for further information, including potential research questions.Some philosophers are using the #covidethics to discuss ethical problems related to the currently ongoing pandemic.University of Central Florida researches solitude during quarantine.Principal Investigator: Bruce JanzRooted in Phenomenology and Cognitive ScienceResearch team includes the philosophers Bruce Janz and Shaun Gallagher.Actively looking for participants in their online survey.Research description is available here.