Attachment C Department Of Housing And Community: Fill & Download for Free

1. Lack of low income housing.Fact: Mobile homes and modular homes can be built at a fraction of the cost of conventional homes.Solution: Offer incentives for communities to allow mobile home parks or expansions of existing parks.Also establish a government loan department to help tenants develop or purchase mobile home parks and make them into cooperatives.2. Barriers to small business.Solution: offer incentives to communities to develop permanent, preferably indoor swap meets and farmers' markets. This opens up the possibility of small business even at the lowest economic levels.Fact: Combining the expense of housing and business areas puts small business within the reach of more people.Fact: Having housing and businesses under the same roof or within walking distance makes it more possible for job sharing between couples and other family members which helps keep a small business going.Solution: Offer incentives to communities to allow or develop mixed business and residential areas.A. Allow housing into existing business areas.Example: Allow small business parks to build housing on the second floors of retail or small industry units, or to add mobile home spaces near such units.Example: Develop or retrofit malls with attached apartments or integrated apartments in the building, or build apartment buildings attached to malls or with tunnel or skyway access to malls.B. Allow small business into some existing housing areas.Examples: Beauty parlors and dog grooming shops allowed in a garage or basement, home offices allowed for professional and service businesses, fruit and vegetable stands allowed in front yards, etc.C. Develop very low income business rentals.Solution: Offer incentives to communities to allow or develop mobile or modular business parks, preferably integrated with mobile and modular housing communities.Also develop a government lending system to help tenants in mobile/modular business parks to buy or develop those parks as co-ops.

Here's what I found. I know this might be more than you were asking, but I figured if anyone else is interested this is good information to share.Universities Offering Inmate College CoursesALABAMAAlabama Prison Arts and Education Project (APEAP)http://www.auburn.edu/apaepAuburn UniversityKyes Stevens, Founder/[email protected];[email protected] Served: Incarcerated students in Alabama state prisonsProgram Description: The Alabama Prison Arts + Education Project is a program dedicated to providing access to sustained and quality educational experiences in the arts and humanities to incarcerated students in Alabama.The program believes that it is important for incarcerated people to gain a quality education, and also to build a relationship with learning that will continue to grow for the rest of their lives. The goals of APAEP have always been to place rich creative and intellectual opportunities into Alabama’s prisons.ARIZONARio Salado CollegeIncarcerated Re-Entry2323 West 14th StreetTempe, AZ 85281Phone: 480-517-8345Toll-free: [email protected] Served: Rio Salado College has partnered with the Arizona Department of Corrections (ADC) to teach the incarcerated population the skills necessary for integration into society upon release.Program Description: Rio Salado College offers many distance learning classes that provide the incarcerated population an opportunity for college credit that lead to certificates and degrees. Rio offers more than 90 classes in printbase and/or mixed media format. There are classes that meet General Education requirements such as English Composition, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Humanities.CALIFORNIAPrison University Project (PUP)Prison University ProjectPost Office Box 492San Quentin, CA 94964Jody Lewen, Executive [email protected], ext 3Population Served: Any San Quentin State Prison inmate who is classified as general population and holds either a GED or high school diploma is eligible to enroll in the College Program.Program Description: Program offers courses in the humanities, social sciences, math, and science, leading to an Associate’s degree, as well as math, science, and foreign language courses required for transfer to UC and Cal State schools. All instructors work as volunteers. Prison University Project has five paid staff people. The degree is offered through Patten University, a small independent university in Oakland, CA.UC Santa Cruz Project for Inmate Education (UCSC PIE)Mark [email protected] Served: Incarcerated students in the Santa Cruz county jailProgram Description: UCSC PIE is an organization founded by members of the UCSC astronomy and physics departments that are dedicated to providing free education to incarcerated people in local jails. UCSC PIE started operating in spring 2009 with an algebra class for students at the Santa Cruz County Jail.COLORADOAdams State College Prison College ProgramJames Bullington (Coordinator), Prison College [email protected]@yahoo.com303-241-0550Population Served: Incarcerated students throughout Colorado and the United StatesProgram Description: At Adams State College we know how important education is to all individuals, especially for those who happen to be incarcerated. For over nine years Adams State College has worked extensively inside Colorado prisons offering on-site face-to face courses. During this time we have also worked with thousands of prisoners throughout the United States by helping them obtain their dream of a college education. ASC is committed to addressing the specific needs of incarcerated students by offering the following benefits:GEORGIAThe Certificate in Theological Studies at Lee Arrendale State for Women (CTS)Dr. Liz Bounds, Program [email protected] Zappa, Program [email protected] Bishop, Chaplain at Arrendale PrisonPopulation Served: Incarcerated women at Lee Arrendale State Prison with high-school diploma or equivalentProgram Description: CTS is designed to offer selected incarcerated students academic theological instruction that is ecumenical in scope and to train them to serve as lay religious leaders both in prison and after their release. The program’s other major goal is to provide unique teaching opportunities to seminary and doctoral students from the participating institutions as well as formative experience for congregational leadership for M.Div. studentsUniversity of GeorgiaOffice of Academic ProgramsIndependent and Distance Learning ProgramGeorgia Center for Continuing Education, Suite 193Athens, GA 30602-3603Phone: 706-542-3243Toll-free: 800-877-3243http://www.distance.uga.edu/Mercer [email protected] Justice Projecthttp://www.educationjustice.net/Population Served: Incarcerated men at Danville Correctional Center who have completed a minimum of 60 hours of coursework in the lower-level courses.Program Description: The Education Justice Project of the University of Illinois offers advanced undergraduate courses to qualified men incarcerated at Danville Correctional Center, a men’s medium-high security prison about forty miles from the Urbana-Champaign campus. EJP’s mission is to create a model university-in-prison program that demonstrates the transformative impacts of higher education upon incarcerated people, their families, the communities from which they come, and society as a whole. The Illinois Department of Corrections makes GED courses available at Danville and other state prisons. Danville Area Community College(DACC) has offered lower-division courses. The University of Illinois’s program picks up upon where DACC leaves off; offering upper-division courses to ones who seek to continue their education past the Associates’ level.INDIANAPurdue University North Central at Westville Correctional FacilityDavid CrumDirector, Correctional Education Programs(219) [email protected] BorawskiPost-Secondary Education Coordinator(219) [email protected] Served: Incarcerated students at Westville Correctional FacilityProgram Description: Academic Program leading to Associate Degree in Organizational Leadership & Supervision; Bachelor’s Degree in Liberal StudiesOakland City University Prison Ministries ProjectsContacts:Dr. Bernard Marley: [email protected] Served: Incarcerated students in Indiana correctional facilitiesBranchville Correctional FacilityMadison Correctional FacilityMiami Correctional FacilityRockville Correctional FacilityNewcastle Correctional FacilityIndiana Women’s PrisonProgram Description: Preparing people to serve others — OCU’s motto is: Enter to Learn, Go forth to ServeInside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Plainfield & Indianapolis)Steve HinnefeldIUB University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Facilities Served: Plainfield Re-Entry Educational Facility and Indiana’s Women’s Prison - Incarcerated students and IUPUI studentsProgram Description: UPUI faculty members Hyatt and Roger Jarjoura completed Inside-Out instructor training in the summer of 2006. Hyatt is an associate professor of anthropology in the School of Liberal Arts. Jarjoura is an associate professor of criminal justice in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs. The first Inside-Out class in Indiana took place at the Plainfield Re-Entry Educational Facility in 2007.Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Bloomington)Instructor [email protected] Served: Incarcerated students at Putnamville Correctional FacilityProgram Description: Micol Seigel, IU Bloomington assistant professor of African American and African Diaspora Studies, completed Inside-Out Instructor Training in the summer of 2009 and launched the first IU Bloomington Inside-Out course this spring with the help of Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis faculty members Susan Hyatt and Roger Jarjoura. The course is the first involving IU Bloomington in the Inside-Out program, which brings together students and incarcerated people — “outside” students and “inside” students — for a college-level course in which people from different backgrounds learn together as peers.Grace College Prison Extension ProgramJohn Teevan, [email protected] Krynock, [email protected] Ramsey, [email protected] Green, [email protected] Served: Incarcerated maximum-security individuals within the Indiana Department of CorrectionsProgram Description: The Prison Extension Program is part of the institution’s School of Adult and Community Education and operates as a contractor with the State of Indiana’s Department of Corrections (DOC) to provide post-secondary education to qualifying incarcerated people.Corrections Education Program (CEP)Indiana State UniversityKathleen WhiteInterim Director and Coordinator (Putnamville)Phone: [email protected] Served: Incarcerated individuals within the Indiana Department of Correction’s Putnamville Correctional Facility, Plainfield Correctional Facility, Rockville Correctional Facility, Wabash Valley Correctional Facility, and the Terre Haute Federal Correctional ComplexProgram Description: The mission of the Correction Education Program is to extend the programs and services of the University to support individuals in Indiana’s Correctional Facilities. The ISU mission applies to two specific student groups, benefiting both correctional staff and approved incarcerated populations as identified by the Department of Corrections.Ball State University Correctional Education ProgramOnline and Distance EducationCarmichael Hall, Room 200Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306Ted WardDirector, Correctional Education [email protected]: 765-285-1593Fax: 765-285-7161Population Served:Incarcerated men from Pendleton Correctional FacilityIOWAGrinnell Liberal Arts in Prison ProgramA private liberal arts college in IowaEmily Guenther, Program [email protected] Served: Incarcerated students in the Newton Correctional FacilityProgram Description: “As a teaching and learning community, the College holds that knowledge is a good to be pursued both for its own sake and for the intellectual, moral, and physical well-being of individuals and of society at large.” — Grinnell College Mission StatementThe Liberal Arts in Prison Program extends these convictions to incarcerated students at local prisons in order to engage them in experiences of new knowledge, respectful exchange of ideas, and progressive levels of achievement. The college believes this program supports the work of corrections staff to protect communities and transform lives, making the prisons safer, and preparing incarcerated people to return renewed to their families and communities.KANSASLansing Correctional Facility Program at Donnelly CollegeDonnelly [email protected] (Assistant to President’s Office)Population Served: Students of any category – Lansing Correctional Facility;minimum, medium or maximum security are eligible, as long as they have a record of good behavior.Program Description: Donnelly College offers an on-site Associate Degree program to incarcerated students of the Lansing Correctional Facility in Lansing, Kansas. As a Catholic institution, it believes that the program has a Christian aim to assist prisoners and directly complements the school’s founding mission “to provide education and community services with personal concern for the needs and abilities of each student, especially those who might not otherwise be served.”After earning accreditation for a second, satellite campus in 2001, Donnelly began offering classes at Lansing Correctional Facility. Since then, more than 325 students have taken courses: 14 have earned associate degrees and 155 (or 48% of former students) have been released from prison.LOUISIANALouisiana State UniversityIndependent & Distance Learning1225 Pleasant HallBaton Rouge, LA 70803Phone: 225-578-2500Toll Free: 800-234-5046Population Served: IncarceratedStudents of any federal correctional of state detention facility nationwide; as long as they have a record of good behavior.Dr. Norri Grubbs, John RobsonPopulation Served: Incarcerated students AT Angola Prison who scored satisfactorily on a pre-college exam given by NOBTS staff, and additionally hold a high school diploma or a GED.Program Description: New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary (NOBTS), Judson Baptist Association, and the Louisiana State Penitentiary planned and organized a program of theological training for church leaders at the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola during the summer of 1995 and was established in August of that same year.MAINEMaine State PrisonGary Upham, Principal807 Cushing RoadWarren, ME 04864Phone: [email protected] Served:Incarcerated individuals within Maine State PrisonProgram Description:The Maine State Prison Education Department offers a wide variety of academic and life skill programs. Two professional certified teachers oversee the academic programs and two days a week a computer lab is available. Available services included GED tutoring in math and English, high school completion courses through PLATO, art, music, and ABE tutoring on a weekly basis. We also have outside programs and tutors who work with small groups and individuals. A full time college program and vocational options are also part of the education department.MASSACHUSETTSBoston University Prison Education ProgramPrison Education Program | Boston UniversityJenifer Drew, Ph.D., DirectorBoston University Prison Education Programc/o Undergraduate Student ServicesDepartment of Applied Social Science808 Commonwealth AvenueBoston, MA617-353-2000, direct: [email protected] Served: Incarcerated men and women in BU program at MCI/Norfolk; MCI/Framingham; MCI/Bay State and a few Harvard sociology studentsProgram Description: The Boston University Prison Education Program was founded by labor organizer, tenant activist, and poet Elizabeth Barker. Together with BU President John Silber, Barker worked to have the Boston University Prison Education Program offer its first credit-bearing college courses at MCI/Norfolk, in 1972. In 1989, the Prison Education Program expanded to a second medium-security prison for men (MCI/Bay State), and by 1991 included MCI/Framingham Massachusetts’ only penal institution for women. BU continues to be a nationally recognized leader for its contribution to the lives of prisoners in the Program, and by extension, its contribution to the prisons they inhabit, the families they left behind, and the communities to which they will return.Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Northampton & Ludlow)International Headquarters of The Inside-Out Prison Exchange ProgramSimone Davis, Kristin Bumiller, and Martha Saxton (current professors in the program)Program Description: Amherst College and Mount Holyoke college professors Kristin Bumiller and Simone Davis adopted the Inside-Out model developed by Lori Pompa, who began the program to try to remove the boundaries created by classism, racism, and the stigma attached to incarceration. Under the Inside-Out model, college students and incarcerated students with all varying levels of prior education can enroll in courses at local jails. There are equal numbers of inside and outside students.Population Served: People who are incarcerated at Hampden County Correctional System and Hampshire County House of Corrections (also currently exploring expanding the program to other county facilities in the region)MICHIGANPrison Creative Arts Project (PCAP)Prison Creative Arts ProjectThe Prison Creative Arts ProjectUniversity of Michigan3187 Angell HallAnn Arbor, MI [email protected] Alexander, Founder4210 Eastgate DriveAnn Arbor, MI 48103734-426-4819Program Description: Founded in 1990, The Prison Creative Arts Project (PCAP) is committed to original work in the arts in Michigan correctional facilities, juvenile facilities, urban high schools, and communities across the state. PCAP’s process is guided by respect and a spirit of collaboration in which vulnerability, risk and improvisation lead to discovery. PCAP make possible the spaces in which the voices and visions of the incarcerated can be expressed. The program is housed in the Department of English language and Literature, and supported by English and the School of Art and Design at the University of Michigan. The following is taken from the program’s mission statement, “we believe that everyone has the capacity to create art. Art is necessary for individual and societal growth, connection and survival. It should be accessible to everyone. The values that guide on process are respect, collaboration in which vulnerability, risk, and improvisation lead to discovery and resilience, persistence, patience, love, and laughter.”Correctional Facilities Served: individuals incarcerated in Michigan (Michigan prisons and juvenile facilities), and the formerly incarceratedMINNESOTAInside-Out Prison Exchange Program (St. Paul)Jennifer J WingrenAssociate ProfessorSchool of Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice763-657-3760LECJECSt. Paul, [email protected] Served: The incarcerated at Dakota County JailProgram Description: The School of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice has held two successful classes at the Dakota County Law Enforcement Center. The Inside-Out program brings college students and incarcerated people together in a seminar setting to study criminal justice issues.The Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program is a dynamic partnership between institutions of higher learning and correctional systems. It is designed to deepen the conversation about and transform approaches to understanding crime, justice, freedom, inequality and other issues of social concern.Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Owatonna)Steele County Human ServicesKelly Harder, director507-444-7510kelly.harder@[email protected] Served: The incarcerated at Steele County Detention CenterProgram Description: Kristin Klamm-Doneen, an ethics professor at Riverland, adapted Lori Pompa’s Inside-Out national program to fit the needs of the county facility. She presented the concept to county officials who were receptive to the idea. The program was approved in fall 2008 and had its first offering in January, with a for-credit course called Philosophy of Social Justice.Minnesota Correctional Education Foundation (MCEF)1450 Energy Park Drive, Suite 200St. Paul, MN 55108651- 361-7200School Improvement and AccountabilityGoal 1: Create a learner-focused education system designed to close the achievement gap and produce mastery learning for all DOC offenders.Quality Program and ServicesGoal 2: Develop and deliver all DOC programs at the highest quality level. Transition SuccessGoal 3: Prepare each student for a successful transition to school, the workplace and life in their community.Leveraging TechnologyGoal 4: Integrate technology into the education program and improve operations, delivery of programs and support services.Correctional Education PresenceGoal 5: Advance correctional education’s presence through active collaboration, beneficial partnerships and enhanced public awareness.Facility LocationsMCF-Faribault, 1101 Linden Lane, Fraribault, MN 55021, 507-334-0700MCF-Lino Lakes, 7525 Fourth Avenue, Lino Lakes, MN 55014, 651-717-6100MCF-Oak Park Heights, 5329 Osgood Avenue North, Stillwater, MN 55082, 651-779-1400MCF-Rush City, 7600 525th Street, Rush City, MN 55069, 320-358-0400MCF-Saint Cloud, 2305 Minnesota Blvd SE, St. Cloud, MN 55379, 320-240-3000MCF-Shakopee (Women), 1010 West 6th Avenue, Shakopee, MN 55379, 952-496-4440MCF-Stillwater, 970 Pickett Street, Bayport, MN 55003, 651-779-2700MCF-Willow River/Moose Lake, 1000 Lake Shore Drive, Moose Lake, MN 55767, 218-485-5000MISSISSIPPIUniversity of Mississippi – “Ole Miss”Mailing Address:Ole Miss OnlineP.O. Box 1848University, MS 38677Physical Address:617 All-American Drive371 Martindale Student Services Center, Suite MUniversity, MS 38677phone: 662-915-1267Fax: 662-915-1221Online degree programs: [email protected] Courses: [email protected] are committed to providing quality online teaching and learning opportunities at the University of Mississippi. The goal of Ole Miss Online is to:Partner with academic departments to identify and develop comprehensive distance education programs and to increase course offerings,· Empower Ole Miss colleagues to create quality online courses and continually enhance online courses through faculty development that fosters personal and professional growth,· Utilize technologies as tools to enhance academic instructions and connect people within the university community,· Increase awareness of online learning to the Ole Miss community, and· Provide high quality support services for faculty and studentMISSOURISaint Louis University Prison ProgramKenneth L. Parker, Director, Prison [email protected] Gould (Assistant Professor, Communication)[email protected] Johnston (Associate Professor, English)[email protected],314-.977-.3013Co-directors Prison Arts and Education Program.Population Served: Incarcerated men and prison staff at the Eastern Reception, Diagnostic and Correctional CenterProgram Description: Theology professor Kenneth Parker, Ph.D., founded the SLU Prison Program after watching a story on 60 Minutes about a similar effort at Bard College in New York. With the approval of University administrators and state officials — as well as funding from the Incarnate Word Foundation — SLU began offering a certificate in theological studies to incarcerated people in early 2008. Fifteen incarcerated students completed the five-course program in May 2010.University of MissouriParent Link (Parenting Information for Incarcerated Parents)College of EducationPhone Toll-free: 800-552-8522NEW JERSEYPrison Teaching InitiativePrinceton University - HomeAndrew NurkinSenior Program CoordinatorPace Center, Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ [email protected] KnappProfessor of Astrophysical SciencesPrinceton UniversityPrinceton, NJ [email protected] Served: Incarcerated individuals from the Garden State Youth Correctional Facility and Albert C. Wagner Youth Correctional FacilitProgram Description: Mark Krumholz started the program, now called Prison Teaching Initiative, partly because of his experiences as a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley. He taught math and science courses at San Quentin State Prison in a long running program that offered about a dozen classes per semester. PTI has grown slowly since, and now offers 9-10 courses per semester which supplement other courses taught by paid instructors from Mercer County Community College. The College of New Jersey has recently joined the partnership.Partnership for Religion and Education in Prison (PREP)Drew UniversityMargaret Quern AtkinsPREP CoordinatorDrew Theological [email protected] Served: Incarcerated students from Edna Mahan Correctional Facility for Women (Clinton); Northern State Prison for Men (Newark) and theological students from DrewProgram Description: PREP is a theological educational program that creates opportunities for a joint theological learning environment between theological students and students within State correctional facilities. Based in several models of prison educational programming across the country, PREP forges new partnerships between places of theological learning, organizations with educational programs in the prisons, and correctional institutions. PREP uses contextual education and tenets of practical theology as it offers Drew’s theological students, faculty, and practicing ministers a chance to connect with the outside world through meaningful pedagogical methods. Through combined classrooms, a diverse student body can interact and engage with one another in meaningful academic discourse.The College of New Jersey (TCNJ) Center for Prison Outreach and EducationCelia [email protected]@tcnj.eduPopulation Served: Juvenile and adult “youth” offenders under age 35 at targeted facilities such as Albert C. Wagner Youth Correctional Facility, Garden State Youth Correctional Facility (both in Bordentown NJ), and other central NJ detention centers. The population of the principal facilities, AC Wagner and Garden State, consists of males ages 18-35 at minimum, medium, and maximum levels of security.Program Description: TCNJ Center for Prison Outreach and Education coordinates and oversees new Associates degree tracks and a year-round, non-credit academic enrichment and tutoring program for incarcerated people of Albert C. Wagner Youth Correctional Facility and Garden State Youth Correctional Facility. It provides varied educational experiences in other penal institutions in central New Jersey, as well.NEW YORKNew York Theological Seminary Master’s of Professional Studies ProgramNew York Theological SeminaryDale Irvin (President of NYTS)[email protected] Served: Incarcerated people serving at Sing Sing, Green Haven, Arthurkill, Fishkill, Mid-Orange, Eastern, and Woodbourne Correctional Facilities possessing a high school diploma or its equivalent and are engaged in ministry or community service while incarcerated. All faiths are welcome.Program Description: In 1981, Ed Muller, a Pastor and chaplain at Green Haven Prison and KarelBoersma, a pastor and volunteer at Green Haven, came to Dr. Webber with a request that the seminary create a curricular extension program for incarcerated Christians and Muslims of strong faith who had a desire to provide pastoral care inside of the prison. They claimed that pastoral care needs were so great that outside chaplains could not address them all. Dr. Webber agreed and collaborated with Rev. Dr. Earl Moore, Deputy Commissioner of the New York State Department of Corrections, responsible for Ministerial and Family Services, and an NYTS alumnus, to create a Master in Professional Studies (MPS) degree for incarcerated people.Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Poughkeepsie)Program Website:N/AVassar professors:Mary [email protected] [email protected] Inside-Out Program at Taconic is coordinated through Hudson Link for Higher Education in PrisonPopulation Served: Incarcerated women Taconic Correctional Facility for Women and Vassar studentsProgram Description: The two professors, along with 10 Vassar students, traveled from Poughkeepsie to the medium security women’s prison in Bedford Hills, Westchester County, once a week during the spring 2009 semester to join with 12 incarcerated students for a two-and-a-half hour class.Unique Features: The course marks the first time that the DOCS in New York State has permitted a mixed classroom of traditional college students with the incarcerated as part of a curriculum for college credit.Hudson Link for Higher Education in PrisonHome | www.hudsonlink.orgSean Pica, Executive [email protected]. Box 862Ossining, NY [email protected] Link for Higher Education in PrisonPopulation Served: Men and women who are incarcerated at Fishkill, Sing Sing and Sullivan Correctional Facilities for Men and Taconic Correctional Facility for Women; requirements include either a GED or high school diploma. We also assist Hudson Link graduates after they are released from prison.Program Description: Hudson Link for Higher Education in Prison provides college education, life skills and re-entry support to incarcerated men and women to help them make a positive impact on their own lives, their families and communities, resulting in lower rates of recidivism, incarceration and poverty.Unique Features: Hudson Link has expanded its programming to include a pre-college program to prepare potential students for the rigors of obtaining a college degree. Hudson Link Alumni work as tutors and mentors to the pre-college students.The Consortium of the Niagara FrontierRobert Hausrath, [email protected] Served: People who are incarcerated in Attica Correctional Facility and the Wyoming Correctional Facility. Students must have a GED or a high school diploma and must pass a basics skills exam to be accepted into the program. While enrolled, students must maintain a 2.0 GPA in their courses to continue to participate in the program.Program Description: Established in 1975 at Attica Correctional Facility, a maximum security prison for men in Wyoming County, New York, the Consortium of the Niagara Frontier is one of the oldest PSCE programs in New York State. Offering Associate’s and Bachelor’s degrees in Social Sciences or Humanities, the Consortium consists of Niagara University, Canisius College, and Daemen College. In 2001, the Consortium left Attica and now operates only at Wyoming Correctional Facility, a medium security prison for men also located in the town of Attica.Cornell Prison Education ProgramCornell Prison Education ProgramDr. James (Jim) Schecter, Executive [email protected] Prison Education ProgramRobert Turgeon, Faculty [email protected] Served: Incarcerated women of Bedford Hills Correctional Facility; Applicants to the program take placement examinations in basic mathematics, reading comprehension, and essay writing. Depending upon their scores, they are either placed into non-credit preparatory courses or matriculate directly into credit-bearing classes.Program Description: The Cornell Prison Education Program was established to provide college courses to incarcerated students at a maximum and medium security prison in upstate New York, and to engage Cornell faculty and students with the vital issue of the country’s burgeoning incarceration population. The Cornell Prison Education Program is dedicated to supporting incarcerated persons’ academic ambitions and preparation for successful re-entry. We believe that Cornell faculty and student engagement as instructors at correctional facilities manifests Ezra Cornell’s commitment to founding an institution where “any person can find instruction in any study.”Population Served: Incarcerated men and corrections staff at Auburn and Cayuga Correctional FacilitiesBedford Hills College ProgramAileen Baumgartner, [email protected] ext. 4514Program Description: Through the Bedford Hills College Program, Marymount Manhattan College offers non-credited College-preparatory courses and credit-bearing courses leading to Associate of Arts degrees in Social Science and Bachelor of Arts degrees in Sociology at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility, a New York State maximum-security prison for women.In 1995, laws were passed preventing federal monies from being used for educating the incarcerated, causing many prison programs across the country to close their doors – including the one at Bedford Hills. A task force, chaired by then-superintendent Elaine Lord and comprised of education specialists and the incarcerated at the facility, found that the impact of higher education substantially reduced re-incarceration rates. To re-establish the college program without state and federal funding, the taskforce created a consortium of schools that would donate funds and faculty to continue the college program.Unique Features: In addition to supplying the necessary classroom space, the correctional facility supplies room for a learning center that contains the college’s computer lab and the on-site library, staffed by a dedicated coterie of volunteers from the Bedford Hills area.Bard Prison Initiative (BPI)Bard CollegeDaniel Karpowitz, Director of Policy & [email protected] Kenner, Executive [email protected], 845-758-7308Bard CollegePO Box 5000Annandale-on-HudsonNY 12504-5000Population Served: Women and men who are incarcerated at the Eastern Correctional Facility, Woodbourne Correctional Facility Elmira Correctional Facility, Green Haven Correctional Facility, otBayview Correctional Facility; students must have a GED or high school diploma and program administrators cap admission at 15 spots each year.Program Description: BPI offers college inside three long-term, maximum-security prisons and two transitional medium-security prisons. Founded in 1999 by former Bard student Max Kenner, BPI gives men and women the opportunity to earn a degree from Bard College, a highly regarded private liberal arts university. Providing curriculum in line with a traditional liberal arts program, BPI offers Associate’s and Bachelor’s degrees and holds classes identical to those taught at Bard College at Annandale-on- Hudson. The admissions office on Bard’s traditional campus makes decisions about acceptance into the Bachelor’s program based on an incarcerated student’s perceived preparedness and regardless of class size at the correctional facility. Incarcerated students are required to have a Bard Associate’s degree before they can apply to the Bachelor’s degree program. BPI now enrolls nearly 200 women and men fulltime in a rigorous and diverse liberal arts curriculum, offering both associate and bachelor degrees.John Jay College/CUNYPrisoner Reentry InstituteJohn Jay College of Criminal Justice555 W. 57th Street, 6th FloorNew York, NY 10019Phone: 212-484-1399NORTH CAROLINAUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Friday Center for Continuing Education with North Carolina Department for CorrectionsHome - The William and Ida Friday Center for Continuing EducationBrick Oettinger, Associate Director for Correctional [email protected] Served: Incarcerated individuals from approximately twenty-five participating North Carolina correctional facilities (on-site classroom courses)with a GED score of at least 250, a WRAT reading grade level of at least 10.0, or prior college academic credits. The sentence criteria exclude all whose parole eligibility and discharge dates are more than 10 years in the future. 18- to 25-year-old individuals funded by Federal Youth Offender Act grants must be within five years of parole eligibility or discharge date.Program Description: The North Carolina Department of Correction works with UNC-Chapel Hill’s Friday Center for Continuing Education to provide a variety of tuition-free university courses and educational services to incarcerated people. Only those incarcerated in the North Carolina prison system qualify for the Correctional Education Program.Programs Offered: Self-paced Correspondence Courses:These courses have a nine-month enrollment period. A renewal of four months is available for a $30 fee (paid by the Correctional Education Program).Unique Features:N/AHeadquarters:NCCorrectional Facilities Served:OHIOInside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Cincinnati)All for One. One For All.Peg HubbardDepartment of Criminal [email protected] ShimrockFacilitator, Inside-Out [email protected] Served: Incarcerated men and Xavier students; The men at Lebanon Correctional Institution (LeCI) go through the same screening process as Xavier students. They fill out a similar application and are interviewed by the same panel. The intention of the instructors is to choose a mix of students (race, socioeconomic, opinions, criminal history, education, etc.) to ensure class discussion is enriched by varying viewpoints.Program Description: The Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program is a semester-long overview of current social justice topics, taught inside a local prison. Curriculum includes exploration of why people commit crime; what prisons are for; analysis of the Criminal Justice system; punishment and rehabilitation; victims and victimization; restorative justice; myths and realities of prison life.Inside/Outside (ISOS)Jefferson [email protected] Served: Adults from River City Correctional Center with substance abuse issues who would otherwise be sent to Ohio penitentiaries.Program Description: Inside/Outside began in February 2001 with the participation of individual artists and collaborating organizations in an intensive training conducted in Cincinnati by the Pat Graney Dance Company of Seattle. The training involved Cincinnati participants in the creation of an integrated arts program for women at River City.Ohio University College Program for the Incarcerated (CIP)MFEWelcome to Ohio UniversityKen Armstrong, Director of Independent [email protected]@ohio.eduHaning Hall 222Ohio UniversityAthens, OH 45701800-444-2420800-444-2910Population Served: People who are incarceratedProgram Description: Since 1974, the College Program for the Incarcerated (CPI) has provided incarcerated men and women with courses and degree opportunities to further their educational goals. Ohio University seeks to meet the diverse needs of incarcerated distance learners. Through CPI, both associates and bachelor’s degrees are available. Each student is assigned an academic advisor to assist in successfully planning a degree program.Although CPI cannot offer financial aid to incarcerated students, or the option of partial payments, a significant discount through the Comprehensive Fee Plan is offered. Some students may qualify for VA benefits. Ohio University is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. The College Program for the Incarcerated is administered by the Office of Independent Study.Zane State CollegeLinda Applegarth (Interim Coordinator of Prison Education)[email protected] Served: People who are incarcerated at the Belmont Correctional InstitutionProgram Description: The College provides instructors who offer credit courses in two short-term certificate programs.OREGONInside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Wilsonville)Julie Kopett, Director of [email protected] Spring, Assistant Director of Community-University [email protected] Served: People who are incarcerated at the Coffee Creek Correctional FacilityProgram Description: The Inside-Out Capstone course provides an opportunity for a small group of students from Portland State University and a group of residents from Coffee Creek Correctional facility to exchange perceptions about crime, justice, and how societal structures and culture define crime and justice. The course is called “Inside-Out Prison ExchangeInside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Salem, Oregon State University)[email protected] Served: People who are incarcerated at the Oregon State PenitentiaryProgram Description: Inside Out is a program that began in 1997 with a select group of Pennsylvania incarcerated individuals and students who had the common goal of studying crime, justice and social issues that affect society at large. Since then it has expanded and through the help of Professor Michelle Inderbitzen the program has made its way to Oregon State University. The goal of Inside Out at OSU is first and foremost to exchange ideas and perceptions and gain a deeper knowledge of crime, the criminal justice system, corrections and imprisonment.Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Salem, University of Oregon)Steven Shankman, Professor of English and [email protected] Served: People who are incarcerated at the Oregon State PenitentiaryProgram Description: Since 2007, University of Oregon (UO) Professor Steven Shankman has taught three Inside-Out Classes through the Clark Honors College (CHC) at the Oregon State Penitentiary. Courses are taught in an integrated classroom with outside students (from the Honors College) and inside students (who are incarcerated at Oregon State Penitentiary). Students study course materials together, and participate in dialogue about the texts and the larger questions of social justice and social inequalities. Since then, more than sixty CHC students have participated in Inside-Out classes at the Oregon State Penitentiary.College InsideNancy Green, Director of Corrections [email protected] Served: Incarcerated individuals from designated institutions (Oregon State Penitentiary, Oregon State Correctional Institution, Mill Creek Correctional Facility) with less than five years left on their sentence, a high school diploma or equivalency, and 18 months of clear conduct. Those meeting the education and clear conduct requirement that have outside funding or can self-pay also enroll in the program.Program Description: The College Inside program is a degree program designed to allow incarcerated students to obtain a two-year college degree that can transfer to a four year university with a focus on general studies, Business or Automotive Technology. College Inside allows students to be in control of their own educational and employment future. The program requires students to think and plan for the future, outside of prison. The program is not just something to do while in prison. It requires effort, responsibility, drive, and commitment.PENNSYLVANIAThe Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Philadelphia)Temple UniversitySuite 331, MB 66-101810 Liacouras WalkPhiladelphia, PA 19122Phone: 215-204-5163 | Fax: [email protected] Served: Prisons and jails in 25+ states - In each program branch: 9-18 campus-enrolled undergraduates and 9-18 incarcerated (or sentenced) students (in equal numbers)Program Description: Headquartered at Temple University, The Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program® is a national program that offers semester-long, college classes behind bars to groups of students of whom half are incarcerated and half are college students from outside. These seminars are offered in many academic disciplines, but they always emphasize collaboration, critical thinking, and dialogue, with course themes usually focusing on the study of some aspect of our society’s approach to crime and punishment. Every year at least three week-long intensive instructor training institutes prepare faculty from around the country and abroad to build effective correctional-academic partnerships in their home region, to find means to offer credit to inside students wherever possible.This work is fundamentally shaped by the perspectives of people in prison.Community College of Allegheny CountyDistance Learning Center800 Allegheny Avenue; Room 123Pittsburgh, PA 15233412.237.2239fax: 412.237.8187Proctored testing fax: [email protected] learning 412-237-8700For incarcerated individuals: any prison administrator such as a warden or medical administrator, a prison counselor or prison librarianNorthampton Community College3835 Green Pond RoadBethlehem, PA 18020610-861-5300Serving the Lehigh Valley and beyondProgram Description: NCC has helped students of all ages and backgrounds answer one of life's biggest questions.NCC is committed to quality, affordable higher education. We strive for accessibility, with courses scheduled at multiple campuses and locations during the day and evening, on weekends and online. You can choose from nearly 100 transfer and career programs leading to associate's degrees, certificates and diplomas.RHODE ISLANDRhode Island Department of Corrections Education UnitYour Page TitleRalph [email protected] Served: Incarcerated individuals at any Adult Correctional InstitutionProgram Description: Participants have the opportunity to earn college credits for various liberal arts and/or business offerings in classes offered by the community college. Course offerings vary by semester. Academic requirements of the AA degrees are followed to enable students to attain the AA degree while incarcerated or allow them to continue to pursue the AA degree upon release. Vocational post-secondary offerings vary by semester and lead to the obtainment of trade related certificates of completion and/or licenses as applicable.

#Residency rights of Tibetan refugees, including the requirements and procedures for Tibetan refugees to obtain a Registration Certificate; rights to employment, education, health care, and other social services; consequences for Tibetans without a Registration Certificate, including instances of refoulement, 2 January 2015, IND105009.E, available at: Refworld | India:1. OverviewEstimates of the number of Tibetans living in India vary by source, ranging from 100,000 (IANS 22 Oct. 2014) to 150,000 people (US 27 Feb. 2014, 31).#In correspondence with the Research Directorate, a representative of the Department of Home of the Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) [1] explained that after 1959, when Tibetan people followed the Dalai Lama into exile in India, Indian authorities provided Tibetans with settlement land that is leased to them by the Indian government (CTA 8 Dec. 2014). Sources indicate that Tibetans have settlements in 10 Indian states (The Statesman 28 Aug. 2014; TJC Sept. 2011, 60): Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, South Sikkim, West Bengal, Maharashtra, and Orissa (ibid.). In a 2011 report entitled Tibet's Stateless Nationals II: Tibetan Refugees in India, the Oakland, California-based Tibet Justice Center (TJC) [2], states that there are 37 formal settlements as well as 70 informal communities scattered throughout India (ibid.). This source states that approximately 75 percent of Tibetans live in Tibetan settlements and approximately 20,000 Tibetan monks live in approximately 200 monasteries (ibid., 61). The same source notes that 40 percent of Tibetans who live in settlements reside in the southern state of Karnataka. (ibid.).#The 2011 TJC report further explains that many Tibetans live in inadequate shelters in overcrowded settlements, since additional land was not provided by the Indian authorities after the first influx of Tibetan refugees arrived (ibid.). Approximately 16,000-18,000 Tibetans live in Dharamsala and its surrounding area (IANS 22 Oct. 2014), which is the headquarters for the Tibetan Administration in Exile [1] (ibid.; Professor 3 Dec. 2014; Open 15 Mar. 2014).#According to the Times of India, Tibetans are required to inform local authorities before leaving the settlement area (The Times of India 20 Nov. 2012).#The TJC report notes that the CTA appoints a settlement officer for each Tibetan settlement in India, while residents choose a "deputy leader" (TJC Sept. 2011, 62). The Indian government retains authority over the settlements, but according to the TJC report, the government "allow[s] the CTA to manage most of their internal affairs" and "seldom interferes with the internal governance of the settlements" (ibid.). Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response.#Sources indicate that India is not a signatory to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention (Open 15 Mar. 2014; TJC Sept. 2011, 59) nor does it have national laws regarding refugee protection (ibid.). The TJC report also notes that Tibetans do not have "permanent legal status in India" (ibid., 47). Sources report that officially, Tibetans do not have refugee status and are classified as "foreigners" (Open 15 Mar. 2014; Professor 3 Dec. 2014). The US Department of State's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013 notes that India's Foreigner's Act, 1946 does not contain the term "refugee" and does not distinguish refugees as being treated differently than other foreigners (US 27 Feb. 2014, 30).#2. Residency RightsSources indicate that the right to residency in India for Tibetans is contingent on the possession of a Registration Certificate (RC) (BDL 2 Dec. 2014; The Times of India 24 Aug. 2012), which is similar to an identity card (ibid.).#In correspondence with the Research Directorate, the Secretary of the Bureau of His Holiness the Dalai Lama (BDL), which is located in New Delhi, functions as "the nodal agent of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and the Central Tibetan Administration," and liaises with Indian government agencies, foreign embassies, NGOs and other bodies on behalf of the CTA (BDL n.d.), explained that with an RC, a Tibetan can work and study in India (BDL 2 Dec. 2014). The Indian English-language daily newspaper the Statesman notes that an RC is needed for employment, to open a bank account, to obtain a driver's license and to obtain a travel document (The Statesman 22 Apr. 2012).#2.1 Issuance of Registration Certificates (RCs)#The TJC report explains that India began issuing RCs to Tibetans en masse in 1959 when they began arriving in India, following the Dalai Lama into exile, and continued a policy of issuing new RCs to new Tibetan arrivals until 1979 (TJC Sept. 2011, 45). The same source said that in the 1980s and early 1990s, despite a national policy to no longer issue RCs to new arrivals, "India tended to turn a blind eye to the absorption of new arrivals into existing Tibetan communities and to the issuance of unauthorized RCs" (ibid., 46). The TJC report further noted that beginning in the early 1990s, the CTA and the Indian government began a policy of voluntary repatriation of new arrivals and most new arrivals found it "exceedingly difficult" to obtain an RC (ibid.).#According to the Secretary of the BDL, Tibetans born in India can obtain an RC upon graduating from high school (BDL 2 Dec. 2014). Similarly, the representative of the CTA's Department of Home said that Tibetans who are 17 years of age and older can obtain an RC, provided that their parents have an RC (CTA 8 Dec. 2014). The same source said that Tibetans who are orphans must have a recommendation letter from their school administration to obtain an RC (ibid.).#The representative of the CTA's Department of Home explained that, in order to obtain an RC, applicants must fill out a form issued by the Foreign Registration Office (FRO) and submit it at the FRO (ibid.). Similarly, a Times of India article indicates that Tibetans must go to the Foreigner Regional Registration Office (FRRO) to be issued or to renew an RC (2 Mar. 2014). The TJC report includes a sample copy of an RC as an appendix to its report, which is an attachment to this Response.#Sources indicate that as of 2012, an RC can be renewed for a maximum of five years (The Statesman 22 Apr. 2012; The Times of India 24 Aug. 2012). To renew an RC for five years, the person must have lived in India for 20 years (ibid.; The Statesman 22 Apr. 2012; Professor 3 Dec. 2014), or must have been born in India (ibid., The Statesman 22 Apr. 2012). The Times of India explains that all other individuals must continue to renew their RC annually (The Times of India 24 Aug. 2012). The CTA Department of Home representative indicated that prior to 2013, RCs needed to be renewed every six or twelve months for all Tibetans (CTA 8 Dec. 2014).#The representative of the CTA's Department of Home said that an RC must be renewed or extended 15 days prior to expiration (ibid.). The same source indicated that those who do not renew their RC before the expiration may be denied renewal of the RC, although the FRO sometimes renews expired RCs "on humanitarian ground" (ibid. 31 Dec. 2014). According to the 2011 TJC report, renewal of RCs is "generally routine, but it remains subject to the discretion of the Indian authorities" (TJC Sept. 2011, 47). The Secretary of the BDL said that he is not aware of any cases in which RCs were not renewed (BDL 26 Dec. 2014). Neither the Secretary of the BDL nor the representative of the CTA's Department of Home had statistics on RC renewals (CTA 31 Dec. 2014; BDL 26 Dec. 2014), but the CTA Department of Home representative estimated that more than 90 percent of Tibetans in India renew their RCs on time (CTA 31 Dec. 2014).#2.2 Special Entry PermitsThe Secretary of the BDL said that Tibetans coming to India from Tibet are required to have a Special Entry Permit (SEP) issued by the Indian Embassy in Nepal (BDL 2 Dec. 2014). According to the TJC report, the SEP program began in 2003 (TJC Sept. 2011, 49). TJC notes that RCs issued to the bearers of SEPs must be renewed every six months or one year, depending on the district of issuance (ibid., 50). TJC notes that those with SEPs for the purpose of education are able to obtain RCs, while those who come for the purpose of "pilgrimage" are not eligible for an RC and typically cannot stay past six months (ibid.). In December 2014 correspondence with the Research Directorate, a professor of law at Touro Law Center, Touro College in Central Islip, New York, who specializes in legal issues related to Tibetan refugees in India and conducted field research for the TJC in India in June 2014, the "pilgrimage" category for SEPs has "just been eliminated" [3] (Professor 16 Dec. 2014). She also explained that Tibetans who enter with SEPs for the purpose of education "lack a legal basis for remaining and renewing their RCs" once they have completed their education (ibid.).#According to the Professor, some Tibetans avoid the reception center in Nepal because it "has become very dangerous for Tibetans," and try to find alternative routes to India (ibid.). She explained that if they are successful in reaching India, they do not have a way to receive an RC since they lack the SEP (ibid.).#3. Rights to Employment, Education, Health Care, and Other Services#According to the TJC, Tibetans have high rates of unemployment and underemployment (TJC Sept. 2011, 67). Open, a weekly current affairs and features magazine available across India (Open n.d.), indicates that Tibetans have limited employment opportunities (ibid. 15 Mar. 2014). Sources indicate that Tibetans are not allowed to start their own large-scale businesses (ANI 21 June 2014; TJC Sept. 2011, 67) and are ineligible for jobs with the government of India (ibid.).#The TJC report notes that Tibetans residing in India primarily work in the fields of agriculture, animal husbandry, manufacturing and selling sweaters and other textiles, and in the service industry (ibid., 65-66). Overcrowding in the settlements makes support from agriculture increasingly difficult (ibid., 66). The same source states that the majority of Tibetans who work outside the settlements work as "small shopkeepers, food-stand owners, and peddlers" (ibid., 67).#According to the TJC report, the CTA provides health services to Tibetans as well as an education system for Tibetan children (ibid., 62, 63). According to the same source, Tibetans without RCs "face difficulties obtaining benefits or services, including education and medical treatment that the CTA often supplied to Tibetans with RCs" (ibid., 47).#The CTA's Department of Health, which was established in 1981, states that there are 7 hospitals, 4 "Primary Health Centers" and 43 health clinics in Tibetan refugee settlements in India and Nepal (CTA n.d.a). According to the TJC report, Tibetans can also seek healthcare from village health centres under the jurisdiction of local governments, which provide free healthcare to rural populations (TJC Sept. 2011, 62). However, the TJC notes that these centres are understaffed and lack adequate resources (ibid.).#According to the TJC report, the CTA-operated school system in India for Tibetan children is under "severe stress" from growth and overcrowding in the settlements (TJC Sept. 2011, 63). The TJC indicates that most Tibetans do not attend college due to a lack of funds (ibid., 64).#According to the CTA's website, the CTA's Department of Education oversees 73 Tibetan schools in India and Nepal, providing education to approximately 24,000 Tibetan students (CTA n.d.c). There are different administrative bodies under the umbrella of the CTA's Department of Education (ibid.). One administrative body, the Central Tibetan School Administration (CTSA), operates 28 schools in India for Tibetans, 6 of which are residential schools and 22 of which are day schools (CTA n.d.b). Approximately 10,000 students are enrolled at Tibetan schools operated by the CTSA (ibid.). In addition, there are also 17 Tibetan schools for orphaned and destitute Tibetan children administered by the Tibetan's Children Village and 12 schools in remote locations from the mainstream Tibetan community that are administered by the Sambhota Tibetan Schools Society (ibid. n.d.d).#4. Political RightsThe TJC states that Indian authorities sometimes restrict the right of Tibetans "to demonstrate, associate, and express themselves politically" (TJC Sept. 2011, 59). According to the New Indian Express, the government policy of India is to prohibit Tibetans from political activity (6 Jan. 2013). Open states that Tibetans "must keep their political voices muffled" (15 Mar. 2014).#CNN reports that 200-300 Tibetans were arrested in March 2012 after 1,000 Tibetans staged a protest in New Delhi against the Chinese President's visit during a BRICS [Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa] summit in March 2012 (CNN 28 Mar. 2012).#The Professor indicated that there have been recent court cases to prohibit public displays of Tibetan prayer flags and stones (Professor 3 Dec. 2014).#However, sources indicate that Tibetans who were born in India were allowed to register to vote in India's 2014 elections for the first time (IANS 22 Oct. 2014; The Times of India 2 Mar. 2014). According to the Times of India, India's Election Commission ordered all states to include Tibetans born in India between 1950 and 1987 in its electoral lists (ibid.).#5. Land RightsSources report that Tibetans are not allowed to own land in India (Open 15 Mar. 2014; ANI 21 June 2014; Professor 3 Dec. 2014). The Professor noted that because non-citizens are not allowed to own land, the standard procedure is for a Tibetan who wants to purchase land to find an Indian to put the land in his or her name, a practice known as "benami" (ibid.). The Professor reported that there is a land case in Dharamsala to evict Tibetan holders of benami land (ibid.). Further and corroborating information could not be found within the time constraints of this Response.#The Professor reported that there have been several land eviction cases involving Tibetans (ibid.). She provided one example in which 114 Tibetan families in Shimla were being evicted from land that they have been living on for 30-40 years (ibid.). In another example, 218 Tibetan families in Dharamsala were being evicted purportedly because the land was designated as "'forest land'" after they settled there in the 1960s (ibid.). In both cases, the Professor indicated that the states issued the eviction notices and that settlement talks did not occur until the CTA intervened and got the federal government involved (ibid.). Further and corroborating information could not be found within the time constraints of this Response.#6. Tibetan Rehabilitation Policy 2014Sources report that on 20 October 2014, the government of India issued the "Tibetan Rehabilitation Policy 2014," which allows Tibetans access to social benefit programs run by the government of India (CTA 8 Dec. 2014; IANS 22 Oct. 2014). According to the Hindustan Times, an Indian English-language daily newspaper, the new policy allows Tibetans to access benefits under the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and the Public Distribution System (The Hindustan Times 12 Nov. 2014). The same source indicates that the policy also requires state governments to sign lease agreements with the Central Tibetan Relief Committee for the land occupied by Tibetan refugees (ibid.). The Indo-Asian News Service (IANS) reports that the policy allows Tibetans to access jobs in which they are professionally qualified, such as in the fields of nursing, teaching, chartered accountancy, medicine and engineering and allows Tibetans to get a trade license and permit [to start their own enterprises] (IANS 22 Oct. 2014).#However, the representative of the CTA Department of Home explained that the implementation of the "Tibetan Rehabilitation Policy 2014" depends on a decision by state governments to do so (CTA 8 Dec. 2014). Similarly, the Professor said that portions of the policy "are merely suggestions to the state governments" (Professor 3 Dec. 2014). She noted that the implementation of the policy will need to be monitored to determine "what changes are actually made" and "whether it is having any effect on the lives of Tibetans in India" (ibid.).7. Situation of Tibetans without RCsThe TJC report notes that Tibetans without an RC have difficulty securing housing, since most landlords require proof of legal status, and also have difficulty finding employment because "most businesses, including those run by the CTA, condition employment on possession of an RC" (TJC Sept. 2011, 47).According to the Secretary of the BDL, Tibetans without valid RCs face arrest and fines, but he said that he was not aware of cases of deportation for not having an RC (BDL 5 Dec. 2014). The Professor indicated that Tibetans without RCs face detention and deportation in addition to arrest and fines (Professor 3 Dec. 2014). The Times of India reported cases in which Tibetans were arrested for not having valid documents (The Times of India 20 Nov. 2012).The Professor stated that "[w]ithout a valid RC, Tibetans' presence in India is illegal which renders them vulnerable and subject to harassment by the police, detention, fines and deportation" (Professor 3 Dec. 2014). She conducted eighteen in-depth interviews with government officials and others in Delhi, Shimla and Dharamsala in June 2014, to determine whether Tibetans without valid RCs were being arrested and/or deported (ibid.). She provided the Research Directorate with details of four case files from 2012 and 2013 in which Tibetans were subject to arrest, fines and deportation under Section 14 of the Foreigners Act, 1946 [4] (ibid.). Prison sentences, which occurred in three of the four cases, ranged from 35 days to seven months (ibid.). In one case from 2012, a Tibetan monk was arrested and prosecuted for not having a valid RC and was sentenced to 35 days imprisonment, followed by deportation (ibid.). The Professor said that, to the best of her knowledge, the deportation was carried out (ibid.). She explained that the defendant had entered India in 1999, at a time when the government of India was not issuing RCs (ibid. 16 Dec. 2014). In two cases from 2013, deportations were ordered, but were not carried out because the defendant renewed his RC in one case and was granted a stay by the High Court in order to renew his RC in the other (ibid. 3 Dec. 2014). However, even though the High Court granted a stay in the one 2013 case, the court found that the deportation order was still "'appropriate and in accordance with the law'" (ibid.). In the fourth case, from 2013, a Tibetan who could not produce an RC after police stopped him and asked for his ID during a routine patrol, was fined 1,000 rupees [approximately C $18], sentenced to seven months in prison, and ordered deported (ibid.). The case was appealed, but the court upheld the punishment and deportation upon completion of the defendant's prison sentence (ibid.). According to the Professor, the defendant was deported and is "reportedly in a Chinese jail" (ibid. 16 Dec. 2014). Further and corroborating information about these cases could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response.The US Department of State's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013 states that under the Foreigner's Act, 1946, refugees are treated as any other foreigners, and that their presence in India without valid travel documents or residential documents is treated as a "criminal offense, rendering refugees without appropriate documentation vulnerable to refoulement and other abuses" (US 27 Feb. 2014, 30). However, Country Reports 2013 stated that there "were no reports that the government refouled refugees during the year" (ibid.).The CTA's Department of Home representative said that Tibetans without RCs are "legally subject to deportation" (CTA 31 Dec. 2014). Regarding the situation of Tibetans who have an expired RC, he cited a case from Himachal Pradesh in which a Tibetans who failed to renew his RC on time was imprisoned for a few months, although the Indian government intervened to stop his deportation (ibid.).1] The Central Tibetan Administration was established by His Holiness the Dalai Lama in 1959 as a continuation of the government of an independent Tibet (also referred to as the Tibetan Administration in Exile) (CTA n.d.e). His Holiness the Dalai Lama the 14th retired in 2011 as the political leader of Tibetans in exile, but continues to act as their spiritual leader (Dalai Lama 19 Mar. 2011). He established a democratic system of governance for Tibetans in exile and ended the system of rule by which the Dalai Lama is both the political and spiritual authority for Tibetans (ibid.). According to the CTA's Office of Tibet in Washington, DC, the CTA "functions as a veritable government and has all the departments and attributes of a free democratic government" (CTA n.d.e). However, media sources note that the CTA is not officially recognized by any country (IANS 22 Oct. 2014; Open 15 Mar. 2014).[2] The Tibet Justice Center is a volunteer committee of lawyers and other experts that works on four key areas to promote the self-determination of Tibetans: human rights, environmental governance, refugee protection and self-governance for the people of Tibet (TJC n.d.a). The organization was founded over 20 years ago (ibid.). Its board of directors includes practicing attorneys, an attorney-advisor at the US Department of Justice, professors at Boston University, Oxford University, and Touro College, and other professionals (ibid., n.d.b). Several people contributed to the research, writing and editing of Tibet's Stateless Nationals II: Tibetan Refugees in India, including an attorney, a professor of law at Boston University (who is also the president of TJC's board of directors), and a professor of law at Touro College [who was also contacted as a source for this RIR] (TJC Sept. 2011, 73).[3] The Professor indicated that many Tibetans who had entered India with the pilgrimage category of the SEP remained after the expiration of their authorized stay, rendering them ineligible for RCs and living illegally in India (Professor 16 Dec. 2014). In recognition of the problem, RCs were offered to the Tibetans who had overstayed their duration under the pilgrimage category, and approximately 300 people came forwardTibetan Rehabilitation Policy." (Fac The original version of this document may be found on the offical website of the IRB at http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/.