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The federal government of the United States has already established precedent for the forceful reunification of breakaway states with the union (cf. Lincoln v Davis, 1865), so the circumstances under which Oregon and Washington might have successfully joined such a republic are difficult to imagine. Canada is a looser confederation that periodically must deal with wrong-headed separatist governments in Quebec, so BC's peaceful secession is perhaps a bit easier to contemplate. But it is still difficult to imagine why it would want to.In any case, OP asked what would happen if the Republic of Cascadia were to magically arise, and so the above questions are sort of besides the point. So let's assume that the magic did its thing, Cascadia became an independent republic, and neither the US nor Canada put down the secession attempts. What might it look like?Let's start with what it would look like on Day 1. [1]Federal Republic of Cascadia (Fr., République fédérale de Cascadie)General InformationCapital: Seattle Federal Administrative DistrictPopulation: 15,271,000Land area: 1,365,000 km^2Government type: Federal parliamentary republicOfficial languages: English (99.9999999%), French (0.0%)Administrative regions: North Cascadia (formerly British Columbia), Huskyland (formerly Washington state), Duckland (formerly Oregon)International borders: Canada to the North and East (Northwest Territories, Alberta); United States of America to the Northwest (Alaska), East (Idaho) and South (Nevada, California)Membership in international organizations: British Commonwealth (since 2015); United Nations (since 2015); Organization of American States (since 2015); International Committee of the Red Cross (since 2015); North American Free Trade Agreement (pending); World Trade Organization (pending); Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (2015); Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (pending)Economic DataGDP in USD (2014): $754.2 billion (19th in the world, below the Netherlands and above Saudi Arabia)GDP per capita (nominal): $49,386 (11th in the world, below Canada and above Austria)Currency: the Cascade (ISO code: CCD) - Value pegged to a basket of the CAD and USDNatural resources: Extensive reserves of lumber and minerals, fisheries, as well as abundant arable land suitable for wine, produce and, in the eastern parts of North Cascadia, ranchingKey industries: High technology, retail, forestry/natural resources/mining, aerospace & defense, agriculture, energy, real estate, tourismKey trading partners: (1) USA; (2) Canada; (3) China; (4) European Union; (5) JapanEconomySo, as you can see, the independent Republic of Cascadia is quite a wealthy, well-diversified economy. Many of the world's most recognizable companies are headquartered in Cascadia, particularly in the two southern regions of Duckland and Huskyland: Microsoft, Amazon.com, Nike, Nordstrom, Costco. Many other industries, including aerospace/defense, high tech and biotechology, have very significant research or manufacturing presences clustered in and around both the capital district of Seattle, and Vancouver, the economic center of North Cascadia.This is in large part due to a well-educated, highly productive work force and a legal system that is considered somewhat friendly to corporations with a high proportion of white collar workers. Huskyland, however, is experiencing a rapid decline in manufacturing jobs, as Boeing, a large American defense concern, has shifted most of its heavy industry to America. The Obama administration, both in deference to its unionized constituents and because of national security concerns, has pressured the company to close down much of its old presence in Seattle and relocate to Illinois. This has caused certain areas of Seattle to decay.Political independence from Washington DC has, however, proven to be a boon for Cascadia's robust technology industry. Companies both foreign and homegrown have sprung up to take advantage of the country's young and tech-savvy work force; a small, but highly experienced venture capital community has underwritten much of the innovation in Cascadian startup companies; most of the foreign investment in Cascadia's tech firms comes from the US state of California, which borders Duckland to the south and has a much larger and deeper venture capital market.Amazon and Microsoft, two of the world's largest tech firms, have benefited from being able to assuage foreign customers' worries about data privacy. and many foreign companies, like Google Inc., Facebook and Oracle have chosen Cascadia to build data centers, capitalizing on tax breaks and North Cascadia's cold, drenching climate to reduce energy costs from cooling. Cascadian independence has also had the effect of tamping down global concerns about an "American-dominated" internet: Much of the internet's infrastructure is now maintained in a country which, although friendly with America, has staunchly opposed the US National Security Agency's electronic surveillance programs. Indeed, Cascadia's sitting Prime Minister, Ron Wyden (who hails from Duckland), was the US Senator who spearheaded congressional resistance to these schemes.SocietyOn the political front, Cascadia is, as you might imagine, rather a progressive country in the same vein as the Nordic countries or the Netherlands. Upon independence, the marijuana trade was legalized and regulated, marriage equality was instituted throughout the country, the old USA's misguided attempts to combat narcotics in a "war on drugs" was dropped, and the social safety net was significantly expanded.The latter of these measures was made necessary in part because while North Cascadia had been one of the most prosperous Canadian provinces, both Huskyland and Duckland had in fact been net importers of tax revenue from the US federal government. Some of this was due to the defense industry's presence in Huskyland, but most of it was due to programs like Medicaid, Welfare, Social Security and VA benefits; with the evaporation of these federal outlays, the two southern regions' middle and working classes suffered a bit. To combat this problem, early in 2015, Prime Minister Wyden, with surprising political backing from luminaries such as Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates and Phil Knight, pushed a bill through the House of Commons that raised tax revenues and established a single nationwide health insurance plan, but did away with quite a bit of regulation and totally eliminated import duties. The bill itself is nothing extraordinary, but in the long term it would became symbolic of the new Cascadian nation's relationship with business: As in Scandinavia, Cascadia's government and companies embrace a concept of "stakeholders" value, recognizing that companies' responsibilities extend beyond simply a fiduciary responsibility to shareholders to include labor, the environment, government and the rest of society. Most Cascadians openly acknowledge the benefits of living in a business-friendly welfare state, and do not feel that this impinges unduly on their personal or economic freedoms.Despite their mostly leftist bent, in a constitutional convention, the people of Cascadia voted to protect the right to bear arms. There were three main reasons for this. First, much of Cascadia--just like much of Canada and America--are rural areas with little or no police protection, and large populations of dangerous animals. Second, Cascadia's long history of outdoors lifestyle and hunting meant that there were many guns already within the territory, and thus confiscatory laws were deemed impractical and unjust. Indeed, Cascadia would become an important export market for American and European gun-makers, and a prime destination for hunters from around the world seeking moose, deer, bear and wolf (the latter having been reintroduced by the previous Canadian government, much to the dismay of North Cascadia's ranchers).Among the few nasty traits that society in southern Cascadia inherited from its American heritage is a sharp divide between urban progressives and suburban andrural conservatives. When Huskyland belonged to the US, for example, it was possible to drive a few hours east of Seattle and encounter communities where the old Rebel flag was proudly displayed (although Washington itself had not been around during America's Civil War); upon secession, this defiance continued, with some defiant Huskylanders swapping the Stars & Bars for the Stars and Stripes.[The US flag with 50 stars rather than 48, a symbol of resistance to the Cascadian federation]Support for the Ancien Regime in Duckland and Huskyland remains high in certain places, and in some cases, particularly the east and south, many people think of themselves not as Cascadians, but as Americans. For the time being, these communities feel adequately served by their representation in parliament in Seattle, but only time will tell if their American identity can remain subordinate to loyalty to Cascadia.Military & International RelationsUpon secession, Cascadia inherited formerly American military installations at Ft. Lewis and Bremerton, Huskyland. As a result, it became the third-largest nuclear power on Earth, with roughly 1,000 nuclear warheads deployed aboard 8 ballistic-missile submarines (more than the USA proper). In addition, Cascadia inherited Carrier Strike Group 3, comprising USS John C. Stennis and supporting surface vessels, and a powerful submarine force including all three of the US Navy's Seawolf-class nuclear attack submarines.[CFNS John C. Stennis, the largest ship in the Cascadian Federal Navy]On land, Cascadia inherited a very powerful mechanized force comprising the US Army I Corps. Certain units based at Ft. Lewis were deployed abroad at the time of secssion, in places as varied as Afghanistan, South Korea, Japan, and Germany; Seattle declared, however, that it would not be party to Washington DC's military commitments, however, and so these Lewis-based units were repatriated immediately.Soon after independence, Cascadia came under considerable pressure from the international community to get rid of its nuclear weapons. Because the Cascadian Constitution requires that all matters relating to military deployments, security and trade be ratified by popular referendum, the issue of denuclearization of the Pacific Northwest was put to a vote. The Cascadian people voted overwhelmingly to dispose of their nuclear weapons; but rather than turn them over to the original owner, the United States, the referendum's organizers stipulated that the weapons had to be destroyed. This was done in due course and today the country is a signatory to the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, pledging never to build, obtain or use nuclear weapons, and allowing for international inspection of its nuclear power generation facilities. Although much of the Cascadian Federal Navy is nuclear-powered, it has been decided that these capital ships will be leased for 20 years from the US Navy, after which they will revert to American possession. The Cascadian government's latest defense white paper has set forth requirements for a modest-sized military, with some focus on peacekeeping efforts around the globe, and supplemented at home by an armed citizen militia modeled after that of Switzerland. [2]On the global stage, Cascadia tends to align itself with wealthy, trade-dependent rich countries such as Sweden, Belgium, Switzerland and the Netherlands, and places high emphasis on human rights advocacy. Cascadia's large and liberally-minded community of Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese ex-pats (concentrated in wealthy districts of Vancouver) are frequently critical of China, which sometimes causes diplomatic problems. Generally, however, these frictions don't interfere with trade relations: China is heavily dependent on Cascadian goodwill to ensure the flow of Canadian and American timber, fertilizer, coal, natural gas and metals from the interior to the large export terminals in Vancouver and Seattle.What the Future HoldsCascadian prosperity and peace are largely a result of the peaceful secession process it underwent. The progressive nature of Cascadia's society is thanks largely to its economic prosperity, which is built on both abundant natural resources, and many decades' worth of human capital formed through skilled industries. This, in turn, has been possible in no small part thanks to Huskyland and Duckland's previous membership in the United States of America, whose government invests significant resources in infrastructure, law enforcement, court systems and other services to support its constituent states; the US government is also the single largest underwriter of scientific research anywhere on the planet. It is unclear, then, whether the nearly-utopic prosperity of Cascadia could continue without maintaining very close links to America, financially and politically. If America were to impose duties on Cascadian goods and services, for example, Cascadia's economy would suffer significant damage. If Cascadia were to become a high-tax overly restrictive environment for multinational corporations, it is almost certain that the country's standard of living would fall dramatically--America and Canada are right next door, after all, and as a former CEO of ExxonMobil once infamously remarked, businesses do not have nationalities.[1] CIA World Factbook, 2015 Edition; source: Edward Snowden.[2] See: Kyle Murao's answer to Which nations have firearms training for civilians?

I would say Israel has the best record in human rights than any other country in the Middle East.Elections, political parties, and representationAccording to the 2015 United States Department of State report on Israel, "The law provides citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections based on universal and equal suffrage, and citizens exercised this ability." Elections held in March 2015 were considered free and fair by observers. A change in the electoral threshold was criticized as limiting representation of small parties, particularly affecting the Arab minority. This resulted in the four Arab-majority parties uniting into one faction, the Joint List, which won 13 seats and became the third-largest faction in the Knesset. Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied territories are not Israeli citizens. They are not allowed to vote in Israel.Freedom of religionAlthough Israel describes itself as a Jewish state, all religious groups have freedom to practice and maintain communal institutions in Israel. According to the 2009 US Department of State report on Israel and the occupied territories, "The Israeli Basic Law on Human Dignity and Liberty provides for freedom of worship and the Government generally respected this right in practice." The report added that "Government policy continued to support the generally free practice of religion, although governmental and legal discrimination against non-Jews and non-Orthodox streams of Judaism continued" and "Many Jewish citizens objected to exclusive Orthodox control over fundamental aspects of their personal lives." The report stated that approximately 310,000 citizens who immigrated to Israel under the Law of Return are not considered Jewish by the Orthodox Rabbinate and therefore cannot be married or divorced, or buried in Jewish state cemeteries within the country.After gaining control of the West Bank in 1967, Israel guaranteed Muslim access to mosques, including the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and Christian access to churches. Israel has extended protection to religious sites of non-Jewish religions; most famously the IDF oiled a Kach party attempt to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and continue to protect this site from attacks by non-Muslims.Freedom of speech and the mediaAccording to the 2005 US Department of State report on Israel, "The law provides for freedom of speech and of the press, and the government generally respected these rights in practice subject to restrictions concerning security issues." The law provides for freedom of assembly and association, and the government generally respected these rights in practice.According to the press freedom organization Reporters without boarders, "The Israeli media were once again in 2005 the only ones in the region that had genuine freedom to speak out."Women's rightsIsrael is committed to theConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women international treaty in regard to women's rights. Women in Israel have been guaranteed gender equality since the establishment of the state in 1948. This has enabled women to actively participate in Israeli life.Arab women in IsraelArab-Israeli women actively participate in government and public life. Hussniya Jabara was the first Israeli-Arab woman to serve in the Knesset. According to section 15 of the States Civil Service [appointments], women and Arab-Israeli citizens are entitled to Affirmative action in civil service employment.

Some of the recent foreign policy initiatives of India are mentioned below:At India’s initiative (along with France), the International Solar Alliance (ISA) has been established. It is a coalition of solar resource rich countries lying fully or partially between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn to specifically address energy needs by tapping solar energy from the sun. This alliance will provide a platform for prospective member countries to collaborate and address the identified gaps through a common agreed approach. ISA was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris in November 2015. India has funded the setting up of the ISA Secretariat in Gurgaon.It was India’s idea to set up a BRICS Development Bank, now known as the New Development Bank. India made the proposal at the 4th BRICS Summit in New Delhi in 2012. Leaders of BRICS countries formally agreed to set up the Bank at the BRICS Summit in South Africa a year later and the agreement was signed at the 6th BRICS Summit in Brazil in 2014.. The Bank, with an initial authorised capital of USD 100 billion, is headquartered in Shanghai. The first President of the Bank, Mr. K.V. Kamath, is an Indian.While addressing the 69th session of United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on 27 September 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi urged the world community to adopt an International Day of Yoga. On 11 December 2014, the 193 member UNGA approved the proposal by consensus with a record 177 co-sponsoring countries a resolution to establish 21 June as the International Day of Yoga. This resolution was adopted within a short span of 77 days after the first call for its adoption.The General Assembly adopted a resolution in June 2007 to commemorate the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi - 2 October - as the International Day of Non Violence to "disseminate the message of non-violence, including through education and public awareness". The resolution was introduced by India and 140 co-sponsors.("Non-violence" sculpture by Karl Fredrik Reutersward at the United Nations, New York. - Source: Centre d'actualités de l'ONU)Amongst some of the earlier initiatives, I would like to mention the following:India was the first country to raise the issue of apartheid and racial discrimination in South Africa at the UN and played a leading role in the formation of a Sub-Committee against Apartheid set up by the General Assembly. When the Convention on Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination was adopted in 1965, India was among the earliest signatories.India’s status as a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Group of 77 cemented its position as a leading advocate of the concerns and aspirations of developing countries and the creation of a more equitable international economic and political order. The term "non-alignment" was first used by then Permanent Representative of India to the UN, V.K. Krishna Menon in 1953. The first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru used the term in a 1954 speech in Colombo, Sri Lanka.India advocates "zero tolerance” approach to terrorism in all its forms. With the objective of providing a comprehensible legal framework to counter terrorism, India took the initiative to pilot a draft Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism (CCIT) in 1996 and continues to work for its early adoption.India remains the only State possessing nuclear weapons to call unambiguously for a Nuclear Weapons Convention to ban and eliminate nuclear weapons. India is committed to achieving a nuclear weapons-free world in a time-bound, universal, non-discriminatory, phased and verifiable manner.Yesterday, we celebrated the International Women’s Day. Therefore, although not really a foreign policy initiative, I would like to mention that the first ever UN Female Formed Police Unit was provided by India (and served in Liberia). It completed its tenure in February 2016.