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Did Senator Robert F. Kennedy’s earlier actions against the Mafia as Attorney General of the United States somehow lead to his assassination? If they did, you can be sure the Mafia is pleased that the textbook, orthodox answer is that only some lone misfit named Sirhan Sirhan killed Kennedy for misguided reasons. Similarly, if others were behind RFK’s murder, you can be sure they are pleased to have us consider the Mafia as the chief alternate culprit — especially if they were also behind the earlier assassination of Kennedy's brother, Pres. John F. Kennedy, whom we were taught was slain by another lone misfit, named Lee Harvey Oswald, also for misguided reasons.More and more researchers now attribute JFK’s assassination to a joint operation by elements of the CIA and the Mob, with collusion by some members of the Secret Service and senior military, at the behest of Lyndon Johnson. The tracks leading back to the conspirators were covered by J. Edgar Hoover, who was rewarded for his efforts by Pres. Johnson with an exception from the mandatory government retirement age, becoming FBI Director for Life. Many of those tracks have now been retraced by dedicated and patriotic investigators doggedly pursuing the evidence and comparing notes via the Internet. If true, then the theory puts RFK’s assassination in a whole new light, as there can be no doubt that, had he been elected president, Robert Kennedy would have reopened the case of his brother’s assassination, one way or another.Bobby Kennedy ran the most relentless and effective Justice operation against the Mafia that had ever been seen. Remember, this was at a time when FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover wouldn’t even acknowledge that the Mafia existed, perhaps because the corrupt director was deep in its pockets and because mobster Meyer Lansky had explicit, incriminating photos of Hoover in flagrante delicto with his gay lover, Assistant FBI Director Clyde Tolson. At this time (and since), the CIA and the Mafia worked so closely with each other that the two organizations became nearly synonymous. They were essential to each other’s efforts against Cuban dictator Fidel Castro and in smuggling heroin through the French Connection out of Burma and South Vietnam.An under-reported aspect of the Iran-Contra scandal was the allegation that the CIA smuggled cocaine into the United States via the regional airport at Mena, Arkansas, in return for arms to the Contras, in an operation headed by then-Vice President George H. W. Bush and assisted by then-Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton.The Mob connection with the Kennedy assassinations is extensive and has been the grist of many books. Some allege that Lucien Sarti, a Corsican drug trafficker and killer, and two other members of the Marseilles mob, accepted a contract to kill Pres. Kennedy. Some say Mob assassin Charles Harrelson was one of the killers and one of the Three Tramps detained from the railyard after the shooting. Teamster’s leader and mobster Jimmy Hoffa had told a federal informant that he would like to kill RFK but that his brother was the more desirable victim because “when you cut down the tree, the branches fall with it.” New Orleans Mob boss Carlos Marcello once reportedly explained why it was better to target JFK than RFK: “If you cut off a dog’s tail, the dog will only keep biting. But if you cut off its head, the dog will die.” An FBI informant testified before the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) that Miami Mob boss Santos Trafficante had told him in 1962 that the president “was going to be hit.” In 1992, Frank Ragano, a longtime lawyer for Hoffa and Trafficante, told the New York Post that the two mobsters and Marcello had agreed to assassinate the president. Ragano claimed that Trafficante said on his deathbed: “Carlos f—ed up. We shouldn’t have gotten rid of Giovanni [John]. We should have killed Bobby.”In 1979, the HSCA concluded that Hoffa, Marcello, and Trafficante all had the motive, means, and opportunity to assassinate Kennedy. What was left unspoken was the fact that if the Mob had the motive, means, and opportunity, then how much more did Lyndon Johnson, who was able to leverage both the Mob and the CIA?Johnson needed to assassinate Pres. Kennedy, because he was desperate to avoid humiliation and imprisonment for profound corruption and even murder, not to mention political oblivion. An exposé regarding LBJ’s corrupt dealings with Senate Secretary Bobby Baker was about to be published in the Dec. 1, 1963 edition of Life Magazine. The story was based on information leaked on Johnson out of the Kennedy Justice Department. Johnson was not going to be asked by JFK to join him on the Democratic ticket in 1964. LBJ knew this full well. He allegedly blackmailed his way onto the Democratic ticket in 1960 on the basis of a damning dossier on JFK given to Johnson by his close friend and next-door neighbor of 17 years, J. Edgar Hoover. His getting kicked from the ticket was also a prediction Nixon had made to reporters during his visit to Dallas on the eve of the Kennedy motorcade. Johnson was involved in several murders, according to the sworn affidavit of convicted businessman Billie Sol Estes. None of that would come out with Johnson as president.Mob hitman James Files has confessed to firing the shot that killed the president from the Grassy Knoll. He claims Las Vegas mobster Johnny Roselli was another hitman, shooting from the Sixth Floor of the Texas School Book Depository. Roselli was the Mafioso who later told journalist Jack Anderson that Ruby was ordered to silence Oswald.In 1975 and 1976, at the time of congressional investigations into the connections of the Mob and the CIA, Sam Giancana was gunned down in his kitchen, Jimmy Hoffa disappeared, and Johnny Roselli was found dismembered, stuffed into an oil drum, and floating in Florida’s Inland Waterway.Oswald, too, had numerous Mob connections. His uncle and surrogate father, Dutz Murret, was a bookie in the Marcello organization. His mother, Marguerite, dated members of Marcello’s gang. Oswald also hung out with the likes of David Ferrie and Jack Ruby.Ferrie was an example of this blurred relationship between the Mob and the CIA. A peculiar but gifted anti-Castro operative, Ferrie not only flew clandestine missions for the CIA in Cuba but also piloted Marcello back to the United States from Guatemala, where RFK had had him dumped paperless and penniless, in his ruthless war with the Mob. Ferrie had known both Oswald and Ruby for years. Ferrie had trained Oswald in the Civil Air Patrol founded by businessman D.H. Byrd. Thanks to the brave testimony of Judyth Vary Baker, we now know that Ferrie worked with Oswald and others in a plot to assassinate Castro by injecting him with a virulent strain of cancer virus. Five days after a New Orleans newspaper announced Ferrie was a suspect in New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison’s investigation in JFK’s assassination, Ferrie was found dead in his apartment. Ferrie left behind two typewritten suicide notes, but the coroner concluded he had died of a cerebral hemorrhage.Another of Garrison’s suspects, Eladio Del Valle, was found dead in a parking lot just 12 hours later. He’d been tortured, shot at point-blank range in the heart, and his skull split open by an axe. His murder remains unsolved. He was but another in a long list of suspects and material eyewitnesses in the JFK assassination to die under suspicious circumstance. Many are detailed in the book Someone Would Have Talked. The London Times examined its own list of early and unnatural deaths and had an actuary calculate the odds. The newspaper concluded the odds against so many dying under such circumstances so soon after the assassination at 100,000 trillion to one.Ruby was a Dallas conduit to the Chicago Mob. As a young Jewish boy, Jacob Rubenstein was a runner for Al Capone. Ruby ran guns to Castro during his revolutionary campaign against Batista and, later, to anti-Castro Cubans after Castro moved Cuba into the Soviet orbit. In 1947, Ruby served on then-Congressman Richard Nixon’s staff as a favor to then-Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, for the purpose of exempting Ruby from having to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Ruby knew Oswald from their anti-Castro work. A dozen different witnesses have placed the two together. One of them, a stripper at Ruby’s club, remembered an encounter with Ruby and Oswald shortly before the assassination at which Oswald was introduced to her as “my friend, Lee, from the CIA.”In fact, Oswald was in U.S. Intelligence, originally working on U-2 overflights of the USSR and the PRC out of Atsugi Naval Air Station in Japan, then with the Office of Naval Intelligence, and probably later seconded to the CIA, to participate in a phony defector program to the Soviet Union. He became a paid informant for the FBI, at $200/month, and worked with FBI Agent Guy Bannister in an effort to penetrate Communist student groups and pro-Castro dockworkers in New Orleans. He was given the job at the Texas School Book Depository Building, owned by D.H. Byrd, just weeks before the assassination, through the help of Ruth Paine, a CIA asset.Oswald had apparently warned the USG of the plot against JFK’s life in Chicago, leading to the trip’s cancellation just weeks before Dallas. Oswald also may have warned the FBI regarding JFK’s upcoming Dallas visit, in a note that FBI Agent James Hosty admits he destroyed, allegedly on orders from his supervisor, after Ruby gunned down Oswald. The Dallas PD’s paraffin test shortly after his arrest showed Oswald hadn’t fired a rifle on the day of the assassination. Oswald probably had nothing to do with the assassination except that he was a loyal U.S. double-agent who worked harder than anyone to prevent it, even as disloyal elements of the CIA were setting him up to be the patsy in the conspiracy, to be gunned down before he could testify.Research where George H. W. Bush was on Nov. 22, 1963. He, too, was in Dallas. Photos seem to show him being questioned by Dallas Police after he was picked up as a suspicious person at the Dal-Tex Building, where many researchers believe the CIA had a sniper team. He phoned the FBI later that day with a false lead and noted that if they needed to contact him, he would be staying at the Sheraton Hotel in Dallas. Coincidentally, Bush is one of only two Americans of his generation who doesn’t seem to remember what he was doing when he learned of the assassination. The other was Richard Nixon, who was recruited to politics by Prescott Bush, GHW’s father. Both Nixon and GHWB had worked together in the planning for the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion.Bobby Kennedy immediately suspected a conspiracy in his brother’s death, as did the president’s widow, Jackie. Kennedy soon learned that many of the elements involved were the very people that the Operation Mongoose he chaired as Attorney General had attempted to unleash against Castro. The sense of personal guilt reportedly haunted Bobby. Jackie suspected a conspiracy from the beginning because the Secret Service agent driving the presidential limo, William Greer, had all but stopped the car during the shooting. The loss of RFK to an assassin’s bullets and her belief that the new President of the United States had murdered her husband might help to explain Jackie’s later turning to Greek magnate Aristotle Onassis for the protection of her children.RFK understood that he would never be able to get to the bottom of who was really behind his brother’s death unless his family once again controlled the levers of government. He knew the conspiracy was far-reaching and went all of the way up to LBJ. He confronted Johnson on it at least twice, once asking him directly in person why he’d had his brother killed, and once in a testy telephone call, in which he compared Johnson to an animal and denied that he was planning his own counter-coup against Johnson’s government, “as reported” by the FBI. Johnson claimed he’d never received such a report from Hoover or anyone else. In fact, LBJ received an oral briefing on the movements of his political enemies almost daily.Johnson loathed RFK, and the feeling was mutual. Each was the other’s arch-nemesis. With Kennedy in the Oval Office, none of the conspirators would be safe. Johnson dropped out of the 1968 primaries only once he thought it too late for RFK to launch his own presidential bid. When Kennedy plunged in anyway, and his candidacy quickly caught fire, the conspirators became frantic. They had no other way to stop him than by killing him.When Kennedy won the winner-take-all California primary and looked poised to mount a successful fight for the Democratic nomination in Chicago, they struck. They accomplished this assassination with greater finesse than they had his brother’s. At the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, where RFK was to give his victory speech, they staged what appears to have been an MKUltra mind control subject to provide the necessary diversion. The subject, Sirhan Sirhan, was an Orthodox Christian Palestinian who was very susceptible to hypnosis. He waited in the kitchen pantry to which Kennedy was to be diverted. He was seen in the presence of a young woman in a polka-dot dress. He reached out across a serving table 3–6 feet from in front of Kennedy and, with a vacant stare on his face, rapidly discharged his pistol at Kennedy in front of a room full of witnesses. In his shirt pocket was found an incriminating newspaper clipping about RFK’s support of F-4 Phantom fighter jets for Israel, and at his house police found variants of the words “RFK must die” written over and over again in his diary — the sort of repetitive writing suggestive of hypnosis.What most people don’t know, however, is that famed Los Angeles County Coroner Dr. Thomas Noguchi’s painstaking autopsy revealed that the shots that hit Kennedy all came from point-blank range behind him, at an upward angle, not from in front where Sirhan was shooting wildly with a .22 caliber pistol. Kennedy was shot from directly behind him, where security guard Thane Eugene Cesar stood with gun drawn. One witness even swore he’d seen Cesar shooting Kennedy. The LAPD never tested Cesar’s .22 calliber pistol gun. Cesar variously claimed he sold the gun both before and after the killing. More bullets were retrieved from bulletholes and victims than what the magazine of Sirhan’s gun could hold. In 2004, a previously unacknowledged audio recording of the assassination was found in an archive. Tests on the audio indicate that 10-13 shots were fired. Sirhans gun held eight. Sirhan doesn’t remember the shooting. He said he only remembered being in a large room with bright lights when a woman offered him coffee.Sandra Serrano claimed she was sitting in a stairwell when Sirhan and a couple stepped past her. She said a half-hour later, the woman and her dark-complexioned partner ran past her again, implausibly chortling “We shot him. We shot him!” Shot who, Serrano said she asked. “Senator Kennedy,” replied the woman, who Serrano described as wearing a polka-dot dress. Serrano’s testimony withered under police questioning. But a dark-complexioned CIA agent, David Sanchez “El Indio” Morales, was identified by BBC filmmaker Shane O’Sullivan from photos of spectators in the ballroom just outside the murder scene, together with CIA agent George Joannides and contractor Gordon Campbell, all of whom had worked together at the CIA’s JM-WAVE station in Miami. The identification of Campbell is highly dubious, since he had died years before RFK’s assassination. Joannides, however, had links to Oswald, and his files comprise a major portion of the JFK assassination records still under seal at the National Archives. Watergate burglar and CIA agent E. Howard Hunt characterized Morales as a cold-blooded killer. Morales' former lawyer, Robert Walton, said in unpaid interviews that Morales boasted of involvement in the assassinations of both Kennedys.A teenager named Jamie Scott Enyart took nearly two of his three rolls of photographs from atop a desk in a corner of the pantry. His film was confiscated by police. It was then placed under seal as evidence for 20 years. When the period ended, Enyart petitioned for a return of his photos. The police claimed it had lost the film. Enyart sued. “Miraculously,” the police then “found” the film and arranged to returned it to Enyart. On the way the courier had to pull over his rental car at a service station. It seems one of its tires had been slashed. While the courier was preoccupied, someone reached into his car’s partially opened window and stole his jacket and the envelope containing the film. Some contact proofs were later provided separately, but Enyart insists several key photos are missing.It’s strange that RFK should be slain by a Palestinian. The Kennedy Brothers were hardly Israel’s biggest champions. JFK had threatened to cut off aid to Israel unless Israeli Prime Minister Ben-Gurion allowed inspections of its nuclear plant at Dimona. He wanted Palestinians expelled from Israel to be granted the right of return. RFK went no farther than what was expected from a Democratic candidate wooing the Jewish vote.I’m quite convinced that many of the same Deep State elements that murdered Pres. Kennedy on behalf of Lyndon Johnson were also complicit in the murder of Sen. Kennedy, and of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., too, for that matter. Both political enemies were assassinated in Johnson’s last year in office in crimes that bear some of the hallmarks of USG involvement. I believe these were not unconnected but, with Pres. Kennedy’s assassination, serial murders on behalf of an American Caligula who came to power in a palace coup with the help of a patrician class that has secretly ruled America from behind the scenes ever since — up until the last election, at least.Until recently, Americans have had only a handful of different sources from which we received our news, but we believed they competed against each other, and we congratulated ourselves on the blessings of a free press. We also believed “our” government. But over the years we experienced the Tonkin Gulf incident, Vietnam, the USS Liberty incident, the Credibility Gap, and Watergate. We began to see the inconsistencies in the Warren Commission Report and the evidence in the JFK assassination. We saw the media become increasingly monopolized. We learned it had been thoroughly penetrated by the CIA as part of Operation Mockingbird. We discovered that the CIA was behind the effort to depict “conspiracy theorists” as kooks. We saw inexplicable physical phenomena on 9/11. We invaded Iraq on a wild goose chase for WMD. We learned through leaks how a major network had passed debate questions to a presidential candidate in advance. Many of us finally stopped putting credence in the government and mainstream media. Fortunately, at the same time we experienced the advent of the Internet. It has eased research considerably and allowed the pieces of the puzzle finally to emerge.We now have a better understanding, for example, of the motive behind the break-in and burglary that led to the unraveling of the Nixon presidency. The so-called “Plumber’s Unit” wasn’t created to plug leaks related to the Pentagon Papers, so much as it was to suppress evidence related to the assassination of Pres. Kennedy. As White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman related in his book The Ends of Power, Nixon instructed him to warn the CIA that the investigation would "open up the whole Bay of Pigs thing again.” Haldeman wrote: “It seems that in all those references to the Bay of Pigs, he was actually referring to the Kennedy assassination.”E. Howard Hunt confessed to his son on videotape shortly before his death that he'd been a "bench warmer" for the "Big Event," the CIA's assassination of JFK, at the behest of Johnson. Hunt had been a primary architect of the CIA’s overthrow of democratically elected Jacobo Árbenz in Guatemala in 1954. U.S. double agent Marita Lorenz once testified in open court that Watergate burglar Frank Sturgis and others had picked her up in Miami in November 1963 and driven toward Dallas for a job. She claimed she had bailed when she learned the target was an American citizen. Sturgis called her just after the assassination and crowed: "You should have been with us today. We made history."I’ve only just scratched the surface. So much is yet hidden from us. All Americans should demand the release of the remaining files still under seal at the National Archives, scheduled for release in October. Americans deserve to know the truth.The extent, if any, of Mob involvement in the RFK assassination is unclear. Certainly the Mob's motive for killing Bobby Kennedy was strong. Its long involvement with the CIA is well-documented. But the motives of the conspirators who were really behind the murder of Pres. John F. Kennedy would be stronger still. A growing number among us can now see that that murder was the result of a joint operation of the Mafia and elements of the government led by a faction within the CIA. That conclusion was supported by the verdict of the jury that acquitted Liberty Lobby in E. Howard Hunt's lawsuit for defamation against its The Spotlight magazine back in 1985. But the supposition that the Mob was also involved in Sen. Robert F. Kennedy's murder remains less likely than the involvement of the CIA and is still untested in court.

1968-January 5 – Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.[1]January 8 – British Prime Minister Harold Wilson endorses the I'm Backing Britain campaign for working an additional half-hour each day without pay.[2]January 10 – John Gorton is sworn in as the 19th Prime Minister of Australia, taking over from John McEwen after being elected leader of the Liberal Party the previous day, following the disappearance of Harold Holt. Gorton became the first and so far only Senator to become Prime Minister; though he immediately transferred to the House of Representatives through a by-election in Holt's vacant seat of Higgins.January 14 – The Green Bay Packers defeat the Oakland Raiders by the score of 33-14 in Super Bowl II at the Miami Orange Bowl.January 15 – An earthquake in Sicily kills 380 and injures around 1,000.[3][4]January 17 – Lyndon B. Johnson requests a bill ending the gold convertibility of the U.S. dollar.January 21 Vietnam War – Battle of Khe Sanh: One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins, ending on April 8.A U.S. B-52 Stratofortress crashes in Greenland, discharging 4 nuclear bombs.January 22 – Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In debuts on NBC.January 23 – North Korea seizes the USS Pueblo, claiming the ship violated its territorial waters while spying.January 25 – The Israeli submarine INS Dakar sinks in the Mediterranean Sea, killing 69.January 23 USS PuebloJanuary 28 – The French submarine Minerve sinks in the Mediterranean Sea, killing 52.January 30 – Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive begins, as Viet Cong forces launch a series of surprise attacks across South Vietnam.January 31 Việt Cộng soldiers attack the US Embassy, Saigon.Nauru president Hammer DeRoburt declares independence from Australia.February[edit]Main article: February 1968February 1 Vietnam War: A Viet Cong officer named Nguyễn Văn Lém is executed by Nguyễn Ngọc Loan, a South Vietnamese National Police Chief. The event is photographed by Eddie Adams. The photo makes headlines around the world, eventually winning the 1969 Pulitzer Prize, and sways U.S. public opinion against the war.The Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York Central Railroad merge to form Penn Central, the largest ever corporate merger up to this date.February 6–February 18 – The 1968 Winter Olympics are held in Grenoble, France.February 8 – American civil rights movement: A civil rights protest staged at a white-only bowling alley in Orangeburg, South Carolina is broken up by highway patrolmen; 3 college students are killed.February 11 Border clashes take place between Israel and Jordan.Madison Square Garden in New York City opens at its current location.February 12 – Vietnam War: Phong Nhị and Phong Nhất massacre.February 13 – Civil rights disturbances occur at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.February 17 – Administrative reforms in Romania divide the country into 39 counties.February 19 The Florida Education Association (FEA) initiates a mass resignation of teachers to protest state funding of education. This is, in effect, the first statewide teachers' strike in the United States.NET televises the very first episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.February 24 – Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive is halted; South Vietnam recaptures Huế.February 25 – Vietnam War: Hà My massacre.February 27 – Ex-Teenagers singer Frankie Lymon is found dead from a heroin overdose in Harlem.March[edit]Main article: March 1968March 2 – Baggeridge Colliery closes marking the end of over 300 years of coal mining in the Black Country of England.[5]March 6 – Un-recognized Rhodesia executes 3 black citizens, the first executions since UDI, prompting international condemnation.March 7 – Vietnam War: The First Battle of Saigon ends.March 8 The first student protests spark the 1968 Polish political crisis.The Soviet ballistic missile submarine K-129 sinks with all 98 crew members, about 90 nautical miles (104 miles or 167 km) southwest of Hawaii.[6][7]March 10–11 – Vietnam War: Battle of Lima Site 85, the largest single ground combat loss of United States Air Force members (12) during the (at this time) secret war later known as the Laotian Civil War.March 11 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson mandates that all computers purchased by the federal government support the ASCII character encoding.[8]March 12 Mauritius achieves independence from British rule.U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson barely edges out antiwar candidate Eugene McCarthy in the New Hampshire Democratic primary, a vote which highlights the deep divisions in the country, and the party, over Vietnam.March 13 – The first Rotaract club is chartered in North Charlotte, North Carolina.March 14 – Nerve gas leaks from the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground near Skull Valley, Utah.March 15 – British Foreign Secretary George Brown resigns.March 16 Vietnam War – My Lai Massacre: American troops kill scores of civilians. The story will first become public in November 1969 and will help undermine public support for the U.S. efforts in Vietnam.U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy enters the race for the Democratic Party presidential nomination.March 17 – A demonstration in London's Grosvenor Square against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War leads to violence; 91 people are injured, 200 demonstrators arrested.March 18 – Gold standard: The United States Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back U.S. currency.March 19–March 23 – Afrocentrism, Black Power, Vietnam War: Students at Howard University in Washington, D.C., signal a new era of militant student activism on college campuses in the U.S. Students stage rallies, protests and a 5-day sit-in, laying siege to the administration building, shutting down the university in protest over its ROTC program and the Vietnam War, and demanding a more Afrocentric curriculum.March 22 – Daniel Cohn-Bendit ("Danny the Red") and 7 other students occupy the administrative offices of the University of Nanterre, setting in motion a chain of events that lead France to the brink of revolution in May.March 24 – Aer Lingus Flight 712 crashes en route from Cork to London near Tuskar Rock, Wexford, killing 61 passengers and crew.March 26 – Joan Baez marries activist David Harris in New York.March 28 – Brazilian high school student Edson Luís de Lima Souto is shot by the police in a protest for cheaper meals at a restaurant for low-income students. The aftermath of his death is one of the first major events against the military dictatorship.March 31 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces he will not seek re-election.April[edit]Main article: April 1968April 2 Bombs explode at midnight in two department stores in Frankfurt-am-Main; Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin are later arrested and sentenced for arson.The film 2001: A Space Odyssey premieres in Washington, D.C.April 3 – The American movie Planet of the Apes is released in theaters.April 4 Martin Luther King Jr. is shot dead at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. Riots erupt in major American cities, lasting for several days afterwards.Apollo program: Apollo-Saturn mission 502 (Apollo 6) is launched, as the second and last unmanned test-flight of the Saturn V launch vehicle.AEK Athens wins the FIBA European Cup Winners Cup Final against Slavia Prague, in front of a record attendance of 80,000 spectators. It was the first major European trophy won at club level of every sport in Greece.April 6 La, la, la by Massiel (music and lyrics by Manuel de la Calva and Ramón Arcusa) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1968 for Spain, at the Royal Albert Hall in London.A shootout between Black Panthers and Oakland police results in several arrests and deaths, including 17-year-old Panther Bobby Hutton.A double explosion in downtown Richmond, Indiana kills 41 and injures 150.April 7 – Racing driver Jim Clark is killed in a Formula 2 race at Hockenheim.April 8 – The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (under Department of Justice) (BNDD) is created.April 10 – The ferry TEV Wahine strikes a reef at the mouth of Wellington Harbour, New Zealand, with the loss of 53 lives, in Cyclone Giselle, which created the windiest conditions ever recorded in New Zealand.April 11 Josef Bachmann tries to assassinate Rudi Dutschke, leader of the left-wing movement (APO) in Germany, and tries to commit suicide afterwards, failing in both, although Dutschke dies of his brain injuries 11 years later.German left-wing students blockade the Springer Press HQ in Berlin and many are arrested (one of them Ulrike Meinhof).U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968.MGM's classic film The Wizard of Oz makes its NBC debut after being telecast on CBS since 1956. It will remain on NBC for the next 8 years.April 18 – John Rennie's 1831 New London Bridge is sold to Arizona entrepreneur Robert P. McCulloch and is rebuilt in Lake Havasu City, Arizona, reopening on October 5, 1971.April 20 Pierre Elliott Trudeau becomes the 15th Prime Minister of Canada.[9]English politician Enoch Powell makes his controversial Rivers of Blood speech.[10]April 23 President Mobutu releases captured mercenaries in the Congo.Surgeons at the Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, perform Europe's first heart transplant, on Clovis Roblain.The United Methodist Church is created by the union of the former Methodist and Evangelical United Brethren churches.April 23–April 30 – Vietnam War: Student protesters at Columbia University in New York City take over administration buildings and shut down the university (see main article Columbia University protests of 1968).April 26 – The nuclear weapon "Boxcar" is tested at the Nevada Test Site in the biggest detonation of Operation Crosstie.April 29 – The musical Hair officially opens on Broadway.May[edit]Main article: May 1968May 2 – The Israel Broadcasting Authority commences television broadcasts.May 3 – Braniff Flight 352 crashes near Dawson, Texas, killing all 85 people on board.May 13 – Paris student riots: One million march through the streets of Paris.May 13 – Manchester City wins the 1967–68 Football League First Division by 2 clear points, over club rivals Manchester UnitedMay 14 – The Beatles announce the creation of Apple Records in a New York press conference.May 15 – An outbreak of severe thunderstorms produces tornadoes, causing massive damage and heavy casualties in Charles City, Iowa, Oelwein, Iowa, and Jonesboro, Arkansas.May 16 – Ronan Point, a 23 floor tower block in Canning Town, east London, partially collapses after a gas explosion, killing 5.May 17 – The Catonsville Nine enter the Selective Service offices in Catonsville, Maryland, take dozens of selective service draft records, and burn them with napalm as a protest against the Vietnam War.May 18 – Mattel's Hot Wheels toy cars are introduced. West Bromwich Albion win the Football Association Cup, defeating Everton 1-0 after extra time. The winning goal was scored by Jeff Astle.May 19 A general election is held in Italy.Nigerian forces capture Port Harcourt and form a ring around the Biafrans. This contributes to a humanitarian disaster as the surrounded population already suffers from hunger and starvation.May 22 – The U.S. nuclear-powered submarine Scorpion sinks with 99 men aboard, 400 miles southwest of the Azores.May 29 – Manchester United wins the European Cup Final, becoming the first English team to do so.May 30 – Bobby Unser wins the Indianapolis 500.June[edit]Main article: June 1968June 2 – Student protests have started in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.June 3 – Radical feminist Valerie Solanas shoots Andy Warhol as he enters his studio, wounding him.June 4 – The Standard & Poor's 500 index closes above 100 for the first time, at 100.38.June 5 – U.S. presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy is shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Sirhan Sirhan is arrested. Kennedy dies from his injuries the next day.June 7 – The Ford sewing machinists strike started in the United Kingdom.June 8 – James Earl Ray is arrested for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr..June 10 – Italy beats Yugoslavia 2–0 in a replay to win the 1968 European Championship. The original final on June 8 ended 1–1.June 12 – The film Rosemary's Baby premieres in the U.S.June 17 – The Malayan Communist Party launches a second insurgency and the state of emergency is again imposed in Malaysia.June 20 – Austin Currie, Member of Parliament at Stormont in Northern Ireland, along with others, squats a house in Caledon to protest discrimination in housing allocations.June 23 A football stampede in Buenos Aires leaves 74 dead and 150 injured.The first round of voting took place in the French National Assembly elections that had been scheduled following the public unrest of May.June 24 – Giorgio Rosa declares the independence of his Republic of Rose Island, an artificial island off Rimini, Italy. Italian troops demolish it not long after.June 26 The Bonin Islands are returned to Japan after 23 years of occupation by the United States Navy.The “March of the One Hundred Thousand” took place in Rio de Janeiro as crowds demonstrated against the Brazilian military government.June 30 – The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy heavy military transport aircraft first flies in the U.S. This model will still be in service 40 years later.July[edit]Main article: July 1968July 1 The Central Intelligence Agency's Phoenix Program is officially established.The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty opens for signature.July 4 – Yachtsman Alec Rose, 59, receives a hero's welcome as he sails into Portsmouth, England after his 354-day round-the-world trip.July 15 – The soap opera One Life to Live premieres on ABC.July 17 – Saddam Hussein becomes Vice Chairman of the Revolutionary Council in Iraq after a coup d'état.July 18 – The semiconductor company Intel is founded.July 20 – The first International Special Olympics Summer Games are held at Soldier Field in Chicago, Ill, with about 1,000 athletes with intellectual disabilities.July 23–July 28 – Black militants led by Fred (Ahmed) Evans engage in a fierce gunfight with police in the Glenville Shootout of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States.July 25 – Pope Paul VI publishes the encyclical entitled Humanae vitae, on birth control.July 26 – Vietnam War: South Vietnamese opposition leader Trương Đình Dzu is sentenced to 5 years hard labor, for advocating the formation of a coalition government as a way to move toward an end to the war.July 29 – Arenal Volcano erupts in Costa Rica for the first time in centuries.July 30 – Thames Television starts transmission in London.July 31 – Dad's Army was broadcast for the first time.August[edit]Main article: August 1968August 2 - The 7.6 Mw Casiguran earthquake affected the Aurora province in the Philippines with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing at least 207 and injuring 261.August 5–August 8 – The Republican National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida nominates Richard Nixon for U.S. President and Spiro Agnew for Vice President.August 11 – The last steam passenger train service runs in Britain. A selection of British Railways steam locomotives make the 120-mile journey from Liverpool to Carlisle and return to Liverpool – the journey is known as the Fifteen Guinea Special.August 18 – Two charter buses are pushed into the Hida River on National Highway Route 41 in Japan, in an accident caused by heavy rain; 104 are killed.August 20–August 21 – The Prague Spring of political liberalization ends, as 750,000 Warsaw Pact troops and 6,500 tanks with 800 planes invade Czechoslovakia. It is dated as the biggest operation in Europe since WWII ended.August 21 – The Medal of Honor is posthumously awarded to James Anderson Jr.– he was the first black U.S. Marine to be awarded the Medal of Honor.August 24 – France explodes its first hydrogen bomb.August 22–August 30 – Police clash with anti-war protesters in Chicago, Illinois, outside the 1968 Democratic National Convention, which nominates Hubert Humphrey for U.S. President, and Edmund Muskie for Vice President. The riots and subsequent trials were an essential part of the activism of the Youth International Party.August 28 – John Gordon Mein, US Ambassador to Guatemala, is assassinated on the streets of Guatemala City. First US Ambassador assassinated in the line of duty.August 29 – Crown Prince Harald of Norway marries Sonja Haraldsen, the commoner he has dated for 9 years.September[edit]Main article: September 1968September 6 – Swaziland becomes independent.September 7 – 150 women (members of New York Radical Women) arrive in Atlantic City, New Jersey to protest against the Miss America Pageant, as exploitative of women. Led by activist and author Robin Morgan, it is one of the first large demonstrations of Second Wave Feminism as Women's Liberation begins to gather much media attention.The crash of Air France Flight 1611 kills 95 people, including French Army General René Cogny as the Caravelle jetliner plunges into the Mediterranean Sea while making its approach to Nice following its departure from the island of Corsica.The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) is founded.September 13 Albania officially withdraws from the Warsaw Pact upon the Soviet Union-led Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, having already ceased to participate actively in Pact activity since 1962.U.S. Army Major General Keith L. Ware, World War II Medal of Honor recipient, is killed when his helicopter is shot down in Vietnam. He is posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.An agreement for merger between the General Electric Company and English Electric, the largest industrial merger in the UK up to that time.September 14 – Detroit Tiger Denny McLain becomes the first baseball pitcher to win 30 games in a season since 1934. He remains the last player to accomplish the feat.September 17 – The D'Oliveira affair: The Marylebone Cricket Club tour of South Africa is cancelled when the South Africans refuse to accept the presence of Basil D'Oliveira, a Cape Coloured, in the side.September 20 – Hawaii Five-O debuts on CBS, and eventually becomes the longest-running crime show in television history, until Law & Order overtakes it in 2003.September 21 – The Soviet's Zond 5 unmanned lunar flyby mission returns to earth, with its first-of-a-kind biological payload intact.September 23 – Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive comes to an end in South Vietnam.September 24 – 60 Minutes debuts on CBS and is still on the air as of 2018.September 27 – Marcelo Caetano becomes prime minister of Portugal.September 29 – A referendum in Greece gives more power to the military junta.September 30 – Boeing introduces its largest passenger aircraft up to that time, the Boeing 747 at a public event at Paine Field, near Everett, Washington.October[edit]Main article: October 19681968 Summer OlympicsOctober 1 – Night of the Living Dead premieres in the United States.October 2 – Tlatelolco massacre: A student demonstration ends in bloodbath at La Plaza de las Tres Culturas in Tlatelolco, Mexico City, Mexico, 10 days before the inauguration of the 1968 Summer Olympics. 300-400 are estimated to have been killed.October 3 – In Peru, Juan Velasco Alvarado takes power in a revolution.October 5 – Police baton civil rights demonstrators in Derry, Northern Ireland, marking the beginning of The Troubles.October 7 – At the height of protests against the Vietnam War, José Feliciano performed "The Star-Spangled Banner" at Tiger Stadium in Detroit during Game 5 pre-game ceremonies of the 1968 World Series between the Tigers and the St. Louis Cardinals. His personalized, slow, Latin jazz performance proved highly controversial, opening the door for later interpretations of the national anthem.October 8 – Vietnam War – Operation Sealords: United States and South Vietnamese forces launch a new operation in the Mekong Delta.October 10 – 1968 World Series: The Detroit Tigers defeat the St. Louis Cardinals in the best of 7 series (4 games to 3) after being down 3 games to 1, completing an unlikely comeback against the heavily favored Cardinals led by the overpowering right-handed pitcher Bob Gibson. The final score of Game 7 is 4-1.October 11 Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 7, the first manned Apollo mission (Wally Schirra, Donn Eisele, Walter Cunningham). Mission goals include the first live television broadcast from orbit and testing the lunar module docking maneuver.in Panama, a military coup d'état, led by Col. Boris Martinez and Col. Omar Torrijos, overthrows the democratically elected (but highly controversial) government of President Arnulfo Arias. Within a year, Torrijos ousts Martinez and takes charge as de facto Head of Government in Panama.October 12–October 27 – The Games of the XIX Olympiad are held in Mexico City, Mexico.October 12 – Equatorial Guinea receives its independence from Spain.October 14 – Vietnam War: The United States Department of Defense announces that the United States Army and United States Marines will send about 24,000 troops back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours.October 16 In Mexico City, African-American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos raise their fists in a black power salute after winning, respectively, the gold and bronze medals in the Olympic men's 200 metres.Kingston, Jamaica is rocked by the Rodney Riots, provoked by the banning of Walter Rodney from the country.October 18 – US athlete Bob Beamon breaks the long jump world record by 55 cm / 21 3/4ins at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. His record stands for 23 years, and is still the second longest jump in history.October 20 – Former U.S. First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy marries Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis on the Greek island of Skorpios.October 22 – The Gun Control Act of 1968 is enacted.October 25 – Led Zeppelin makes their first live performance, at Surrey University in England[11]October 31 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in the Paris peace talks, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces to the nation that he has ordered a complete cessation of "all air, naval, and artillery bombardment of North Vietnam" effective November 1.November[edit]Main article: November 1968November 5 U.S. presidential election, 1968: Republican challenger Richard Nixon defeats the Democratic candidate, Vice President Hubert Humphrey, and American Independent Party candidate George C. Wallace.Luis A. Ferré, of the newly formed New Progressive Party is elected Governor of Puerto Rico, by beating incumbent governor Roberto Sánchez Vilella of the People's Party, Luis Negrón López of the Popular Democratic Party and Antonio J. Gonzalez of the Puerto Rican Independence Party, he also becomes the first "statehooder" governor of the Island.November 11 – A second republic is declared in the Maldives.November 14 – Yale University announces it is going to admit women.November 15 – Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt is initiated to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh trail, through Laos into South Vietnam. By the end of the operation, 3 million tons of bombs are dropped on Laos, slowing but not seriously disrupting trail operations. [12] [13]November 17 – The Heidi Game: NBC cuts off the final 1:05 of an Oakland Raiders–New York Jets football game to broadcast the pre-scheduled Heidi. Fans are unable to see Oakland (which had been trailing 32–29) score 2 late touchdowns to win 43–32; as a result, thousands of outraged football fans flood the NBC switchboards to protest.November 17 - British European Airways introduces the BAC One-Eleven into commercial service.November 19 – In Mali, President Modibo Keïta's regime is overthrown in a bloodless military coup led by Moussa Traoré.[14]November 20 – The Farmington Mine disaster in Farmington, West Virginia, kills seventy-eight men.November 22 The Beatles release their self-titled album popularly known as the White Album."Plato's Stepchildren", 12th episode of Star Trek 3rd season is aired, featuring the first-ever interracial kiss on U.S. national television between Lieutenant Uhura and Captain James T. Kirk.November 24 – 4 men hijack Pan Am Flight 281 from JFK International Airport, New York to Havana, Cuba.November 26 – Vietnam War: United States Air Force First Lieutenant and Bell UH-1F helicopter pilot James P. Fleming rescues an Army Special Forces unit pinned down by Viet Cong fire, earning a Medal of Honor for his bravery.December[edit]Main article: December 1968December 3 – The videotaped NBC television special Singer Presents...ELVIS (sponsored by The Singer Company, the American sewing machine manufacturer) marks the comeback of Elvis Presley after the legendary musician had been away from singing.December 6 – The Rolling Stones release Beggars Banquet, which contains the classic song "Sympathy for the Devil."December 9 – Douglas Engelbart publicly demonstrates his pioneering hypertext system, NLS, in San Francisco, together with the computer mouse, at what becomes retrospectively known as "The Mother of All Demos".December 10 – Japan's biggest heist, the never-solved "300 million yen robbery", occurs in Tokyo.December 11 The film Oliver!, based on the hit London and Broadway musical, opens in the U.S. after being released first in England. It goes on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus is filmed but is not released until 1996.December 13 – Prompted by growing unrest and proliferation of pro-communist terrorist actions, Brazilian president Artur da Costa e Silva enacts the so-called AI-5, the fifth of a series of non-constitutional emergency decrees that helped stabilize the country after the turmoils of the early 1960s.December 17 – In England, Mary Bell, aged 11, is found guilty of murdering two small boys and sentenced to life in detention, but is later released from prison in 1980 and granted anonymity.December 20 – The Zodiac Killer is believed to have shot Betty Lou Jensen and David Faraday on Lake Herman Road, Benicia, San Francisco Bay, California.December 22 David Eisenhower, grandson of former U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, marries Julie Nixon, the daughter of U.S. President-elect Richard Nixon.Mao Zedong advocates that educated urban youth in China be sent for re-education in the countryside. It marks the start of the "Up to the mountains and down to the villages" movement.December 24 – Apollo program: The manned U.S. spacecraft Apollo 8 enters orbit around the Moon. Astronauts Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and William A. Anders become the first humans to see the far side of the Moon and planet Earth as a whole, as well as having traveled further away from Earth than any people in history. Anders photographs Earthrise. The crew also reads from Genesis.December 26 – Led Zeppelin make their American debut in Denver.December 28 – Israeli forces fly into Lebanese airspace, launchin an attack on the airport in Beirut and destroying more than a dozen aircraft.Dates unknown[edit]The Khmer Rouge is officially formed in Cambodia as an offshoot movement of the Vietnam People's Army from North Vietnam to bring communism to the nation. A few years later, they will become bitter enemies.United Artists pulls eleven Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons in its library from television due to the depiction of racist stereotypes towards African-Americans. These cartoons come to be known as the Censored Eleven. Above is taken from Wikipedia