Guidelines For Admission Counseling Process. Image: Fill & Download for Free

JoSAA counselling 2019 will be organized after the announcement of JEE Advanced result and JEE Main (AIR). JoSAA (Joint Seat Allocation Authority) is a counselling authority which is set up by the MHRD (Ministry of Human Resources Development). JoSAA conducts and manages all the counselling related activities for admissions in IITs, ISM, NITs, IIITs, NSITs and other GFTIs. Here is the details about JoSAA 2019 Counselling including dates and procedure.JoSAA Counselling 2019After the announcement of the JEE Advanced result & JEE Main (AIR), the JoSAA 2019 counselling will be started. Only those candidates will be able to participate in the counselling process who have secured rank in the rank list. Registration, filling & locking choices, seat acceptance fee payment process will be done via online mode. Document verification and other reporting process will be conducted through offline mode.Events●Registration & filling choices●Display of mock seat allocation●Last date for registration & filling choices●Reconcile of data, allocate seats, verify & validate●1st round seat allocation●1st round seat acceptance●Display of seats availability●2nd round seat allocation●2nd round withdrawal/acceptance of seats●Display of seats availability●3rd round seat allocation●3rd round withdrawal/acceptance of seats●Display of seats availability●4th round seat allocation●4th round acceptance of seatsAnd so on until the 7th roundJoSAA Counselling ProcedureThe JoSAA Counselling 2019 has been divided into various steps. Here we have mentioned the step by step counselling process:Step-1: Filling ChoicesCandidates are required to login to the JoSAA portal with their JEE Main 2017 roll number and password. No fee shall be charged for filing the choices. Candidates have to fill the choices under the prescribe date. Students don’t forget to lock their filled choices before submitting. In case of candidates forget to lock their choices, last saved choices will be locked automatically.Step-2: Provisional Offer of Seats & ConfirmationCandidates can check the seats allotment through the website. Once the candidate has been allotted a seat, candidates are needed to download the provisional seat allocation letter and pay the seat acceptance fee. The seat acceptance fee will be Rs. 20,000/- for SC, ST, Gen-PwD, SC-PwD, ST-PwD and OBC-NCL-PwD categories and Rs. 45,000/- for all other categories.(THIS WAS DURING MY TIME) Fee payment can be made using SBI net banking or e-challan. Seats will be confirmed after the verification of documents. Candidates who reject the allotted seats are not eligible for further rounds. Seat acceptance fee will be refunded to candidates in case of not appearing at the reporting centre.Step-3: Document VerificationStudents are needed to appear at the reporting centre for document verification process. Candidates have to report to the centre at the prescribed date & time. The list of document verification centre will be published through the website. Don’t forget to bring the required original documents along with the photocopies. In case of candidate fails to produce the documents, the allotted seat will be cancelled.In case candidates have selected the float option and they have allotted a better seat in the further counselling rounds, then the candidates are needed to report again for document verification and seat acceptance.Step-4: Reporting at the Admitting InstitutionAfter completing the seat allocation, seat acceptance and document verification process, candidates are required to report to the allotted college or university. After reporting, students have to complete further admission formalities to confirm admission.Other Counselling ProcessFreeze, Float and Slide Options:Freeze: Students who accept the allotted seats and do not want to participate in further counselling rounds.Float: Students accept the allotted seats and also looking for admission to a better preference, they will accept it. Such aspirants will be considered for further counselling rounds.Slide: Candidates accept the allotted seats and also seeking for admission to an academic programme of better preferences within the same college or institution. Candidates will be considered for further admission process.Candidates can make changes from float to slide/ free and slide, etc. by reporting to the reporting centre.Changes cannot be made in the last round of seat allocation.Slide and float option will be given only for those candidates who have not offered admission to their first preference.Seat Withdraw Process:Students who have already accepted a seat, can withdraw the accepted seat by appearing at the reporting centre before the last round.After choosing the withdraw option, the candidate will not be permitted to participate in further admission rounds.Seat acceptance fee will be refunded to students after deducting Rs.1000/- processing charge.Candidates can not withdraw seats after the announcement of last round seat allocation.To withdraw seats, candidates have to fill their bank account details & upload an image of cancelled cheque (same account) in jpg format and download the withdrawal request letter.The letter should be duly signed by the candidates and their parents and report to the reporting centre.Hope it helps:-)Yes there will be a spot round for sure, regardless of the guidelines given by jossa. It’s just a trick by jossaa to put pressure on people to accept the seats. So, dont worry at all. Even last year, they kept saying that there won’t be any spot round this year but towards the end there happened one. So, keep waiting for it. I know its hard but have patience. Many students leave their seats due to change in their plans so these guys are not left with any choice other than conducting a spot round.Check this out, this will help you out, WE at DOUBTNUT are always eager to help

Complete Expert Review On Application Form, Dates, Pattern & Syllabus of NEET-2017National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test, more commonly known as NEET UG is a medical entrance exam which is conducted for admission to MBBS and BDS courses across all Medical and Dental colleges in India. The Official Notification of NEET 2017 will be released in the mid of January.The exam will contain questions from the PCB stream of education at High School level. The mode for conducting exams will be Offline of 3 hours duration. The test paper would consist of a total of 18o questions.The final result for the NEET 2017 exam will be declared till the month of June 2017 after which CBSE will start conducting counseling for the seats available at colleges which are participating in NEET 2017. In the year 2017, the NEET exam will be conducted for approximately 60,000 seats in medical and dental colleges.NEET-UG exam has replaced AIPMT. As per the directives of the Supreme Court of India, NEET will the only exam conducted for admission into any medical and dental college in India from 2017 onwards. NEET exam has been introduced to bring transparency in the admission process for MBBS and BDS courses where every institutions sell themselves due to the acute demand in the Medical stream and also spare students the stress of appearing in multiple medical entrance exams.What is NEET exam?NEET is the National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test conducted by CBSE for admission to Medical and Dental Government Colleges managed by both Central and State governments as well as privately owned Universities and Institutes. The exam is conducted once every year in the month of July - August. Candidates can register online for NEET which usually commences in the month of May every year.In a rather monumental decision, Supreme court re-introduced NEET as a single tier entrance exam from this year to replace AIPMT as well as State and University level medical entrance tests for admission to MBBS and BDS program. Therefore, 15% All India Quota seats managed by DGHS, Government of India as well as remaining 85% seats distributed among all the states will be filled through NEET.Changes in NEET 2017• According to latest Govt. Notification NEET is the only medical entrance exam in the country (except AIIMS and JIPMER).• Candidates can now choose any one of the 8 languages which includes English, Hindi, Assamese, Gujarati, Tamil, Bengali, Telugu and Marathi.• Candidates registering for NEET 2017 must possess the AADHAR Card. Candidate has to fill his AADHAR Card number while filling the Application Form. Check The Notification• Candidates can now pay the Registration fees by Paytm Also________________________________________NEET 2017 Important DatesThe schedule for NEET 2017 will be out in December 2016 and there will be a one-month window to fill the application form. The table below elucidates the tentative schedule for NEET exam.ü NEET 2017 Application Form available First half of January 2017ü Last Date to fill NEET 2017 Application Form Last Week of January 2017ü Receipt of Confirmation page by CBSE (without late fee) Last week of January 2017ü Last date to submit application form (with late fee) Last week of January 2017ü Receipt of Confirmation page by CBSE (with late fee) First week of February 2017ü Admit Card Release date First week of April 2017ü NEET 2017 Exam date First week of May 2017ü NEET 2017 Result Declaration First week of June 2017NEET 2017 Eligibility CriteriaBefore applying to NEET 2017, a candidate must ascertain that they fulfill the eligibility criteria required for NEET 2017. A brief overview of the eligibility criteria for NEET 2017 is given below:1. Nationality: The candidate must be an Indian citizen or an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI).2. Age Limit: The candidate must be of minimum 17 years of age on December 2017. The maximum age limit for applying to NEET 2017 is 25 years for general category candidates. Reserved category candidates will have a relaxation of 5 years in maximum age limit.3. Academic Eligibility: A candidate must have either passed or appearing in the 10+2 or any equivalent examination from a recognized board of education with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Biotechnology as subjects of study. The candidates must also have scored a minimum of 50% marks in HSC. For reserved category (SC/ST/OBC) candidates, the minimum percentage required is 40%. Physically handicapped students from general category must have secured 45% marks.NEET 2017 RegistrationThe NEET 2017 Registration will begin in the month of January 2017. It will be an online process and there will be no offline application forms. The application form can be accessed through the official webiste of NEET. Along with the application form, CBSE will also release an information booklet which must be consulted by the student during form filling to avoid any mistake. The basic steps involved in applying to NEET 2017 exams are given below:1. Registration on the NEET 2017 official website by providing name, date of birth, email id, and phone number.2. Filling details in the application form. The candidate must enter correct details so as to avoid rejection at any stage of selection.3. Uploading images on the official website. The images required are candidate’s photograph, signature, left hand thumb impression, and self-declaration. These should be scanned and uploaded at the required stage of application process.4. The next step is payment of application fee. Application fee could be paid either in the online mode using a valid debit/credit card or in the offline mode using e-challan generated during form filling.5. The last step in the application form is to send the confirmation page generated after completion of application form to CBSE. Candidates whose confirmation page do not reach the CBSE office on time will not be issued admit crad for NEET 2017. The confirmation page should be sent to the below address:The Assisstant Secretary (NEET)Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community CenterPreet Vihar, New Delhi 110092__________________________________________________NEET 2017 Application FeeThe NEET 2017 application fee must be paid within 4 days of the registration. Claims for refund after submission of fee and application form will not be entertained under any circumstances. The table below gives the registration fee for various categories:CATEGORY WITHOUT LATE FEE & WITH LATE FEEGeneral/OBCRs. 1400Rs. 2800 (1400 + 1400)SC/ST/PHRs. 750Rs. 2150 (750 + 1400)Online Mode: Candidates can pay fee through Debit Card/Credit Card/Net Banking/Paytm as online mode.Offline Mode: Candidates can pay fee through Bank Challan________________________________________NEET 2017 Admit CardNEET 2017 Admit Card will be issued only for those applicants who complete the application process before the last date. The candidates can download and print the NEET 2017 Admit Card in the first week of April 2017. The candidates are advised to print multiple copies of the NEET 2017 Admit Card to avoid any discrepancy later.The steps to download the NEET 2017 Admit Card are as follows:• Open the official website of NEET 2017.• Click on the link to download the NEET 2017 Admit Card.• Log in using the registration number and the date of birth mentioned during the NEET 2017Application Process.• Post log in, the NEET 2017 Admit card appears on the screen.• Download the NEET 2017 Admit Card and print two-three copies of the same.________________________________________NEET 2017 Exam PatternNEET 2017 Exam is on the same pattern as its older version. Candidates must carefully check the NEET 2017 Exam Pattern so as to prepare well for the entrance test. The NEET 2017 exam will be of 3 hours duration & timings will be from 10:00 to 01:00 PM. The exam will be conducted in offline mode, that is it will be a pen-paper based test.The candidates can choose the language of the test booklet during the NEET 2017 Application Process. The candidates who choose English will be provided English question booklet during the exam whereas the candidates choosing Hindi shall receive a bilingual (both Hindi and English) Question Booklet.Update: Apart from Hindi and English, NEET can be given in many regional languages as well. Now students can choose Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi,Telugu, Kannada and Tamil to give NEET 2017.There are 180 multiple choice questions with one correct answer to be marked by the candidate in the OMR sheet. The NEET 2017 includes 45 questions in every section based on each subject namely Physics, Chemistry and Biology (Botany and Zoology). For every correct answer 4 marks will be awarded and for every incorrect answer 1 mark will be deducted.________________________________________NEET 2017 Syllabus• NEET Syllabus will be from 4 subjects; Physics, Chemistry, Botany and Zoology• Questions will come from all the above mentioned subjects• NEET 2017 Syllabus will be from 11 and 12 class books (NCERT and CBSE)________________________________________NEET 2017 ResultNEET 2017 Result will be declared post display of the NEET 2017 Answer key. The expected date for NEET 2017 result declaration is in the first week of June 2017. The candidates who qualify the minimum marks requirement are eligible to apply for NEET 2017 Counselling.The candidates are required to score the minimum marks mentioned in the table below to qualify for admissions to various Medical/Dental Colleges/Institutes/Universities or AFMC:CATEGORY QUALIFYING MARKS OUT OF TOTAL 720 MARKSGeneral50%equal to 360 marksSC/ST/OBC40%equal to 288 marksGeneral PH45%equal to 324 marksReserved PH40%equal to 288 marksAlong with the NEET result, the merit list for qualified candidates will also be released. The counselling and allotment process will be done on the basis of Merit list prepared. The inter-se-merit for candidates with same total marks are resolved by giving preference to candidates in the following order.1. Marks in Biology2. Marks in Chemistry3. Fewer incorrect answers.4. Candidate older in age.________________________________________NEET 2017 CounsellingAfter declaration of the NEET 2017 Result and NEET 2017 Cut off, the candidates will have to participate in NEET 2016 Counselling. The Counselling Procedure for NEET 2017 will be conducted by Medical Counselling Committee (MCC), Directorate General of Health Sciences after NEET 2017 ResultDeclaration :Qualified candidates can register for NEET 2017 Counselling by following the steps given below:• Online Registration: Candidates have to register themselves to participate in the NEET 2017 Counselling. Candidates have to mention the roll number, name, date of birth, mobile number etc. The candidate receives a Login ID & password on the registered mobile number & email ID. Candidates have to login with the received ID & password for the further process.• Choice Filling & Locking: Candidates are required to make a choice of their desired courses & colleges. After the selection of courses & colleges, candidates have to lock the Choices.• Seat Allotment: Seat Allotment is conducted in three rounds. Seats are alloted to a candidate on the basis of their ranks in NEET and choices filled during online registration for counselling process.________________________________________NEET 2017 Reservation CriteriaNEET 2017 Reservation, as mentioned by the MHRD ministry varies for different categories. A total of three hundred and Fifty Five Participating MBBS Colleges & Three Hundred Participating Dental colleges have been listed by MCI, which fall under the ambit of NEET 2017. These colleges shall offer a total of 43,740 MBBS seats & 24,840 Dental seats across India. The table below gives the seat reservation for the various categories for NEET 2017:________________________________________NEET 2017 Cut offThe table below explains the category wise cut-off for NEET 2016. It is expected that the cut off for NEET 2017 will bCategoryReservationScheduled Caste15%Scheduled Tribe7.5%OBC27%Physically Handicapped3%Category , Marks Range , Qualifying Criteria & No. Of CandidatesOthers685-14550th Percentile171329OBC678-11840th Percentile175226SC595-11840th Percentile47183ST599-11840th Percentile15710UR&PH474-13145th Percentile437OBC&PH510-11840th Percentile597SC&PH415-11840th Percentile143ST&PH339-11840th Percentile36________________________________________NEET 2017 Preparation TipsNEET 2017 is one of the most important exams for medical aspirants in India. It is relatively new and so a lot of candidates might be facing trouble in getting to know about the guidelines regarding the examination, counseling procedures and the seat allotment. However, they should not worry, as NEET exam will follow a pattern which would be somehow similar to the now scraped AIPMT exam. The exam will have questions from the various topics spanning Physics, Chemistry, Zoology, and Botany subjects. Below are some tips which may come in handy to those aiming for a good rank in the NEET 2017 exam.1. Follow NCERT Text Book: Since the exam is conducted by CBSE, its more likely that the topics would be asked from the NCERT textbooks prescribed in CBSE syllabus for 10+2. These books will not only help you clear all your concepts but will also give you a basic foundation of the pedagogies to be followed and the tricks to be mastered for the same.2. Take tests: Mock Tests will help you to get familiar with the examination pattern and attune your preparation for the exam day. You can also keep track and measure your performance in the tests which will help you make in winning strategies to get through the NEET exam.3. Keep taking breaks: It is always advisable to consume things in chunks. That’s why the students must study taking short breaks in between for recreational activities such as reading magazines, watching movies etc. to get the stress out of their mind and gain extra-ordinary focus on the exam.4. Daily and Weekly Study Planner: Make a daily and weekly schedule for your preparation. Following a study schedule will help you in improving your performance. It is advised not to make a static routine for studying. Rather, it must be a dynamic one and with complete analysis. They may distribute the whole day into a fraction of hours and track their activities either constructive or destructive during the day and at night, sit down with the report and optimize the performance gradually from destructive to constructive. This may boost your performance thereafter in the exam.5. Important Books for NEET 2017: Below is a curated list of books which may help you to get through the NEET 2017 Preparation:1. Physics: CBSE PMT set of 3 Volumes by P. Aggarwal2. Pradeep's Biology3. SC Verma (Part-1 and 2) ABC Chemistry4. Arihant Organic Chemistry5. MTG (Biology Today) CBSE PMT (Subscription) Dinesh Chemistry Class 116. Dinesh Class 12 Chemistry7. Trueman's Biology Volume 18. Trueman's Biology Volume 29. Truemans Objective Biology10. AC Dutta for Botany (Oxford Publication)11. HC Verma for Physics Vol 112. HC Verma for Physics Volume 213. Morrison Boyd for Organic Chemistry14. Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula for Physical Chemistry________________________________________NEET 2017 Contact DetailsIn case of any queries related to exam, results and finding possibilities of their admission in the colleges/universities of their choice, Candidates can contact undersigned for help :-Helpline Number - 8287233233

The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an examination that primarily tests the comprehensive understanding of various undergraduate subjects in engineering and science for admission into the Masters Program Sector Companies. GATE is conducted jointly by the Indian Institute of Science and seven Indian Institutes of Technologies at Roorkee, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Chennai (Madras) and Mumbai (Bombay) on behalf of the National Coordination Board – GATE, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), Government of India.The GATE score of a candidate reflects the relative performance level of a candidate. The score is used for admissions to various post-graduate education programs (e.g. Master of Engineering, Master of Technology, Master of Architecture, Doctor of Philosophy) in Indian higher education institutes, with financial assistance provided by MHRD and other government agencies. Recently, GATE scores are also being used by several Indian public sector undertakings for recruiting graduate engineers in entry-level positions. It is one of the most competitive examinations in India. GATE is also recognized by various institutes outside India, such as Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.[7]Financial assistance in post-graduate programs[edit]The GATE is used as a requirement for financial assistance (e.g. scholarships) for a number of programs, though criteria differ by admitting institution.[2] In December 2015, the University Grants Commission and MHRD announced that the scholarship for GATE-qualified master's degree students is increased by 55% from ₹8,000 (US$110) per month to ₹12,400 (US$170) per month.[8][9]Eligibility[edit]The following students are eligible to take GATE:[5]Bachelor's degree holders in Engineering / Technology / Architecture (3 years after 10+2/ 10+2+3(ongoing)/ 10+2+4(ongoing)/ http://Post-B.Sc./ Post-Diploma) and those who are in the final year of such programs.Master's degree holders in any branch of Science/Mathematics/Statistics/Computer Applications or equivalent and those who are in the final year of such programs.Candidates in the second or higher year of Four-year integrated master's degree programs (http://Post-B.Sc.) in Engineering / Technology.Candidates in the fourth or higher year of Five-year integrated master's degree programs or Dual Degree programs in Engineering / Technology.Candidates with qualifications obtained through examinations conducted by professional societies recognized by UGC/AICTE (e.g. AMIE by IE(India), AMICE by the Institute of Civil Engineers (India)-ICE(I), AMIETE By IETE(India)) as equivalent to B.E./B.Tech.Those who have completed section A or equivalent of such professional courses are also eligible.There is no age limit criterion defined by the exam conducting authority to appear in GATE.[10]Disciplines, structure, syllabus, and marking scheme[edit]Disciplines[edit]At present, GATE is conducted in the following 27 disciplines. A candidate can select any one of these.[2]GATE PaperCodeGATE PaperCodeAerospace EngineeringAEInstrumentation EngineeringINAgricultural EngineeringAGMathematicsMAArchitecture and PlanningARMechanical EngineeringMEBiomedicalBMMining EngineeringMNBiotechnologyBTMetallurgical EngineeringMTCivil EngineeringCEPetroleum EngineeringPEChemical EngineeringCHPhysicsPHComputer Science and Information TechnologyCSProduction and Industrial EngineeringPIChemistryCYTextile Engineering and Fiber ScienceTFElectronics and Communication EngineeringECEngineering SciencesXE*Electrical EngineeringEELife SciencesXL**Environmental Science and EngineeringESHumanities and Social SciencesXH***Ecology and EvolutionEYStatisticsST[11]Geology and GeophysicsGGThe paper sections under XE* , XL** and XH*** are defined by some dedicated codes which are mentioned in the following table-* Engineering Sciences (XE) Paper Sections(A and any 2 of B to H)Code** Life Sciences (XL) Paper Sections(P and any 2 of Q to U)CodeHumanities and Social Sciences (XH) Paper Sections(B1 and any 1 of C1 to C6)CodeEngineering Mathematics (Compulsory)AChemistry (Compulsory)PReasoning and Comprehension (Compulsory)B1Fluid MechanicsBBiochemistryQEconomicsC1Materials ScienceCBotanyREnglishC2Solid MechanicsDMicrobiologySLinguisticsC3ThermodynamicsEZoologyTPhilosophyC4Polymer Science and EngineeringFFood TechnologyUPsychologyC5Food TechnologyGSociologyC6Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesHDuration and examination type[edit]The examination is of 3 hours duration, and contains a total of 65 questions worth a maximum of 100 marks. The examination for all the papers is carried out in an online Computer Based Test (CBT) mode where the candidates are shown the questions in a random sequence on a computer screen. The questions consist of some Multiple Choice Questions or MCQs (four answer options out of which only ONE is correct, which has to be chosen). Remaining questions may be of Multiple Select Questions or MSQs (four answer options out of which ONE or MORE than ONE is/are correct, hence correct options need to be chosen) and/or Numerical Answer Type questions or NATs (answer is a real number, to be entered via an on-screen keypad and computer mouse).[2]Syllabus[edit]Verbal Ability: English grammar, sentence completion, verbal analogies, word groups, instructions, critical reasoning and verbal deduction.Numerical Ability: Numerical computation, numerical estimation, numerical reasoning and data interpretation.Engineering Mathematics (not for all Papers)Technical Ability: Technical questions related to the Paper chosenQuestions and marking scheme[edit]The examination will consist of totally 65 questions, segregated as One-mark and Two-mark questions. Out of 65 questions, 10 questions will be from General Aptitude (Verbal and Numerical ability) and 55 questions will be Technical, based on the Paper chosen. The General Aptitude section will have 5 One-mark questions and 5 Two-mark questions, accounting for about 15% of total marks. The Technical section and Engineering Mathematics section will combinedly have 25 One-mark questions and 30 Two-mark questions, accounting for about 85% of total marks. Further, all the sections may have some Multiple Choice Questions or MCQs, while remaining questions may be Multiple Select Questions or MSQs and/or Numerical Answer Type questions or NATs. The examination awards negative marks for wrong MCQ answers. Usually, 1/3rd of original marks will be deducted for wrong MCQ answers (i.e. -0.33 for wrong One-mark answers and -0.66 for wrong Two-mark answers) while there are no negative marks for MSQs and NATs. Also there is NO partial credit for MSQs and NATs.Result and test score[edit]GATE results are usually declared about one month after the examinations are over. The results show the total marks scored by a candidate, the GATE score, the all-India rank (AIR) and the cut off marks for various categories in the candidate's paper. The score is valid for 3 years from the date of announcement of the GATE results. The score cards are issued only to qualified candidates.Normalized GATE Score (new procedure)[edit]Calculation of "normalized marks" for subjects held in multiple sessions (CE, CS, EC, EE and ME):Graph showing the linear relationship between "actual marks" and "normalized marks" of a candidate, in a multiple-session subject (CE, CS, EC, EE and ME) of GATE.Mgt= average marks of top 0.1 % candidates in all sessions of that subject.Mgq= mean + standard deviation, of marks of all candidates in all sessions of that subject.Mti= average marks of top 0.1 % candidates in the ith session of that subject.Miq= mean + standard deviation, of marks of all candidates in the ith session of that subject.From 2014 onward, examination for CE, CS, EC, ME and EE subjects is being held in multiple sessions. Hence, for these subjects, a suitable normalization is applied to take into account any variation in the difficulty levels of the question sets across different sessions. The normalization is done based on the fundamental assumption that "in all multi-session GATE papers, the distribution of abilities of candidates is the same across all the sessions". According to the GATE committee, this assumption is justified since "the number of candidates appearing in multi-session subjects in GATE 2014 is large and the procedure of allocation of session to candidates is random. Further it is also ensured that for the same multi-session subject, the number of candidates allotted in each session is of the same order of magnitude."Based on the above, and considering various normalization methods, the committee arrived at the following formula for calculating the normalized marks, for CE, CS, EC, EE and ME subjects:[12]Normalized mark (︿Mij) of jth candidate in ith session, is given by[math]{\displaystyle {\hat {M}}_{ij}={\frac {{\bar {M}}_{t}^{g}-M_{q}^{g}}{M_{ti}-M_{iq}}}(M_{ij}-M_{iq})+M_{q}^{g}}[/math]where,Mijis the actual marks obtained by the jth candidate in the ith session,Mgtis the average marks of the top 0.1 % candidates in all sessions of that subject,Mgqis the sum of mean and standard deviation of marks of all candidates in all sessions of that subject,Mtiis the average of marks of top 0.1 % candidates in the ith session of that subject,Miqis the sum of mean and standard deviation of marks of all candidates in the ith session of that subject.After evaluation of the answers, normalized marks based on the above formula will be calculated using the raw (actual) marks obtained by a candidate in the CE, CS, EC, EE or ME subject. The "score" will be calculated using these normalized marks. For all other subjects (whose tests are conducted in a single session), the actual marks obtained by the candidates will be used in calculating the score.Calculation of GATE Score for all subjects (single-session and multiple-session):Graph showing the linear relationship between marks and score in GATE.Mq= Qualifying marks for general category candidates.Mt= Average marks of top 0.1 % candidates (for subjects with 10000 or more appeared candidates) or top 10 candidates (for subjects with less than 10000 appeared candidates).Sq= 350.St= 900.Note: In case of multiple-session subjects (EC, CS, ME, EE and CE), "marks" considered are the "normalized marks".From GATE 2014 onward (and year 2014-15 of the 2-year validity period of GATE 2013 score), a candidate's GATE score is computed by the following new formula.[13][math]{\displaystyle S=S_{q}+(S_{t}-S_{q}){\frac {M-M_{q}}{{\overline {M}}_{t}-M_{q}}}}[/math]where,S = Score (normalized) of a candidate,M = Marks obtained by a candidate ("normalized marks" in case of multiple-session subjects CE, CS, EC, EE and ME),Mq= Qualifying marks for general category candidates in that subject (usually 25 or μ + σ, whichever is higher),μ = Average (i.e. arithmetic mean) of marks of all candidates in that subject,σ = Standard deviation of marks of all candidates in that subject,Mt= Average marks of top 0.1 % candidates (for subjects with 10000 or more appeared candidates) or top 10 candidates (for subjects with less than 10000 appeared candidates),St= 900 = Score assigned to Mt,Sq= 350 = Score assigned to Mq.A scorecard in the Mechanical Engineering test of GATE 2015. (The candidate's photograph, signature, name, registration number, and QR code are blurred.)Percentile:A candidate's percentile denotes the percentage of candidates scoring lower than that particular candidate. It is calculated as:Percentile = ( 1 - All India rank/No. of candidates in that subject ) x 100%Old formula[edit]Till GATE 2012 (and year 2013-14 of the 2-year validity period of GATE 2013 score), the score was calculated using the formula:[14]GATE score = [math]{\displaystyle 10(a_{g}+s_{g}{\frac {m-a}{S}})}[/math]where,m = Marks obtained by the candidate,a = Average of marks of all candidates who appeared in that subject, in that year, with marks less than zero converted to zero,S = Standard deviation of marks of all candidates who appeared in that subject, in that year, with marks less than zero converted to zero,ag= Global average of marks of all candidates who appeared across all subjects in current and past 5 years (i.e. 2010 to 2013 for GATE 2013), with marks less than zero converted to zero,sg= Global standard deviation of marks of all candidates who appeared across all subjects in current and past 5 years (i.e. 2010 to 2013 for GATE 2013), with marks less than zero converted to zero.Qualifying marks[edit]The rules for qualifying marks have varied from year to year. The qualifying marks (out of 100) are different for different subjects as well as categories.CategoryQualifying mark (out of 100)General (GN)25 or 25+, whichever is higher.Other backward classes (OBC)90% of general category's qualifying mark.Scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST)2/3 (i.e., 66.67%) of general category's qualifying mark.Here μ is the average (i.e., arithmetic mean) of marks of all candidates in the subject (with negative marks converted to zero) and σ is the standard deviation of all marks in that subject.Usually, the general category's qualifying mark is in the 25 to 50 range.The Government of India implemented reservations for other backward classes in college admissions and public sector job recruitment in the year 2008. Before that, all OBC candidates were included in the "general" category. There was no separate OBC category then.Statistics[edit]The following line chart shows the number of candidates registered, appeared, and qualified (total of all subjects).RegisteredAppearedQualifiedhideYearRegisteredAppearedQualifiedPercentage of appeared that qualifiedReference(s)2008About 180,000 *About 170,000*[15][16][17]2009About 230,000*About 210,000*[15][17]2010About 415,000 *[18][unreliable source?]2011About 553,000 *[19][unreliable source?]2012777,134686,614108,52615.81%[20]20131,200,728984,855136,69913.88%[21]20141,033,625889,156149,69416.84%[22]2015927,580804,463121,060[13,874 general category candidates who scored above the OBC (NCL) qualifying mark, but below the general category qualifying mark, received scorecards. But they did not qualify.]15.05%[23]2016971,831818,850135,39216.53%[24]2017922,167787,148129,14916%[25]* Precise figures unavailable right now.The following line chart shows the variation of the number of candidates appeared in the 5 subjects with the largest numbers of appeared candidates, since GATE 2010:Electronics and Communication Engineering (EC)Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)Mechanical Engineering (ME)Electrical Engineering (EE)Civil Engineering (CE)All other subjectshideYearElectronics and Communication EngineeringComputer Science and Information TechnologyMechanical EngineeringElectrical EngineeringCivil EngineeringOthersTotalReference(s)2010104,291107,08659,33852,24619,406About 72,000*About 415,000*[18][unreliable source?]2011137,853136,02781,17572,68029,347About 96,000*About 553,000*[26][unreliable source?]2012176,944156,780112,320110,12536,15694,289686,614[20]2013256,135224,160165,814152,38167,472118,893984,855[21]2014216,367155,190185,578141,79990,87299,350889,156[22]2015172,714115,425185,758125,851101,429103,286804,463[23]2016183,152131,803234,727146,293118,1474728818,8502017152,318108,495197,789125,859119,87382814787,1482018125,870107,893194,496121,383153078* Precise figures unavailable right now.Gate Statistics by Years[edit]showGATE 2012 statisticsshowGATE 2013 statisticsshowGATE 2014 statisticsshowGATE 2015 statisticsDifficulty level[edit]GATE, for long, has been known to test the Engineering basics in a smart way. Complaints of "lengthy" problems have been rare. But the task of mastering an entire course of Engineering (around 30 undergraduate subjects) for a three-hour test, itself gives the test a certain level of toughness. Each year, only around 15% of all appearing candidates qualify. High percentiles (more than 99th percentile, in some cases) are required to get admission in M.Tech. or M.E. degree programs in Indian Institutes of Technology and Indian Institute of Science, or get shortlisted for job interviews in Indian public sector undertakings.Admission to post-graduate programs[edit]Unlike undergraduate admissions in India, candidates must apply individually to each institute after the institute has published its M.Tech. notification (usually in the month of March). There is no separate counselling held. For admissions in NIT's and IIIT's, CCMT is held every year and the notification is released around April of each year.[31]Some institutions specify GATE qualification as mandatory even for admission of self-financing students to postgraduate programs. GATE qualified candidates are also eligible for the award of Junior Research Fellowship in CSIR Laboratories and CSIR sponsored projects. Top rank holders in some GATE papers are entitled to apply for "Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Fellowship" awarded by CSIR. Some government organizations prescribe GATE qualification as a requirement for applying to the post of a Scientist/Engineer.In recent years, various academicians have recognized GATE as being one of the toughest exams in its category. Some non-Indian universities like the National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University in Singapore and some technical universities in Germany also identify GATE score as a parameter for judging the quality of the candidates for admission into their Masters and Ph.D. programs.Some management institutes like NITIE, Mumbai offer admission to Post Graduate Diploma in Industrial Engineering on the basis of GATE score.Most Indian institutes do not specify cut-off marks for previous years. So there is a general confusion in terms of selecting institutes and specializations. But in the recent years IIT Kharagpur and IIT Guwahati have been specifying last year cut-off mark list. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi has a very detailed website on Post Graduate (PG) activities and admissions where students can find the relevant information on cut-off marks etc. Typically the Indian Institute of Science and Indian Institutes of Technology are the most selective followed by National Institutes of Technology and others. Also there are some state universities in India, whose standards and facilities are very much comparable to top IITs and NITs. Some of them are Punjab Engineering College( Deemed to be University) (Chandigarh), Bengal Engineering and Science University (recently converted to IIEST), Jadavpur University, Delhi Technological University, gautam budh technical university, u.p, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Andhra University College of Engineering, Osmania University etc. Even within the top institutes, the selection criteria varies widely across departments and programs depending on expertise areas. The Directorate of Technical Education of Maharashtra state has also started conducting CAP round from the year 2013 for GATE and non-GATE candidates in all institutes in Maharashtra that offer M.E./M.Tech. programs.CSIR's JRF - GATE fellowship[edit]The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) introduced the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) - GATE scheme in 2002 to allow GATE-qualified engineering graduates and GPAT-qualified pharmaceutical graduates to pursue research through suitable Ph.D. programs at CSIR laboratories.[32]Stipend and tenure:The fellowship amount is ₹25,000 (US$350) per month plus HRA (house rent allowance). In addition, contingency grant of ₹20,000 (US$280) per annum (calculated on pro-rata basis for fraction of a year) is also provided. On completion of 2 years as JRF - GATE, the fellowship may be upgraded to SRF (Senior Research Fellowship) - GATE and stipend may be increased to ₹28,000 (US$390) per month in the subsequent years, on the basis of assessment of CSIR JRF-NET guidelines.The total duration of the fellowship is 5 years, within which the candidate is expected to complete the Ph.D. degree.[32]Recruitment[edit]Public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India, for long, have had troubles conducting their recruitment processes with more than 100,000 students taking the exams for less than 1000 jobs (a selection rate of less than 1%). After sensing the exponential rise in the number of engineering graduates in India who wish to get a PSU job, the PSUs have decided that a GATE score shall be the primary criteria for initial shortlisting. This change was the primary cause for the rapid increase in applicants for GATE 2012.Indian Oil Corporation was the first PSU which successfully tested out this system and was followed two years later by National Thermal Power Corporation, Bharat Heavy Electricals, Bharat Electronics & PowerGrid Corporation of India.Usually these companies release their recruitment notifications right after GATE notification, indicating that candidates have to take GATE to be considered for a job in their organizations.List of companies[edit]Many companies have signed Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with the GATE organizing committee, for using GATE score as a screening tool for recruiting engineers at entry-level positions.Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.[33]Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.[34]Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.[35][36]National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd.[37]Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.[38]Mazagon Dock Ltd.[39]Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Ltd.[40]Oil and Natural Gas Corporation[41]Central Electronics Ltd.[citation needed]Coal India Ltd.[citation needed]National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd.[citation needed][42]Punjab State Power Corporation Ltd.[citation needed]THDC Ltd.[citation needed]Odisha Power Generation Corporation[citation needed]Ircon International Ltd.[citation needed]Bharat Broadband Network Limited[43]National Highways Authority of India[44]Airport Authority of India[citation needed]Delhi Metro Rail Corporation[citation needed]Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited[citation needed]The syllabus for the GATE exam and its preparation remains the same, irrespective of whether one is applying for a job at a PSU or seeking admission for post graduation in engineering.Changes in recent years[edit]YearChangesReference(s)2009The Information Technology and Computer Science tests were merged into a single Computer Science and Information Technology test (code "CS").The GATE score was valid only for one year but later the GATE committee made it valid for two years in 2010.2010Pharmacy was no longer a GATE subject, with the Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (conducted by the All India Council for Technical Education) as the replacement.The Biotechnology section of the Engineering Sciences GATE paper had been removed and a separate Biotechnology test (code "BT") was started.An additional section of General Aptitude was introduced in GATE. Ten questions carrying 15 marks makes up this section of GATE Exam.2011Based on a trouble-free pilot project in 2010, four of the GATE papers in GATE 2011 were run using computer based online mode. The four online papers for 2011 were Aerospace Engineering (code "AE"), Geology and Geophysics (code "GG"), Mining Engineering (code "MN") and Textile Engineering and Fiber Science (code "TF").GATE was held in morning (9:00 to 12:00) session for some papers and afternoon (14:00 to 17:00) session for others. Also, the computer based tests was held on a different date.2012Only final year students and passed-out candidates were declared eligible to take GATE. Pre-final year B.E./B.Tech. students, who were eligible till 2011, were no longer eligible.The application process was made completely online. Candidates could view their responses of the ORS and also GATE Office released official solutions for GATE papers.The admit card was made downloadable from the application website. Sending admit cards by post was discontinued.The exam mode was changed from paper-based to "online" (i.e. computer-based) for 2 additional subjects: Agricultural Engineering (code "AG") and Architecture and Planning (code "AR").The use of pencils to darken the bubbles in the answer sheet was discontinued. Candidates could use only black ink ball point pens for darkening of the bubbles in the answer sheet.[45]2013Female candidates were exempted from paying the application fee.Candidates were required to upload scanned copy of photograph and signature. Print-out of the completed application form was to be mailed to the institute by post.The application fee was increased from ₹ 1000 to ₹ 1200.The GATE score formula was changed. Scores calculated using the old formula were effective during the year 2013–14. Scores calculated using the new formula were effective during the year 2014–15.[46][47]2014A new subject of Ecology and Evolution (code "EY") was introduced.Examinations for all the 22 subjects was conducted by an online Computer-Based Test (CBT). The online examination contained some questions for which numerical answers must be keyed in by the candidate using the "virtual" (i.e. on-screen) keypad. Rest of the questions were of Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) type.Female candidates were required to pay some fee for application, a change introduced due to many raising complaints about a large portion of female candidates who registered but did not appear for the exam in 2013.Application fee was increased from ₹ 1200 to ₹ 1500 for general category, OBC male/other candidates, and ₹ 750 for all female candidates and SC, ST male/other candidates.GATE score's validity is increased from 2 years to 3 years.Examinations were held during forenoon and afternoon sessions on alternate weekends (Saturday and Sunday) between 1 February 2014 and 2 March 2014. Examination for the subjects ME, EE, EC, and CS was held in multiple sessions due to the large numbers of registered candidates.[48][49]2015The entire application process is made online. All required documents have to be scanned and uploaded on the online application system. Candidates no longer have to send anything by post.Printed (i.e. hard-copy) score cards are no longer sent to candidates. Only a digital (i.e. soft-copy) score card can be downloaded by qualified candidates from the official GATE website.[50][51][52]2016Candidates are not permitted to bring their own calculators. An online virtual (i.e. on-screen) calculator will be available during the examination.The syllabus has been revised for some subjects.A new subject of Petroleum Engineering (code "PE") has been introduced.After completion of all test sessions, an Answer Key will be provided for candidates to check. Candidates can challenge the GATE 2016 Answer Key on a nominal fee for a specified time period.[53]2017A New Section has been introduced in the Engineering Sciences (XE) Paper. This section is the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (section H).International students from countries namely Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia and United Arab Emirates are now eligible to apply for GATE 2017.[54]2018While choosing the exam centres for GATE 2018, the candidates will have to select their first two choices from the same GATE zone. The third choice can be from any other GATE zone.Candidates are not required to upload the scanned image of their thumb impression while filling the GATE online application.GATE will be held across 200 cities in India.GATE 2018 will also be held in following international cities- Addis Ababa, Colombo, Dhaka, Kathmandu, Dubai and Singapore.[55][56]2019GATE 2019 introduces a new paper "Statistics" with a code of "ST".Candidates who fail to apply by 21 September 2018 can still apply till 1 October 2018 by paying a late fee of ₹ 500. The late fee in case of foreign centres is US$20.[57]2020Two new subjects - Environmental Science and Engineering (ES) and Humanities and Social Science (XS) have also been added in GATE exam 2021.Also, there will be relaxation in minimum eligibility for applying to GATE 2021 due to Covid-19 situation. As per the announcement, candidates in their third year of undergraduate degree will be eligible for GATE 2021.Year and Organizing Institute[edit]Each year's GATE is organised by any one of 8 institutes: IISc and 7 IITs. The overall co-ordination and responsibility of conducting GATE lies with this institute, which is designated as the Organizing Institute (OI) for GATE of that year. GATE coaching institutes often make speculations regarding the topics to focus upon depending upon the institute that is the OI of that year.[citation needed]InstituteGATE editions organizedIndian Institute of Science1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, 2008, 2016.Indian Institute of Technology, Madras1985, 1991, 1997, 2003, 2011, 2019.Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, 2012, 2020.Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay1987, 1993, 1999, 2005, 2013,2021.Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur1988, 1994, 2000, 2006, 2014.Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur1989, 1995, 2001, 2007, 2015.Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee2009, 2017.Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati2010, 2018.See also[edit]Examinations[edit]Fundamentals of Engineering Examination (FE exam)Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination (PE exam)Graduate Record Examination (GRE)Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT)Common Admission Test (CAT)Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)International English Language Testing System (IELTS)All India Engineering/Architecture Entrance Examination (AIEEE)Joint Entrance Examination (JEE)Institutes[edit]Indian Institute of ScienceIndian Institutes of TechnologyNational Institutes of TechnologyIndian Institutes of Information Technology