Unconverted Lead Script: Fill & Download for Free

The Soul is Eternal it never dies.If you were hoping for a matchbox size reply you’re going to be disappointed but I do promise to be considerably shorter than a Sundy Church Sermon.As of March 14 2018 I can remember being a ‘previous version’ of myself; I was a lad who grew up in Maryhill NW Glasgow (a shock all by itself - not that I was a boy but that I grew up in Maryhill, lol!) & I remember so much I could write a book or a film script from my Multiple Past Life memories; I may yet do that.Recently I was watching a Youtube video & saw a young man from Canada who looks extraordinarily like “us”. I’d never seen him before in my life but noticed immediately his extreme similarity of facial features to our family, his work habits and health vulnerabilities convinced me on the spot that he was descendant from someone in the Scottish half of my family tree. I also said, without having yet seen, met, or heard of his Dad that the man’s name was DON and he’d “likely wear a flat golf cap”. He then appeared with his elderly Dad in a video! and guess what. Dad was called DON and did wear a flat golf style cap. What are the odds. Well, something in me identified the younger man and who his Dad was but I didn’t know why that happened, until yesterday when I realised why it was that Ive always asked my own Dad (who’s now 85, a very similar age to Canadian Don) - “Who/where is Uncle Donnie”? My father always denied there being an Uncle Donnie in the family but I’ve been sure for a long time that his belief was mistaken.So how did I alone know Don Archbold???I realised yesterday that “Uncle Donnie” wasn’t from THIS Lifetime, but from the life lived in Maryhill regarding which I believe I’ve traced my Family Tree connectivity through - one of my This Life Dad’s Aunts ie. 2 family lines & members are interconnected. I’m Double Taylor Descendant. I am Dad’s daughter but I was previously born very close to when he was born and apparently I was the son/grandson of one of my Grand Aunts, making me - my own father’s Cousin or Second Cousin. And also his Daughter : )NB. This is exactly what’s depicted in the mini documentary in the middle of Cameron Mcauley’s film which shows Gus Taylor telling his parents of being his own Grandfather *and of having a sister nobody else knew about* - The Aunt was apparently murdered and her body thrown into a Bay, “some bad guys” explains Gus. It seems Ive discovered something potentially very similar in our branch of the Taylor Family, a Relative remembered by someone who was descendant at two levels of the same Family Tree ; The Robertson link seems likely to be from the GrandAunt who had a boyfriend whose surname was Robertson (whom she apparently lost during WW1) The name on our door in Maryhill in 1945 was Robertson. The Archbold name comes from the husband of one of the latterly cohabiting sisters.Suddenly - it’s not such a surprise given who I suspect may have been my GrandAunt’s Wartime boyfriend, that the Director of the Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society is Stuart Robertson; the name on the neighbour’s door was Rennie and I’m also IP Geolocated to another address in Scotland also owned by other Rennies; If the link goes back to Olympic Steeplechaser Archie? Robertson and the Robertson Marmalade/Jam-makers then it’s perhaps also not surprising the Chair of the British Olympic Association is Sir Hugh Robertson who looks rather like my Dad did when he was young.All of a sudden, with this encyclopaedic knowledge evolving inside my head inc. that one of the Grand Aunts may have dated a Robertson Jam Maker whilst her sister worked for rivals CHIVERS, which I find quite funny, I suddenly remembered the man in a black leather jacket & flat cap standing at our front door. Tada!….Uncle Donnie. aka Don. He’d be my Uncle and close to my age if the son of a younger Grandaunt sister;He emigrated and I believe that was THE DAY when he came to our house. Another man was with him at the time. I think it was his brother. I believe they showed up after our Dad died whom I believe might have been - well - I’m fairly sure he was Constable James Ronald Robertson who was handed the Death Penalty and executed in Dec 1950 after deliberations that took all of an hour with no DNA tests possible to ‘prove/disprove guilt’ in those days. I strongly suspect he wasn’t guilty of murder, and died protecting someone.THIS theorised double line of descent would explain why the Canadian man is so incredibly like us; Our family having 8 Doctors, what’s he driving?An unconverted saloon Ambulance : )The Family Tree links Im discovering without the aid of Ancestry .com or DNA kits are linking not just several known sets of previously unrelated unconnected people together they’re also linking me to Clydebank Resident “Barra Boy” Cameron Macauley and Englishwoman Jenny Cockell who remembers her life as Mary Sutton in Malahide NE Ireland, just 7 miles from which I have an IP marker like the one that led me to the G20 address. She asserts in a Youtube Interview that “nobody remembers anything useful from Past Life Recall”. Speak for yourself Jenny, I remember where I hid things in the garden and put something into an outbuilding on Barra, and where a hidden Safe is!, in fact connections are arising linking me to an event that took place in the heyday of Charles Rennie Mackintosh. I’m fairly confident that the things I can remember happening and being said will lead to the re-discovery or reclamation of not just some amazing Lost Art, but to the uncovering of how & why it “went missing” in the first place.Like Jenny Cockell, I also remember fragments and details of events from multiple long ago distant lives, in fact I first found a huge image of an OWL (or 2) set out in large riverbed cobblestones which exists today relatively undisturbed under the depth of the plough in a field adjacent to the one in which they found the Staffordshire Hoard, and then, when I was wondering how & why I’d found such an amazing thing by processing satellite imagery the right way I suddenly remembered - it was us who put them there.My sister? and I were bored one day when grown-ups were away working so we gathered rocks & created an image of owls around us (only visible from the sky) and approx 1500yrs later from the time when we lived in the field [I think this was prob. in the latter years of the Roman Occupation of Britain] I discovered the famous Antiques Roadshow Ozzie the Owl has stones around his eyes and looks exactly like our field owls. Ha! WE designed the original Staffordshire Pottery Owls. This is also why I know that Archeologists missed a fortified boundary wall and a sluice channel running N-S on the West side of the field in which they found gold. I remember us collectively discussing & constructing a channel which goes N-S then turns 90 Deg East at which point I can see from my 3D images (no GPR required) that there is a large smooth bodied obstruction just where it turns the corner.YOUR SOUL IS ETERNAL. The Essence of you & your Past Incarnation Memories are accessible if you have the key, a reason to unlock them, or if (as I suspect is true) someone actively helps you to remember.

How will the countries of the world respond to China becoming a superpower?Why China? And why Superpower?This will be a long article but suitable for those with an open mind and a sense of patience and willingness to learn about a country which will have some economic influence on the world in the coming decades. Rather than being afraid of China, it is more important to understand China. Rather than having an image of an ogre of a nation as painted by censored MSM with coloured lenses, it is perhaps better to visualise China to be something like Yoda of Star Wars, an elderly, wise, slow and deliberative entity but yet nifty and resourceful.A powerful nation is supposed to have some seven dimensions of a state which include geography, population, economy, resources, military, diplomacy and national identity. The USA has many factors in its favour currently and could well continue to be so for a good many decades to come provided it corrects some of present foibles. But then as contributor Michael Green has stated, in terms of economy, the Euro Union is also quite a heavy weight and China is starting to catch up. However in geopolitical terms, there are changes already in motion which is subtly changing the power balances between state actors. The traditional dominance of states as the focus of political authority is declining with the impact of globalization on the international system. Nowadays any state is not only unable to decide the exchange rate of its own currency in terms of economic power since the Bretton Woods closure but also unable to declare war as easily as previously in terms of political power unlike those days of gunboat diplomacy and it is directly or indirectly shaping the domestic politics, economic policies, and foreign relations of virtually every country.World affairs.We are probably at a point now where the trend is towards a multipolar world as described by authors such as Fareed Zakaria, Lee KwanYew and Kishore Mahbubani. Objectively, Europe is no longer dependent on the United States for any real security or defence needs and theoretically speaking, should really start to establish their primacy over the European Rim which has led neo-conservative advocates to be so critical of France's avowed goal of creating a multi-polar world, attributing it to France's superpower "envy." Viewed at the level of its key strategic relationships with Europe, Russia, China and Japan, the United States in each case needs them (EU) to achieve its foreign policy goals. Partly because the U.S. market will become less important to them — and in part because the United States' growing dependence on foreign capital will increase its international debt burden. Another factor is because of America’s military adventurism in the Middle East and Africa which has caused refugee exodus into Europe and its willingness to use the international banking system to further its own demands.China has neutralized U.S. power in a number of ways: by modernizing its nuclear and naval forces and by adopting a good neighbour policy in East Asia because even within ASEAN, there has not been any impediment to free trade flow across the South China Sea in spite of all the MSM press about China taking over control of some atolls. It has also done so by stepping up its diplomacy toward the resolution of the North Korea crisis and by becoming one of the largest suppliers of consumer goods to the United States and one of its biggest creditors. China has also become an increasing destination for Japanese goods and capital, including for Japanese companies relocating production abroad and also its largest trading partner at US $ 144 billion. And China has taken the lead in establishing a free trade zone with the countries of Southeast Asia. This has reduced Japan's trade dependence on the United States and another reason why Japan has joined the BRI in June 2017.China.To fully understand China and for other countries to know how to respond to its growing presence in the world, one needs to try and appreciate its history. And I will try and illustrate it with thoughts from one of my economics teachers, Mr Tan TengBoo and other sources. People know that China has a long history but quite apart from its continuously recorded annals, many do not recognise the progression of this civilisation from its ancient source to its present form, via its trials and tribulations and its achievements as well. Rather like how a great river starts from a tiny source up in the plateau which is the Tibetan Highlands. It has been a process of evolution, reformation and dramatically also of revolution.The three dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou already cover a total of 1,879 years, almost two millennia and a time when China had to undergo the Spring and Autumn period and the history of the Warring States, from which so many philosophies sprang which is often labelled as the ‘Hundred Schools of Thought’; a period when China’s intellectual tradition also flourished. Thinkers like Lao Zi, Kong Zi, Meng Zi, Xun Zi, Zhuang Zi, Han Fei Zi, Mo Zi and others; who would shape the character and thought of Chinese civilisation through Taoism, Confucianism and Legalism for the next two millennia and more. China’s feudal system came into being during the Zhou Dynasty, covering a landscape which was across the whole Yellow River plain, a very vast area from the Eastern sea board to around Szechuan.The first publication of written law in China was around 536 BCE and the Canon of Law was forged in 407 BCE, so legalism already existed in China for a very lengthy period. Legalists could be divided into three types. The first was concerned with shi 势, or the investment of the position of ruler with power (rather than the person) and the necessity of obtaining facts to rule well. The second was concerned with fa 法, or laws, regulations, and standards. This meant all were equal under the ruler, and the state was run by law, not a ruler. The third was the concept of shu 术, or tactics to keep the state safe. Legalism was generally in competition with Confucianism, which advocated a just and reciprocal relationship between the state and its subjects. Joseph Needham wrote “It is not that China had no law, no legislation but in fact, if you look at history, China had a greater corpus of legislation than the Western world”.The other philosophy such as Mohism also had important influence on Chinese culture. The most well-known concept under Mohism was “impartial care,” also known as “universal love.” This meant that people should care equally about other people, regardless of their true relationship to that person. This opposed the ideas of Confucianism, which said that love should be greater for close relationships. Mohism also stressed the ideas of self-restraint, reflection and authenticity, that all people should be equal in their material benefit and in their protection from harm. Society could be improved by having it function like an organism, with a uniform moral compass. Those who were qualified should receive jobs, and thus the ruler would be surrounded by people of talent and skill. An unrighteous ruler would result in seven disasters for the state, including neglect of military defence, repression, illusions about strength, distrust, famine, and more.When Qin Shi Huang Di united China in 221 BCE, he actually set in motion the modernisation of ancient China by standardising the written script of all the states under the supervision of a statesman called Li Si. It provided the cultural unity of China by standardising other things such as currency, weights, measurements and even the axle length of wagons and chariots. The environment was now ripe for growth and development in China to accelerate under the Han Dynasty, where technology, arts, institutions and economic progress under a mantle of Confucianism flourished. And the civil service became established under a system of scholarship. Long before any such system existed in other governments around the world, a state system of excellence in scholastic pursuit was present in the Han Dynasty and universities and colleges were established. Even during the Warring States period in 256 BCE excellent engineering principles were applied in the construction of the Dujiangyan Irrigation system in Szechuan under the Qin, a centuries old unique system still in use until today using the geomorphology and topology of the land by building embankments for water diversion without dams. During the Eastern Han Dynasty Hangzhou’s famous West Lake was built by Hua Xin (25 to 220 CE), a tourist attraction then and now.The success of China’s education system over more than 2000 years ago can be seen from the expansion in the number of TaiXue students: Emperor Wu (124 BCE) had 50 students. By Emperor Zhao’s time (87 to 74 BCE) it had risen to 100 students. By the end of Western Han (8 BCE) it had increased to 10,000 students and by Emperor Shun (126 CE) the enrolment had surged to 30,000 students. This system served to get talented scholars to be selected to help administer the country. Candidates were tested on Confucian classics and underlying philosophy of managing the country. Other schools taught astronomy, mathematics, law as well as philosophy including moral guidance and human rights concepts. Han Dynasty actually had progress in medicine and astronomy and geography and the early seismograph by Zhang Heng was invented in 132 CE in Luoyang. A Han Dynasty eunuch named Cai Lun invented paper making process in 105 CE, the widespread adoption of which enabled literature and literacy to flourish. Paper making spread to Korea, Vietnam and Japan in the centuries that followed but it was not until some Chinese paper makers were captured by Arabs in the Battle of Talas River in 751 CE that the technique spread to the west and revolutionise the Scholastic Age of Europe later on.The Nine Chapters in the Mathematical Art, a mathematics masterpiece was a textbook in the Tang and Song dynasties, and it had systems of linear equations in Chapter 8 equivalent to Gaussian Elimination described in the 19th century. Such things as solution of an indeterminate system of linear equations with 5 equations and 6 unknowns. So the Chinese do take scholarship quite seriously. Hua Tuo, a legendary figure in the Three Kingdoms period for example already used cannabis in his ‘Ma Fei San’ together with alcohol and other herbs to induce analgesia and anaesthesia before surgery, long before ether was used by William Morton in 1846. Market economy emerged during Han Dynasty giving birth to reforms and fiscal and monetary policies, and the infrastructure which accompanied it. The Silk Road was established with envoy Zhang Qian in 119 BCE who went to the Central Asian states for the second time, a conduit for culture, technology and even Buddhism and Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Islam. Diplomat Zhang Qian's travels from 139 to 125 BC had established Chinese contacts with many surrounding civilizations in Central Asia. Zhang encountered Dayuan (Fergana), Kangju (Sogdiana), and Daxia (Bactria, formerly the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom); and he also gathered information on Shendu (Indus River valley of North India) and Anxi (the Parthian Empire). All of these countries eventually received Han embassies.So China some two millennia ago was already modern, open, inclusive and adaptive and multi-dimensional. By the Tang dynasty, great economic prosperity advanced Chinese art and literature and even influenced Japan ( Kyoto is patterned on Xi’an), Korea, Persia and Afghanistan. By this time and in the later Song Dynasty, the Civil Service Examination System ( keju 科举 ) was properly developed, giving the common people an avenue to serve based on meritocracy and able to climb up the social ladder. Music, architecture, fashion, plays, leisure activities started to bloom with industry and commerce, and public libraries kept encyclopedias and books. Yangzhou on the Grand Canal developed shipbuilding, textiles, leather industry and iron and bronze metallurgy and beautiful mansions for salt merchants. Guangzhou had foreign merchants trading at its port, and Chengdu had silkworm fairs. Safe deposit firms developed credit and banking services and ‘feiqian- flying cash - 飞钱’ was issued by state agencies.Progress in inventions include the Chinese Buddhist monk Yixing who invented the mechanical clock. Gas cylinders, air conditioners of the period, waterproofing, fireproofing, agriculture machines for planting, irrigation, harvesting were invented. Even diabetes and thyroid disease were described. Such that in the Song dynasty widespread urbanisation was a characteristic and the population was already 100 million by 1100 CE. Wang Anshi, an incredibly talented minister introduced now labelled ‘Shimomuran’ Economic principles to Song China by breaking up monopolies, by creation of credit services, meritocracy in the civil service, improving the Universities, building hospitals, stamping on corruption and advocating enlightened government including pensions for the old, and promoting trade guilds for different industries. With the result that coal and copper mining, iron metallurgy, alum making, salt industries, shipbuilding, printing and porcelain and tea and silk industry developed vigorously. Iron and steel production in the 11th century was an amazing 125,000 tonnes. The formula for gunpowder from the Wujing Zongyao 武经总要manuscript was compiled in 1044CE. In short, there was already a kind of modern society during the Song dynasty! In contrast to how Europe and Britain achieved their growth and development by colonising innocent countries, the Song Dynasty did not use force on other countries far afield.When the Ming Dynasty came along, considering that the Yuan dynasty was quite destructive towards their Han population, it did not take long for the Ming Dynasty (1368 to 1644 CE) to rise up, prosper and take to the oceans in their vast armada shortly after when the Yongle Emperor sent Zheng Ho on seven far-flung diplomatic voyages between 1405 & 1433 CE. What was even more impressive about these voyages was that they were done with hundreds of huge ships and tens of thousands of sailors and soldiers and craftsmen. Over sixty of the three hundred seventeen ships on the first voyage were enormous "Treasure Ships," sailing vessels over 400 hundred feet long, 160 feet wide, with several stories, nine masts and twelve sails, and luxurious staterooms complete with balconies and had water-tight chambers to reduce the chance of sinking. The likes of these ships had never before been seen in the world in that age. But they didn’t colonise other nations.There are many things in Europe that was influenced by China in the past centuries such as the practice of growing crops in rows and periodic weeding which started in China in 6th Century BCE, and Jethro Tull in 1731 promoted this in Europe. Trace Horse harnesses in China was developed around 400-201BCE and introduced to Europe by 700 CE. Winnowing grain using rotary winnowing fan discovered in China around 200 to 101 BCE was exported to Europe between 1700 to 1720 CE when the Swedes in Gothenburg adapted the design to European grain sizes. The wheelbarrow invented in South-Western China in the 1st Century BCE by Ko Yu was a veritable blessing especially on difficult terrain and was introduced to Europe in the 11th and 12th century. Even a toy found in the 4th century CE called the bamboo dragonfly was a helicopter top and Sir George Cayley, the father of modern aeronautics, studied this helicopter top in 1809. France and Britain established their civil service in the 18th century. Thomas Taylor Meadows who was in China published ‘Desultory Notes on the Government and People of China’ and urged the institution of Public Service Examinations for British subjects for the British Empire. A similar system in America followed in 1868CE when it was recommended by Thomas A Jenkes of Rhode Island to Congress. Even the art of bonsai in japan was inspired by the Chinese practice of ‘pun-sai’ dwarf trees in containers common in 7th Century CE.China is complex with multiple dimensions to its civilisation. Western journalists often carelessly attribute the name “China” as “Middle Kingdom” with a chauvinistic bent when in fact all it means is “Zhongguo” refers to the ‘Central States’ in Chinese history. During Zhou Dynasty era for example, no one polity out of dozens (some states even as large as modern European nations) ever succeeded in conquering all its neighbours. How many countries has ever had as many capitals as China has had? And China has the longest land border of any country (22,117km) with international borders to 14 sovereign states and if you included Hong Kong and Macau, 16 up till 1997. Yet within a span of some 4000 to 5000 years, how many of its neighbours has it invaded compared to some other more modern states? How many faraway nations has it conquered? If you wish to compare, perhaps it is good to read this. The US Has Invaded 70 Nations Since 1776 written by an Australian lecturer. And a Great Wall was built for what purpose? To defend itself against rampaging neighbours! Why would they do it when they had advanced technologies, and a vast population and good military strategists. Because they knew the suffering that war brings. Even their martial arts philosophy emphasises self-defence and improving one’s health, not aggression but to uphold justice and truth and integrity.To be sure, there are some important differences between the Western and the Eastern traditions in culture and attitude. The Chinese for example eat around round tables, sharing food in a central distribution whilst the West prefer to use square or rectangular tables and eat from their own individual plates. Roads in the west tend to be named after individuals whereas those in the east tend not to be so and even the banks are hardly ever named after individuals. To a certain extent, Western society is all about the singular individual self against the world, whilst the Eastern emphasis is generally about sharing and the collective good, about we, not I. For the Chinese people in general, democratic common wealth is the aim, not the Commonwealth which returns most of the wealth to the aristocratic one percent.Socialism.We can exemplify this communist and socialist spirit by describing the founding fathers of modern China, the most well-known being Mao Zidong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De because when they died in 1976, none of them had a house, a farm or a factory or business establishment. And what did they do with their bank accounts? Zhu De had 20,000 Yuan when he died and he donated the lot to the Communist Party, and did not leave it to his wife or grandchild! Zhou Enlai did not even have a bank account but he had wage credit from the party bureaucracy from his pay of some 5709.80 Yuan which the party gave to his widow Deng Yingchau, who in turn donated it to the party eventually when she died in 1992 with her own savings both totalling 11146.95 Yuan. Mao had even less money. He had only 500 Yuan in his bank account when he died. So we can see how all these pioneers of modern China had real socialism in their bones. There was this young lady who exclaimed that Zhou Enlai was responsible for great corruption in China in a comment in Facebook some years ago, and I gave her a bit of a dressing down lesson in history because what you read in the media is not necessarily the truth.So where is China now?To understand China of today, you have to study again its history of the past hundred years when it threw off the yoke of feudalism starting with the Republican Revolution of 1911, the founding of the Communist Party in 1921, the Civil War ending in 1949 with the setting up of the People’s Republic of China; wherein it lay the foundation for the emergence of ‘Advanced China’. This entity will have elements of the past together with ingredients from the future and an economy which combines socialism with Chinese characteristics, drawing on a continuous tradition of Chinese civilisation and inherent creativity whilst incorporating modern science and technology and building upon learning from a pragmatic and open viewpoint. Such as in banking.Traditional Chinese culture retains a powerful hold on China today. Confucian emphasis on the duty of the state to provide for a harmonious and orderly society, on the interests of the collective over the individual, and on “rule of men” over “rule of law” imbue the values and structures of Chinese political economic institutions, including banks. This cultural context in which Chinese banks are embedded contrasts sharply with the American cultural context in which American market capitalist banks are embedded. China’s search for the right combination of modern methods and traditional cultural essence to return “wealth and power” to the country has influenced the development of China’s banking system to become what it is today.The next few years will test the resilience of the post-transformation Chinese banking system. Banks must cope with the transition to the “New Normal” and decelerating growth as the economy moves to a more balanced and sustainable model. This will cause a rise in NPLs, but as long as government policy eases the economy into a “soft landing,” NPLs will not rise to crisis levels. The transformation has succeeded in producing a banking system that is stable, that is reasonably efficient, and that provides broad financial access. The challenge for the West will be to understand China’s banking system on its own terms, not through a “Western lens.” The banking system is a microcosm of China’s political economy as a whole, so understanding of how it works will assist in understanding how China’s economic and political systems work successfully. Understanding requires dropping a doctrinaire Western analytical framework.China's Banking Transformation: The Untold Story James Stent.What about the economy.Over the last 20 years the People's Republic of China has increased its output of goods and services faster than any other country on this planet. The rate of growth of output of goods and services (the productivity of the economy, if you like) [for China] in 2005 was 11%. In 2017 it was 15%. In 2010 it was 12% and it has slowed down since then. Over the last year it was a mere 6.4%. If you wanted to average it out it was probably in the neighbourhood of 10-11% over the last 10, 15, 20 years. By comparison, let me give you the numbers for the United States of America. Its average growth rate in the 1950s and 60s was 4%. In the 70s and 80s it fell to 3% and in the last 10 years it has averaged 2%. In the latest year it was 3.2%; half of what it was in China, but for most of the last 20 years the rate of growth of China has been 2 to 3 to 4 times that of the United States. It explains why we're reading and hearing so much about China; because they have become the second most important economy in the world by achieving these extraordinary rates of economic growth. It will help you understand something else about the people of China: they are not about to be pushed around, neither by Mr. Trump nor anybody else because they have the economic strength to resist. If you're the government of the People's Republic of China (and that is a government in which the Communist Party of China is dominant) you are hardly about to change the way you organize your economy given how well it has been doing.Over the last 40 to 45 years Americans who have worked harder than ever, who have been more productive than they ever were across that time, have not shared in their greater productivity. Their real income, their real wages have not gone up. The real hourly wage in the United States is lower today than it was in 1973 and that is something to think about. Over the same period of time, the last 20-25 years, real wages in the People's Republic of China have quadrupled. The basket of goods and services that an average worker gets in China for an average hour of his or her work is four times greater today than it was 25 years ago. Yes, Chinese wages remain below the average in the United States because they were and they still are a poor country when you divide their total economy by the enormous number of people that live in that country. But if you want to understand why the people of China support their government here's a clue: their real wages went up four times over the last 25 years in a society led by a government in which the Communist Party is the dominant political force. This is not about whether you like these numbers or don't, this is not about whether you're critical of many aspects of Chinese society or you're not. This is socialism in action.Economic Update: China's Economic Record & StrategyAnd what about the leadersThe simple facts of Mao’s career seem incredible: in a vast land of 400 million people, at age 28, with a dozen others, to found a party and in the next fifty years to win power, organize, and remould the people and reshape the land–history records no greater achievement. Alexander, Caesar, Charlemagne, all the kings of Europe, Napoleon, Bismarck, Lenin–no predecessor can equal Mao Tse-tung’s scope of accomplishment, for no other country was ever so ancient and so big as China. Indeed Mao’s achievement is almost beyond our comprehension. – John King Fairbank, The United States and China. The Mao Era saw an immense advance for ordinary people. Nearly four decades of semi-Westernised stagnation and warlord infighting after the 1911/12 Revolution ended, and the economy tripled during Mao’s quarter-century. The population also doubled, so there was not an enormous advance in individual consumption but one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. “When he stepped down in 1974 the invaders, bandits and warlords were gone, the population had doubled, literacy was 84 percent, wealth disparity had disappeared, electricity reached poor areas, infrastructure was restored, the economy had grown 500 percent, drug addiction was a memory, women were liberated, girls were educated, crime was rare, everyone had food and shelter, life expectancy was sixty-seven and, by several key social and demographic indicators, China compared favourably with middle income countries whose per capita GDP was five times greater.” Mao ReconsideredClaims for tens of millions of deaths ‘caused by Mao’ are based on a statistical trick. The worst of the ‘Three Bad Years’ saw a death rate of maybe 25 per thousand, which was an entirely normal death-rate in poor Asian countries in the 1950s. In a population of 600 million, that would be 15 million per year, while getting the rate down to 10 per thousand would be 9 million lives saved per year. China by a series of radical changes did get the death rate that low, and lower. But if you ignore the success in getting the rate down way below the poor-country norm and just measure the difference between twenty-three years of dramatic progress and three years of setback, you can give the appearance of mass murder.About Mao and ChinaDespite a brutal U.S. blockade on food, finance and technology, and without incurring debt, Mao grew China’s economy by an average of 7.3 percent annually, compared to America’s postwar boom years’ 3.7 percent. When he died, China was manufacturing jet planes, heavy tractors, ocean-going ships, nuclear weapons and long-range ballistic missiles. As economist Y. Y. Kueh observed: “This sharp rise in industry’s share of China’s national income is a rare historical phenomenon. For example, during the first four or five decades of their drive to modern industrialization, the industrial share rose by only 11 percent in Britain (1801-41) and 22 percent in Japan”.doubled China’s population from 542 million to 956 milliondoubled life expectancydoubled caloric intakequintupled GDPquadrupled literacyincreased grain production three hundred percentincreased gross industrial output forty-foldincreased heavy industry ninety-fold.increased rail lineage 266 percentincreased passenger train traffic from 102,970,000 passengers to 814,910,000.increased rail freight tonnage two thousand percentincreased the road network one thousand percent.increased steel production from zero to thirty-five MMT/yearIncreased industry’s contribution to China’s net material product from twenty-three percent to fifty-four percent.Post-Mao China is a hybrid – Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. It has retained public ownership of all agricultural land ever since the civil war over a vast class of small landlords who were exploiters of the people who actually worked the land; has kept its currency largely unconvertible for much of its economic ascent, retains a vast state sector of SOEs for the public good and keeps the larger private enterprises under strong political control. In the 1930s, Keynes' fundamental conclusion was that investment played the determining role in the economy and a somewhat comprehensive socialization of investment will prove the only means of securing an approximation to full employment. Keynes envisaged an economy in which a private sector existed but in which the state sector was sufficiently dominant to set overall investment levels. His incisive analysis was never implemented in the society he lived in simply because the capitalists deemed that it was ‘ultra vires’ for the government to decide on the most basic investment decisions rather than private capitalists in a capitalist society. But China under the pragmatic Deng did not labour under such false assumptions, having remembered lessons from the past. His dictum: "It doesn't matter whether a cat is black or white, as long as it catches mice." – it just means as long as the economy works, it is a good economy and he implemented the best ideas from both the East and the West. Perhaps it is time for ‘closed-minded’ Western leaders to discard their “I am holier than thou” attitude and hubris and find that they can learn from both Eastern and Western traditions.Deng Xiaoping said: “Planning and market forces are not the essential difference between socialism and capitalism. A planned economy is not the definition of socialism, because there is planning under capitalism; the market economy happens under socialism too. Planning and market forces are both ways of controlling economic activity.” “We must firmly grasp management. Just making things isn’t enough. We need to raise the quality.”Deng Xiaoping's own post-1978 formulation is almost word for word Marx's: "A Communist society is one in which… there is great material abundance, and the principle of from each according to their ability, to each according to his needs, is applied. It is impossible to apply that principle without overwhelming material wealth. But in the present period in China, before the accumulation of such wealth, the principle was to each according to their labor/work: ‘We must adhere to this socialist principle which calls for distribution according to the quantity and quality of an individual's work." Deng's fundamental characterization was: "China is in the primary stage of socialism. Socialism itself is the first stage of communism, and here in China we are still in the primary stage of socialism – that is, the underdeveloped stage. In everything we do we must proceed from this reality, and all planning must be consistent with it." As the Wall Street Journal summarized: "Most economies can pull two levers to bolster growth – fiscal and monetary. China has a third option … accelerate the flow of investment projects." An economic structure envisaged only in theory by Keynes was realized in practice by Deng Xiaoping.Deng Xiaoping's economic structure simultaneously solved the problem of diverting resources from heavy industry and creating an abundant supply of consumer products. As the state owned heavy industry, prices in this sector could be controlled, while simultaneously those in agriculture and light consumer industry were liberalized. Relative prices therefore rose in agriculture and consumer industries, resources flowed into these sectors and their output soared. Simultaneously the urban population was protected against initial negative pressures on living standards by these price rises by subsidies financed by reducing China's armaments expenditure. The extraordinarily rapid growth this structure produced created large scale savings which, in a virtuous circle, could then finance the building of heavy industry on a new basis. Simultaneously with reintroducing small scale "non-socialized" production, China's economy pursued international "opening up," allowing it to participate in the largest scale production of all – for the global market. Therefore, far from Deng Xiaoping's economic policies being purely pragmatic, they flowed in an integrated fashion from underlying theoretical principles through to the solving of eminently practical issues. It was this which produced by far the greatest economic growth and social advancement seen in any country in world history. This integrated character of Deng Xiaoping's economic system also explains why any diversion from it necessarily leads to economic problems. Any return to an administered economy leads to inability to take advantage of small-scale production and to integrate with, and take advantage of, a world economic market. Any system in which private enterprise is dominant loses the ability of the state to set the investment level, and thereby recreates the crises which both Keynes and Deng Xiaoping had successfully solved how to tackle. In short, no other figure in history has ever combined such deep economic thinking with such practically successful economic policy as Deng Xiaoping.Deng Xiaoping - the world's greatest economistXi JinpingThroughout the 1980s and 1990s, Chinese complained endlessly about arbitrary payments and profiteering;, and Xi realises that the biggest threat to China is within the Party’s corrupt leadership, hence he has waged a ruthless war on corruption, punishing more than a million corrupt officials at all levels. "We must do what we must, and punish those who deserve it. If we didn't dare offend hundreds of thousands of corrupt officials, we would have offended 1.3 billion people.” Xi Jinping. Xi’s new “Cultural Revolution” is a mixture of Mao and Deng. It emphasizes moral character and observers think that his anti-corruption campaign will continue and he will try to institutionalise and entrench this movement, so that it becomes a habit of the Chinese people to be abhorrent of corrupt practices, much like what LKY in Singapore did.Too much corruption would cause the whole system to collapse. Too little corruption or rather the lack of incentives would make people reluctant to do things quickly. So you have to master the art of balancing corruption, risk, incentive and efficiency as a top leader.Xi put a priority on ending poverty to boost stability and great progress has been made. In 1956, per capita disposable income was a measly RMB 98 with per capita consumption at RMB 88, but 70 years since 1949 it is now RMB 28,228 and RMB 19,583 respectively. At the end of 1978, China had a poverty rate especially in rural areas of some 97.5% with some 770 million in toto, but now as at end 2018, the remaining population in poverty is 16.6 million, with a poverty rate of 1.7%, and some 60% of the population is in urban areas, filling up all those supposedly ghost cities without any urban slums. Xi’s development agenda places emphasis on high quality rather than high speed growth, and this means a better environment, less corruption, sustainable economic growth, poverty reduction, better income and wealth distribution and ultimately reforms as well.When I was in Beijing in 1989, it was a city of bicycles but now China is the world’s largest automobile market with sales of 28 million per annum. In 1949, highways were only 81,000 km but by 2018, it is around 5 million km. The Chinese are great builders, and railways in 1949 was only 22,000 km but now it is 131,000 km including 29,000 km of high speed railway. By air, civil aviation routes was 11,400km in 1950 but multiplied 735X to 8.4 million km by 2018. Broadband network has optical fibre length of 43.6 million km. Other public infrastructure facilities are shown in the table below.So how did China achieve this kind of progress? Did they cheat their way to become the largest trading nation in the world for example by manipulating their currency as some US politicians like to accuse China of doing whenever there is an election coming? Look at the chart below. Lo and behold, the IMF comes right out to declare that China is not the villain in the global trading system, the exact opposite of what Trump likes to tweet. Its current account balance is hardly excessive unlike Japan (around 3.5 to 4% of GDP) and Germany ( 7 to 8%) for example, and its REER (Real Effective Exchange Rate) in relation to all its major trading partners has remained relatively consistent and broadly in line with fundamentals. When it becomes the largest consumer market in the world, imports will rise and the surplus in goods will even fall further. There is only so much shit you can throw around before it hits the fan and falls back on you, something that politicians should bear in mind.So what else does China do?It invests in its most important asset- her people. To Chinese, education is far and above one of the most important in emphasis on attainment for a gentleman. The Six Arts (六 艺) liu yi was already a staple of the Zhou Dynasty as criteria for the perfect gentleman. And teachers in China are the most revered amongst countries of the world, with probably only Finland in the west as a close cousin. The Chinese have a proverb known as 一日為師，終身為父 (yī rì wéi shī, zhōng shēn wèi fù). Literally, these words mean 一日 (yī rì, a day) 為 (wéi, as) 師 (shī, teacher)，終身 (zhōng shēn, a lifetime) 為 (wèi, as) 父 (fù, father). Once a teacher, always respected as a father. A day as a teacher, a lifetime held in esteem as a father.Mathematics development was already well developed some three millennia ago in 11th Century to 2nd Century BCE, such as in Jiuzhang Suanshu, 九章算术 . (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art). “Mathematics teachers in China usually believe in the maxim that mathematics is the gymnastics of thinking”, from the book How do Chinese learn mathematics-Perspectives from insiders—by Zhang Dianzhou, Li Shiqi and Tang Ruifen. The Chinese have five learning virtues 1. Resolve (发奋 ) fa fen- determination, desire to stay the course. 2. Diligence (勤 ) qin - much time spent on learning. 3 . Endurance of hardship (刻 苦 ) ke ku 4. Perseverance (恒心 ) heng xin and 5. Concentration (转心 ) zhuan xin - study with consistent focus.When you begin to understand that Chinese culture, philosophy, education and mathematics are all intertwined and form a sort of matrix, then you can appreciate why the Chinese can excel. The Chinese do not need to steal their way to economic excellence contrary to what Christopher Wray (FBI) says. Chinese have always placed emphasis on performance, from the ordinary street merchant to the emperor. Emperor after emperor in China are often typically well educated in the arts but how many US presidents are there who are well known for being well versed with the arts.To Open Minds: Chinese clues to the dilemma of contemporary education - by Prof Howard Gardner (Harvard Graduate School of Education).Why is it that Asian students are knocking at the doors of prestigious Ivy League Universities when they outperform? Why is it that more and more Western universities such as Cambridge, New York University, University of Sydney and University of New Hampshire for example are recognising gaokao for admission purposes? Why is it that the United States would send researchers to China to find out how to teach mathematics in USA to achieve higher performances? If you listen to politicians and their ilk about China having to steal their way to fortune, it would not make any sense.What makes math instruction in China more effective?By the end of 2018, China has built 518,800 educational institutions, enrolled 276 million students, with 16.73 million full-time teachers. There are 266,700 kindergartens with 2.58 million kindergarten teachers, at an enrolment rate of 81.7% of some 46.56 million children and there are 161,800 primary schools having 18.67 million enrolment, virtually a 99.95% rate. At junior high school level, some 52,000 including 11 vocational schools have 16 million students nationwide, a rate which is above100%. Around 14.24 million children of migrant workers moved to cities with their parents and 10.48 million are in primary schools and 3.76 million in junior high. There are 2,152 special schools with 58,700 teachers and 666,000 students with disabilities in these schools. Senior High Schools number 24,300 with 13.5 million students, at 88.8 % enrolment rate. Next comes Higher Education at 3,755 institutions comprising 2,663 general higher education institutions, 277 adult higher education institutions and 815 postgraduate schools. These schools have 38.33 million students – a rate of 48.1% gross enrolment rate. China has 183,500 private education centres accounting for 35.36% of all institutions. So you can see how China maximises its most important asset—the people of its future.The ABCs of Chinese educationResearch and Development in Science and Technology.There is incredible emphasis in China with great attention paid to Science and Technology, and much financial resources are devoted to it. Over time, it will pay dividends and this is illustrated by facts on the ground. When China re-opened up to the world in the late 1970s, she was a backward country and could only manufacture low tech and low value-added products but today, she has become a leading high-tech country. The World Intellectual Property Organisation reports that China only filed one patent application in 1993, but last year filed 53,345 applications, second only to the USA based filings at 56,142. Shenzhen University and South China University of Technology were even able to surpass Harvard University in 2018 in terms of the number of patent applications.Patents filed under the international Patent Cooperation Treaty. China has made dramatic progress, filing just 10.1 % of the rate of the USA in 2008 and in 10 years, it had closed the gap to 80.9%, an increase of 7.2 times. Chinese patents grew fastest in control systems (61 times); optics (22 times); IT methods of management (20 times); computers (19 times); measurement (15 times); and microstructural and nanotechnology (14 times). Out of 35 total patent categories, the number of U.S. patents filed declined in over half of them (18), such as telecommunications (down 35 percent), surface coatings (down 25 percent), and organic fine chemistry (down 20 percent). In no category did Chinese patents fall; in fact, the slowest rate of growth was 290 percent!Research in astrophysics, nuclear physics, atomic and molecular spectroscopy, solid state physics, new materials, nanotechnology, crystallography, chemistry, biotechnology, information theory , electronic engineering , quantum physics and quantum computing are all vigorously pursued. China spent 1.75 trillion Yuan - USD 280 billion in 2017 on research, some 2.12% of its GDP and on track to reach 2.5 % in 2019, while Chinese enterprises spent 1.37 trillion yuan on R & D in 2017. Some 5.3% of total spending was put into fundamental research and they reported a total of 5.35 million people working in R & D as at end of 2015. China broke into the world's top 20 most-innovative countries (at 17th place) on the Global Innovation Index for the first time last year. The USA still has three times the researcher density of China, so it is still the front runner.Chinese scientists and engineers have chalked up some outstanding achievements since 2011. For instance, Chang’e 3 became the first spacecraft, in December 2013, to land on the Moon since the Soviet Union’s craft in 1976. In January this year, Chang’e 4 clocked up a world first by landing successfully on the dark side of the Moon. China has also made breakthroughs in other areas, such as deep-ground drilling and supercomputing. Its first large passenger aircraft, the ARJ21-700 with a capacity for 95 passengers, was certified by the national Civil Aviation Administration in December 2014. In 2017, a team of physicists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences held a half hour video call with their counterparts in Vienna using quantum encryption, a technology which makes it impossible to hack or overhear communications, using a secure encryption key generated in a quantum device mounted in a Chinese satellite; and the Chinese are researching quantum radar and quantum computing at probably much the same speed as at US institutions.Reality: China can and does innovate.Supercomputers require cutting-edge technology and capabilities to produce and long ago the USA has stopped all supercomputer related exports and restricted technological access to this sector. Ten years ago in 2008, only 12 of the world’s 500 most powerful supercomputers were built in China, while the United States produced 258. And the United States’ dominance was even greater when taking into consideration the advanced processing power of U.S.-made computers. USA maintained a majority of the global top 500 until 2014, when China produced one-third as many supercomputers. Since then, Chinese production has grown dramatically, producing 227 of the world’s top supercomputers, compared with 109 for the United States in November 2018. However, Chinese supercomputers still tend to be less powerful, with only 82 percent as much collective performance capacity as U.S. systems.Information Technology and Innovation foundation.“We have less to fear from China stealing our technology than from Chinese invention of new technology. … Without offering better technology, we can’t hold China back. We may not even be able to delay it. America is in the uncharacteristic position of attempting to use our influence to prevent the rival from doing something that we do not propose to do our self. That’s a strategy [that …] has never succeeded at any time at any place in recorded history. … Now, federal funding of research and development is about half [than] what it was when we [fought] the Soviet Union in the Cold War, and lots of it is fluff like climate change research.” David Paul Goldman at The Heritage Foundation.China has so far managed to avoid Soviet errors, passing on power from one effective leadership team to the next. The Western elite seem to keep hoping that it will go wrong, but China keeps on disappointing them and presently they try to spread fear of China, but China is not in fact a threat to the West. Some leaders in the west are themselves their own worst enemy because they do not even realise that they may be making the wrong assumptions because all that the Chinese truly want from America and the West, be it on trade or non-trade issues is just some respect and trust but instead their political establishment is just spreading anti-Chinese propaganda out of fear that they may have a hard time explaining to their own population why they have not done as much to improve the lot of the average Joe. Perhaps it is time that political leaders in the West come to realise that you cannot use a broad brush to tar about a quarter of humanity as thieves and crooks even as they are trying very hard to improve their lives in this next decade or two, and will they do the same to the Indians when India has developed into a huge economy by 2050 or to the Africans when the Africa Union starts to assert itself on the world stage by 2070 to 2080. World progress need not be a zero sum game.Peace and Respect.Thanks for A2A.