Committee Or Governing Body Historical Commission: Fill & Download for Free

Vietnam and China have very different structures.In Vietnam the ultimate power is in the hands of a “troika”. The President controls the military, the Party General Secretary controls the economy, and the Prime Minister controls the civil bureaucracy. Within the Party, the Central Committee is an extremely powerful body by which consensus is reached within the Party.In China, one person is head of the military, economy, and civil bureaucracy, and the office of President, Party General Secretary, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission is in one person. That person reports to the Politburo Standing Committee which is sort of a board of directors. Neither the Central Committee or the Premier have much real power, and the Premier is basically chief operating officer and quite subordinate to the President and General Secretary.A lot of the differences have to do with historical evolution. Basically, the top leadership of Vietnam ended up being “comrade in arms” because they had just gone through a war together. By contrast, in the 1980’s when China tried to split up power among several people, they ended up fighting each other, so the decision was made in the early 1990’s to consolidate power in one person.One thing about Chinese political discussion is that it’s “out of bounds” to suggest that China should copy a Western liberal democracy. However, it’s okay to argue that China’s system of government is overcentralized and that China should copy Vietnam.

First of all Please understand that it is not a big book in civil service exam preparation standards. Do not start anything with a negative mind set. Laxmikanth’s Polity is a very interesting book to study, if u can arrange the chapters in their Logical order.The reason why Polity looks so dry is because of the perception of the students that it is made up of only articles, articles and articles. And problem with the book is it is not arranged in an interesting order.Skip the first few chapters. U can follow this order in the forms of different blocks which are logically inter-connected. This is how i teach my students.Block one: The BASE1.Salient features of the Indian Constitution2.Preamble to the Constitution3.Union and its territory4.Fundamental rights5.Directive principles of state policy6.Fundamental duties7.Amendment of the constitution8.Basic structure of the constitution.Block two: UNION GOVT1.Emergency provisions1a .President2.Vice-President3.Prime Minister4.Central Council of Ministers6.ParliamentBlock 3: JUDICIARY1.Supreme Court2.High court3.Subordinate CourtsBlock 4: State Government1.Governor2.Chief Minister3.State Council of Ministers4.State legislatureBlock 5:Local Government1.Panchayati raj2.MunicipalitiesBlock 6: Constitutional Bodies1.Election commission2.Union Public service commission3.State Public service Commission4.Finance Commission5.National Commission for SC’s6. National Commission for ST’s7.Special officer for Linguistic minorities8.Comptroller and auditor general of India9.Attorney General of India.10.Advocate General of India.Block 7:Non-Constitutional BodiesBlock 8: System of Government1.Parliamentary system2.Federal System3.Centre-state relations4.Inter-state relations.Block 9: AUXILIARY TOPICS1.Citizenship2.Cabinet committees3.Parliamentary committees4.Parliamentary forums5.Special status of Jammu and Kashmir6.Special provision for some states7.Union territories8.Scheduled and tribal areasBlock 10: Constituional Framework1.Historical Background2.Making of the constitutionTRUST ME.. THIS IS THE BEST WAY TO PREPARE POLITY. ALL THE BEST.Thank you for all your upvotes.

General Resources and most important Different websites,Wikipedia and youtube are very good learning resources on the internet. You should make use of them as often as possible. You must copy the important webpages and links to important videos. I cannot overemphasise the importance of doing so. Google search is also useful in case you face difficulty in understanding. Wikipedia should be used to clarify concepts. For non science students you tube videos are excellent help.Remember that the toppers like Gaurav feel that internet contributed more than 2/3rd of their preparation.Facebook There are excellent groups on facebook where the following material is available in e format posted by your fellow IAS aspirants . Try Sriram or Vajiram IAS groups.Important for those who chose non English medium or face difficulties in reading material in English. If your level of English is very low use Google translator. If you have occasional difficulties then use this free offline dictionary Download WordWeb. Your English reading comprehension will improve dramatically within six months. This will help you to understand the IAS question papers too.Polity-Indian Polity by LaxmikantSriram's notesSupplement with the youtube videos esp series Pradhanmantri.Playlists of Loksabha and Rajyasabha channels, 7 RCR.2nd ARC report- Don’t read entire report, but read those topics only which are in the syllabus.Be very selective while reading it. Only selected and relevant areas should be studied . Revision is very important after each reading. Use it extensively in your answers.Yojana- not only the current issues but also the issues of previous years can be read selectively according to the topics in syllabus.Topic wise3.Indian Constitution—Historical underpinnings, evolution, features,amendments, significant provision & basic structureNEED TO KNOWHistorical underpinnings*Indian Constitution Act 1909, Government of India Act 1935*Cripps mission, Cabinet mission, Mountbatten plan, Indian Independence Act 1947Evolution*Sources from which the Constitution of India was drawn*Constituent Assembly of India, Drafting committee, Adoption of the constitutionFeatures*Details of the chapters, schedules, articles in the constitution*Preamble to the Constitution Significant Provisions*Citizenship, Territory*Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy*Writ Petitions*Schedules in the Constitution G Emergency ProvisionsAmendments*Amendment of the Constitution: Different Methods, Ar-368*Important Amendments—18th, 24th, 42nd, 44th, 52nd, 61st , 73rd,74th, 86th, 91st,97th etcBasic Structure*Basic structure theory—Evolution of the concept through a series of Supreme CourtJudgments as in the Kesavananda Bharati Case, Minerva Mill case etc*Features pointed out by various judges to constitute the basic structure of theconstitutionGOOD TO KNOW*The Preamble and Fundamental Duties by heart*Significant Article numbers such as citizenship, fundamental rights, amendments,election provisions, money bill, finance commission, UPSC etc*To be able to identify which subject falls under which list: Union/State/Concurrent*Special status of Jammu and KashmirGREAT TO KNOW*National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution Report by Justice M.N.Venkatachaliah*Landmark judgements delivered by the Supreme Court in cases pertaining toConstitution of India14. Functions & Responsibilities of the Union & the states, Issues & challengespertaining to the federal structure, evolution of powers and finances upto locallevels and challenges there inNEED TO KNOW*Constitutional division of power between the Centre and the States*Legislature, Executive and Judicial functions – Central Government and StateGovernment*Centre-State Administrative, Legislative and Financial relations*Emergency powers and Residual powers*Provisions relating to Panchayati Raj Institutions and powers bestowed upon them*Financial allocation to PRIs and their functioning*Power to impose taxation and financial resources of PRIs*Finance Commission: constitution, functionsGOOD TO KNOW*Cooperative federalism*Inter-state Council, National Planning Commission, NDC*Role of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India*Panchayat Finance Commission*Social Audit, role of Gram SabhaGREAT TO KNOW*Reports of Sarkaria Commission, Punchhi Commission, Administrative ReformsCommission on Centre State Relations*73rd and 74th Amendment Acts in detail1 5 . Separation of powers between various organs, dispute redressalmechanisms & institutionsNEED TO KNOW*Article 50 of Indian Constitution*Relationship between Legislature, Executive and Judiciary*Independence of judiciary and Judicial review*Right to Information Act 2005*Office of the Chief Information Commissioner and effectivenessGOOD TO KNOW*Judicial activism and Public Interest Litigation*Whistle Blower Protection*Role of Civil Society in grievance redressal*Delegated Legislation*Administrative adjudication, Administrative tribunalGREAT TO KNOW*Theory of Separation of Powers by Montesquieu in Spirit of Laws*Comparison with organs of the state in other countries16.Comparison of Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countriesNEED TO KNOWCompare and contrast constitutions of India with that of notable countries such as USA,UK, France, Switzerland, Japan, Canada, Australia and China*UK: Constitutional Monarchy+ Parliamentary system of government*USA: Liberal Democracy + Presidential form of Government*France: Parliamentary and Presidential system of Government*Switzerland: Plural Executive Devices of Direct democracy*Japan: Parliamentary System of Government*Canada: Constitutional Monarchy + Quasi federal state*Australia: Commonwealth + Federal state*Peoples Republic of China: Single Party System + Democratic CentralismGOOD TO KNOW*Consider the following features of each country while comparing the constitutions:*Type of Government*Type of Election*Powers of the Head of the State*Powers of the Parliament*Separation of Powers*Roles of the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary*Federalism or Centralism*Amendment features*Effectiveness of the working of the Constitution till dateGREAT TO KNOW*Identify and tabulate all the countries with their respective constitutional schemes.However we presume that it would be sufficient to examine in detail, the constitutionalschemes of the aforesaid countries.*Distinctive features of the constitutions of other countries, if any that could be tried oradopted in India: eg- Right to Recall17.Parliament & State legislatures; structure, functioning, conduct of business,powers & privileges and issues arising out of theseNEED TO KNOW*Union Parliament: Constitution*Composition, functions and powers of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha)*Composition, functions and powers of the House of the People (Lok Sabha)*Election to the two houses of the Parliament: territorial constituencies for Lok Sabha andProportional Representation for the Rajya Sabha*Duration and Sessions of both the Houses*Joint Sessions of Parliament*Qualifications/ Disqualifications for membership to Parliament*Powers, privileges, salaries, immunities of the Members*Office of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Chairman of the Rajya Sabha: Powers andDuties*Legislative procedure: Ordinary Bills, Money Bills, Financial Bills, Bills for ConstitutionalAmendment*State Legislatures: Structure, functions and powers*Bicameral and Unicameral State Legislatures*Qualifications/disqualifications, Privileges of the Members to the State Legislature*Comparison between Union and State LegislatureGOOD TO KNOW*Consolidated Fund of India*Contingency Fund of India*Committee on Estimates*Committee on Public Accounts*Other Parliamentary Committees*Governor’s Power of Veto and Ordinance making power as compared to that of thePresident of IndiaGREAT TO KNOW*How to resolve a deadlock between the two houses*Legislative control over Executive*Empowered Group of Ministers*MPLADS scheme*The State Legislature of Jammu & Kashmir*Administration of Union Territories18.Structure, Organization & Functioning of the executive, judiciary, ministries& departments of the government, pressure groups, formal & informalassociations and their role in the polityNEED TO KNOW*The Prime Minister and the Prime Minister’s office: Organisational Set up and theChanging Role of the PMO over the years*Union Cabinet, Council of Ministers, Cabinet Secretariat*Centr*The Prime Minister and the Prime Minister’s office: Organisational Set up and theChanging Role of the PMO over the years*Union Cabinet, Council of Ministers, Cabinet Secretariat*Central Secretariat: Evolution, Composition, Functions, Tenure System, Staffing Scheme,Critical Appraisal*Ministries and Departments: Organization, Functions, Attached subordinate or advisoryOffices*Boards and Commissions in India*Supreme Court – High Courts – Subordinate Courts: Jurisdiction, Composition, FunctionsG Pressure groups in India, Interest groupsGOOD TO KNOW*Ministry of Home, Finance, Defence, External Affairs, Personnel in detail*National Security Council, National Security Advisory Board*N G O’s and their influence in Public Policy formulationGREAT TO KNOW*Collegium system of Judicial Appointment*Composition, functions of the Major Boards and Commissions in India*The Judicial Accountability Bill19. Salient features of the Representation of the People’s ActNEED TO KNOW*Representation of Peoples Act 1950*Representation of Peoples Act 1951*Conduct of Election Rules 1961*Election Commission of India, State Election Commissions and their roleGOOD TO KNOW*Challenges of democracy*Partisan Politics and Coalition GovernmentsGREAT TO KNOW*Important clauses on election rules such as criteria to be recognized as a political party,symbols that could be used for elections etc*Election Reforms: proposed/needed in IndiaAppointment to various constitutional posts, powers, functions &responsibilities of various constitutional bodiesConstitutional Posts*President of India Article- 54 to 65*Vice President of India Article- 66*Governor of the State Article- 158*Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities Article- 350B*Comptroller and Auditor General of India Article- 148*Attorney General of India Article- 76*Advocate General of the State Article- 165Constitutional Bodies*Election Commission Article- 324 G Union Public Service Commission Article- 315*State Public Service Commission Article- 315 to 323 Finance Commission Article- 280*National Commission for Scheduled Castes Article- 338*National Commission for Scheduled Tribes Article-338A21. Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies Statutory Bodies(the number indicates the year in which the act was passed by the Parliamentconstituting the respective body)*Railway Board- 1905*University Grants Commission- 1956*Central Board of Direct Taxes- 1963*Central Board of Excise and Customs- 1963*National Commission for Women- 1992*National Commission for Minorities- 1992*National Human Rights Commission- 1993*State Human Rights Commission- 1993*National Commission for Backward Classes- 1993*National Commission for Safai Karmacharis- 1994*Central Vigilance Commission- 1964 (made statutory in 2003)*Central Information Commission- 2005*State Information Commission- 2005*National Commission for Protection of Child Rights- 2007Regulatory BodiesOf all the regulatory bodies in India, the most important ones are the following (whichhave also been made statutory by an act of Parliament)*Reserve Bank of India- 1934*Forwards Market Commission- 1952*Medical Council of India- 1956*Securities Exchange Board of India- 1992*Telecom Regulatory Authority of India- 1997*Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority- 1999*Competition Commission of India- 2002*Central Electricity regulatory Commission- 2003*Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority- 2003Quasi-judicial Bodies*There are 62 quasi-judicial bodies in India, as of now including*Central Administrative Tribunal*State Administrative Tribunals*Tribunals for Taxation, Land Reforms etcNeither Constitutional nor Statutory Bodies*Planning Commission*National Development CouncilYet to be instituted*LOKPAL, Lokayukta (present in select states)22. Government Policies and Intervention for development in various sectorsand issues arising out of their design and implementationNEED TO KNOW*Public Policy and Decision Making*Constraints in Public Policy Making*Problems in Policy Implementation: Conceptual, Political, Administrative, Lack of Publicinvolvement* R o l e of Administrative, Legislative, Judicial and Civil Society bodies in PolicyImplementationGOOD TO KNOW*The Policy Cycle: Identifying the Underlying Problem, Determining Alternatives for PolicyChoice, Forecasting and Evaluating the Alternatives, Making a Choice, PolicyImplementation, Policy Monitoring, Policy Outcomes, Policy Evaluation, ProblemStructuring*Policy Analysis and its Limitations*Corruption and nepotism at various stages of policy making and implementationGREAT TO KNOW*Planning Commission and National Development Council: their functions and roles inpolicy-making, analysis and implementation*Case studies of certain policy making and implementation issues in India23. Development Process