Section I Introduction 1 Section Ii Executive Summary 3: Fill & Download for Free

My negative opinion about Trump has become more solidified since reading the Mueller report.The Mueller report repeats the following statements three times, obviously to emphasize that questions remain open and more work needs to be done.“…if we had confidence after a thorough investigation of the facts that the President clearly did not commit obstruction of justice , we would so state. … Accordingly, while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him.”Introduction – Volume II, page 2:Conclusion to the Introduction – Volume II, page 8:Conclusion to Volume II – Volume II, page 182:Yet, Barr made no mention of what facts prevented Mueller’s team from exonerating the President. At the end of the Executive Summary – Volume I, page 10; Mueller states.“Accordingly, while this report embodies factual and legal determinations that the Office believes to be accurate and complete to the greatest extent possible, given these identified gaps, the Office cannot rule out the possibility that the unavailable information would shed additional light on (or cast in a new light) the events described in the report.”A general overview of these gaps, from the Executive Summary, included:1. “Some individuals invoked their Fifth Amendment right against compelled self-incrimination and were not, in the Office’s judgment, appropriate candidates for grants of immunity.”2. “The Office limited its pursuit of other witnesses and information-such as information known to attorneys or individuals claiming to be members of the media-in light of internal Department of Justice policies.”3. “Some of the information obtained via court process, moreover, was presumptively covered by legal privilege and was screened from investigators by a filter ( or "taint") team.”4. “Even when individuals testified or agreed to be interviewed, they sometimes provided information that was false or incomplete, leading to some of the false-statements charges…”5. “Further, the Office learned that some of the individuals we interviewed or whose conduct we investigated, including some associated with the Trump Campaign---deleted relevant communications or communicated during the relevant period using applications that feature encryption or that do not provide for long-term retention of data or communications records.”Digging further into item 4 where in Appendix C, Mueller states – “… Beginning in December 2017, this Office sought for more than a year to interview the President,” eventually submitting “written questions to the President on certain Russia-related topics.”Mueller goes on to describe the poor quality of the President’s response – “We received the President's written responses in late November 2018. In December 2018 , we informed counsel of the insufficiency of those responses in several respects. We noted, among other things , that the President stated on more than 30 occasions that he "does not 'recall ' or ' remember ' or have an ' independent recollection"' of information called for by the questions. Other answers were "incomplete or imprecise."Mueller goes on to say that he informed counsel that the written responses –"demonstrate the inadequacy of the written format , as we have had no opportunity to ask follow-up questions that would ensure complete answers and potentially refresh your client's recollection or clarify the extent or nature of his lack of recollection."Mueller again requested an in-person interview , limited to certain topics, advising the President’s counsel that "this is the President 's opportunity to voluntarily provide us with information for us to evaluate in the context of all of the evidence we have gathered."The President declined.Other examples regarding item 4 come fromV. PROSECUTION AND DECLINATION DECISIONS / 4. False Statements and Obstruction of the Investigation / running from pages 191 through 199 in Volume I. In each case the lies involve communications with Russian individuals.i. George Papadopoulos – “Given the seriousness of the lies and omissions and their effect on the FBI's investigation, the Office charged Papadopoulos with making false statements to the FBI, … On October 7, 2017, Papadopoulos pleaded guilty to that charge pursuant to a pleaagreement.”ii. Person #2 was redacted indicating personal privacy and grand jury.iii. Michael Flynn – "Flynn's false statements and omissions impeded and otherwise had a material impact on the ongoing investigation. … Based on the totality of that conduct, the Office decided to charge Flynn with making false statements to the FBI, …pursuant to a plea agreement, Flynn pleaded guilty to that charge and also admitted his false statements to the Department in his FARA filing. …Flynn is awaiting sentencing.”iv. Michael Cohen – “Given the nature of the false statements and the fact that he repeated them during his initial interview with the Office, we charged Cohen with violating Section 1001. On November 29, 2018, Cohen pleaded guilty pursuant to a plea agreement to a single-count information charging him with making false statements in a matter within the jurisdiction of the legislative branch… On December 12, 2018, the judge sentenced Cohen to two months ofimprisonment on the false-statements count, to run concurrently with a 36-month sentenceimposed on the other counts.”v. Person #5 was redacted indicating Harm to Ongoing Matter.Two other persons were redacted indicating Grand Jury.…….Regarding obstruction by the President, the following is taken fromH. The President's Further Efforts to Have the Attorney General Take Overthe Investigation / Overarching Factual Information, page 158“The President's efforts to influence the investigation were mostly unsuccessful, but that is largely because the persons who surrounded the President declined to carry out orders or accede to his requests. Comey did not end the investigation of Flynn, which ultimately resulted in Flynn's prosecution and conviction for lying to the FBI. McGahn did not tell the Acting Attorney General that the Special Counsel must be removed , but was instead prepared to resign over the President's order. Lewandowski and Dearborn did not deliver the President ' s message to Sessions that he should confine the Russia investigation to future election meddling only. And McGahn refused to recede from his recollections about events surrounding the President's direction to have the Special Counsel removed, despite the President's multiple demands that he do so. Consistent with that pattern, the evidence we obtained would not support potential obstruction charges against the President's aides and associates beyond those already filed.In considering the full scope of the conduct we investigated, the President's actions can be divided into two distinct phases reflecting a possible shift in the President's motives. In the first phase , before the President fired Comey, the President had been assured that the FBI had not opened an investigation of him personally. The President deemed it critically important to make public that he was not under investigation, and he included that information in his termination letter to Comey after other efforts to have that information disclosed were unsuccessful. Soon after he fired Comey, however, the President became aware that investigators were conducting an obstruction-of-justice inquiry into his own conduct. That awareness marked a significant change in the President's conduct and the start of a second phase of action. The President launched public attacks on the investigation and individuals involved in it who could possess evidence adverse to the President, while in private, the President engaged in a series of targeted efforts to control the investigation. For instance, the President attempted to remove the Special Counsel; he sought to have Attorney General Sessions unrecuse himself and limit the investigation; he sought to prevent public disclosure of information about the June 9, 2016 meeting between Russians and campaign officials; and he used public forums to attack potential witnesses who might offer adverse information and to praise witnesses who declined to cooperate with the government. Judgments about the nature of the President's motives during each phase would be informed by the totality of the evidence.”

Hello there,As a fighter, the Spitfire did have warts - the worst two being ground handling, thanks to its close spaced undercarriage; And during takeoff, a definite lack of forward vision due to the long (lovely) nose and engine - though this latter was a minor problem until you, as pilot, raised the tail while the aircraft gathers airspeed during takeoff. The tail is also easily raised using no more than propeller slipstream, so you had to be careful about it ![Undercarriage challenge - and a long nose….]The undercarriage was weak, rendering it a major source of self-inflicted attrition, both on land and at sea (early Seafires were dreadful in this regard).The Spitfire, throughout its entire life, did not have any advantage in terms of range. As a metropolitan fighter designed to defend home airspace, it was unmatched as history showed. As an offensive fighter, its lack of range was its consistent Achilles Heel.Having gotten over the warts, lets review the star-qualities of the fighter that kept it in the front line throughout hostilities, and even a little while after ..[1] The sprung steel spar, perfect double-semi-elliptical wing.Without doubt, this has got to have been one of the main reasons the Spitfire was one of the all-time great WWII fighters -The spar itself is a sequence of progressively sleeved rectangular sections of spring steel :The double-ellipse wing has many star quailities thanks to its design and construction :Air velocity across the span is even from root to tip. This allows two performance features that made the Spitfire the darling of its pilots:Stalls were very gentle, and permitted immediate recovery with pushing the nose down. This is due to the entire span stalling at the same time, and therefore there are no ‘snatching’ or yawing tendencies during the stall which can catch the pilot unawares, as in the contemporary Bf-109 and Hurricane.As a result of even velocity flow, the wing permits very high speed flight, approaching Mach 1 in late mark Spitfires still fitted with this wing.Regarding stalls - when it comes to wing stalling, the wing tips on most normal (i.e. non-elliptical) types stall evenly across their spans due to wash out, there the angle of incidence of the wing at a given span station differs from that of the wing both inboard and outboard, imparting a necessary ‘twist’. so that the generally uneven airflow over the non-elliptical wing will then ‘even out’ in terms of relative airflow velocity, a consequence of the ‘rolled vortex’ function of wings as they generate lift.The vortex then travels outwards to the tips, producing the classic wingtip vortex:Spanwise velocity loading on the wing varies by planform :[Martin Simons - Model Aircraft Aerodynamics, 1st Edition - my scan from my copy]As you can see, the Elliptical Platform has : simultaneous stall, and ideal/perfect load distribution along its span.The tapered wing (as used on the majority of WWII fighters) is close - but you need to use design tricks to make it benign on tip-stalling - e.g. Planform washout as on the A6M Zero-sen, slats on a Bf-109, or a Wing Root Leading Edge Extension (look ! the first LERX !) on the P-51. Or just lump snap spins, as on the P-40 and P-39 !The result of this is the progressive stall on the washed out straight or tapered wing then replicates the behavior of the elliptical wing. The Spitfire’swing not only features planform ellipticality, but profile ellipticality, whereby the cross sectional area along the span drecreases in line with the function of a hemi-ellipse (seeing as the underside of the wing is necessarily nearly flat for construction - more genius !), ensuring (in an early form of area ruling, though I doubt either Mitchell or Smith were aware of it) giving rise to the high speed performance character of the wing.For reference : Elliptical wing - WikipediaStall is simultaneous across the span of the Spitfire wing, however a combination of its planform, sectional surface area and a very slight amount of washout encourages a benign character, permitting authority of the Ailerons during the stall transition.As a result, the Spitfire loses almost no flow authority throughout its flight envelope, thanks to minimal planform twist, and the the simultaneous stall is actually a boon, not a bane.Pilots have all reported pussycat-like stalling characteristics - the Spitfire doesn’t ‘stop’ flying, Aileron control is crisp, and no nasty ‘snaps’ occur.Look at that beautiful pressure distribution across the wing at speed !As you can see there is no one area where pressure is uneven, or flow is unevenly distributed across the span.For more on its flow characteristics, and to properly visualise its velocity distribution in flight, see here :https://www.cfdsupport.com/spitf...2. Success as a combat type was a direct result of the sectional spar - it was possible to mount mixed armament of machine guns and cannons from the beginning of Spitfire development - the first cannon-mounted Mk. 1b Spitfires appeared near the height of the Battle of Britain. they were capable of accepting the recoil from the cannons - despite the disappointingly poor performance of this early installation. The later Mk. V and marks onwards all made excellent use of cannon, the Mk IX being considered the mature form of this armament type.[2] Powerplant evolution - a perfect match with Rolls-RoyceAs the Spitfire evolved as a combat type, its speed and power were as a result of a match made in heaven between Supermarine, and the engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce. This relationship was forged during the inter-war Schneider Trophy competitions, and now paid dividends in the evolution of the Spitfire, from the early Merlin 30 Mk. I and Mk. II variants through the appearance of the definitive Mk. VIII and IX with the Merlin 60 - and then beyond with the introduction of the mighty Griffon marks ![Mk. I veteran of the Battle of Britian][Cannon-armed Mk. Vb][The quintessential Mk. IX - the peak of the Merlin types, with the Mk VIII]Following this, the Spitfire reached peak development with the introduction of steadily more powerful versions of the larger Rolls Royce Griffon, culminating in the 2500 hp+ equipped Mk. 24 with contra-props ![The wild and hairy Mk. XII - where it all began][An epitome of speed - the Spitfire XIV, which gave ground to nothing apart from jets … and sometimes not even then !][The Mk. 24 - embodying the later ‘Spiteful’ tail, and evolved ‘Tempest-like’ wingtips, with four cannon and the most powerful of the Griffons. The end of the line, apart from….][The final end of the line - the mind-bendingly powerful, fast, heavily armed and spectacular contra-propped Seafire Mk. 47 !][3] HandlingWhat is not often appreciated is that the pilots of Spitfires during the war were both young and inexperienced. During the desperate days of the Battle of Britian, this could potentially have resulted in attritive casualties that would have given the Luftwaffe sufficient victory in the air to permit the execution of Operation Sealion - and with that the scenario of Len Deighton’s ‘SS-GB’ would have become a reality.That they did not was in large part due to the ease of flight offered by both Spitfire and Hurricane, and the forgiving nature of these great fighters when on the edge of their performance envelopes.Surviving Spitfire pilots therefore ‘grew up’ with their machines, graduating through the increasingly mature marks and higher engine powers, and increasing weapon strength to create a formidable fighting force.The large wing area of the Spitfire, combined with the even acceleration and decelleration of the air moving over and under the surface also created a welcome offset to its narrow-track undercarriage - During landing, the entire span of the wing would capture a large ‘ground effect’ cushion of air that made landings both gentle and easy to control.Pilots have often compared the handling of the Spitfire to that of a very overpowered lightplane, sort of 400 mph Piper Cub ! This goes a very long way towards explaining the enduring delight which the Spitfire has always given to its pilotsSummaryA very important quality of the Spitfire which inspired both pilots and everyday people (like me) is that, from first to last, every single Spitfire is drop dead gorgeously beautiful !!!!Here, the Mk. XVI, with bubble canopy, and four cannon - sort of a ‘Spitfire Mustang’ but remaining stunningly wonderful to the eye.Its a miracle and a wonder that the Spitfire combined flight performance which matched its visual appearance - this is due to the visionary genius of its designers, R.J. Mitchell and Joseph Smith, and in turn to the success of its mass production making it available in the quantities in which made it into a significant component of the air campaign throughout hostilities.One salient fact also contributes to the Spitfire’s status - it outpaced and outperformed every single one of its intended replacements. Every. Single. One !To begin with - The Spitfire remained the premier fighter until 1942 with the Mk. V and Mk. IX, however the Air Ministry believed that the more powerful Hawker Typhoon would be the future of fighters.Enter the Spitfire XII (see profile above) equipped with a Griffon, which promptly trounced the Typhoon so soundly in a speed trial that the Typhoon finally emerged as a ground attack type.The Spitfire XIV then proceeded to do the same to the Hawker Tempest.And, at sea, it was an even game between the Seafire Mk. 47 and the Sea Fury !The Spitfire XIV, for instance, beat the heck out of the Mustang for speed and armament. It only fell, as it always did, in terms of range.Otherwise, throughout its entire life, the Spitfire was a significant and excellent fighter, with pussycat tendencies, good armament, and the ability to triumph if not dictate terms in all air combat domains.My 2c worth, hope it helps.

the best structure and format of project reports include the following sequel of elements:Title & Cover PageDeclarationApproval or CertificationAcknowledgementsAbstract or Executive SummaryTable of ContentsList of FiguresList of TablesList of Symbols and AbbreviationsIntroductionBody of the Project & the ChaptersExperiments and ResultsConclusion and RecommendationsFuture ScopeReferencesAppendicesIn the above structure, the first nine pages are known as preliminary pages, and are usually numbered with the Roman numerals as I, II, III, IV, and so on, except the title page.TLDRTypical Format of the Project Report:Title page- All the letters of the title page must be capitalized, and the title page should not contain page numbers. the course name should be followed by the student’s name, his roll number, guide’s name and designation, and at the end of the title page, organization’s logo and address should be written.Declaration and Approval: The declaration is a statement written by the student who declares that he or she has sincerely completed his or her project. The declaration statement concludes with the signature of the student.Acknowledgement:The acknowledgement page depicts the gratitude, respect and thankfulness of the student towards the people who helped him in pursuing the project successfully and ensured successful completion and implementation of the project. In this page, the author expresses his gratitude and concern by using praising and thanksgiving words.Abstract:Abstract represents a summarized report of the complete project in a very concise and informative format covering main objective and aim of the project, the background information, processes and methods used, and methodologies implemented, followed with a brief conclusion of two to three lines talking about the results and scope of the project.Table of Contents, List of Figures and Tables:Table of contents provides a complete sketch of the title, subtitles, headings, topics and the project elements that are involved in those headings. In other words, different sections and their titles are included here.Similarly, a list of figures and tables helps the reader to locate diagrams, charts and tables in the document, and therefore, it should be numbered accordingly by chapter and page number.The Main Body of the Project:Introduction chapter, Literature Review,the basic theoretical information about each and every component & aspect of the project, such as circuit design, simulation implementation and modeling, software implementation, statistical analysis and calculations done, results gained, and so on.Conclusion and RecommendationsThe conclusion and recommendations part summarizes the whole report by highlighting all the chapters and their significance and the importance of the project and about the achievements.The Recommendations are interlinked with conclusion. The conclusion drawn from the project report can be further implemented in the recommendation section to overcome the constraints of the project.Referencing and AppendicesAll these activities require appropriate and authentic sources of information and that particular information must be referenced or cited according to the copyrights and other guidelines. Therefore, to make the report original, it should be free from plagiarism and must follow standard citations and guidelines of citations to represent the reference names.The appendices of a project report should be written in Times New Roman format of font size 10, and it should contain the information which is appropriate and added to the main text like Embedded C program code, raw data, and so on.Source:https://www.elprocus.com/final-project-report-format-for-electronics-engineering-students/