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Let me share with you some thoughts from the blog post How to sell homemade products on Amazon. Amazon has a special section for the sale of handmade products. This marketplace is introduced as the best alternative to another famous trading platform named Etsy. So, the following advantages and drawbacks of selling handmade items on Amazon are introduced.Pros of selling handmade on AmazonThe main advantage of Handmade at Amazon is a large customer base – over 250 million users.An extensive review of the products. Handmade at Amazon attempts to limit the wholesalers and resellers, as well as mass production. The main emphasis is made on the real handmade items.Free shipping and prime shipping options are available.Comparing to the other trading platforms, Amazon provides less competition due to the smaller amount of products and sellers.The interface of Handmade at Amazon is designed for the sale of custom items and is very usable.No difficulties with the tax paperwork because Amazon makes everything for its users.Seller support is available by phone.Cons of selling homemade items on AmazonUnfortunately, Amazon is a rather pricey service. You have to pay 12% fee for each sold item. Nevertheless, the listing is free and non-expirable.Collectives of sellers are available on Handmade at Amazon. This option is widely used by the resellers to grasp the market.Due to the large size of Amazon handmade marketplace, any changes made to a listing require up to 15 minutes to take effect.The audience of Amazon is not used to the handmade items but to the cheap ready-to-sale products.Amazon Handmade vs EtsySince Etsy is the main alternative and competitor to Amazon, it is essential to know the differences between these two trading platforms.The main flaw of Etsy is the fertile ground for selling mass products. Unlike Etsy, Amazon focuses on its audience that produces custom handmade items. Thus, a number of the listed products at Etsy increases 30 million.Nevertheless, the pricing policy of Etsy is much more attractive. Although you have to pay $0.2 per each listing, the selling fee is $3.5 compared to $12 at Handmade at Amazon. At the same time, Etsy does not provide a tax accounting i.e. you must control your taxes by your own.The interface of each marketplace is a matter of taste and habit. Someone can claim that Amazon is more usable and convenient while the others will oppose.In general, the main distinction of Amazon to Etsy is the limit of resellers. Handmade at Amazon is aimed more at custom-made and handmade products, while Etsy is overfilled with the wholesalers and resellers.How to Apply for Handmade at AmazonThe process of registration as an Amazon handmade seller is rather serious and strict. Unlike other trading platforms, a simple registration is not enough to start your sales. However, it does not mean that it will take much of your time and pain to apply for Amazon handmade. All you need is to answer some questions and provide personal details and data about your products.An important point is that Handmade at Amazon supports the latest versions of the following browsers including Chrome 36+, Safari 7+, Firefox 31+, and Internet Explorer 10+. The verification process is facilitated for those who have already been engaged in the online sales. It may take a couple of days to a month to receive a confirmation of your application.How to StartIf you are successfully verified, an email with a detailed explanation of setting up your account will be sent. All the essential steps will be noted in the email, and be prepared to fill out the numerous forms.The key element to start your sales at Amazon is a seller account. There are two types of them - individual and professional. The last one costs $39.99 a month and is designated for the sellers, which exceed the sale of 40 items per month.As soon as you perform all the steps, you will see your main seller page.Review the Handmade at Amazon Style Guide and Getting Started GuideAmazon is focused on its users and makes everything to contribute to your business. Thus, on the main seller page two PDFs are available - Getting Started Guide and Style Guide.The first document is designed to help you manage your business at Amazon, namely communication with customers, management of orders, and a lot of other useful information. All the essential data about selling at Amazon is provided in this PDF file.Style Guide offers advice and tips for the successful sales on Handmade at Amazon. This PDF file contains the information about the products listing, finding customers, creating an artisan profile, setting up a shop, making photos of your items etc.Create a ProfileThe process of creation of an artisan profile is the first step. The link for this action is on the homepage of your Seller Central account. This profile is carte de visite of your handmade products at Amazon. You will need to upload your profile photo, images of your items, store, working process, and fill out some text sections including the store name, description of your craft, as well as provide some information about you.The process will not take more than 15 minutes and is rather simple. Upon the completion, you need to click the “Save & Publish” button. This information, as well as cover photos, can be edited at any time later.Analysis of Your Niche: Prices, Competitors' Items etc.Before creating listings, you need to be prepared to plunge into the world of sales and trade. It is not as easy as it seems. Do you think that your marketing process ends at posting an item and setting the price? When you get to this step, the questions like “What description?” or “What price?” will come to your mind. Hence, it is advised to make yourself ready to these challenges.First of all, you need to analyze the market. It is not as difficult as it sounds. Browse the similar products and learn the prices, information, images and other things that can be useful for your trading activity. Your aim is to find and understand your niche. The price range is also an essential factor to be considered since each artisan sets a certain price for own reasons.Such information as a product description, decoration of a store or images of items should not be neglected too. Perhaps, you will find a peculiar feature, which will promote your sales, in the details of your competitors’ items.Create ListingsIf you have created listings at Etsy, you might find this process a bit easier at Amazon. Besides, both these trading platforms allow copying a listing for posting similar items.The number of categories on Handmade at Amazon is not as extended as on Etsy. Sometimes it can be rather difficult to find an appropriate section for an item.The text on the listings has no styling options, which is a flaw. However, such features as the customization options and a Production Time for a listing are a peculiarity of Handmade at Amazon.The process of posting a listing is free of some difficulties. You need to fill out such sections as Title, Product Description, Standard Price, Quantity, Production Time, and Shipping Method. It is recommended to get more information about creating listings in the Getting Started Guide.Setup ShippingThe “Shipping Settings” button is located at the bottom of the main seller page. Start your settings with choosing the location.The “Change Shipping Model” button offers you to choose the shipping based on item/weight or the shipping according to the total cost.Clicking the “Edit” button enables you to select the desired shipping regions and speeds. Click “Continue” to see a list of shipping prices for each region. To save your changes click “Continue” once again.It is recommended to find out the shipping prices on the official website of the chosen carrier. Packaging should be also taken into account of the shipping cost.How to Advertise Your Handmade Products on AmazonOnce you have decided to sell handmade items on Amazon, you need to promote your sales in order to obtain the best return on investment. For this reason, it is advised to pay attention to the function named Amazon Sponsored Products. It is a simple way to advertise your listing without any additional difficulties (similar to Google Shopping).For example, you are selling crafts on Amazon namely the handmade dolls. The ad function resizes your listing with the first 35 characters specified in the title. The ad for the items out of stock will not run. Two targeting options are available – automatic and manual. The last one allows you adding keywords according to the exact, broad and phrase match types.If you sell handmade on Amazon, you are offered with another benefit for a seller - an advertising campaign. There are three campaign types – Sponsored Products, Headline Search Ads, and Product Display Ads.The ads of Sponsored Products appear below the search results. These ads can be targeted only with broad keywords.The Headline Search ads are located above the search results. These ads can lead to any page on this famous trading platform.The third type of ads is not targeted with keywords. You select the place of your Product Display Ads. It is possible to target the competitors’ products or complementary items.Selling handmade items on Amazon provides various advertising options to be used to increase your sales and ROI.How to Write Titles & BodiesA good SEO work can significantly increase your results and bring fruit. So, you should not neglect to create a title and a description. A title should explain the product’s purpose. However, it should not be large and bulk. Besides, a good title should contain a certain keyword to be focused on. The main attributes of a product should also be listed in the title.The other essential keywords should be used for the description of the item. Try to avoid single words but use phrases like “hand embroidered doll” instead of “doll”. Besides, a description should contain the essential data including color, dimensions, weight, materials, and special instructions if applicable.Manage Orders Using NetHunt CRMIf you are asked “How to sell handmade on Amazon?” now you will be able to answer this question. Nevertheless, it is time to learn how to communicate with clients on Amazon. Currently, there is a plenty of various customer relationship management tools like Salesforce or Pipedrive.It is important to choose a proper CRM tool since most of them are designed for large projects or teams. However, some software can be a perfect solution for both small and medium-sized business. NetHunt CRM is a great choice for those who use Gmail to communicate with the customers and manage orders. Due to this service, your inbox will turn into an advanced CRM tool with numerous useful features including the mass emailing, unlimited records, unlimited folders, and follow-ups, as well as email tracking. Besides, NetHunt supports integration with the calendar and other applications by Google.You can choose the “Sales” built-in workspace for your undertakings. Three other workspaces (Real Estate, Support, and Hiring) are also available for other types of activities. Nowadays, a CRM tool is an integral part of the trading activities.How to Get Real Positive Reviews? How to Ask Clients about Reviews?To get a positive review you need to satisfy the customer’s needs. If a customer has no complaints about the quality of an item, its compliance with the description, as well as other essential things, you are likely to obtain an accolade.Meeting the customer’s expectations is not an easy thing. For this reason, the communication with a customer plays a distinctive role in the sales activities. If a customer showed its interest in your handmade craft, do not be rude or concise. Demonstrate your concernment and provide all the required data like adding photos of the item or a highly detailed description of the used materials.It is quite important to show your concern about the customer’s satisfaction upon the receipt of your item. Do not be shy to ask the customer whether he or she likes the product and whether the item is satisfactory. If it is, ask to write a positive review and maintain good relations with all the customers.How to Be #1 in SearchWe have already mentioned the meaning of a proper advertising and namely Amazon ads campaigns. In order to extract all the good out of them, you need to use the proper keywords targeting in the most effective ways.Cross-sell or upsell advertisingIf your product is associated with another item or is marketed as an accessory, it is advised to bid on the major product rather than an accessory. This gives you a chance to catch a customer before entering the market of your products.Competitor’s terms advertisingIf your product is cheaper or in some way better than the competitor’s one, bid on the competitor’s brand. This tip is great to compete with the known brands in the market. Lesser price or more attractive offer can draw away a significant share of customers from a well-known competitor.Generic terms advertisingUnlike the previous tip, this one envisages a complete refusal of brands. Use specific terms that are used by the audience and you will win success. Try to be as specific as possible in your keywords.

Hysteria and the Strange History of VibratorsFrom the Vault of the Museum of Sex: Macaura’s PulsoconWarning adult content19th-century American author and humorist Mark Twain once observed, on the difference between history and fiction, that: “it’s no wonder that truth is stranger than fiction. Fiction has to make sense”.[1][1][1][1] Twain was correct: many truths about history are so strange that they are believable when fictionalised only if the author/creator can point to an historical precedent.Until the 20th century, American and European men, including physicians, subscribed to the belief that women did not experience sexual desire or pleasure.[2][2][2][2] Women were simply warm receptacles for male lust, and that intercourse culminating in male ejaculation fulfilled women's erotic needs. Women were socialized to believe that they possessed no sex drive,[3][3][3][3] and that duty required them to put up with sex in order to keep their husbands happy and have children.During the 19th century, doctors were obsessed with trying to cure the female illness of hysteria, – a now-defunct medical term that covered everything from headaches to nervous breakdowns.[4][4][4][4] As the story goes, physicians figured only an orgasm could relieve women of this ailment.[5][5][5][5] Due to high demand and because doing that manually took ages, the vibrator was invented, a steampunk cure all that could cure women in minutes, not an hour.Mention vibrators, and most people immediately think of women’s sexual pleasure. And no wonder: an estimated one-third of adult American women now own at least one.[6][6][6][6] Clitoral stimulation with vibrators produces orgasms reliably even in women who have difficulty experiencing them in other ways. And women who use vibrators consistently report sexual enhancement in both solo and partner sex.The Invention of the VibratorBut the theory of medicinal vibrators didn't become prevalent until the '90s -- the 1990s not 1890s. That's when historian and scientist Rachel Maines released her book. The Technology of Orgasm, which became the basis of a myth linking the evolution of the vibrator to curing hysteria.[7][7][7][7] Despite the book’s resounding popularity and acclaim – including the 1999 Herbert Feis Award from the American Historical Association[8][8][8][8] –the theory is not rooted in either historical or medical evidence, according to recent paper published in the Journal of Positive Sexuality.[9][9][9][9] The study is the latest piece of research by historians seeking to undermine the claims of The Technology of Orgasm – and its holds on both the history of sexuality and the popular imagination.Maines argues that Victorian physicians routinely treated female hysteria patients by stimulating them to orgasm using electromechanical vibrators. The vibrator was, according to Maines, a labor-saving technology that replaced the well-established medical practice of clitoral massage for hysteria. She states that physicians did not perceive either the vibrator or manual massage as sexual, because neither method involved vaginal penetration.[10][10][10][10]The book has two main arguments: firstly, that 'massage to orgasm' was a staple of medical practice among Western physicians for thousands of years; and secondly, that vibrators increased the number of patients that Victorian doctors could treat for hysteria.[11][11][11][11] This argument has been repeated in dozens of scholarly works and cited with approval in many more. A few scholars have challenged various parts of the book. Yet, until the last few years, none have contested her central argument, at least not in peer-reviewed literature. Her argument even spread to popular culture, appearing in a Broadway play[12][12][12][12] , a feature-length film, several documentaries (Passion and Power 2007)[13][13][13][13] and many mainstream books and articles. This once controversial idea has now become an accepted fact.English women suffering from hysteria, 1876-1880. D.M. Bourneville and P. Régnard (File:Hysteria.jpg - Wikimedia Commons)However, Maines' key sources were two turn-of-the-century physicians who never claimed they used Victorian vibrators to orgasm hysteria out of women. They only promoted the devices as glorified back massagers to fix small problems and promote general wellness.[14][14][14][14] Mechanical devices known as ‘vibrators’, and advertised as back or neck massagers were being used by women in intimate ways as early as the 1900s and 1910s.[15][15][15][15] But there’s no evidence that that was the case prior to 1900, when vibrators were being marketed to physicians, not directly to consumers.Physicians of the era did describe conducting pelvic and gynecological massages, but these didn’t involve the clitoris or lead to orgasm. One Victorian physician quoted advocates for vibrator use on "the intestines, kidneys, lungs, and skin",[16][16][16][16] another for gout and hearing loss.[17][17][17][17] There is no mention of its use on genitals. There are some French sources suggesting the odd doctor in 19th-century France may have tried manual clitoral massage, but it was never a widely accepted treatment.[18][18][18][18]The term ‘pelvic massage’ usually meant uterine massage, a treatment frequently used for conditions such as dysmenorrhea or uterine prolapse.[19][19][19][19] Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for extreme menstrual cramps,[20][20][20][20] and uterine prolapse is when the uterus slips from its normal position and into the vagina.[21][21][21][21]Pelvic massage was pioneered by physicians and the Swedish obstetrician and gynaecologist, Thure Brandt (1819-1895), who began treating women in 1861.[22][22][22][22] The ‘Brandt method’ of pelvic massage and ‘manipulating the womb’ proved very popular and was widely reported at the time. The New York Medical Journal (1876) was one of many journals that described the technique in some detail. “Brandt claims that his method of treatment is useful in prolapses and protrusion of the uterus; prolapse of the vagina; hypertrophy and induration of the uterus; ulcerations; abnormal haemorrhage, depending on relaxation of the uterus; tendency to miscarriage; slight hypertrophy of the ovaries.”[23][23][23][23]Much of the massage is carried out externally, and involves the physician pushing down on the patient’s pelvic area, ‘combined with vibratory shaking’, as well as stretching out her arms, spine and legs – again, with ‘vibratory shaking’.[24][24][24][24]Confused? Doctors eventually realized the machines were useless as a medical tool and stopped recommending them.[25][25][25][25] Overnight, medical vibrators lost their legitimacy, forcing women to hide them in their nightstands tainting the surest cure for their hysteria, nervousness and anxiety and troublesome behavior.She looks placid and relaxed, but odds are good that a doctor would have diagnosed her with hysteria.She looks placid and relaxed, but odds are good that a doctor would have diagnosed her with hysteria. (10 Bizarre Treatments Doctors Used to Think Were Legit)For millenia, philosophers and historians knew for certain that women didn't have orgasms. Hysteria was the first mental disorder attributed to women (and only women)[26][26][26][26] ,a catch-all for symptoms including, but by no means limited to: nervousness, hallucinations, emotional outbursts and various urges of the sexual variety, including excessive vaginal lubrication.[27][27][27][27] Women relied upon their physician to perform a special type of pelvic physical therapy to achieve something called "hysterical paroxysm”- essentially an orgasm.[28][28][28][28]For over 4000 years, this “disease” was considered from two perspectives: scientific and demonological. It was cured with herbs, sex or sexual abstinence, or punished and purified with fire for its association with sorcery[29][29][29][29] and finally, clinically studied as a disease and treated with innovative therapies.A womb of one’s own… Part one. - Menstrual MattersPelvic massages have been around since the dawn of humanity. According to a comprehensive history of female hysteria, compiled by researchers from the University of Cagliari in Italy[30][30][30][30] , Egyptian texts, dating as far back as 1900 BC argued that hysterical disorders were caused by women's wombs moving throughout their bodies, putting pressure on other organs and causing serious illness, and even death.[31][31][31][31] The ancient Greeks believed in hysteria as well. In the 5th century BC, Hippocrates first coined the term "hysteria" -- from "hysterika," or uterus -- and also attributed its cause to abnormal movements of the womb in a woman's body.[32][32][32][32] According to Hippocrates and his associates, a woman's body is physiologically cold, and in order to warm up, it needs, well, sex.[33][33][33][33] Thus, the term "hysteria" was often used to diagnose women with inactive or incomplete sex lives.In Roman times, physicians largely followed the Hippocratic tradition, without questioning the validity of the ‘wandering womb’ theory. Aretaeus of Cappadocia, a contemporary of Galen, included in his medical treatises a section describing the wandering womb.[34][34][34][34]In women, in the hollow of the body below the ribcage, lies the womb. It is very much like an independent animal within the body for it moves around of its own accord and is quite erratic. Furthermore, it likes fragrant smells and moves toward them, but it dislikes foul odors and moves away from them… When it suddenly moves upward [i.e., toward a fragrant smell] and remains there for a long time and presses on the intestines, the woman chokes, in the manner of an epileptic, but without any spasms. For the liver, the diaphragm, lungs and heart are suddenly confined in a narrow space. And therefore the woman seems unable to speak or to breathe. In addition, the carotid arteries, acting in sympathy with the heart, compress, and therefore heaviness of the head, loss of sense perception, and deep sleep occur… Disorders caused by the uterus are remedied by foul smells, and also by pleasant fragrances applied to the vagina…[35][35][35][35]However, not everyone accepted the wandering womb prognosis. Soranus of Ephesus (98-138 A.D.), and Galen of Pergamon (130-210 A.D.) both insisted that the uterus was fixed in place, as Galen made clear, “We must consider as totally preposterous the opinion of those who… make the womb into an animal”.[36][36][36][36] Sadly, this more advanced understanding of the physiology of the womb, was then largely ignored for centuries.Pelvic massages remained the most effective means of treating a "wandering womb", a practice that persisted in Western medical practice until the 1920s.[37][37][37][37]The 'Veedee' massager is said to have been used by doctors to cure Victorian women of hysteria. But this has been disputed as myth (The 'sex toys' dating back 28,000 years)Documented complaints of female hysteria date back to the 13th century. Doctors of that era understood that women had libidos and advised them to relieve their sexual frustration with dildos.[38][38][38][38] In the 16th century, physicians told married hysterics to encourage their husbands’ lust. One influential physician named Thomas Sydenham, who lived from the mid- to late-1600s, thought that hysterical ladies were everywhere.[39][39][39][39] Apparently, Sydenham once declared that female hysteria, which he attributed to “irregular motions of the animal spirits,” was the second most common malady of the time—behind another nebulous term, "fevers".[40][40][40][40]In 1653, the physician Alemarianus Petrus Forestus published a medical compendium titled Observationem et Curationem Medicinalium ac Chirurgicarum Opera Omnia,in which Forestus devotes a full chapter to the diseases of women.[41][41][41][41] Specifically, he noted that with regard to treatment of hysteria, many male doctors "sought every opportunity to substitute other devices for their fingers, such as the attentions of a husband, the hands of a midwife, or the business end of some tireless and impersonal mechanism."[42][42][42][42]The compendium directed:“This kind of stimulation with the finger is recommended by Galen and Avicenna, among others, most especially for widows, those who live chaste lives, and female religious … it is less often recommended for very young women, public women, or married women, for whom it is a better remedy to engage in intercourse with their spouses.”[43][43][43][43]For hysteria unrelieved by husbandly lust, and for widows, single and unhappily married women, doctors advised horseback riding, which, for some, provided enough clitoral stimulation to trigger orgasm.[44][44][44][44] But riding provided many women little relief, and by the 17th century, dildos were less of an option, because the arbiters of decency had succeeded in demonizing masturbation as “self-abuse.”[45][45][45][45]French pelvic douche device, circa 1860 (File:Pelvicdouche.jpg - Wikimedia Commons)According to Maines' investigations, at various points, high-pressure showers or hoses were also used to treat hysteria[46][46][46][46] (as were clitoridectomies)[47][47][47][47] . One French physician, writing in the mid 1800s, explained that at first this sort of high-powered douching was unpleasant, but then, "the reaction of the organism to the cold, which causes the skin to flush, and the reestablishment of equilibrium all create for many persons so agreeable a sensation that it is necessary to take precautions."[48][48][48][48] Women weren't supposed to indulge in this hydro-therapy for more than four to five minutes or longer.At the end of the 19th century it was estimated that 75 percent of American women suffered from hysteria.[49][49][49][49] With so many possible symptoms, hysteria was always a natural diagnosis when the ailment could not be identified. For instance, before the introduction of the electroencephalography (EEG) test, epilepsy was frequently confused with hysteria.[50][50][50][50] While there is some circumstantial evidence that genital massage was practiced before the 20th century, they could find no proof at all that this was ever a "staple of medical practice".[51][51][51][51]During this period of experimentation for a cure for hysteria, doctors or midwives applied vegetable oil to women’s genitals and then massaged them with one or two fingers inside and the heel of the hand pressing against the clitoris.[52][52][52][52] With this type of massage, women had orgasms and experienced sudden, dramatic relief from hysteria. But doctors didn’t call women’s climaxes orgasms. They called them “paroxysms” because everyone knew that women were incapable of sexual feelings, so they could not possibly experience orgasm.[53][53][53][53]According to research conducted over the past two decades, the treatment was so popular, in fact, that physicians sought a faster, more efficient way to perform the treatment than with their own hands. Unfortunately for doctors, hysteria treatment had a downside — achy, cramped fingers and hands from all that massage. In medical journals of the early 1800s, doctors lamented that treating hysterics taxed their physical endurance.[54][54][54][54] Chronic hand fatigue meant that some doctors had trouble maintaining the treatment long enough to produce the desired (and lucrative) result. A disturbing insight, vibrators succeeded not because they advanced female pleasure, but because they saved labor for male physicians.Science Museum Group CollectionNecessity being the mother of invention, physicians began experimenting with mechanical substitutes for their hands. They tried a number of massage contraptions, among them water-driven gadgets (the forerunners of today's shower massage devices), and pumping, steam-driven dildos.[55][55][55][55] But the machines were cumbersome, messy, often unreliable, and sometimes dangerous.The first electric vibrator was manufactured in the late 1800s, decreasing treatment times from as much as an hour to as little as 10 minutes[56][56][56][56] Joseph Mortimer-Granville’s invention in 1883 was a late achievement in a life devoted to treating mental disorders and devising methods of memory improvement.[57][57][57][57] The vibrator was intended to be used on the male nerve centres, principality those of the spine.[58][58][58][58] Mortimer-Granville was horrified by the mere thought of using vibrators on women (although he failed to say why).[59][59][59][59]But many of his colleagues on both sides of the Atlantic ignored his maledictions on vibrating female patients. One of these colleagues was Alfred Dale Covey, whose book Profitable Office Specialities,[60][60][60][60] which included “vibrotherapy,”[61][61][61][61] went into multiple editions in the early 20th century. It didn’t take long for Mortimer-Granville’s sober-and-serious medical instrument to discover the market for pleasure. The American inventor of a steam-powered, coal-fired vibrator called The Manipulator, George Taylor, wrote in 1869 that physicians had to be careful to limit the “treatment” of women’s pelvic disorders, as the patients would be inclined to demand too much of a good thing.[62][62][62][62]When Doctors Used to Finger Their Patients: Female HysteriaOne of the most enduring misconceptions about the Victorian era is that individuals were often characterized as universally prudish, sexually dysfunctional and repressed. Victorian sexual mores have a bad reputation. So bad, in fact, that some historians have claimed women were brought to a “hysterical paroxysm” (supposedly an orgasm that nobody wanted to admit to), by their doctors through “pelvic massage” (masturbation). To aid them, a vibrating device was invented because there were just so many women who needed this form of treatment that the poor doctors’ hands were getting tired, and they had to use a machine.Machines with hand-held attachments that vibrated were part of the elaborate system of cures for hysteria, neurasthenia, and more common ailments like back pain or asthma. Doctors thought that applying vibration or massage to affected parts of the body (such as the head, neck or back) might help restore electrical imbalances causing the health problems. Doucheing and other forms of water treatments were extremely popular at spas both in Europe and America. Surely some women figured out how to use these devices for masturbatory purposes.The Chattanooga…stood nearly 2m tall and required a couple of men to operate it. Being steam-powered, the engine of the machine was located in a small room and two men shoveled coal into the furnace and monitored the steam temperature, pressure, and thrust required to drive the Chattanooga. The engine room was separated from the doctor’s room by a wall which had a hole in it. A mechanical arm extended from the engine through the wall and into the consulting room where the doctor controlled it and used the vibrating arm to administer the appropriate genital massage to the grateful patient.[63][63][63][63](Chattanooga Choo-Choo: A Brief History of the Vibrator)But just because something is aimed at your genitals doesn’t mean that it is enjoyable, and no one understood this better than the Victorians. Treatments for male sexual neurasthenia and impotence included devices were supposed to enclose the penis and transmit regular shocks[64][64][64][64] In one treatment for both men and women, one electrode was inserted in the rectum and a second one in the urethra if you were a woman, or placed between the penis and the scrotum if you were a man.The Sanax device 1913. In a series of photographs, a serious-faced woman in a ruffled white dress holds this vibrator to her forehead, her jaw, her throat and her chest (The vibrator: from medical tool to revolutionary sex toy).So did Dr Granville invent an electronic device for massage? Yes. Was it anything to do with the female orgasm? No. He actually invented it to help stimulate male pain relief, just as massage is used today. Victorian doctors knew exactly what the female orgasm was; in fact, it’s one of the reasons they thought masturbation was a bad idea. A few theorised that it might be beneficial to a woman for her period pain, but the majority of doctors saw the art of self-pleasure as highly dangerous to your health.[65][65][65][65] This attitude was not because they were on some sort of anti-pleasure, or anti-sex crusade, but because orgasms were actually important to the Victorians.Marriage guides discussing the sex act often claimed that a woman in a sexually satisfying relationship was more likely to become pregnant, as the wife’s orgasm was just as necessary to conception as her husband’s.[66][66][66][66] A book called The Art to Begetting Handsome Children, published in 1860, contains a detailed passage on foreplay, and shows us that, for the Victorians, sex, pleasure and love were concepts that were universally tied together.[67][67][67][67] In A Guide To Marriage, published in 1865 by the aptly named Albert Sidebottom, the advice to young couples exploring their relationship for the first time is that “All love between the sexes is based upon sexual passion”.[68][68][68][68] This is something I’ve come across time and again in researching Victorian attitudes to sex: sexual pleasure, and especially female sexual pleasure, really mattered.Cora Pearl.(The humble English girl who became Cora Pearl, one of the most scandalous courtesans of the Second Empire in 19th century Paris)Unfortunately, scholars and historians seem to be incapable of seeing women in the Victorian period as anything other than sexually passive, a gender so disconnected from their bodies that they had to be stimulated by the inventions of men. This just isn’t true. From the erotic life of courtesan Cora Pearl, to the romantic female relationships of Mary Benson, wife of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Victorian female sexuality was just as expressive and expansive as it is today.[69][69][69][69]Sexual fulfilment isn’t always about getting pregnant, and Victorian women seem to have had a healthy interest in protecting their bodies, while still being able to enjoy a sexual relationship. In 1877, Annie Besant, a one-time vicar’s wife, helped to publish Fruits of Philosophy, a guide that set out every possible contraceptive method available to its Victorian reader.[70][70][70][70] From vaginal douches to early forms of spermicide and even condoms, the information in the pamphlet became so popular that its British circulation reached over 125,000 in the first few months alone.c. 1891 Demonstration using the vibrator (A man invented vibrators because doctors were tired of giving orgasms)Between having their organs crushed by their undergarments (corsets), being poisoned by their underwear (Arsenic),[71][71][71][71] and spontaneously combusting once again thanks to their underwear (crinolines), the life of a Victorian woman was, to say the least, “Not Fun”.[72][72][72][72] And nothing sums up their struggles quite like the infamous illness of "hysteria" – a diagnosis foisted upon women for any number of reasons, for which the only known treatment was hours of industrious masturbation at the hands of a physician. Seen by male doctors as non-sexual because it didn't involve penetration (modern men, of course, would never believe this)[73][73][73][73] these "pelvic massages" eventually proved so tiring that the medical community invented the mechanical vibrator. And the rest, as they say, is history- history that has erroneously become accepted as fact in the last 20 years, despite an obvious lack of evidence and source material for the preceeding 150 years.So can we please stop saying Victorian women were having unknown orgasms stimulated by their doctors? The vibrators from the Victorian period are the least orgasmic devices you have ever seen, because they had nothing to do with sex.[74][74][74][74] They were used for massage, not masturbation. And the idea that a woman would be brought to orgasm by a device that rotates with a loud grinding buzz, and pummels you with the same finesse as a steam-engine, just doesn’t work. Especially when you compare it with the Victorian sex aides that were created for pleasure. From sex toys to sex chairs, condoms and contraceptives, the Victorians had many of the things sold today.[75][75][75][75] They used rubber, wood, ivory, and leather; some are delicately crafted from silver, others decorated in enamel flowers and hidden inside everyday objects, like a walking cane.[76][76][76][76]A 1910 newspaper advertisement (1910 ad: White Cross Electric Vibrator)In the 1920s, vibrators began to appear in erotic and pornographic films (the first erotic short appeared in 1891), undermining its social camouflage as a medical device. The vibrator’s legitimacy as a medical device declined after the 1920s, when Sigmund Freud correctly identified paroxysm as sexual.[77][77][77][77] They were no longer a doctor's go to therapy for anything and everything related to women's health.[78][78][78][78] However, chiropractors, who concentrated their attentions on the skeletal muscles, not the genitalia continued to use vibrators in their practices.[79][79][79][79]By the beginning of the 20th century, women could choose and buy their own vibrators from publications such as the Sears, Roebuck and Co. catalog, Needlecraft, Women's Home Companion. [80][80][80][80] One 1903 advertisement in the Sears Catalogue touted a popular massager as “a delightful companion . . . all the pleasures of youth . . . will throb within you....”.[81][81][81][81] Vibrator advertisements disappeared from the consumer media, and vibrators were hard to find well into the 1970s.[82][82][82][82] That changed when feminism emerged right around the time that Hitachi introduced its Magic Wand, still the world’s most popular vibrator.[83][83][83][83]Female hysteria remained a popular diagnosis until 1952 when it was removed from the American Psychiatric spectrum of mental disorders after a 2,500-year history as what the 19th century French physician Charles LaSegue called “a wastepaper basket of otherwise unemployed medical symptoms”.[84][84][84][84]Footnotes[1] Stranger Than Fiction[1] Stranger Than Fiction[1] Stranger Than Fiction[1] Stranger Than Fiction[2] The Classification of Hysteria and Related Disorders: Historical and Phenomenological Considerations[2] The Classification of Hysteria and Related Disorders: Historical and Phenomenological Considerations[2] The Classification of Hysteria and Related Disorders: Historical and Phenomenological Considerations[2] The Classification of Hysteria and Related Disorders: Historical and Phenomenological Considerations[3] Sex & Sexuality in the 19th Century[3] Sex & Sexuality in the 19th Century[3] Sex & Sexuality in the 19th Century[3] Sex & Sexuality in the 19th Century[4] The Classification of Hysteria and Related Disorders: Historical and Phenomenological Considerations[4] The Classification of Hysteria and Related Disorders: Historical and Phenomenological Considerations[4] The Classification of Hysteria and Related Disorders: Historical and Phenomenological Considerations[4] The Classification of Hysteria and Related Disorders: Historical and Phenomenological Considerations[5] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[5] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[5] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[5] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[6] Use of Vibrators Among American Women[6] Use of Vibrators Among American Women[6] Use of Vibrators Among American Women[6] Use of Vibrators Among American Women[7] Victorian-Era Orgasms and the Crisis of Peer Review[7] Victorian-Era Orgasms and the Crisis of Peer Review[7] Victorian-Era Orgasms and the Crisis of Peer Review[7] Victorian-Era Orgasms and the Crisis of Peer Review[8] Herbert Feis Award Recipients[8] Herbert Feis Award Recipients[8] Herbert Feis Award Recipients[8] Herbert Feis Award Recipients[9] http://he%20theory%20has%20some%20pretty%20unstable%20foundations/[9] http://he%20theory%20has%20some%20pretty%20unstable%20foundations/[9] http://he%20theory%20has%20some%20pretty%20unstable%20foundations/[9] http://he%20theory%20has%20some%20pretty%20unstable%20foundations/[10] Victorian-Era Orgasms and the Crisis of Peer Review[10] Victorian-Era Orgasms and the Crisis of Peer Review[10] Victorian-Era Orgasms and the Crisis of Peer Review[10] Victorian-Era Orgasms and the Crisis of Peer Review[11] (PDF) The Technology of Orgasm: 'Hysteria', the Vibrator, and Women's Sexual Satisfaction[11] (PDF) The Technology of Orgasm: 'Hysteria', the Vibrator, and Women's Sexual Satisfaction[11] (PDF) The Technology of Orgasm: 'Hysteria', the Vibrator, and Women's Sexual Satisfaction[11] (PDF) The Technology of Orgasm: 'Hysteria', the Vibrator, and Women's Sexual Satisfaction[12] 'The Vibrator Play': Why Yes, It Is About Exactly That[12] 'The Vibrator Play': Why Yes, It Is About Exactly That[12] 'The Vibrator Play': Why Yes, It Is About Exactly That[12] 'The Vibrator Play': Why Yes, It Is About Exactly That[13] Passion & Power: The Technology of Orgasm[13] Passion & Power: The Technology of Orgasm[13] Passion & Power: The Technology of Orgasm[13] Passion & Power: The Technology of Orgasm[14] History of Wellness - Global Wellness Institute[14] History of Wellness - Global Wellness Institute[14] History of Wellness - Global Wellness Institute[14] History of Wellness - Global Wellness Institute[15] "Hysteria" and the Strange History of Vibrators[15] "Hysteria" and the Strange History of Vibrators[15] "Hysteria" and the Strange History of Vibrators[15] "Hysteria" and the Strange History of Vibrators[16] The Vibrator's Origin Story Is Fantastically Scandalous, But It's Also Probably Fake[16] The Vibrator's Origin Story Is Fantastically Scandalous, But It's Also Probably Fake[16] The Vibrator's Origin Story Is Fantastically Scandalous, But It's Also Probably Fake[16] The Vibrator's Origin Story Is Fantastically Scandalous, But It's Also Probably Fake[17] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[17] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[17] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[17] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[18] Nineteenth-century Attitudes to Female Sexuality[18] Nineteenth-century Attitudes to Female Sexuality[18] Nineteenth-century Attitudes to Female Sexuality[18] Nineteenth-century Attitudes to Female Sexuality[19] It's a myth that Victorian doctors used vibrators to give their patients orgasms[19] It's a myth that Victorian doctors used vibrators to give their patients orgasms[19] It's a myth that Victorian doctors used vibrators to give their patients orgasms[19] It's a myth that Victorian doctors used vibrators to give their patients orgasms[20] Practice Essentials[20] Practice Essentials[20] Practice Essentials[20] Practice Essentials[21] Prolapsed uterus: Stages, symptoms, and home remedies[21] Prolapsed uterus: Stages, symptoms, and home remedies[21] Prolapsed uterus: Stages, symptoms, and home remedies[21] Prolapsed uterus: Stages, symptoms, and home remedies[22] Full text of "Massage treatment (Thure Brandt) in diseases of women : for practitioners"[22] Full text of "Massage treatment (Thure Brandt) in diseases of women : for practitioners"[22] Full text of "Massage treatment (Thure Brandt) in diseases of women : for practitioners"[22] Full text of "Massage treatment (Thure Brandt) in diseases of women : for practitioners"[23] Full text of "New York medical journal"[23] Full text of "New York medical journal"[23] Full text of "New York medical journal"[23] Full text of "New York medical journal"[24] Victorian doctors were not using vibrators on female patients – it was even stranger than that[24] Victorian doctors were not using vibrators on female patients – it was even stranger than that[24] Victorian doctors were not using vibrators on female patients – it was even stranger than that[24] Victorian doctors were not using vibrators on female patients – it was even stranger than that[25] The vibrator: from medical tool to revolutionary sex toy[25] The vibrator: from medical tool to revolutionary sex toy[25] The vibrator: from medical tool to revolutionary sex toy[25] The vibrator: from medical tool to revolutionary sex toy[26] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[26] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[26] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[26] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[27] The History of Hysteria[27] The History of Hysteria[27] The History of Hysteria[27] The History of Hysteria[28] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[28] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[28] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[28] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[29] Hysteria, Witches, and The Wandering Uterus: A Brief History[29] Hysteria, Witches, and The Wandering Uterus: A Brief History[29] Hysteria, Witches, and The Wandering Uterus: A Brief History[29] Hysteria, Witches, and The Wandering Uterus: A Brief History[30] Women And Hysteria In The History Of Mental Health[30] Women And Hysteria In The History Of Mental Health[30] Women And Hysteria In The History Of Mental Health[30] Women And Hysteria In The History Of Mental Health[31] THE WANDERING WOMB[31] THE WANDERING WOMB[31] THE WANDERING WOMB[31] THE WANDERING WOMB[32] Ancient Gynecology - Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius[32] Ancient Gynecology - Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius[32] Ancient Gynecology - Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius[32] Ancient Gynecology - Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius[33] Male and female bodies according to Ancient Greek physicians[33] Male and female bodies according to Ancient Greek physicians[33] Male and female bodies according to Ancient Greek physicians[33] Male and female bodies according to Ancient Greek physicians[34] Aretaeus of Cappadocia, second only to Hippocrates[34] Aretaeus of Cappadocia, second only to Hippocrates[34] Aretaeus of Cappadocia, second only to Hippocrates[34] Aretaeus of Cappadocia, second only to Hippocrates[35] Magical and Medical Approaches to the Wandering Womb in the Ancient Greek World[35] Magical and Medical Approaches to the Wandering Womb in the Ancient Greek World[35] Magical and Medical Approaches to the Wandering Womb in the Ancient Greek World[35] Magical and Medical Approaches to the Wandering Womb in the Ancient Greek World[36] A womb of one’s own… Part one. - Menstrual Matters[36] A womb of one’s own… Part one. - Menstrual Matters[36] A womb of one’s own… Part one. - Menstrual Matters[36] A womb of one’s own… Part one. - Menstrual Matters[37] Hysteria, the Wandering Uterus, and Vaginal Massage[37] Hysteria, the Wandering Uterus, and Vaginal Massage[37] Hysteria, the Wandering Uterus, and Vaginal Massage[37] Hysteria, the Wandering Uterus, and Vaginal Massage[38] A Brief and Twisted History of Dildos and Vibrators[38] A Brief and Twisted History of Dildos and Vibrators[38] A Brief and Twisted History of Dildos and Vibrators[38] A Brief and Twisted History of Dildos and Vibrators[39] The “English Hippocrates” and the disease of kings[39] The “English Hippocrates” and the disease of kings[39] The “English Hippocrates” and the disease of kings[39] The “English Hippocrates” and the disease of kings[40] Sydenham on Hysteria[40] Sydenham on Hysteria[40] Sydenham on Hysteria[40] Sydenham on Hysteria[41] The Technology of Orgasm[41] The Technology of Orgasm[41] The Technology of Orgasm[41] The Technology of Orgasm[42] Observationem et curationem medicinalium ac chirurgicarum, Opera Omnia, ...[42] Observationem et curationem medicinalium ac chirurgicarum, Opera Omnia, ...[42] Observationem et curationem medicinalium ac chirurgicarum, Opera Omnia, ...[42] Observationem et curationem medicinalium ac chirurgicarum, Opera Omnia, ...[43] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[43] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[43] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[43] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[44] The Little Explored Secret of Women's Orgasms While They Exe[44] The Little Explored Secret of Women's Orgasms While They Exe[44] The Little Explored Secret of Women's Orgasms While They Exe[44] The Little Explored Secret of Women's Orgasms While They Exe[45] r/todayilearned - TIL as late as 17th-Century Europe, masturbation was commonly employed by nannies to put their young male charges to sleep.[45] r/todayilearned - TIL as late as 17th-Century Europe, masturbation was commonly employed by nannies to put their young male charges to sleep.[45] r/todayilearned - TIL as late as 17th-Century Europe, masturbation was commonly employed by nannies to put their young male charges to sleep.[45] r/todayilearned - TIL as late as 17th-Century Europe, masturbation was commonly employed by nannies to put their young male charges to sleep.[46] The Technology of Orgasm[46] The Technology of Orgasm[46] The Technology of Orgasm[46] The Technology of Orgasm[47] The rise and fall of FGM in Victorian London[47] The rise and fall of FGM in Victorian London[47] The rise and fall of FGM in Victorian London[47] The rise and fall of FGM in Victorian London[48] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[48] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[48] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[48] 7 Crazy Things People Used To Believe About Female Hysteria[49] The Racialized History of "Hysteria" | JSTOR Daily[49] The Racialized History of "Hysteria" | JSTOR Daily[49] The Racialized History of "Hysteria" | JSTOR Daily[49] The Racialized History of "Hysteria" | JSTOR Daily[50] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/349116/[50] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/349116/[50] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/349116/[50] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/349116/[51] The Vibrator's Origin Story Is Fantastically Scandalous, But It's Also Probably Fake[51] The Vibrator's Origin Story Is Fantastically Scandalous, But It's Also Probably Fake[51] The Vibrator's Origin Story Is Fantastically Scandalous, But It's Also Probably Fake[51] The Vibrator's Origin Story Is Fantastically Scandalous, But It's Also Probably Fake[52] Photo of the Day – Whale Oil Beef Hooked | Whaleoil Media[52] Photo of the Day – Whale Oil Beef Hooked | Whaleoil Media[52] Photo of the Day – Whale Oil Beef Hooked | Whaleoil Media[52] Photo of the Day – Whale Oil Beef Hooked | Whaleoil Media[53] Definition of Paroxysm[53] Definition of Paroxysm[53] Definition of Paroxysm[53] Definition of Paroxysm[54] The History Of “Female Hysteria” And The Sex Toys Used To Treat It[54] The History Of “Female Hysteria” And The Sex Toys Used To Treat It[54] The History Of “Female Hysteria” And The Sex Toys Used To Treat It[54] The History Of “Female Hysteria” And The Sex Toys Used To Treat It[55] The Steam-Powered Vibrator and Other Terrifying Early Sex Machines NSFW[55] The Steam-Powered Vibrator and Other Terrifying Early Sex Machines NSFW[55] The Steam-Powered Vibrator and Other Terrifying Early Sex Machines NSFW[55] The Steam-Powered Vibrator and Other Terrifying Early Sex Machines NSFW[56] A man invented vibrators because doctors were tired of giving orgasms[56] A man invented vibrators because doctors were tired of giving orgasms[56] A man invented vibrators because doctors were tired of giving orgasms[56] A man invented vibrators because doctors were tired of giving orgasms[57] https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&source=web&url=https://alcoholanddrugshistorysociety.files.wordpress.com/2016/10/shad-28-2-kneale.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0m2gEcbQih7F0ZtXKhj3U3&ved=2ahUKEwiMpeXW66_iAhUSRqwKHTr8A0MQFjATegQICRAB[57] https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&source=web&url=https://alcoholanddrugshistorysociety.files.wordpress.com/2016/10/shad-28-2-kneale.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0m2gEcbQih7F0ZtXKhj3U3&ved=2ahUKEwiMpeXW66_iAhUSRqwKHTr8A0MQFjATegQICRAB[57] https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&source=web&url=https://alcoholanddrugshistorysociety.files.wordpress.com/2016/10/shad-28-2-kneale.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0m2gEcbQih7F0ZtXKhj3U3&ved=2ahUKEwiMpeXW66_iAhUSRqwKHTr8A0MQFjATegQICRAB[57] https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&source=web&url=https://alcoholanddrugshistorysociety.files.wordpress.com/2016/10/shad-28-2-kneale.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0m2gEcbQih7F0ZtXKhj3U3&ved=2ahUKEwiMpeXW66_iAhUSRqwKHTr8A0MQFjATegQICRAB[58] Selling Sex Toys: Marketing and the Meaning of Vibrators in Early Twentieth-Century America[58] Selling Sex Toys: Marketing and the Meaning of Vibrators in Early Twentieth-Century America[58] Selling Sex Toys: Marketing and the Meaning of Vibrators in Early Twentieth-Century America[58] Selling Sex Toys: Marketing and the Meaning of Vibrators in Early Twentieth-Century America[59] Nerve-vibration and Excitation as Agents in the Treatment of Functional Disorder and Organic Disease[59] Nerve-vibration and Excitation as Agents in the Treatment of Functional Disorder and Organic Disease[59] Nerve-vibration and Excitation as Agents in the Treatment of Functional Disorder and Organic Disease[59] Nerve-vibration and Excitation as Agents in the Treatment of Functional Disorder and Organic Disease[60] The secrets of specialists (1916 edition) | Open Library[60] The secrets of specialists (1916 edition) | Open Library[60] The secrets of specialists (1916 edition) | Open Library[60] The secrets of specialists (1916 edition) | Open Library[61] http://www.ramsni.com/information_links/Vibrotherapy%20Info/Vibrotherapy%20info.html[61] http://www.ramsni.com/information_links/Vibrotherapy%20Info/Vibrotherapy%20info.html[61] http://www.ramsni.com/information_links/Vibrotherapy%20Info/Vibrotherapy%20info.html[61] http://www.ramsni.com/information_links/Vibrotherapy%20Info/Vibrotherapy%20info.html[62] The Steam-Powered Vibrator and Other Terrifying Early Sex Machines NSFW[62] The Steam-Powered Vibrator and Other Terrifying Early Sex Machines NSFW[62] The Steam-Powered Vibrator and Other Terrifying Early Sex Machines NSFW[62] The Steam-Powered Vibrator and Other Terrifying Early Sex Machines NSFW[63] Chattanooga Choo-Choo: A Brief History of the Vibrator[63] Chattanooga Choo-Choo: A Brief History of the Vibrator[63] Chattanooga Choo-Choo: A Brief History of the Vibrator[63] Chattanooga Choo-Choo: A Brief History of the Vibrator[64] Sexual Neurasthenia ( Nervous Exhaustion ), Its Hygiene, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment, with a Chapter on Diet for the Nervous by George M. Beard, A.M., M.D.[64] Sexual Neurasthenia ( Nervous Exhaustion ), Its Hygiene, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment, with a Chapter on Diet for the Nervous by George M. Beard, A.M., M.D.[64] Sexual Neurasthenia ( Nervous Exhaustion ), Its Hygiene, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment, with a Chapter on Diet for the Nervous by George M. Beard, A.M., M.D.[64] Sexual Neurasthenia ( Nervous Exhaustion ), Its Hygiene, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment, with a Chapter on Diet for the Nervous by George M. Beard, A.M., M.D.[65] Let’s Talk about Sex: Victorian Anti-Masturbation Devices[65] Let’s Talk about Sex: Victorian Anti-Masturbation Devices[65] Let’s Talk about Sex: Victorian Anti-Masturbation Devices[65] Let’s Talk about Sex: Victorian Anti-Masturbation Devices[66] Female Sexuality in the Victorian Age[66] Female Sexuality in the Victorian Age[66] Female Sexuality in the Victorian Age[66] Female Sexuality in the Victorian Age[67] The Victorian Citizen’s Advice To Having A Great Sex Life[67] The Victorian Citizen’s Advice To Having A Great Sex Life[67] The Victorian Citizen’s Advice To Having A Great Sex Life[67] The Victorian Citizen’s Advice To Having A Great Sex Life[68] The struggle for married women’s rights, circa 1880s[68] The struggle for married women’s rights, circa 1880s[68] The struggle for married women’s rights, circa 1880s[68] The struggle for married women’s rights, circa 1880s[69] The humble English girl who became Cora Pearl, one of the most scandalous courtesans of the Second Empire in 19th century Paris[69] The humble English girl who became Cora Pearl, one of the most scandalous courtesans of the Second Empire in 19th century Paris[69] The humble English girl who became Cora Pearl, one of the most scandalous courtesans of the Second Empire in 19th century Paris[69] The humble English girl who became Cora Pearl, one of the most scandalous courtesans of the Second Empire in 19th century Paris[70] Birth Control in the Shadow of Empire: The Trials of Annie Besant, 1877-1878[70] Birth Control in the Shadow of Empire: The Trials of Annie Besant, 1877-1878[70] Birth Control in the Shadow of Empire: The Trials of Annie Besant, 1877-1878[70] Birth Control in the Shadow of Empire: The Trials of Annie Besant, 1877-1878[71] 7 Ways Victorian Fashion Could Kill You[71] 7 Ways Victorian Fashion Could Kill You[71] 7 Ways Victorian Fashion Could Kill You[71] 7 Ways Victorian Fashion Could Kill You[72] Crinolinemania: The dangerous Victorian fashion garment that killed around 3,000 women[72] Crinolinemania: The dangerous Victorian fashion garment that killed around 3,000 women[72] Crinolinemania: The dangerous Victorian fashion garment that killed around 3,000 women[72] Crinolinemania: The dangerous Victorian fashion garment that killed around 3,000 women[73] Victorian doctors were not using vibrators on female patients – it was even stranger than that[73] Victorian doctors were not using vibrators on female patients – it was even stranger than that[73] Victorian doctors were not using vibrators on female patients – it was even stranger than that[73] Victorian doctors were not using vibrators on female patients – it was even stranger than that[74] No, no, no! Victorians didn’t invent the vibrator | Fern Riddell[74] No, no, no! Victorians didn’t invent the vibrator | Fern Riddell[74] No, no, no! Victorians didn’t invent the vibrator | Fern Riddell[74] No, no, no! Victorians didn’t invent the vibrator | Fern Riddell[75] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[75] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[75] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[75] The History of Sex Toys Is Decadent, Depraved And Will Blow More Than Just Your Mind...[76] Historical Sex: The Victorians - disease, pornography and royal sex chairs[76] Historical Sex: The Victorians - disease, pornography and royal sex chairs[76] Historical Sex: The Victorians - disease, pornography and royal sex chairs[76] Historical Sex: The Victorians - disease, pornography and royal sex chairs[77] Good Vibrations: Medical Science Cures Hysteria[77] Good Vibrations: Medical Science Cures Hysteria[77] Good Vibrations: Medical Science Cures Hysteria[77] Good Vibrations: Medical Science Cures Hysteria[78] victorian decline in vibrator use[78] victorian decline in vibrator use[78] victorian decline in vibrator use[78] victorian decline in vibrator use[79] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.academia.edu/28556168/Balls_Cups_and_Discs_A_history_of_vibrators_and_massage_machines_1900-_1940_Dissertation_2012&ved=2ahUKEwitq5jzh7LiAhULKawKHbhXC5IQFjADegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw19o11WLSvlnweR5fW9Pg39[79] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.academia.edu/28556168/Balls_Cups_and_Discs_A_history_of_vibrators_and_massage_machines_1900-_1940_Dissertation_2012&ved=2ahUKEwitq5jzh7LiAhULKawKHbhXC5IQFjADegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw19o11WLSvlnweR5fW9Pg39[79] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.academia.edu/28556168/Balls_Cups_and_Discs_A_history_of_vibrators_and_massage_machines_1900-_1940_Dissertation_2012&ved=2ahUKEwitq5jzh7LiAhULKawKHbhXC5IQFjADegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw19o11WLSvlnweR5fW9Pg39[79] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.academia.edu/28556168/Balls_Cups_and_Discs_A_history_of_vibrators_and_massage_machines_1900-_1940_Dissertation_2012&ved=2ahUKEwitq5jzh7LiAhULKawKHbhXC5IQFjADegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw19o11WLSvlnweR5fW9Pg39[80] 11 Vintage Vibrator Ads To Make You Glad You Live In 2015[80] 11 Vintage Vibrator Ads To Make You Glad You Live In 2015[80] 11 Vintage Vibrator Ads To Make You Glad You Live In 2015[80] 11 Vintage Vibrator Ads To Make You Glad You Live In 2015[81] Vibrators were Sold in the Sears & Roebuck Catalogue[81] Vibrators were Sold in the Sears & Roebuck Catalogue[81] Vibrators were Sold in the Sears & Roebuck Catalogue[81] Vibrators were Sold in the Sears & Roebuck Catalogue[82] The buzz: how the vibrator came to be[82] The buzz: how the vibrator came to be[82] The buzz: how the vibrator came to be[82] The buzz: how the vibrator came to be[83] Hitachi Magic Wand - Wikipedia[83] Hitachi Magic Wand - Wikipedia[83] Hitachi Magic Wand - Wikipedia[83] Hitachi Magic Wand - Wikipedia[84] Charles Lasègue (1816-1883): beyond anorexie hystérique[84] Charles Lasègue (1816-1883): beyond anorexie hystérique[84] Charles Lasègue (1816-1883): beyond anorexie hystérique[84] Charles Lasègue (1816-1883): beyond anorexie hystérique

Today’s world is changing rapidly. And so is the art market. One of the things that wasn’t, true probably even 10 years ago was the fact that many artists have unprecedented access to an audience through the Internet. They also have access to researching art museums, art galleries, and other venues to exhibit their art. Another new event is the fact that artists have many websites that they can sell their artwork on. I’m a 52-year-old artist who one could say is “midcareer.” I started making enough to live off of as an artist and so I retired from a full-time day job as a professor teaching art and art history. Recently I’ve had a 75% jump in sales due to some practices that I’ve started doing. One of them is that I’ve chosen to leave brick-and-mortar gallery sites even though I had represe(more)