Jutte Michael & Molly Hierholzerjutte: Fill & Download for Free

Hi Jason, thank you for the A2A.Did people cross-train karate, jujitsu, aikido, etc in Japan centuries ago?Lets break this down a little differently:Who practiced martial arts in Japan centuries ago?What martial arts did they practice?Did they cross train?Centuries ago in Japan, the only ones who would have trained in martial arts would have been the warrior class, or samurai.The art they would have studied primarily would have been swordsmanship. This would have incorporated the long blade (katana) - the classic “samurai sword” - as well as the short sword (wakizashi) and knife (tanto).Set of samurai blades. The long one is katana, the middle one is the wakizashi, and the tanto is the smaller knife sized one.Many samurai would also have trained with the jutte, a blunt weapon primarily used to defend against the blade.Some would have become archers. Some samurai would have learned horsemanship. Some foot soldiers would have learned to use the spear or halberd (nagenata).With the extent of weapons available to them, it would have been undesirable for a samurai to fight on a hand-to-hand basis. A typical warrior would have three blades and a jutte: in order to fight hand to hand he would have to have lost the use of four weapons! However, since this was close combat, this could in fact happen, so a jujitsu like art of primarily grappling was also taught.So, the short answer to your question is that warriors would have cross trained with multiple weapons and some hand-to-hand.The rise to power of the Tokugawa Shogunate in approximately 1600 brought 268 years of peace to Japan. After 1600 the samurai of the lords opposing the Shogunate no longer had a home. Some became ronin - or mercenaries. Others became bandits. Over time, as peace set in and became the norm, the need for actual military expertise declined, and the samurai needed to find other forms of work to support themselves and their families. Many became civil servants, mayors or tax collectors. Others became merchants.The introduction of firearms to Japan further reduced the need or effectiveness of blade or arrow based military arts.When warriors were no longer needed, the samurai codified arts into iaido (the study of the blade), kendo (japanese fencing), kyudo (archery), jujitsu (hand to hand with emphasis on grappling and submissions), and other arts. Most samurai (but not all) focused on only one art. The purpose was not necessarily to be effective battlefield warriors any longer but more to perfect one’s character through perfection of technique and exacting training. The training in many of these arts was typically handed down within the samurai families.Kyudo was perhaps the earliest codified martial art, and the bow and arrow is in fact the primary image in the insignia of the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai - the very first martial arts organization in Japan.Until 1882, Jujitsu was the only codified hand-to-hand fighting system in Japan. Karate, judo, and aikido did not exist at that time. Judo did not exist until created in 1882 by Jigoro Kano.Jigoro Kano, founder of JudoAikido was not created until the 1920s by Morihei Ueshiba (often referred to as “O’Sensei”). O’Sensei, who was of small stature, created aikido after having trained in jujitsu and judo, which allowed him to be both successful against larger opponents but later to incorporate a more peaceful approach to martial arts.O’Sensei Morihei Ueshiba, founder of AikidoKarate was developed in Okinawa with substantial Chinese influence. It did not come to Japan until the 1920s when Gichin Funakoshi moved to Tokyo and Chojun Miyagi moved to the mainland (perhaps 1929).Sensei Gichin Funakoshi, founder of Shotokan karate, training with the makiwaraSensei Chojun Miyagi, Founder of Goju-ryu karateKarate, as taught in Okinawa (under the description “to-de” or “to-te” or simply “te”), incorporated empty hand combat through strikes and kicks, but also grappling and non-blade weapons (nunchaku, sai, tonfa, bo). When it was introduced in Japan, the grappling aspect of karate was narrowed. Goju-ryu, created by Miyagi Sensei, was the first form of karate recognized by the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai as a martial art in 1929.So, in summary: In Japan when technical skill was developed for the purpose of warfare, a certain amount of cross training was required. When codified into martial arts, the practice tended to become more narrow as the focus was perfection rather than battlefield prowess.Karate is not originally a Japanese martial art so it was not taught to the samurai. Judo and aikido were not developed until much later, so samurai were not taught these either.I hope this helps.Good luck with your training!

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