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How to Become a Diagnostic Medical SonographerLearn how to become a diagnostic medical sonographer. Research the job description, education, and licensing requirements to find out how to pursue a career in medical sonography.Diagnostic Medical SonographersDiagnostic medical sonographers use sophisticated equipment to project sound waves into patients' bodies and create images of their tissues for medical diagnostic purposes. Sonographers can choose from several specialization options, including abdomen, breast, vascular, and cardiac sonography. Because of the many fields available in sonography, these professionals can work in a variety of settings, from doctors' offices to medical laboratories. Most workers are hired full time, and some diagnostic medical sonographers must work graveyard and weekend shifts.Career RequirementsDegree Level: Associate or bachelor's degree; certificate programs typically for those with experienceDegree Field: Sonography or radiologic technologyLicensure and Certification: Few states require licensure; sonography certification required by many employers; basic life support (BLS) or CPR certifications typically requiredExperience: No experience outside of educational training is required for entry-level positionsKey Skills: Interpersonal, technical and detail-oriented skills; good hand-eye coordination and physical stamina; ability to operate computerized instruments and complex machinerySalary: $68,970 per year (2015 median salary for all diagnostic medical sonographers)Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Online Job Postings (August 2015)Necessary EducationAn associate or bachelor's degree is typically required to pursue employment as a diagnostic medical sonographer. Students also have the option to graduate with a degree in a related field, pursue a certificate program in diagnostic medical sonography, and then receive on-the-job training. This option is usually reserved for professionals already working in the field, such as nurses, respiratory therapists, and radiologic technologists. Most degree programs allow students to choose an area of specialization, such as abdominal sonography, obstetrics/gynecology, vascular sonography, and echocardiography. Supervised clinical experience is an essential component of the curriculum for all degree programs.For students wishing to excel in this field, it is recommended that they develop strong people and communication skills. Since diagnostic medical sonographers spend the majority of their time working closely with patients, the ability to be an effective communicator is highly regarded. While in school, students can take advantage of clinical experiences to develop people skills and learn how to interact with patients. They will also need to choose an accredited program. Students should ensure that their program has been accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP), as employment and certification are often dependent on completing an accredited program.Obtaining sonography clinical experience is important for those who have earned a degree in a related healthcare field, such as radiologic technology or nursing. During this time, one can become acquainted with the daily responsibilities of a diagnostic medical sonographer while under the supervision of an experienced professional. These clinical experiences can also prepare individuals to meet certification requirements.Additional RequirementsMost employers require that diagnostic medical sonographers be certified. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) offers diagnostic medical sonographers the opportunity to become certified in a variety of specialties, including radiation therapy, radiography, nuclear medicine technology, sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging.Through the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS), sonographers can also pursue certification, such as the registered diagnostic medical sonographer (RDMS), registered diagnostic cardiac sonographer (RDCS), registered vascular technologist (RVT), or registered in musculoskeletal (RMSK). Graduating from an accredited sonography program, completing sufficient clinical experience, and passing an exam are the main pathways to becoming certified.Only a few states require sonographers to be licensed. While state requirements can vary, a professional certification from a national credentialing organization is often required to become licensed.Registration through the ARRT must be renewed annually. Diagnostic medical sonographers must complete 24 continuing education credits every two years to remain certified. To maintain ARDMS credentials, sonographers must earn at least 30 continuing medical education (CME) credits in a 3-year period and pay an annual renewal fee.According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, diagnostic medical sonographers who are certified in more than one specialty are expected to have the most favorable job prospects. The ARDMS offers numerous specialty certifications for diagnostic medical sonographers who focus on abdominal sonography, breast sonography, obstetrics and gynecology, echocardiography, or neurosonology.Diagnostic medical sonographers are medical professionals who can specialize in a variety of different areas of the body. Becoming one requires at least the completion of a degree or certificate program in the field, clinical experience, and the completion of certification.Show me popular schoolsUltrasound & Sonography Technologies Guide1. 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Top SchoolsTop Schools for Ultrasound and Sonography TechnologyTop Physician Assistant Schools in the United States5 Things You Should Know About Diagnostic Medical SonographyDiagnostic medical sonography is a great career choice if you want to get into the medical field but don't want to become a full-fledged doctor. You get to have a lot of patient interaction and experience some important moments in patients’ lives without having to make critical medical decisions. Unfortunately, the images you are presented with about medical sonographers isn't a very complete one and most people don't even have a clear picture of what a medical sonographer does.Here are five things you should know about diagnostic medical sonography, to give you a better idea if it might be a career for you:Medical Sonography Isn’t Just for PregnancyMost people associate the profession of a diagnostic medical sonographer or an ultrasound technician with pregnancy but this career path has several different opportunities to choose from. Some of the possibilities for degree application include imaging and diagnosis for treatment of conditions in:The abdomenBreastHeartBlood VesselsMusculoskeletalThis diagnostic technology can also work with MRI, CAT scan, X-ray and other forms of diagnostic nuclear medicine to accurately detect a wide range of internal health issues. Sonography can also be very helpful, especially when used with other imaging, to perform surgical procedures more precisely and show the surgeons the internal landscape before cutting.Diagnostic Medical Sonography Pays WellThe average annual pay for someone with a degree in diagnostic medical sonography is $60,350according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The salary will vary by specialty, clinic, and location but a majority of jobs will fall within $10,000 one way or the other making it a lucrative career choice.Projected Job Growth of Diagnostic Medical SonographyAlong with great pay, this career has a great future outlook. With the increasing reliance on imaging equipment for medical diagnosis and monitoring, more people are needed to fill those roles. The average job growth is 11% from 2012 to 2020 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The diagnostic medical sonography field is predicted to have a job growth rate of 39%, which is well above average. This statistic means opportunities after graduation.What are the Minimum Requirements to Become a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer?Because sonographers work in a hospital setting, it is easy to jump to the conclusion that they spend years in school similar to doctors. In fact, that isn't the case at all. Most programs only require you to have the equivalent of an associate's degree. There are programs dedicated to a career in diagnostic medical sonography that emphasize science, anatomy and medical terminology. Most of these specialized programs will also include a clinical rotation with a certified medical sonographer for real-world, hands-on experience and observation. After completing this degree most institutions would require you to have a certification before hiring you.The American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography offers great information about the various certification exams, as well as other relevant information for current or prospective medical sonographers. Certification is typically required based on specialization. For example, abdominal sonography requires a certification, breast sonography requires a certification and so on.Medical Sonography is Physically DemandingMost of the time you’ll see on movies or TV shows videos of sonographers sitting and imaging a pregnant woman. However, this isn't always an accurate picture of everything a medical sonographer is required to do as part of their job. Most medical sonographers work full-time and even on-call or weekend hours. For this time, a medical sonographer will be on his or her feet walking to patient rooms or even standing through imaging procedures. Not only are they walking between patients but most are required to be able to lift and turn patients for imaging and those that are unable to move themselves. Some physical strength, along with proper lifting techniques are definitely going to be helpful to you in this career.If you are interested in a career in diagnostic medical sonography, contact ECPI University for program information. You could earn your Associate’s Degree in Diagnostic Medical Sonography in as little as 1.5 years through our accelerated, year-round program! It could be the Best Decision You Ever Make!How to Become a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer in TexasDoes the idea of working with some of the most advanced technology in the medical field interest you? Would you like to play an important role in helping doctors diagnosis illness? As a diagnostic medical sonographer (formerly referred to as “ultrasound technologist”) you will use sonographic (sound wave) equipment to obtain internal images of a patient’s body for evaluation by physicians.Career OverviewSonography is the use of sound waves to create internal images of the body for use in diagnosing various medical conditions. Although commonly used and widely known for its application in obstetrics, sonography is used to diagnose and guide treatment for a variety of ailments throughout the body.Diagnostic medical sonographers (a.k.a. sonographers) use sonographic equipment that carries sound waves into select areas of the body. The equipment captures the reflected echoes of body structures and creates and image that can be videotaped or photographed for evaluation and diagnosis by physicians.Duties of a Diagnostic Medical SonographerThe process begins when the sonographer explains the procedure to the patient and records his or her medical history, especially as it relates to the condition being evaluated.The sonographer then adjusts the equipment to appropriate settings and guides the patient into different positions to obtain the best view.The sonographer prepares the patient’s body by spreading a special gel on the area to be examined and then scans the patient’s body using a transducer which emits sound waves in a cone- or rectangular-shaped beam.When viewing the image, sonographers search for subtle clues to the underlying medical condition. They then capture images to show physicians for further evaluation. As per Professor Charlotte Henningsen, President of the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers, “because of the real-time nature of sonography exams, it is one of the more operator-dependent medical imaging modalities.”Aside from imaging, sonographers also update and store patient records and maintain equipment.Diagnostic Medical Sonographers may specialize in such areas as obstetrics and gynecology, abdominal sonography (kidneys, liver, spleen, and pancreas), neurosonography (images of the brain and other parts of the nervous system), vascular sonography, cardiac sonography, and breast sonography.Career OutlookAccording to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of diagnostic medical sonographers is expected to increase by about 18 percent through 2018—a rate that is faster than the average for all other occupations. This growth can be attributed to the continuing aging of the population with an increased demand for diagnostic imaging services. Growth in the field also arises from the realization by healthcare providers that the use of ultrasound equipment to diagnose illness is a safer and more cost-effective method than is the case with radiological procedures. The field is expected to evolve even further with the introduction of new sonographic equipment, enabling sonographers to scan areas of the body that have until this point not be examined.Education and Training to become a SonographerAccording to Professor Charlotte Henningsen, President of the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (SDMS), the majority of states (Texas included) have no licensing or certification requirements for diagnostic medical sonographers and it is possible to enter the field with a high school diploma. There are several pathways for entering the field of sonography; however, Professor Henningsen does acknowledge that graduation from an accredited training program along with registration through the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS), Cardiovascular Credentialing International (CCI), or American Registry for Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) is highly recommended to enhance your marketability to potential employers. As per Professor Henningsen, all of the sonography-related professional associations embrace the idea of sonographers certification as the community standard-of-care. Accredited programs also provide preparation for certification examinations that you will need to pass in order to obtain sonographer certification.The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) accredits over 190 educational programs offered by vocational schools, community colleges, and universities. Several hospital-based programs have received accreditation as well.Colleges and universities are where the majority of accredited programs are found. Coursework will include anatomy and physiology, medical instrumentation, basic physics, patient care, and medical ethics combined with extensive clinical education.There are also shorter educational programs that are acceptable to most employers. However, these programs are most appropriate for those who are already employed within a healthcare career seeking to transition into the field of sonography.View a list of schools in Texas offering programs in diagnostic medical sonography.Certification RequirementsAs per Professor Henningsen of the SDMS, there are currently limited certification requirements to work as a diagnostic medical sonographer. However, those who wish to enter this field are strongly encouraged to seek accredited sonography programs and obtain sonographer credentials. Most employers prefer to hire registered sonographers since this provides objective evidence of a candidate’s knowledge and professional standing. The profession is also seeking to establish stricter standards for entry as the field of sonography continues to evolve with the introduction of new technology.Diagnostic Medical Sonographers may become registered by passing two examinations administered by the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS): 1) the Sonography Principles and Instrumentation (SPI) examination; 2) an additional exam chosen from such specialties as vascular, cardiac, breast, abdominal, and neurosonography.Upon passing both exams you will certified as a Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS) by ARDMS. According to Professor Henningsen, there are currently 70,000 Diagnostic Medical Sonographers registered through this agency which is the organization that credentials the large majority of sonographers; however, CCI and ARRT also provide sonography certification examinations.Eligibility to sit for the exams:You may sit for the SPI exam upon successfully completion of ultrasound physics and instrumentation courses.You will not be eligible to sit for one of the specialty exams until you have graduated from a training program.Overview of Application Process for the SPI and specialty exams:You must first register with ARDMS before having access to the online application. When completing the application be sure to use your full legal name. You may pay the application processing fee of $200. online but must mail all supporting documents to ARDMS.Supporting documentation to sit for the SPI includes a transcript showing proof that you have passed two ultrasound physics courses, along with non-expired government issued photo identification.For graduates of accredited two year programs (60 semester credits) located in the U.S or Canada applying to take one of the specialty exams, supporting documentation includes:Copy of your school diploma or an official transcript andOriginal letter signed by program/medical director attesting to date of graduation and successful completion of the program andAn original signed and completed clinical verification (CV) form for each specialty area, if applicable, must be submitted. The CV form is not required if the application is submitted and received by ARDMS within one year of program graduation andPhotocopy of non-expired government issued Identification with your signature. The name on the ID card must match exactly the name you indicate on your test application form.For those who did not graduate from an accredited two year program or who have additional professional experience, visit http://www.ardms.org/Prerequisite.asp and complete the online questionnaire to determine your documentation requirements.ARDMS will review your documentation and compare your education and clinical experience to one of the published examination prerequisites and/or requirements.ARDMS will send eligible applicants an Examination Confirmation Letter within two to four weeks following submission of your application and all supporting documents to the ARDMS office. The letter will indicate the exam you are approved to take and notify you of the 90 day period during which the exam must be scheduled at an approved testing site.A Web site address and toll-free number will be provided so you may schedule an appointment to test. All examinations are administered online using Pearson VUE test centers located throughout the United States. New users will need to create a new web account with Pearson VUE. Once your web account is created, the username and password will be used to schedule all future examinations.You will be notified of your preliminary examination score immediately upon completing the exam. ARDMS will also be sent the score electronically. The results are subject to review and acceptance by ARDMS.Upon passing the exam ARDMS will grant the Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS), Registered Diagnostic Cardiac Sonographer (RCDS), and/or the Registered Vascular Technologist (RVT) credential and you will receive a certification packet with temporary ARDMS Identification (ID) card and an official letter within six weeks. Your name will be printed on the certificate exactly as you recorded it on your application. The official ARDMS ID card is sent at a later date.Once you pass both exams, you will then be listed in the ARDMS online directory with your two letter state code so that potential employers can verify your credential.Additional information on ARDMS exams may be found at www.ARDMS.org/practiceexams.For comprehensive information on the ARDMS exams and application process, refer to the Application Booklet which can be found at http://www.ardms.org/downloads/app.pdf.For details regarding certification requirements through CCI, visit http://www.cci-online.org/content/certified-cardiographic-technician-cctFor details regarding certification requirements through ARRT visit, https://www.arrt.org/pdfs/Disciplines/Handbooks/RAD-Handbook.pdfCareer AdvancementDiagnostic Medical Sonographers can seek advancement by obtaining multiple credentials. For example, cardiac sonographers might seek certification in the area of neurosonogrpahy to broaden their career options and enhance their marketability to potential employers. Sonographers may also advance into management roles supervising the role of other sonographers.Salary of Diagnostic Medical SonographersThe following are median entry-level salaries of diagnostic medical sonographers in select Texas cities:Austin: $57,659-$60,744Dallas: $60,385-$63,315Fort Worth: $59,840-$$63,041Houston: $60,082-$63,296San Antonio: $56,085-$59,085Salary.com updated May 2011View a list of schools in Texas offering programs in diagnostic medical sonography.wikiHow to Become an Ultrasound TechnicianTwo Parts:Meeting the Educational RequirementsGetting Certified and Finding a JobCommunity Q&AUltrasound technicians use ultrasound technology to examine the health of organs as well as developing fetuses in the womb. They play a crucial role in aiding doctors with diagnosis and treatment of medical problems, and help to ensure the health of the mother and fetus during a pregnancy. To become an ultrasound technician, it's necessary to study human anatomy and receive training in using ultrasound technology. If you want to know more about how to become an ultrasound technician, keep reading.Part1Meeting the Educational Requirements1Get a high school diploma. You'll need a high school diploma or GED in order to enroll in the educational programs that prepare you to become an ultrasound technician. As part of your prep for a career as an ultrasound technician, study math, English, computer science, health, and both the physical and life sciences as part of your high school curriculum.2Complete an accredited Ultrasound Technician program. Find a program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP), and get your Associate's Degree or complete a postgraduate certificate program.If you're shifting careers in the health care industry, or you're a high-school graduate, you can take a one-year program. These fast-track programs generally reward you with a vocational certificate.Two-year programs are the most popular, and when you complete the two years (one to one and a half years if you have taken many of the prerequisite courses), you will earn an associate's degree.You can also take a four year program, and graduate with a bachelors degree.Stay away from eight week or six month programs. Not only do they not prepare you adequately for a career as an ultrasound technician, but it will hardly matter as you will not be competitive in the job market.Note that some colleges may require you to complete a Certified Nursing Associate (CNA) course before being accepted into a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (DMS) program.If you already have a Bachelor’s degree or Associate’s degree and want to become an ultrasound technician, the diploma program may be the best option.Each program has different requirements, and the previously earned degrees may or may not have to be in a related field like Radiologic Technology, Nuclear Medicine or an Allied Health disciplineDiploma programs offer you the opportunity to expand your career options by adding Diagnostic Medical Sonography to your expertiseThe previous degree earned and the program requirements will determine how long it takes to complete the program, but it usually take 12-18 monthsYou may need to complete prerequisite courses depending on your previously earned degreeAlways choose a CAAHEP accredited diploma programEarning a Master’s degree in Diagnostic Medical Sonography can open up many new career options. If you are interested in moving into administration, teaching, research, publishing or a position in private industry, this is the degree to pursue.You must have a Bachelor’s degree to apply to a Master’s degree programThe program is designed to be completed in 12-15 monthsYou may have to take additional courses that are not part of the Master’s degree program’s core curriculum, which adds to the time it takes to complete the programAlways attend a CAAHEP accredited programClinical training may have to be completed.3Get clinical training. While you're enrolled in a program, you'll have opportunities to take internships that provide hands-on clinical experience.[1] You'll learn ultrasound skills in a health care setting and have the opportunity to put what you've learned into practice.You can receive additional training at professional conferences and continuing education opportunities.Work on gathering enough hours to take the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS) exams.[2]Part2Getting Certified and Finding a Job1Take the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS) exams.[3] These are not required for ultrasound technicians, but you will greatly increase your marketability—and in turn, your paycheck—by successfully completing these exams and becoming a certified ultrasound technician or Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS).The exams include two parts: a general physics section and a sub-specialty of your choice (ob-gyn, abdominal, etc.).Take as many exams as you want to get extra certifications that will let you specialize in certain fields.2Apply for jobs. You've gone through the training, taken the tests, and now you're officially a Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer. Look for job openings at hospitals, doctor's offices and health clinics in your area.

Thanks for A2A but I think institute has provided answer in detail ,Pls go through the same!The Institute of Cost Accountants of India(Statutory body under an Act of Parliament)Career ProspectsProfessional Avenues In this globalised world, organizations require professionals such as Cost Accountants (CMAs) who have specialized knowledge on business strategy and value creation. The Cost Accountant being the foundation on which the enterprises are built, the specialized education and training by the Institute make the Cost Accountant a multi-faceted professional. CMAs are driving force in all economic activities, as they are the value creator, value enabler, value preserver and value reporter.Cost Accountants are in great demand in government sector, private sector, banking & finance sector, developmental agencies, education, training & research sector as well as in service and public utility sector. Further, in view of their specialized knowledge and training, CMAs may hold top management position in public and private sectors’ enterprises like Chairman cum Managing Directors, Managing Director, Finance Director, Financial Controller, Chief Financial Officer, Cost Controller, Marketing Manager and Chief Internal Auditor and other important positions.Those CMAs managing their own businesses have found themselves as a Manager and as an Accountant can control and thereby flourish their businesses. There is no doubt that a Cost Accountant can attain the highest ladder of professional career.There is a sustained demand for qualified, trained and experienced cost accountants in India and abroad in different industries and Government Departments. Many members of the Institute are also engaged in providing professional and cost consultancy services and in teaching cost and management accountancy in Universities and Colleges.Cost accountancy edges over financial accounting. Cost accounting promotes study and adoption of scientific methods to secure maximum efficiency in industrial, commercial and other spheres, as compared to financial accounting. Financial accounting mainly draws conclusions on the basis of post facto data long after the operations are put through and expenditure were incurred enabling score keeping or at best statistical analysis. Therefore, role of cost accountants go beyond a financial accountant and they help the management in regulating production operations and processes of production.The members of the Institute are the driving force in the team of management while in employment, and as Cost Auditors, Internal Auditors, Auditors in case of VAT, Excise, SEBI, NSDL and under other statutes/ Regulatory requirements, Advisors and Consultants in practice. There are several areas of practice available for Cost Accountants, a list of which is given below:Independent practiceThere is vast scope for practice by a Cost Accountant for which he has to obtain Practice Certificate from the Institute. Details in this regard are available in the “Membership Section” of the Institute website: http://www.cmaicmai.in/external/Home.aspx. A Cost Accountant may set up the practice at his own as Proprietor or set up a new partnership firm with like-minded Cost Accountants in practice or may be admitted as new partner in the existing firm of Cost Accountants in practice. His clientele include private and public companies, large, medium and small scale undertakings, partnership and proprietary concerns, industrial, commercial and service undertakings etc. For practicing Cost Accountants the Institute issued suggested fees guidelines, which may be seen athttp://icmai.in/upload/pd/Cost_Audit_Fee_of_ICWAI.pdfThere are several areas of practice available for Cost Accountants, which are as follows:Professional Avenues for CMAs in PracticeS. No.Statute/AuthorityDescriptionAAudit Assignments(i)Central Goods & Services Tax Act, 2017Audit of Accounts & Records under Section 35(5) of Central Goods & Service Tax Act, 2017.Special Audit under Section 66(1) of Central Goods & Service Tax Act, 2017.Access to business premises under Section 71.(ii)Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC)Special Audit under Section 14A & 14AA of the Central Excise Act, 1944 of Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC).Special Audit in certain cases under Section 11 of Customs Act, 1962, as authorized by Central Board Excise and Customs.(iii)Companies Act, 2013 Section 148 (2)Vide Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014, G.S.R. No. 425 (E) dated 1st July, 2014 under section 148(2), ibid Cost Accountants are exclusively authorized to appoint as Cost Auditor and conduct Cost Audit as per the provisions of the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014.(iv)Companies Act, 2013 Section 138 (1)Section 138(1) of the Companies Act, 2013 empowers the Cost Accountants/Firms of Cost Accountant to conduct the Internal Audit of the Class of Companies. Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 issued by the Government vide GSR 239 (E) dated 31st March, 2014 defines the class of companies in which the Cost Accountants/Firms of Cost Accountant can be appointed/empanelled as Internal Auditor.(v)Ministry of FinanceSpecial Audit under Customes Act, 1962 vide Circular no. 88/98-Customs., Dated 02/12/1998 issued by Ministry of Finance, Department of Revenue for Liberalisation of bonding procedures in respect of 100% EOUs;(vi)Ministry of Health & Family WelfareInternal Audit/Concurrent Audit under National Health Mission (NHM) as empowered by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi.(vii)Ministry of Road Transport and HighwaysModel Concession Agreement (MCA) on infrastructure for PPP Projects in Highways empowered by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.(viii)National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)Stock audit for Working Capital Finance as prescribed by National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).(ix)National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL)Internal and Concurrent Audit for depository operations under National Securities Depository Ltd (NSDL).(x)Respective Bank CircularsStock Audit, Concurrent Audit, Forensic Audit and other professional services of various Public Sector and Private Sector Banks in India. Please referAnnexure – I.(xi)State Co-operative Societies ActFinancial Audit of Cooperative Societies in states Maharashtra, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh and West Bengal.(xii)State Co-operative Societies ActSpecial Audit i.e. Cost Audit and Performance Audit of co-operative societies under the respective Co-operative Societies Act of West Bengal, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Punjab, and Delhi.(xiii)Respective State Govt. CircularsInternal Audit in various State Public Sector Enterprises in Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh & Odisha.(xiv)Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI)Half-yearly Internal Audit of Stock Brokers and Credit Rating Agencies as prescribed by Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI).(xv)Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI)Stock Brokers and Credit Rating Agencies as prescribed by Securities Exchange Board of India.(xvi)Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI)Internal audit of Registrars to an Issue / Share Transfer Agents (RTAs) .(xvii)Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)Audit for Metering and Billing Accuracy – authorised to conduct audit for Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).(xviii)Various State VAT Act/ RulesStatutory Auditors under Value Added Tax Act of States. Please referAnnexure – II.BCertification Areas(i)Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Department of Industrial Policy and PromotionCertificate for verification of Local content in case of procurement for a value in excess of Rs. 10 Crores. ( Order No. P-45021/2/2017-B.E.-II dated 15th June, 2017 on Public Procurement (Preference to Make in India), Order, 2017).(ii)Companies Act, 2013Certifying e-forms which are to be filled by companies under Companies Act and Rules.(iii)Central Excise Act, 1944Certificate of Cost of production of captively consumed goods as per Rule 8 of Central Excise Act, 1944 in accordance with Cost Accounting Standard CAS – 4 issued by the Institute.(iv)Central Excise Valuation (Determination of Price of Excisable Goods) Rules, 2000Certificate for Average Cost of Transportation as per Rule 5 of the Central Excise Valuation (Determination of Price of Excisable Goods) Rules, 2000.(v)Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)Certification of various forms prescribed under the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC).(vi)Customs Act, 1962Certificate towards the amount of duty paid on the materials used for the manufacture of exported goods as indicated in Forms DBK-I,II, IIA,III, IIIA under Customs Act, 1962.(vii)Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity (DAVP)Certificate towards the authenticated figures of circulation, as per the Annexure XII of the DAVP guidelines representing a statement signed by the both publisher and Cost Accountant with their officials seals giving the details of newsprint and ink stored and consumed during the period.(viii)Fertilizer Industry Coordination Committee (FICC)Certificate of product wise position of production dispatches stock etc. for the year (Annexure III–A) under FICC.(ix)Fertilizer Industry Coordination Committee (FICC)Issuance of various certificates as prescribed by Fertilizer Industry Coordination Committee (FICC) in respect of certifying Cost Data for Subsidy Scheme, Transportation Claims, Escalation Claims and Equalize Freight Claims.(x)Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999Valuation Certificate under Notification No. FEMA.298/2014-RB: Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer of Issue of Security by a Person Resident Outside India) (Third Amendment) Regulations, 2014 dated 13th March, 2014.(xi)Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA)Certification of Application for License and renewal thereof to act as Surveyor and Loss Assessor under Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA)(xii)Ministry of Commerce and IndustryIssuance of various certificates under Foreign Trade Policy & Procedures 2015-20 and Aayat Niryat (Import and Export) Forms (ANF). Vide http://F.No.01/94/180/468-Appendices/AM12/PC4 dated 11th October 2012, Cost Accountants are authorized to authenticate various forms and statements, under Foreign Trade Policy & Procedures 2015-20 issued by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Please referAnnexure – III.(xiii)Ministry of Commerce and IndustryCertifying Performa CI & C2 under Anti–Dumping as prescribed by Ministry of Commerce & Industry.(xiv)Ministry of Commerce and IndustryCertifying Statement of cost of production for Anti-dumping petition to Government of India.(xv)Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public DistributionAnnual utilization certificate under Incentive Scheme for New Sugar Factories and Expansion Projects vide Notification No. F.3 (4)/89-PC/Vol.IV of Ministry of Food Dated 28th February, 1997.(xvii)Ministry of TextileCertificate of fulfillment of Hank Yarn obligation for Textile Industry and Textile Committee Cess – Monthly Return in Form – A.(xviii)National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA)Certification of various Forms as mentioned in SECOND SCHEDULE of Drugs (Prices Control) Order, 1995;(xix)Reserve Bank of India (RBI)Compliance Certificate of Reserve Bank of India for Scheduled Banks/ Urban Development Banks/ Urban Co-operative Banks in respect of Consortium Arrangement / Multiple Banking Arrangements.(xx)Reserve Bank of India (RBI)Valuation Certificate as per RBI Circular No.2006-2007/224 DBOD.BP.BC No. 50 / 21.04.018/ 2006-07 dated January 4, 2007 for valuation of different classes of assets (e.g. land and building, plant and machinery, agricultural land, etc.)(xxi)Rubber Board Rubber Rules, 1955Certifying half yearly return in Form ‘N’ for Quantity of Rubber purchased & consumed by manufacturers under rule 33 (f) of the Rubber Rules, 1955.(xxii)Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)Reporting and Audit for System on Accounting Separation- Certification Work Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).(xxiii)e-MudhraJoin us as a Partner for issuing e-Mudhra Digital Certificates. http://e-mudhra.com/portal/Partner.aspx(xxiv)Ministry of Finance, Department of ExpenditureCertification regarding average annual financial turnover of bidder :Annexure 9 Sample Prequalification Criteria of Manual for Procurement of Goods 2017CCompanies Act, 2013(i)Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014As per Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014, the class of companies which also include foreign companies, are required to maintain “Cost Records”. Cost accountant in practice may assist the company to maintain the Cost Records as per the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014.(ii)Section 2(38)An expert who has the power or authority to issue a certificate in pursuance of any law for the time being in force.(iii)Section 7(1)(b)Declaration in the prescribed form no. INC.8. form no.INC 14 that the memorandum and articles have been drawn as per the provisions and in conformity.(iv)Form DIR – 12Sections 7(1)(c), 168 & 170(2) and rule 17 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014 and 8, 15 & 18 of the Companies (Appointment and Qualification of Directors) Rules, 2014 – Particulars of appointment of Directors and the Key Managerial Personnel and the changes among them in form no. DIR 12.(v)Form INC – 14Declaration that the draft memorandum and articles of association have been drawn up in conformity with the provisions of section 8 in form No. INC.14.(vi)Form INC – 21Section 11(1)(a) read with Rule 24 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014- Declaration prior to commencement of business or exercising borrowing powers in form No. INC 21.(vii)Form INC – 22Section 12(2) & (4) and Rule 25 and 27 of The Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014- Notice of situation or change of situation of registered office in form no. INC 22.(viii)Form – PAS 3Section 39(4) and 42 (9) and Rule 12 and 14 Companies (Prospectus and Allotment of Securities) Rules, 2014- Return of Allotment in form no. PAS 3.(ix)Form – SH7Section 64(1) and pursuant to Rule 15 of the Companies (Share Capital & Debentures) Rules, 2014 - Notice to Registrar of any alteration of share capital in form no. SH 7.(x)Form – CHG 9Sections 71(3), 77, 78 & 79 and pursuant to Section 384 read with 71(3), 77, 78 and 79 and Rule 3 of The Companies (Registration of charges) Rules 2014 Application for registration of creation or modification of charge for debentures or rectification of particulars filed in respect of creation or modification of charge for debentures in form no. CHG 9.(xi)Form – CHG 1Sections 77, 78 and 79 and pursuant to Section 384 read with 77, 78 and 79 andRule 3(1) of the Companies (Registration of Charges) Rules 2014- Registration of creation, modification of charge (other than those related to debentures) including particulars of modification of charge by Asset Reconstruction Company in terms of Securitization and Reconstruction of Finance Assets and Enforcement of Securities Act, 2002 (SARFAESI) in form no. CHG 1.(xii)Form – CHG 4Section 82(1) and Rule 8(1) of the Companies (Registration of charges) Rules 2014- Particulars of satisfaction of charges thereof in form no. CHG 4.(xiii)Form – MGT 14Section 94(1), 117(1) and section 192 – The Companies Act, 1956- Filing of resolutions and agreements to the Registrar in form no. MGT 14.(xiv)Section 137Under form no. AOC – 4 disclosures of related party transactions.(xv)Section 143Report to the Central Government if a fraud is being or has been committed against the company by officers or employees of the company.(xvi)Section 149(4)Section 149 (4) read with Rule 5 of the Companies (Appointment and Qualification of Directors) Rules, 2014: Independent Director Possess skills, experience and knowledge in one or more fields inter alia finance to be an Independent Director.(xvii)Section 153Section 153 and & Rule 9(1) of The Companies (Appointment and Qualification of Directors) Rules, 2014 & Rule 10 of Limited Liability Partnership Rules, 2009: Digital verification of the Form DIR-3: Application for allotment of Director Identification Number(xviii)Section 196Section 196 read with Section 197 and Schedule V of the Companies Act, 2013 and pursuant to Rule 3 of the Companies (Appointment and Remuneration of Managerial Personnel) Rules 2014- Return of appointment of key managerial personnel in form no. MR 1(xix)Section 196, 197, 200, 201(1), 203(1)Section 196, 197, 200, 201(1), 203(1) and Schedule V & Rule 7 of the Companies (Appointment and Remuneration of Managerial Personnel) Rules 2014- Form of application to the Central Government for approval of appointment and remuneration or increase in remuneration or waiver for excess or over payment to Managing Director or Whole Time Director or Manager and commission or remuneration to Directors in form no. MR 2.(xx)Section 232(7)Declaration of compliance alongwith Statement to be filed with Registrar of Companies.(xxi)Section 247(1)Eligible to apply for being registered as a valuer.(xxii)Section 259(1)Appointment as Company Administrator by the tribunal.(xxiii)Section 275(1)Appointment as Company liquidator for winding up of the Company.(xxiv)Section 366Application by a company for registration in Form No. URC–1.(xxv)Section 409(3)Appointment as Technical person of Tribunal (15 years of experience is required)(xxvi)Section 432Appearance in the Tribunal for public examination of promoters/directors.(xxvii)Section 455(1)Section 455(1) read with Rule 3 of The Companies (Miscellaneous) Rules, 2014 – Application to Registrar for obtaining the status of dormant company in form no. MSC 1(xxviii)Section 455(5)Section 455(5) and Rule 7 and 8 of the Companies (Miscellaneous) Rules, 2014- Return of dormant companies in form no. MSC 3.(xxix)Rule 5(2)Nidhi Rules, 2014- Return of statutory compliances in form no. NDH 1.(xxx)Rule 5(3)Nidhi Rules, 2014- Application for extension of time in form no. NDH 2.(xxxi)Rule 21Nidhi Rules, 2014- Half yearly return in form no. NDH 3.(xxxii)Rule 8(8)As per Companies (Registration Offices and Fees) Rules, 2014, documents or form or application filed may contain a power of attorney issued to Cost Accountant.(xxxiii)Form GNL – 1Rule 12(2) of the companies (Registration offices and Fees) Rules, 2014- Form for filing an application with Registrar of Companies in form no. GNL 1.(xxxiv)Form GNL – 3Rule 12(3) of the Companies (Registration offices and Fees) Rules, 2014 – Particulars of person(s) or key managerial personnel charged or specified for the purpose of sub-clause (iii) or (iv) of clause 60 of Section 2 in form no. GNL 3.(xxxv)Rule 20(3)(ix)Rule 20(3)(ix) of the Companies (Management and Administration) Rules, 2014: Scrutinizer for supervising the Voting through electronic means (e-voting) process.(xxxvi)Form INC – 28Rule 31 of Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014 – Notice of the order of the Court or any other competent authority in form no. INC – 28.DOther Statutory Work(i)Calcutta High CourtValuer: Members can now apply directly as ‘Valuer’ for empanelment of Calcutta High Court.(ii)Securities and Exchange Board of India Infrastructure Investment Trusts Regulations, 2014Authorized to act as “Valuer” in respect of financial valuation under section 2(zzf) of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Infrastructure Investment Trusts Regulations, 2014 as amended on 30.11.2016.(iii)Securities and Exchange Board of India (Real Estate Investment Trusts) Regulations, 2014Authorized to act as “Valuer” in respect of financial valuation under section 2(zz) of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Real Estate Investment Trusts) Regulations, 2014 as amended on 30.11.2016.(iv)Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT): CBDT vide their Notification no. S.O. 2670(E) recognized Cost Accountants as e-return intermediaries;(v)Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC)Accepting of services of the Cost Accountant’s may also be considered by the respective Commissionrates depending upon the extent of complexity of the cases as provided under Circular No.04/2006 dated 12th January, 2006 modified and its inclusion in the assessed value as extended cost of transportation;(vi)Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC)Audit of accounts of SEZ developer as directed by the Commissioner of Customs/Central Excise [refer Circular No. 52/2002-Customs dated 14th August, 2002];(vii)Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC)Certified Facilitation Centers (CFCs) – under ACES-CBEC Scheme: As per MOU with CBEC, Ministry of Finance, Cost Accountants in whole-time practice are authorized to set up Certified Facilitation Centers (CFCs) under Certified Facilitation Centre Scheme in filing various Excise and Service Tax Returns under the provisions of Central Excise Act and Service Tax Act;(viii)Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC)Computation of freight of time chartered/daughter vessel and its inclusion in the assessed value as extended cost of transportation [refer Circular No.04/2006 dated 12th January, 2006].(ix)Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC)Custom Broker: Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC) Amended Customs Brokers Licensing Regulations, 2013 and included the Cost Accountant qualification for Customs Brokers Examination to be held from the year 2017 onwards;(x)Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC)Ministry of Finance amended Circular No.18/2010 Customs dated 08.07.2010 vide Circular No 01/ 2012-Customs dated 5th January 2012 to authorize inter alia Cost Accountants to issue a certificate, certifying that burden of 4% CVD has not been passed on by the importers to any other person;(xi)Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC)The Commissioner of Customs/Central Excise may direct the concerned developer to get his accounts audited by a Cost Accountant nominated by him in this behalf. The expenses of and incidental to such audit shall be borne by the concerned developer, vide Circular No. 52/2002-Customs dated 14th August, 2002;(xii)Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC)Under Rules 6 and 7 of the Customs and Central Excise Duties Drawback Rules, 1995, the exporters may be asked to furnish the purchase invoice as to the procurement of the raw hides/wet blue leather. They should also furnish a certificate inter alia from the Cost Accountant as to the consumption and cost of processing chemicals used for its processing and other incidental overhead charges incurred;(xiii)Customs Act, 1962Certification of refund of additional duty of Customs on the goods imported for subsequent sale under Indian Customs Act;(xiv)Central Excise Valuation (Determination of Price of Excisable Goods) Rules, 2000Valuation Certificate for Cost of goods produced for Captive Consumption, in accordance with Cost Accounting Standard CAS – 4 issued by the Institute, under Rule 8 of the Central Excise Valuation (Determination of Price of Excisable Goods) Rules, 2000;(xv)Central Excise Valuation (Determination of Price of Excisable Goods) Rules, 2000Certificate for Average Cost of Transportation, in accordance with Cost Accounting Standard CAS – 5 issued by the Institute, under Rule 5 of the Central Excise Valuation (Determination of Price of Excisable Goods) Rules, 2000;(xvi)Customs Valuation (Determination of Value of Export Goods) Rules, 2007Under Rule 5 of Customs valuation (Determination of Value of Export Goods) Rules, 2007, the proper officer shall give due consideration to the cost-certificate issued by a Cost Accountant;(xvii)Customs Act, 1962Under the Fixation of brand rate of Drawback without pre-verification – Simplified procedure Scheme, unless there are any special reasons, drawback rates are to be fixed without pre-verification of the date filed, (which should be duly verified by the applicant and Cost Accountant or Chartered Accountant or Chartered Engineers) and the exporter would be authorised by provisional brand rate letters issued by the Ministry to claim the drawback rate considered admissible from the concerned Customs House(s);(xviii)Indian Council of ArbitrationAs Arbitrator: The Indian Council of Arbitration authorizes Cost Accountants and Cost Accounting Firms for empanelment in the panel of arbitrators under the category of financial experts;(xix)Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016Regulation 5 and 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Insolvency Professionals) Regulations, 2016authorized to act as an Insolvency Professional as per the section 206 and 207 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016;(xx)Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident Outside India) Regulations, 2017Regulation 11 of the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident Outside India) Regulations, 2017 authorises Cost Accountant in practice for valuation of capital instruments of an Indian company and also under Schedule 2 - Purchase/ Sale of capital instruments of a listed Indian company on a recognised stock exchange in India by Foreign Portfolio Investors and Schedule 6 - Investment in a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) for valuation on an arm’s length basis as per pricing methodology.(xxi)Companies (Registered Valuers and Valuation) Rules, 2017Under Annexure IV of the Companies (Registered Valuers and Valuation) Rules, 2017, the Member of the Institute of Cost Accountants of India are recognised as Registered Valuer for valuation of Securities or Financial Assets.(xxii)Indian Banks Association (IBA)Recognized Firms of Cost Accountants for Empanelment as Forensic Auditor for frauds.Reserve Bank of India mandated that in respect of all borrowing arrangement exceeding Rs. 500 crores, an Independent Evaluation Committee (IEC) would carry out an evaluation of the Techno-Economic Viability (TEV) and the proposed restructuring package. Number of Cost Accountants are members of “Independent Evaluation Committees (IEC) “.Advised all members Banks to engage Cost Accountants/Firms of Cost Accountants for Stock Audit and Risk Based Internal Audit and other Banking operations.(xxiii)Maharashtra unaided Private Professional Educational ( Regulation of Admissions and Fees ) Act,2015Member of Fee Regulating Authority under Maharashtra unaided Private Professional Educational ( Regulation of Admissions and Fees ) Act,2015EAppearance as an Authorized Representative(i)Companies Act, 2013(a) Right to legal representation: Section 432 of the Companies Act 2013;(b) Rights of a party to appear before the Bench: Regulation 19(2) of Company Law Board Regulations, 1991;(ii)Competition Commission of India (CCI)(a) Appearance before Commission:Section 35 of the Competition (Amendment) Act, 2007;(b) Right to legal representation: Appeal to the Appellate Tribunal: Section 53(1) of the Competition (Amendment) Act, 2007;(iii)Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC)(a) Appearance by Authorized Representative: Section 35Q of the Central Excises Act, 1944;(b) Appearance by Authorized Representative: Section 146A of the Customs Act, 1962;(c) Appearance by Authorized Representative: Rule 2(c) of Customs, Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal (Procedure) Rules, 1982;(iv)Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)Authority to represent before the Commission: vide Notification No. 8/ (1)/99/CERC dated 27th August, 1999;(v)Depositories Act, 1996Right to Legal Representations: Section 23C, Explanation (c) of Depositories Act, 1996;(vi)Income Tax Act, 1961Appearance by Authorized Representative:Section 288 of the Income Tax Act 1961 read with Rule 50 of the Income Tax Rules, 1962;(vii)Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016Right to legal representation: Section 56 of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016;(viii)Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI)Right to Legal Representations: Clause 22C under Conditions for listing: Chapter IV of Listing of Securities;(ix)Service TaxAppearance by Authorized Representative:Section 96D (5) of the Service Tax Act 1994;(x)Special Economic Zone (SEZ)Rights of appellant to appear before the Board: Rule 61 of the Special Economic Zone Rules 2006;(xi)Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)Right to Legal Representation before Appellate Tribunal as per Section 17 of TRAI Act, 1997;(xii)Value Added Tax Acts/ RulesCost Accountants are authorized to appear before authorities under VAT Acts/ Rules of various State Government(s).(xiii)Central Goods & Services Tax Act, 2017.Appearance by authorized representative under Section 116 of Central Goods & Services Tax Act, 2017.FReserve Bank of India(a)For Valuation of Properties - Empanelment of Valuers. (Circular no. RBI No.2006-2007/224 DBOD.BP.BC No. 50/21.04.018/ 2006-07 January 4, 2007).(b)For certification of borrowal companies in respect of Lending under Consortium Arrangement/ Multiple Banking Arrangements. (Circular No. RBI/2008-2009/379 DBOD. No. BP.BC.110/08.12.001/2008-09 dated 10thFebruary, 2009).(c)For certification of borrowal companies in respect of Lending under Consortium Arrangement / Multiple Banking Arrangements. (Circular No. RBI/2008-2009/382 UBD. PCB.No. 49 /13.05.000/2008-09 dated 12thFebruary, 2009)(d)In respect of the Forensic Scrutiny – Guidelines for prevention of frauds (Circular no. RBI/2010-11/555 DBS. CO.FrMC.BC.No.10/ 23.04.001/2010-11 dated 31stMay, 2011 read with Circular no. RBI/2008-09/508 DBS.CO.FrMC.Bc.No.8 /23.04.001/2008-09 dated June 24, 2009 on Frauds in borrowal accounts having multiple banking arrangements and Circular no. RBI/2008-2009/183 DBOD No BP BC 46 / 08.12.001/2008-09 dated September 19, 2008 on Lending under Consortium Arrangement/ Multi Banking Arrangements).(e)For Certificate indicating fair price of capital contribution/profit share of an LLP and a valuation certificate- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) (Circular no. RBI/201314/566 A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 123 dated April 16, 2014).(f)For Certificate in respect of Foreign Investment in India (Circular no. RBI/2014-15/6 Master Circular No.15/2014-15 July 01, 2014 (Amended upto February 09, 2015).(g)For certification in respect of Loans and Advances – Statutory and Other Restrictions for Lending under Consortium Arrangement/Multiple Banking Arrangement (Circular no. RBI/2014-15/64 DBOD.No.Dir.BC. 16/13.03.00/2014-15 July 1, 2014).(h)For Certification in respect of Guarantees, Co-Acceptances & Letters of Credit – UCBs (Circular no. RBI/2013-14/19 UBD.BPD.(PCB) MC No.4/09.27.000/2013-14 July 1, 2013).(i)For Certification in respect of Management of Advances – UCBs for Exchange of information–Lending under Consortium Arrangement/Multiple Banking Arrangements (Circular No.RBI/2014-15/21 UBD.BPD.(PCB) MC No.5/13.05.000/2014-15 July 1, 2014).(j)Valuation Certificate in respect of Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer of Issue of Security by a Person Resident Outside India) (Third Amendment) Regulations, 2014 (Notification No. FEMA.298/2014-RB: dated 13th March, 2014).(k)Valuation Certificate for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) under Master Circular No. 15/2014-15 dated 1st July, 2014.Cost Accountants in Employment:As mentioned in the beginning, the Cost Accountants are most sought in the business world. There services are deemed vital in investment planning, profit planning, project management and overall managerial decision making process. Many members of the Institute are occupying the top positions in the organizations, as Chairman & Managing Director, Managing Director, Finance Director, Financial Controller, Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Cost Controller, Marketing Manager and Chief Internal Auditor etc.Cost Accountants in Government Department:Realising the importance of the profession of the Cost and Management Accountancy in the economic development of the nation, the Central Government has constituted an all-India cadre known as Indian Cost Accounts Service (ICoAS) at par with other Class-I services such as IAS, IFS etc. to advise the government in cost pricing and in framing the appropriate fiscal and tax policies.Cost Accountants in Education:University Grants Commission (UGC) has notified “UGC Regulations on Minimum Qualifications for Appointment of Teachers and Other Academic Staff in Universities and Colleges and Measures for the Maintenance of Standards in Higher Education, 2010 vide its Circular No. F.3-1/2009 dated 30th June 2010.The Regulations prescribe the minimum qualification for appointment of teaching faculty in universities and colleges in the area of Management/ Business Administration. The qualifications specified for appointment of Assistant Professor, Associate Professor and Professor in the above area and Principal/Director/Head of the Institution include First Class Graduate and professionally qualified Cost Accountant among other qualifications and subject to other requirements including qualifying NET/SLET/SET as the minimum eligibility condition for recruitment and appointment of Assistant Professors.Further Academic pursuits:A member of the Institute can get enrolled as a member of IMA USA.Recognised by the Academic Councils of many Universities in India for the purpose of admission to the Ph.D. courses in Commerce. Various Universities have recognized CMA qualification for registration as M.Phil. and Ph.D. candidates in commerce and allied disciplines.The MoU between CIMA (The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants), UK and The Institute of Cost Accountants of India introduces a new CIMA Professional Gateway examination (available from May 2009) for the students who have successfully completed the whole of the Institute’s professional examination, enabling a ‘fast track’ route into CIMA’s Strategic level examinations, final tests of professional competence and ultimately CIMA Membership.MOU between Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU): As per MOU dated 11th July, 2008, IGNOU offers specialized http://B.Com and http://M.Com Programs for the students. The Students can simultaneously study the specialized http://B.Com (Financial & Cost Accounting) programme with the Institute’s Intermediate Course and specialized http://M.Com (Management Accounting & Financial Strategies) with the Institute’s final course.

I was born to a set of parents who believed knowledge and ethics are more important than money or status. I am a hardcore Bihari (i.e. I belong to one of the most poor states in India) who, thanks to his school and his teachers, could read,speak and write good English. I also don’t have any major achievements or certificates to claim any accomplishments. Like most of Biharis, who aspire to become Engineers, I too wrote my Engineering Entrance Exams (JEE and AIEEE back in 2001–2002…for the uninitiated, in India you need to write one of these exams to get into an engineering school of repute). Could not clear anything in the first attempt. I lost hope and was going to get admission in Delhi University. However, there was a divine intervention in that plan, in the form of a School friend (who is now an integral part of my life and who’s success is beyond my comprehension). He suggested that we drop a year, study together and crack these engineering entrance examinations. 4 months later, putting in close to 18 hours a day of studies, we had completed the entire course required for the exams, and were acing most of the mock tests. Ultimately, he went to IIT Kanpur (top engineering school in India), while I went to BIT, Mesra(amongst the top 15 engineering schools in India).For 4 years at college, I indulged myself into alcohol, weed, smoke, hooliganism, LAN gaming, basically anything except studies. Mind you, the branch of engineering I had got was not much sought after - Production Engineering. My Dad got to know about my habits in the 8th semester, and stopped all my funding. I lost family’s trust and financial backing and had to survive for 4 months doing odd tuition jobs (did not tell this to my friends in college out of shame). During the campus placements, banking on my communication skills and the ability to think on my feet/dodge the questions (an art I had mastered during the vivas of my courses), I did not even prepare for interviews. Result - I am rejected by most of the companies, most of which are mass recruiters . 70% of the batch-mates are placed, while I am still jobless. Somehow managed to get into a IT/ITES giant (at that time), on a very average pay package.Being the youngest in the family with 2 elder sisters who were doing quite well in their careers (as an IAS officer and a fashion designer from NIFT, respectively), I felt I had no liabilities or obligations, and even on the ₹ 16,000 a month salary bought a Royal Enfield Thunderbird on loan, and when the salary increased to ₹ 27,000 per month bought a 3rd hand Opel Corsa, again on loan. I had unnecessary clothes, unnecessary gadgets, unnecessary restaurant bills and obviously unnecessary and detrimental credit card bills. I was spending more than I was earning. Borrowing money from one friend to repay the other. Oh! Also, when in 2008, my younger sister (but still elder to me) was getting married, my dad asked me for ₹ 3,00,000. I did not even have ₹ 3,000 in my account and already had 2 different loans running. I called up one of my childhood friends (to whom quite a few of us turn to when we are facing dire straits). I wanted to ask “how do I say No to my dad?”. I had lost all my shame. But…Guess what? That friend, first scolds me, shaming me that - is this the day you were raised for by your parents? And the next day goes to my home (he happened to be in the home town then) and delivers the cash from his account to my dad, without even letting me know. He told my dad that I had sent this money. I was able to pay him off only in 2012, but I am, to this date, still indebted.Moving on, On 7th January 2009, the CEO of my employment organization self-declares one of the biggest corporate scams of India. While the country and the stock markets were dealing with the shock and horror, I was contemplating jail time for non-payment of debts. I almost lost my job. My dad had retired and was living on his pension, my sisters were married and I could not ask them for money. I had already borrowed a lot from my friends. I was shattered that day. Also, somehow that day changed my life as well. I walked all the way back to my rented flat, about a couple of hours walk, and while I was crossing a bridge over a river, I even contemplated suicide. But, I am not that weak.I had written GMAT in November the year before, just because everyone was writing some or the other MBA entrance examination, and also because my then girlfriend (and now wife) had gotten into Symbiosis for doing her MBA. I obviously had not got a decent score to get into top universities, however the score was still ‘OK’ enough to get me into an above average UK school with about 20% scholarship. All my flatmates and their friends, were soliciting me not to go, that this was not a wise decision (it was tormenting going through all those unsolicited advice). I was willing to take the risk, however. I decided to go for it, on that day - 7th January 2009. I had the support of all my family and friends. It would also help running away from all the credit card debt. I was able to settle some of the loans by selling the bike and the car, but was still in huge debts with credit cards (it took me next 5 years to settle them all). I had got the education loan only because my dad’s house was mortgaged, and thankfully there was no CIBIL in India then. However, I had lost credibility.30th September/1st October, 2009, I am flying to London from Kolkata via Mumbai. My dad is there to drop me at the airport. I fly off, while my Dad meets with an accident on GT Road. I get the news only about 4 hours after I had landed in London. I had lost my Dad. A friend in UK who had got the news before me, put me on a flight back to India within another 4 hours. I also get to learn that since the fees have already been paid in full, University could not refund it, and the best they can do is allow me to join next year. I had already resigned from my job. My mom was going to be alone. I would have to pay the interest on education loan for an extra year. There was no source of income. The only house my Mom had was mortgaged. There were meager savings for Mom to survive on. Dad’s rituals need to be performed. If I don’t join by 9th October the University will automatically defer my joining to next year. There were so many questions, but the answer came in my Mom’s strength. She collected herself, asked us to perform the last rites according to the rituals of “Arya Samaj” which takes 3 days instead of 13′ and head back to UK on 8th October. I have not come across a stronger woman in my life.Back in UK, by the time I join the classes, everyone had built a good rapport with everyone else. I felt like a little outcast, initially, with shaved head and a “tikki”, remaining to the confines of a corner seat in the class. I took shelter with the same college friend who had helped me travel back to India. His support helped me build some confidence back. Also, I was living in the University’s accommodation which was a lot more dearer than renting a place with 3–4 other students. I make my case and get a refund from the University, and move into a house with other classmates. In the process of shifting, I manage to lose my passport, and I lost my beliefs, especially in Luck. I believed in lady luck, a lot, back then, and used to credit or curse her for anything and everything. Not anymore. Usually getting another passport issued from Consulate General of India’s office is a 2 week process in UK and getting the student visa stamped again is an additional 2 weeks. But, Leicestershire constabulary had changed their rules regarding registering a complaint for loss/theft of 3rd party IDs on that very day, also since my passport was issued from Patna while I now belonged to Jharkhand my Police Verification Report was becoming a case study for bureaucrats in India. I did not wish to trouble my family any further, and decided against informing them about this fight. So, even after 4 months and a gazillion trips to CGI office, I did not have a passport. Eventually the Constables from Leicester and my (now ex-IAS) sister came to my rescue and got me my passport, 130 days after I had lost it.I had decided that I will not get in to part time jobs and concentrate on studies to get a good job in UK and repay the education loan. The “studying” plan went for a toss, when I was able to score very good marks in the 1st trimester ( I must have been among a few toppers but no such list was prepared officially), and I got back to what I was famous for doing in college - alcohol, smoke, weed, partying and what not. My love life was also suffering, as my (then) girlfriend (and now wife) thought I was going astray. I was not. I am a one-woman-man. yet, the physical distance brought some distance in our relationship as well, and I would spend hours consoling her over Skype. I will not go into the details of the struggles I had to face in my love life, as that is not relevant to this question. Anyways, amidst all this, I still manage to get good scores in the 2nd trimester as well. A professor also sought my permission to use one of my assignments as example for future batches. I just hoped to get a decent job after the end of the course. I even managed to get an internship (only one from the MBA class of 84 students) for 6 months at the University which was approved by HMRC (which meant paying no taxes) and paid £1000 a month, which was just enough to survive and compensate for the shenanigans I had gone through earlier in the year. I was relentless in finding jobs, during the internship as well. After some - 9 months (including 3 months of joblessness), 1500 applications, 50 telephonic interviews, 20 face-to-face interviews and 3 Assessment Centers, I was still jobless. I had no money left.As a pattern in this answer, another friend comes to my rescue. I stay at his flat, rent free for 3 months, he introduces me to a messiah - who mentors me for jobs in UK, and by July 2011, had 3 job offers in my hand (in one day). But the day before I had these 3 offers does need a mention. I was appearing for an interview in Edinburgh, and the return travel itself cost me £60. I had £40 left in my account after that. My mom had ₹ 40,000 in her account and we still had a debt of over ₹ 20,00,000. I could not borrow anymore money from the friend I was living with, without being sure of the repayment source. I landed in Edinburgh bus station at 8am, the interview was at 12pm, the venue was 4.5 miles (more than 7kms) away. I could not spend any money on transport or food. I walked those 4.5 miles, reached well in time, gave a solid interview, walked all the way back, did not have food, and slept on the bench of the bus station, as the return bus was at 10pm. I had not felt as helpless as I felt that day, ever. But by the time I reach my friend’s flat in London, the next morning, I had offer from State Street (the interview in Edinburgh), CitiBank and Santander (interviews I had taken earlier).Some struggles in love life later…for the next 6 years, everything was hunky-dory. I had married the love of my life, went for a honeymoon to Maldives, repaid my education loan in just 2 years and made dad’s house lien free, bought another 3 BHK flat for my Mom, bought my Mom a new car, bought ourselves a 4.5 BHK flat in Pune, was driving a Range Rover, had holidayed in over 15 countries, owned an Omega Seamaster, was traveling Business Class on my own expenses…in short, I was living a luxurious life. I was blessed with a daughter, my Mom and my in-laws traveled and lived with us in UK and got to experience the luxuries , and everyone fell in love with the place. All this was possible ONLY because of my wife. She was earning as much as I did, and stood as pillar without who’s support nothing would have been possible. I was also debt free by the end of 2014, and have remained so, till date.But, I guess, I am not the kinds who like to settle. The burning desire to leave everything behind and make a living in India was always there. I was always on the look out for different avenues to go back to India. I was given an offer by my builder friend in 2015 to join him as a working partner in a construction business. I made that a exit gateway from UK, and after floating the LLP in 2016, returned to India in 2017. Again, I was advised not to do so, by everyone in UK. A couple of years more in UK, and I could have had an Indefinite Leave to Remain. Yet, I decided to follow my guts, convince my wife and garner her support to return. The market situation in India had changed by the time I arrived and the business was not doing good. We had to shut doors by September 2017. I worked on some other business ideas only to fail in them too. My wife did not land a job till January 2018, and I too went back to corporate job in January 2018. We were both not very happy in the situation we were in. We somehow were not prepared to handle India, although, we had made it a point that we will not compromise on standard of living and take any steps back (we had a 3BHK flat to live temporarily in, a BMW X1, a Suzuki Ignis, a Renegade Commando, holidayed thrice in Goa, and in Munnar and Alleppy, and in Seychelles). But…After 2 to 3 incidences of losing my dignity and getting beaten up (by fists of hooligans) and loosing a little more than ₹ 10,00,00 in attempts to establish ourselves in India, we decided to make things right elsewhere. After exploring a few options, we immigrated to Canada in September 2018.Again, after a month of struggling to find jobs and accommodation, we are living a decent life. We both have decent jobs in decent work environments with decent pays. We are living in a Condo in the heart of downtown Toronto. We have a Mercedes GLA. And are now again working towards building a life here.So here’s list of the Lessons I learnt:Take risks - Sometimes we get so involved in building the backup/fail-safe/security net, that we completely lose sight of the focal point/the original objective, for which we were building that safety net. taking risks will only make you richer, either in your objectives or in your experiences.Trust more than you doubt - most of the people you meet , AND the instincts you have, are trustworthy. Just because a minuscule few cheated or a couple of your gut instincts turned wrong, doesn’t mean you should ignore the majority. People are good. Instincts help.Financial Planning - This is the most important subject that needs to be taught in schools. We learn partial differential equations, but nothing about managing our finances - which has much more practical implications in life. Since it is not taught, and everyone has to learn it the hard way, my recommendation is, start preparing a simple income and expense report for yourself from the day you earn your first penny.Make friends - and trust them. You will not regret.Stay happy, Stay unsatisfied - taking the liberty of building on from what Steve Jobs said “stay hungry, stay foolish”…I believe we should be happy with what we have, but never be satisfied. There is a subtle difference and this statement requires pondering.Every problem has at least 3 different solutions - don’t be bogged down by problems. Once you understand the problem, concentrate on the solution. You will definitely find one.If you think you have hit the rock bottom of your life, the only way left to go is …Up. -I think this is self explanatory.Never say die - You will always find something to hang on to and keep afloat and moving forward…just need to clear your vision and look for it.AND, the most important lesson in my life -Thought become things - If you can hold something in your mind long enough and with enough conviction, you will be able to hold it in your hand. Be it material or immaterial, you will have it, if you attract it. Everything in your life happens because of you and what you have attracted. No one else has any control on your life, at least try and not give them that power.Disclaimers:I am not “successful” yet, but have had a fair share of struggles which have made me, in my opinion, much wiser and have given me a lot more clarity in life.This is not a glorification or gratification attempt, but just an overview of some circumstances I had to go throughAfter I finished writing the answer (which I had to cut short a lot and remove a lot of other struggles which were not significant enough to mention), I have reversed the order in which it was written originally. I now have the lessons I learned on the bottom, and the struggles above them. These lessons were not making much of an impact being at the top.