Division Of Biostatistics College Of Public Health: Fill & Download for Free

Well, decades ago when I was doing the MPH at Yale, there were 4 Divisions to the Program: Health Administration, Hospital Administration, Epidemiology, Statistics or probably BioStatistics. The Health Administration was by far the largest group and it was the in-joke that this is where the women congregate, for the most part. I did the Internship after the required course work, at YCCC, - Yale community Cancer Center. It was Research primarily. I researched and documented the signs and symptoms of the various cancers. It was the first of its kind for the Center. The material was used by staff as material for patients and their families calling in on the Hotline. I am giving you this history as a way of letting you know that such a degree is useful in many situations of the Health Field.However, just as I had finished this Internship, my husband took a position at U Minnesota. We moved there, but however, there was at that time a BSc program in Public Heath. This put me at a disadvantage. Minnesotans take care of their own, and very well. I had to resort to joining a program of College graduates starting a new Program in Respiratory Therapy. We moved again, this time, to Canada where of course, the Health System is completely different and I had nothing to offer. I am telling you these moments in my life to show you what is out there. Any Health Clinic or University Student Health Center or Hospital would need such training, I would say.In Canada, I changed to Medical Anthropology. However, after returning from a 2 month stay in Brazil and writing up my Thesis - MSc, something happened! I started writing! I guess that since Anthro. is writing Culture, writing came to me as a sort of by-product, and it’s not leaving. It overrides Scholarly Anthropology and I hardly go there anymore, I should, for Quora :) All the Best to you. Public Health is a wonderful Field in which to work.

Pharmacists are higher salaried professionals in US and other foreign countries, where pharmacists are allowed to practice clinical pharmacy. They have statutory system in which patient is diagnosed by physicians or doctors (which is their exact responsibility not to prescribe drugs) and then the patient sent ahead to pharmacist with diagnosis report. Pharmacist is allowed to prescribe the patient and normally who charge more than physician. Average salary in USA is 40-50 or more USD per hour in beginning….In India also the same course called as “Pharm D” is introduced for the academic year 2008- 2009. The Pharmacy Council of India is the apex body controlling the course. Although to date there is not an exact recognition of clinical pharmacy in India but it is sure that one has the greatest & the brightest career in US after clearing the NAPLEX and may be in future in India there will be higher prospectus for the course.The basic requirement for pharmacists to be considered for registration isan undergraduate or postgraduate Pharmacy degree from a recognized university. In most countries this involves a four- or Six year course to attain a Master of Pharmacy (M Pharm). In the United States, students graduating after Jan 1, 2003 must complete a Doctor of Pharmacy degree to become a licensed pharmacist; this requires completion of four years at an accredited college of pharmacy (most students applying for admission into a college of pharmacy already have an undergraduate degree; however, many schools admit students after completionof 2 years of undergraduate pharmacy prerequisites or directly from high school into a six-year accelerated program). Any person holding a bachelor’s degree in Pharmacy who graduated before this date is grandfathered and can register.Thus, in USA the legal requirements of becoming a pharmacist include graduating with a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm D) degree from an accredited college of pharmacy, serving an internship under a licensed pharmacist, and passing a state (NAPLEX) and law exam. The designation Pharm D is often likened to a PhD degree, however in actuality it is an advanced degree thatbecame the standard of practice for graduates of pharmacy schools around the turn of the 21st century (2001). The former degree was a Bachelor of Pharmacy and required slightly less schooling and different curriculum. Due to the changes to health care in today’s society and the increasing need for counseling and medication maintenance, pharmacists have taken on a larger role as clinicians. This increase in the need for accessible health care information for consumers has led to great strides in the field of pharmacy. One result of this has been a change in the waypharmacy schools structure their curriculum as well as an advanced doctorate degree, which further sets the pharmacist apart as a trusted ally in a patient’s health care treatment regimen.In fact, pharmacists consistently rank as one of the most trusted professionals in today’s society.This degree requires the completion of at least five years of post-secondary schooling but usuallyrequires at least 6-8 years at present time, depending on which state you live in and the pharmacy school which you attend. The former degree obtained upon completion of pharmacy school was a Bachelor in Pharmacy or BS and pharmacists with this designation were given the title RPh. In the USA, pharmacists who acquire a Pharm D degree are legally allowed to add the prefix “Dr.” before his / her name. Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs.Scope & Objectives of PharmD Programme in India:Objective of Pharm D Programme1. To provide patient care in cooperation with patients, doctors, and other members of an inter-professional health care team based upon sound therapeutics principles and evidence-based data, taking into account relevant legal, ethical, social cultural, economic and professional issues, emerging technologies, and evolving biomedical,pharmaceutical, social, or behavioral or administrative, and clinical sciences that may impart therapeutic outcomes.2. To manage and use resources of health care system, in co-operation with patients, doctors and other health care providers and administrative and supportive personnel, to promote health; to provide, assess, and coordinate safe, accurate, and time sensitive medication distribution; and to improve therapeutic outcomes of medication use.3. To promote health improvement, wellness, and disease prevention in co-operation with patients, communities, at-risk population and other members of an inter-professional team of health care providers.4. To demonstrate skills in monitoring of the National Health Programmes and schemes, oriented to provide preventive and promotive health care services to the community.5. To develop leadership qualities to function effectively as a member of health care team organized to deliver the health and family welfare services in existing socio-economic, political and cultural environment.6. To communicate effectively with patients and the community.Pharm D Career opportunity• The prime (No.1) sectors which need the service of Pharm Ds are the pharmaceutical industries. They make new medicines and they need the professionals first than any other sector. Then the second priority comes to the hospitals of pharmacies where it is used or distributed. Production is may be one among ten divisions of an industry where Pharm Ds may not be needed. The numerous and diverse career options available to Pharm D students:1. Clinical Research1. Clinical Research : Clinical research is a branch of medical science that determines the safety and effectiveness of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use. These may be used for prevention, treatment, diagnosis or for relieving symptoms of a disease. The term clinical research refers to the entire bibliography of a drug/device/biologic, in fact any test article from its inception in the lab to its introduction to the consumer market and beyond. Once the promising candidate or the molecule is identified in the lab, it is subjected to pre-clinical studies or animal studies where different aspects of the test(including its safety toxicity if applicable and efficacy, if possible at this early stage) are studied. The focus of clinical research is wide enough to include important items such as data management, medical writing, regulatory consultation, and biostatistics.2. PharmacovigilancePharmacovigilance (abbreviated PV or PhV) is the pharmacological science relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects, particularly long-term and short-term side effects of medicines. Generally speaking, pharmacovigilance is the science of collecting, monitoring, researching, assessing and evaluating information from healthcare providers and patients on the adverse effects of medications, biological products, herbalism and traditional medicines with a view to:identifying new information about hazards associated with medicines and2) preventing harm to patients.3. Research & DevelopmentResearch & Development: The phrase research and development refers to the “creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications”.4. Medical WritingMedical Writing: Is the activity of producing scientific documentation by a specialized writer. The medical writer typically is not one of the scientists or doctors who performed the research. A medical writer, working with doctors, scientists, and other subject matter experts, creates documents that effectively and clearly describe research results, product use and other medicalinformation. The medical writer also makes sure the documents comply with regulatory, journal, or other guidelines in terms of content, format and structure.5. Product Managers:A product manager investigates, selects, and develops products for an organization, performing the activities of product management.6. Regulatory affairs:Regulatory Affairs (RA), also called Government Affairs, is a profession within regulated industries, such as pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Regulatory Affairs professionals usually have responsibility for the following general areas:Ensuring that their companies comply with all of the regulations and laws pertaining to their business.Working with federal, state, and local regulatory agencies and personnel on specific issues affecting their business. i.e. working with such agencies as the Food and Drug Administration or European Medicines Agency (pharmaceuticals and medical devices); The Department of Energy; or the Securities and Exchange Commission (banking).Advising their companies on the regulatory aspects and climate that would affect proposed activities. i.e. describing the “regulatory climate” around issues such as the promotion of prescription drugs and Sarbanes-Oxley compliance.7. Correspondents & Trainers8. Top level medical representatives9. Academics10. Community Pharmacy:A community pharmacy is a community-based pharmacy. The main responsibilities of a community pharmacy include appropriate procurement, storage, dispensing, and documentation of medicines.In compliance with the vision of the community pharmacy section of the InternationalPharmaceutical Federation, community pharmacists should1. be experts in pharmaceutical care, pharmacotherapy, and health promotion.2. be professional communicators with patients, other healthcare providers, and decision makers.3. deliver good quality in products, services, and communication.4. document their actions and make descriptions and publications.The above mentioned requirement is being fulfilled by the PharmD course.11.Geriatric Pharmacy:Geriatrics is a sub-specialty of internal medicine and family medicinethat focuses on health care of elderly people. It aims to promote health by preventing and treatingdiseases and disabilities in older adults.12. Governmental agencies13. Home Health Care:Home Care, (also referred to as domiciliary care or social care), is health care or supportive care provided in the patient’s home by healthcare professionals (often referred to as home health care or formal care. Often, the term home health care is used to distinguish non-medical care or custodial care, which is care that is provided by persons who are not nurses, doctors, or other licensed medical personnel, as opposed to home health care that is provided by licensed personnel.14. Hospital Pharmacy:A hospital pharmacy is concerned with pharmacy service to all types of hospital and differs considerably from a community pharmacy. Some pharmacists in hospital pharmacies may have more complex clinical medication management issues whereas pharmacists in community pharmacies often have more complex business and customer relations issues. Because of the complexity of the medication use system, many pharmacists practicing in hospitals gain more education and training after pharmacy school through a pharmacy practiceresidency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area.15. Managed Care:The term managed care is used in the United States to describe a variety of techniques intended to reduce the cost of providing health benefits and improve the quality of care (“managed care techniques”) for organizations that use those techniques or provide them as services to other organizations (“managed care organization” or “MCO”), or to describe systems of financing and delivering health care to enrollees organized around managed care techniquesand concepts (“managed care delivery systems”). According to the United States National Library of Medicine, the term “managed care” encompasses programs:…intended to reduce unnecessary health care costs through a variety of mechanisms, including:economic incentives for physicians and patients to select less costly forms of care; programs for reviewing the medical necessity of specific services; increased beneficiary cost sharing; controls on inpatient admissions and lengths of stay; the establishment of cost-sharing incentives for outpatient surgery; selective contracting with health care providers; and the intensivemanagement of high-cost health care cases.16. Pharmacoeconomics:Refers to the scientific discipline that compares the value of one pharmaceutical drug or drug therapy to another. It is a sub-discipline of Health economics. A pharmacoeconomic study evaluates the cost (expressed in monetary terms) and effects (expressed in terms of monetary value, efficacy or enhanced quality of life) of a pharmaceutical product. We can distinguish several types of pharmacoeconomic evaluation: cost-minimization analysis, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis. Pharmacoeconomic studies serve to guide optimal healthcare resource allocation, in a standardized and scientifically grounded manner. One important consideration in a pharmacoeconomic evaluation is to decide the perspective from which the analysis should be conducted (such as institutional or societal).17. Any more opportunities that can be explored…….

Most of the people I know who were top students in high school ended up doing fairly well — most pursuing higher education and advanced degrees — and most finding vocations/professions where they are more inclined towards using those academic skills.My friends and my sample space is fairly biased as I went to MIT (and I had a lot of MIT friends and also Harvard friends).So … let’s see.Top 4/203 kids in high school (we weren’t ranked, the top 4 were the straight-A students unweighted — and in no particular order):Mati: UBC Business and Economics undergrad; worked for Boston Consulting Group, Harvard Business School MBA. Worked as a managing director/partner for a couple of banking firms. Now runs his own investment company/capital group in Silicon Valley. Arguably doing the best financially of us.Deb: Brown undergrad, American civilization. Worked a bit, tried to go into English at Boston University and later the Annenberg School of Communication at UPenn. After not getting paid too well, in her 30’s, she went to law school. Now is an attorney.Robyn: her parents got divorced freshman year, so she had a nervous breakdown. After a rough start, she finished up a degree in accounting and works for a charter school.Me: MIT undergrad (Aero/Astro), became a Christian at MIT. Went to seminary part-time while working full-time in high tech. Switched to fintech with a bunch of MIT folks (startup). Have been in fintech for the last 20 years.Random other people I know:my wife: salutatorian in her high school, finished her Doctorate of Pharmacy and pharmacy boards before she turned 23. (She just optimized very well — she found a great pre-pharmacy program that guaranteed admission if you maintained a 3.5 GPA and then finished her pharmacy doctorate in 2 years.)David: top dog at Oxford University, St. John’s College for Physics (“top first, first class honours” = rank #1 / 170), got accepted to both MIT and Harvard for Ph.D. work, graduated MIT, works on Wall Street as a quantTyler: Oxford University, Mathematics and Theology; Ph.D. Harvard university; is a professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, although this year, he was a visiting professor at OxfordMatt: The 1991 Illinois state mathematics champion, MIT mathematics undergrad, Cornell Ph.D. in statistics. Taught university-level math at an unranked liberal arts school for 5–6 years. Now is the staff statistician for Cambridge Health Alliance - Department of Mental Health - Gaming and Gambling Addiction Division. (Yeah, he studies video game addiction, gambling addiction — both online and offline).Muyi: valedictorian of City College in New York; Ph.D. Electrical Engineering at MIT. He mostly designs circuits.Tolu: I believe every 2 years or so, in Nigeria, someone gets all A1’s in their High School Subject Certificate Examinations, and Tolu was one of them. He graduated top of his Mechanical Engineering department at Rutgers, went to MIT and did Computational Fluid Dynamics, and now works at Sandia Labs … doing modeling. He’s moved away from CFD in the last 10 years.Rick/Richard: AB, Ph.D. Harvard, Chemistry. Director of Technical Development at GlaxoSmithKline, Singapore. (His wife is from Singapore.)James: AB, Ph.D. Harvard, Economics. Teaches at Yale’s School of Management.Ryan: AB Harvard, Physics and Economics; MA, UChicago; Ph.D. Harvard, Economics. Taught at Harvard Business School for a decade, but now is the Director of Equity Strategies at one of the more notable asset managers in Boston.Julien: SB MIT (Mathematics and Computer Science), went to Microsoft for a while, and now he’s the GPU Design Lead for AMD.I have some other friends from MIT days (no, I didn’t know Drew Houston and while Sal Khan and I overlapped and I knew people at Next House and even had a study group there, I didn’t meet Sal). Most of them are doing fine.