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Yes, China does have the ability to produce original products people can’t miss.Schematic of the bottom-up approach to regenerate isotropic wood. (a) Natural wood particles, for example, wood sawdust. (b) Surface-etched wood particle with cellulose microfibers exposed from the surface. (c) Surface nanocrystallized wood particle (SNWP) with numerous cellulose nanofibers expanded from the surface. (d) Assembly of SNWP induced by Ca2+ and hydrogen bonds. (e) The obtained RGI-wood by hot-pressing.Structure of RGI-wood. Photographs of (a) untreated wood sawdust (natural wood particles), (b) surface-etched freeze-dried wood particles and (c) freeze-dried free-standing sponge of SNWP. (d) RGI-wood sample with a volume of 400 × 400 × 19 mm3, weighing 4.1 kg. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of (e) untreated wood particles, (f) surface-etched wood particles with the cellulose microfibers exposed from surface, (g) freeze-dried SNWP with numerous cellulose nanofibers expanding from surface and (h) section of RGI-wood sample, a large number of cellulose nanofibers pulling out during the break. (i) The BET surface areas of natural wood particles, surface-etched wood particles and SNWP are 12.63 m2 g−1, 14.72 m2 g−1 and 41.99 m2 g−1, respectively. (j) XRD patterns show that the crystallinity of cellulose of natural wood particles is 63.9 ± 0.70%, whereas that of SNWP is 71.4 ± 0.26%, which confirms a typical feature of cellulose nanofibers. (k) The increasing mechanical performance of different stages of wood particles proved that the outstanding mechanical performance results from the surface nanostructure of the wood particles in RGI-wood. The blue columns represent flexural strength and the yellow columns represent flexural modulus. [1] Regenerated isotropic woodThe team of Academician Yu Shuhong [2] of the University of Science and Technology of China has deeply analyzed the microstructure of biomass, and used the new biomass surface nanometering strategy of natural structure to construct a new type of all-biomass bionic wood without adhesives successfully.In this high-performance bionic wood, a large number of nanofibers are exposed on micron-sized wood chips particles. These fibers are combined into an intertwined nanofiber network through the effects of ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and physical entanglement. Without adding any binder, the wood pellets are tightly combined by these fiber networks to form a high-strength dense structure.Experiment results show that the mechanical strength of the bionic wood prepared by this strategy surpasses natural solid wood and traditional man-made panels, can be made into large-size materials, and also exhibits excellent flame retardancy, water resistance, conductivity and electromagnetic shielding. It can achieve self-heating at a low voltage of 1.75 volts, and it can be heated to 60 degrees Celsius within 5 minutes. This feature can effectively ensure the safety of self-heating equipment and reduce energy consumption.The first new generation large-size integrated circuit silicon single crystal growth equipment jointly developed by Xi'an University of Technology and Xi'an Eswell Silicon Technology Co., Ltd. has achieved a successful trial production in Xi'an recently.Since 2018, the team of Professor Liu Ding of Xi'an University of Technology has worked closely with Xi'an Eswell Silicon Wafer Technology Co., Ltd. to carry out technical research and successfully developed high-quality silicon single crystal materials with a diameter of 300 mm and a length of 2,100 mm. It has achieved a breakthrough in successfully drawing large-size, high-quality integrated circuit-level silicon single crystal materials using independently developed domestic equipment in China.The Chinese made hybrid Tianjic Chip is the world's first heterogeneous fusion brain-like chip, and has successfully verified the feasibility of general intelligence through self-driving bicycles. [3] The revolutionary chip can adopt various core architectures, reconfigurable building blocks and so on, to accommodate both computer-science-based machine-learning algorithms and neuroscience-oriented schemes such as brain-inspired circuits.On October 14th, 2020, Zhang Youhui's team from the Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University and Shi Luping's team from the Department of Precision Instruments and their collaborators published an article in the journal Nature, and proposed for the first time the "completeness of brain-like computing" and the decoupling of software and hardware system hierarchy. This is the third result published in the regular issue of Nature after Tsinghua University's "Tianjic Movement Core" and "Multi-array Memristor Storage and Computing Integrated System" in the past year. It is also the first completion unit of the Department of Computer Science and the first "Nature" paper published by a communication unit.The research result is the further exploration of Shi Luping's team in the field of brain-inspired computing and general artificial intelligence.Professor Luping Shi’s team published a cover paper in Nature - Towards artificial general intelligence with hybrid Tianjic chip architectureAt present, the team has started research on the next-generation chip, which is expected to be completed early next year.Lei Deng | Innovators Under 35On December 3, 2020, the world's first high-position turbine generator set has officially entered the stage of trial operation with load. That is the Chinese independent design and construction of such 660MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired generator sets.It was confirmed on site that the technical indicators of the unit were in compliance with the design requirements, the swing parameters of the high-position layout were within the normal range, and the unit was in good condition, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent commercial operation of the unit.As a key construction project of the Chinese National Air Pollution Prevention and Control Plan, the latest 660MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired generating sets are built andThe "world's first" high-level arrangement of steam turbine generator sets, the "world's first" eight-machine and one-control centralized control method, the "world's first" integral frame spring-isolated steam turbine generator base, direct air cooling, and a single boiler auxiliary unit are adopted. 16 environmental protection innovations, intelligent and intelligent technologies such as series and centralized control of the whole plant will provide key technical reserves for the next development of 700℃ high-parameter and large-capacity thermal power units in China, which is of great significance to promote the Chinese energy technology revolution.It is understood that the conventional thermal power generator set is arranged at a height of 13.7 meters. After the project is arranged in a high position, the steam turbine generator set is arranged on a 65-meter high platform, which is equivalent to a 20-story building. Arranging the steam turbine generator set at a high position can effectively save the steam supply pipeline. Generally speaking, it shortens the high temperature and high pressure steam supply pipeline from the boiler to the steam turbine. This alone can save project investment of 49.8 million yuan and reduce the coal consumption of power supply by 1.1 g/ Kilowatt hours.At present, the steam temperature of the world's thermal power generating units is in the range of 620-635 degrees Celsius. In the next step, the Chinese will develop high-parameter, large-capacity thermal power units at 700 degrees Celsius. The high-temperature, high-pressure, large-capacity units require longer pipelines and higher prices. Therefore, the high-level arrangement of steam turbine generator sets successfully connected to the grid for power generation has very important and far-reaching significance for promoting the energy technology revolution in my country.The smooth grid-connected power generation of the world’s first high-level turbine generator set will, on the one hand, effectively improve the clean and efficient utilization of coal resources in northern Shaanxi, China, increase the coal conversion rate on the spot, and make a positive contribution to the national air pollution control; on the other hand, the successful practical application of high-level layout technology will effectively enhance the technical competitiveness of the Chinese thermal power industry, and is important for optimizing the energy structure, promoting green and low-carbon development, and accelerating the construction of a new development pattern in which the domestic and big cycle is the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promote each other.Quantum computational advantage using photonsA research team led by the renowned Chinese quantum physicist Pan Jianwei at the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, China, announced Friday, 12/04/2020, they made a significant breakthrough in quantum computational advantage.The team established a quantum computer prototype, named "Jiuzhang," via which up to 76 photons were detected. The study was published in Science magazine online.This achievement marks that China has reached the first milestone on the path to full-scale quantum computing, a quantum computational advantage, also known as "quantum supremacy".No traditional computer can perform the same task in a reasonable amount of time, and the speedup is unlikely to be overturned by classical algorithmic or hardware improvements, according to the team.In the study, Gaussian boson sampling (GBS), a classical simulation algorithm, was used to provide a highly efficient way of demonstrating quantum computational speedup in solving some well-defined tasks.The average detected photon number by the prototype is 43, while up to 76 output photon-clicks were observed.Jiuzhang's quantum computing system can implement large-scale GBS 100 trillion times faster than the world's fastest existing supercomputer.The team also said the new prototype processes 10 billion times faster than the 53-qubit quantum computer developed by Google."Quantum computational advantage is like a threshold," said Lu Chaoyang, professor of the University of Science and Technology of China. "It means that, when a new quantum computer prototype's capacity surpasses that of the strongest traditional computer in handling a particular task, it proves that it will possibly make breakthroughs in multiple other areas."The breakthrough is the result of 20 years of effort by Pan's team, which conquered several major technological stumbling blocks, including a high-quality photon source."For example, it is easy for us to have one sip of water each time, but it is difficult to drink just a water molecule each time," Pan said. "A high-quality photon source needs to 'release' just one photon each time, and each photon needs to be exactly the same, which is quite a challenge."Compared with conventional computers, Jiuzhang is currently just a "champion in one single area," but its super-computing capacity has application potential in areas such as graph theory, machine learning and quantum chemistry, according to the team.A quantum computer that measures light has achieved quantum supremacyChinese scientists won the highest award for hepatitis B research for the first time.Dr. Wenhui Li, a senior researcher at the Beijing Institute of Life Sciences and a professor at the Biomedical Intersection Institute of Tsinghua University, won the world’s highest award in the field of hepatitis B research and treatment on November 12th, 2020, for his outstanding contributions to promoting hepatitis B research and treatment, Baruch S. Blumberg Prize.Named after Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1976, this award was established by the Hepatitis B Foundation in Pennsylvania, USA, and aims to reward important research and treatment related to hepatitis B. Individuals who promote and contribute significantly are hailed as the highest honor in the field. Baruch Blumberg, who passed away in 2011, won the 1976 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology for his discovery of hepatitis B virus. He was also the co-founder of the Hepatitis B Foundation.After receiving his doctorate degree from Peking Union Medical College in 2001, Dr. Li Wenhui went to Harvard Medical School for postdoctoral research and later served as a lecturer. After the SARS outbreak in 2003, he and his colleagues fought day and night and discovered the first SARS receptor ACE2 in the world, which caused a sensation among international colleagues. In 2007, Dr. Li Wenhui returned to China to join the Beijing Institute of Biological Sciences and began to focus on the study of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infection. After five years of painstaking research, his team finally discovered the co-receptor of hepatitis B and hepatitis D viruses invading human cells-NTCP (sodium taurocholate cotransporter).The discovery of hepatitis B virus receptors opened a new door. After the publication of Dr. Li Wenhui's research results, internationally renowned hepatitis B research institutions and pharmaceutical companies are adopting the R&D technology system he created to carry out follow-up research and drug development.On September 16, 2020, Weichai Group, a leader in China's internal combustion engine industry, held a launch ceremony in Jinan, Shandong, China, officially launching the world's first commercialized diesel engine with a brake thermal efficiency over 50%.Weichai created five original Chinese proprietary technologies: advanced fields synergy combustion technology, harmonius design technology, exhaust energy distribution technology, subzone lubrication technology and WISE control technology, which all help solve a series of world-class problems and achieve high efficiency combustion with low heat transfer, high PFP with high reliability, low friction loss, low emission pollutants, intelligent control, etc., so that the brake thermal efficiency of the base diesel engine exceeds 50%. This diesel engine with a brake thermal efficiency over 50% is the best in the world.Groups of Chinese scientists, led by Tu Youyou, managed to discover and extract a substance, artemisinin, which inhibits the malaria parasite. The substance was extracted from the plant, sweet wormwood. That is a completely Chinese original product in the world.Tu Youyou got the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015.The first Chinese original hydrogen bomb was made in 1967.Yunnan Baiyao is an original Chinese proprietary traditional Chinese medicine very effectively used to stop bleeding either internally or externally.Dongfanghong I was the first original Chinese proprietary satellite launched successfully on 24 April 1970.On May 24, 2017, for the first time in the world, Chinese engineers have successfully extracted natural gas from icy deposits beneath the South China Sea. The exact location is in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea, about 300km southeast of Hong Kong.China has set two world records in terms of the total gas output in a month and the daily gas production of 28,700 cubic meters. The Chinese scientists and engineers invented the 32 key original Chinese technologies including the horizontal well drilling in deep sea's shallow soft layer and 12 pieces of original Chinese core equipment including the deep sea's wellhead suction anchor.Recently, on August 14, 2020, the team of Academician Yu Shuhong at the University of Science and Technology of China inspired by natural shells, has developed a new type of thin film material, which exhibits mechanical and optical properties far exceeding traditional plastics in terms of strength, toughness, and light transmittance. If it is buried in the soil about two months, it can be degraded without pollution. It is expected to become an ideal material for flexible electronic devices, and so on.The Chinese research team successfully constructed a "brick-fiber" shell-like layered structure using two natural components of nano-clay sheet and bacterial cellulose, and developed a high-performance composite film material using aerosol-assisted biosynthesis.Experiment measurement results show that the strength of this new type of film material reaches 482 MPa, which is more than 6 times that of the current commonly used commercial plastic film. It has good flexibility and can be folded into various shapes without obvious damage after unfolding. This new material also has excellent light transmittance, achieving high transparency of more than 73% and high optical haze of more than 80% in the visible light range of the human eye.Traditional plastic film is very easy to soften and deform at high temperature. In contrast, this new material has excellent thermal stability. When the temperature changes by 100 degrees Celsius, its size change is only three ten thousandths, and its stable structure and performance can still be maintained at 250 degrees Celsius.More importantly, the unique raw material composition makes this new material green and pollution-free throughout its life cycle. Bacterial cellulose will degrade naturally in the soil in about two months.Recently, the research results were published in the academic journal "Substance" (or “Materials”) under the "Cell" Publishing Group. Because of the advantages of high performance, low cost, and simple process, this new material is very competitive in the fields of flexible electronic devices, new displays, and photoelectric conversion. At present, the Chinese scientific research team is actively promoting application and industrialization of the new material.Chinese scientists successfully developed degradable bionic transparent filmOn November 10, 2020, the third-generation methanol-to-olefins (DMTO-Ⅲ) technology developed by the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has passed the scientific and technological achievement appraisal organized by the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation in Beijing.Since the 1980s, Dalian Institute of Chemical Industry has conducted more than 30 years of research and development work on methanol-to-olefin catalysts and process technology. It has overcome a series of difficulties in catalysts, reaction processes, engineering and industrialization complete sets of technologies, and achieved A series of inventions and innovations finally formed a methanol-to-olefin technology that can use non-petroleum resources to produce low-carbon olefins.The main researcher of this technology, academician Liu Zhongmin of the institute, said that this technology has been developed for three generations. In June 2006, the first-generation methanol-to-olefins (DMTO) technology completed the 10,000-ton-level industrial test. In August 2010, the first industrialization of coal-based methanol to low-carbon olefins was realized in the world. In May 2010, the second-generation methanol-to-olefins (DMTO-II) technology completed the 10,000-ton industrial test and achieved its first industrialization in December, 2014.DMTO-Ⅲ technology is a complete technical solution including a new high-efficiency fluidized bed reactor and a new generation of catalysts. In terms of DMTO-Ⅲ technology development, the Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology team conducted in-depth research on the multi-scale process of methanol to olefins, established a theoretical method from molecular sieve reaction diffusion to the distribution of carbon deposits on the catalyst in the reactor, and developed the control of olefins through the carbon deposits Selective technical route. On this basis, based on a new generation of methanol-to-olefin catalyst, a high-efficiency fluidized bed reactor with large methanol processing capacity, few side reactions, and flexibility to optimize the catalyst operating window has been developed, and the kiloton-level pilot test has been completed.Compared with the previous technology, the economy of DMTO-Ⅲ technology has been significantly improved. According to estimates, the unit olefin cost of the DMTO-Ⅲ technology industrial plant is reduced by about 10% compared with the existing DMTO plant, and the energy consumption per unit of olefin production capacity can be significantly reduced.The industrialization of a new generation of catalysts and the successful development of DMTO-Ⅲ technology have enabled my country to maintain a continuous international leading position in the field of methanol-to-olefin technology. This technology will also play an important role in ensuring energy security and promoting clean and efficient use of coal.There you have a partial original Chinese inventions for your reference. More is available until next time.Footnotes[1] Regenerated isotropic wood[2] http://en.scms.ustc.edu.cn/2011/0703/c13455a89259/page.htm[3] Nature Cover Story | Chinese Team’s ‘Tianjic Chip’ Bridges Machine Learning and Neuroscience in…

Good and Geeky info on the choice between Ulysses and ScrivenerBoth of the applications Scrivener and Ulysses are excellent. Each of them have their pros and cons and which of them you choose to some extent depends on what you plan to do when you are writing.Starting off with your criteria:* ease-of-use/learning curve – Of the two applications then Ulysses is the one to go for it as a simple user interface and much of the power behind the application is hidden. Most of what is available in Scrivener is there, all the important stuff for writing is anyway. Basically all you need to do is to get into the application create a new sheet and start writing.* Both of the applications have excellent integration with the mobile versions of the application. With Ulysses you can synchronise through iCloud or Dropbox. With Scrivener it's just Dropbox. Of the two I prefer the synchronisation through iCloud on Ulysses. It's just that I don't have to think about it and I've never had any messages to tell me that something was out of sync. Going through Dropbox with Scrivener there are times when you'll see a message and have to make a choice. If the document is out of synchronisation you can choose either one or other of the documents or both. There's no chance you're going to lose any of your writing with either of the applications. It just seems easier with Ulysses.* Organisation ability – While you can organise your work as much as you need to in the manuscript in Ulysses, Scrivener does have better organisation facilities. In the Binder, which is the sidebar to the left of the application in Scrivener you have a space to put your ideas and research separate from your manuscript. You also have the ability to split the screen so you can see your research as you write. If you're going to write a large book then you will love the outlining abilities of Scrivener. Some people prefer the corkboard view which shows you each of the documents within the Scrivener project. The cards on the corkboard show you a title and the synopsis. Drag-and-drop to put the scenes all sections in the correct order is simplicity itself. Other people prefer to use the list view which gives you the same information but is more spreadsheet like. Whichever you preference you have you also have colour coding to give you visual representations of what you're writing. You could colour code for point of view or you can set the colours based upon the state of play for each part of the document. Starting off with red for first draft, orange for the edited draft and green for ready for publishing.* Integration of research documents – As I've already mentioned Scrivener is the winner on that score.I like both of these applications and I use them both. For a novel or a long book I would go with Scrivener. For anything else I would use Ulysses. Some writers, authors do prefer Ulysses even for long books as there are simple ways to set it up so you are not losing out in terms of functionality. Scrivener on the Mac is good if you want to compile directly to the Kindle format. Ulysses is good because you can output directly to EPUB format from your mobile device. Scrivener works better with the dictation software Dragon dictation although I still prefer to dictate into TextEdit and then copy and paste.Ulysses is excellent for those of us that prefer to write in Markdown. Ulysses uses a superset of markdown so you can use simple syntax to add formatting to your work. Scrivener accepts some markdown but is more WYSIWYG in the way it works. Adding the markdown syntax is simplicity itself and you don't even need to think about it. It's easy to add links, make text bold or italics, create headline levels and easy to get a preview of how it is going to look when you export it out.The biggest difference is in exporting, compiling the document. Ulysses is simple and adaptable in the form of. With Scrivener there is a larger learning curve for the setup of the compiler options. There is a large library of styles to use for your export to HTML, EPUB or PDF and you can either create your own or modify one you already like. To make modifications you do this in a text editor using CSS. The templates are available for the styles you used to export out from Ulysses and there are also templates to adjust how documents look in the application as you are working.Both applications have fullscreen no distraction mode. Both applications allow you to use keywords to help you with organisation. Within Ulysses there is a notes section which is where you can put the synopsis as well as other information. Whichever application you use gives you word counts and the setting of targets. There is slightly more functionality with the word count because you can set a due date and you can have it work out family words you need to write per day to hit the target.Here is more information on my website – Scrivener versus Ulysses Part Two - Which one to choose? - Good and Geeky Books

There are various levels at which you can try to improve your marks.at time of writing the actual exam :The evaluation of answer scripts is done very quickly. Evaluating 30 papers in an hour is quite common. This means on an average your answer script gets maximum of 2 minutes, sometimes one or one-and-a-half minute. All the stuff you write on the 36 sheets of the answer booklet comes down to those 1-2 minutes of evaluation. You need to be smart enough to understand the psyche of the evaluator in those circumstances. No one has the time nor the interest to read your script word by word. You may have studied 10 hours a day the whole semester but the evaluator does not know you. He knows nothing about you. If you studied well, you need to tell the evaluator that in an intelligent way through your presentation. If you studied averagely, you need to hide that fact in an intelligent way through your presentation. If you did not study well, this answer cannot help you. Assuming you prepared reasonably well, these are some things you can do in your answer scripts.The pattern usually is answer 5 out of 8 questions. The first 2 questions need to be your best. Choose the questions which you can answer best. Never attempt questions in serial order. There is no rule on that. Be smart in choosing the first two questions you attempt. The evaluator reads in some depth only the first two answers. This forms an impression whether the student has stuff or not. It is in these two questions you need to show you have not restricted to the prescribed textbooks and that you have referred other books as well. Write the best you can in these first two questionsFor most courses, the first question is 2 marks bit questions totalling 7 bits. They are taken from one bit from each unit. Usually the syallabus for most subjects is split into 7–8 units and from each unit, a bit question is asked. Never attempt the bit questions first unless you know all the bits. The idea behind this question is to find out whether students have covered all units or left some units. It is normal for students to skip some units. 5 out of 8 choice easily allows to leave 2–3 units and still attempt 5 questions. It is a common strategy. But such a strategy will affect the bit questions since unless you studied all units, you cannot attempt all bit questions. That is why never attempt bit questions unless you know all of them. If you cannot answer some bit questions, the evaluator understands that you did not study all units. He thus makes inference that the student is not studious. That impression carries to next questions and he just glances over the answers even if you wrote them well. Therefore, if you cannot answer all bit questions, don’t attempt it first. Answer those questions which you can present wellDraw diagrams wherever possible. They should be neat and well labelled. What you write below the diagrams is not very relevant. This is a good area to expand the answer and fill pages. Always expand whatever you write below a diagram. It is usually skipped overNeat handwriting is extremely important. The Professors are typically old-timers who like neat presentation and neat hand-writing. I usually write very slowly and neatly for first two questions and from then on pick up speed of writingYou are given answer sheets at first before the question papers. Use that 5 minutes time to draw border around the pages. Take a pencil with you and draw small border,maybe half-a-centimeter wide on all four sides of the answer paper. It is part of a good presentationBecause the evaluation is done at such high pace with hardly two minutes per script - which means 20–25 seconds per question and sometimes even just 15–20 seconds, help the evaluator in evaluating your paper. You typically write a 14 marks question for 30 minutes in the exam and that whole stuff covering maybe 4–5 pages is evaluated in a mere 20 seconds! So help the evaluator by telling him what are the important points of your answer. Highlight them. It is like saying “these are the main points in my answer, the explanation is also there if you want but these are the points I am trying to cover”. Evaluators just love that. But don’t overdo it. Really try to help the evaluator by highlighting just the important terms and phrasesThe Professors have years of experience evaluating the papers. They keep seeing the same answers year after year. Usually all answers are from the same prescribed textbook. So it is the same blah-blah-blah which they know by-heart. If you script is say 20 in serial order in the bundle, he must have already seen 20 similar answers all repeating the same thing. Don’t make him yawn. The best option would have been to refer different textbooks and provide new points. But even if you cannot do that, atleast be different from the other answers. Just invent a diagram or flowchart summarising your points. Or give your answer in form of bullet points. Be different from the crowdUse colors. I usually allot the last 5–10 minutes coloring the side headings, bullet points and important key terms.use slightly larger handwriting than normal and try to fill all pages of the answer bookletbelow is a sample answer to a question “What is searching in algorithms? How do you determine the better algorithm between two algorithms. Describe in brief a few data structures used in searching.”points to note in the above sample answer :I usually use 3–4 colors : yellow for shading question numbers, pink for major heading, sky blue for minor headings, orange for underline (I used dark green for underlining in this sample since I cannot find the orange one right now)The question has three parts - what is searching, how to find which is better, describe few data structuresI split the answer into 4 major headings shaded in pink. The second part regarding importance/applications is not asked in the question. But this is a good way to fill pages. When the question says “What is searching”, it makes sense to elaborate a few applications also. This is one way to expand and fill pages. Don’t answer directly to the point. If you do that, you will hardly fill 10–15 pages. Answer the periphery of the question also such as applications, advantages, disadvantages, diagram, etc. even if not asked forThe key terms are shaded sky blue. If the evaluator is tight on time and just glances the answer sheet, his eyes will definitely go to the shaded terms.some phrases which I think show my extra knowledge are underlined in dark green. For example, I wrote “a company like Facebook stores its user data in a graph data structure”. This is not standard textbook stuff. Textbooks are written decades back and do not have contemporary examples. This example shows the evaluator that I have read from additional sourcesGive examples. It fills pages and also impresses the evaluator. Also try to give different examples. For example, I have given examples of search engines as Google, Baidu, Duckduckgo. The evaluator is aware of Google but may be not Baidu or Duckduckgo. Know the contemporary issues in your subject and intelligently create a sentence to fit it somewhere in the answerThrow some statistics. For example, I wrote that a typical search query on Google takes 0.2 seconds. How do I know? I don’t know! When searching Google, usually the result is instantaneous so it must be less than a second. We all experienced cases where the results are almost instantaneous like fraction of a second. So anything between 0.1 to 0.5 seconds is good enough. I don’t expect the evaluator to verify this- he doesnot have the time nor the interest. Just throw in some reasonable statisticsLook at the table. Nobody asked for the table. The question just asks to describe a few search algorithms. Anything that says “describe” is boring stuff. We need to write lot of theory and it usually turns out to be long paragraphs. The evaluator will not have time to read all that. So I first write a “summary”. In this summary table, I summarise 5 key aspects of a few popular data structures. Below the table I also give the description which the question asked for. The evaluator will be more than happy to skip the description part if he glances over the table since it is condensedDon’t use highlighters for coloring as it will be felt on the reverse side of the sheet also. I use Faber Castell color pencils containing 18 double side pencils so total 36 color shades. I pick 3–4 of them. Don’t use any shade of red or green since it is not allowedThere are no rules for presentation. This is just a sample answer. Create your own. The ultimate aim is to create a favorable impression to the evaluator who has just 20 seconds time to go through your 3–4 pages question. Draw his attention to the key terms using good coloring.2. relation with Professors :usually your college professor will be evaluating your college answer scripts. Random allotment of colleges to evaluators is rarely done. The hallticket number is to be torn off to hide identity of students but I heard that even that is not done. This means that it is very likely that your Professor will know that it is your paperIf you not the type who runs after Professors for doubts, etc., atleast don’t be in his bad books.Good attendance helpsRegular submission of assignments, projects in time, even if they are not totally correct, helpsAlways maintain eye contact with Professors in class and keep nodding your head often as if you understood what he is saying. Normally, at the time when the Professor looks at the class, most students look at the blackboard, look at notes, or write notes or do something else. Many will not be interested in the class and the Professors can easily detect that. But knowing all this, they still continue with the class because most of these do not directly imply student is not attentive. Just because the student is writing notes or looking at the blackboard does not mean he is not attentive. So the Professor continues. In that scenario, if you are one of the few who continuously make eye contact, you will be in good books of the Professor. They need a few students to look into and teach. If all are not looking at him, he cannot teach to the walls. You might also have observed this - professors usually look at 4–5 students and teach the class. In a class of 60, maybe around 10 who will be actively listening. You should be among them. I did this in my +2, B.Tech and M.Tech. I can confidently say Professors keep looking at me and teach. My internal marks are always better than what I deserved. There are courses where I deserved 10–15 marks out of internal 30 marks due to poor performance in mid term and assignments but was given 28–29 marks just for being attentive in class and regularly attending classes. I never write notes when Professor is facing the class. Only when they turn towards the board, I write notes. Sometimes when even when he does not say anything important and when no body is taking notes, I suddenly take notes making the Professor feel “Oh, I have said something important, nobody else picked it, he is writing it down”. In a class of 60, if you are the only one jotting down his words, he feels very good. There are many such things to do but at some level you need to be diligent and sincere. Pure tricks alone won’t do the job.My concept of internal marks is very clear. You somehow need to get the best marks. In a typical M Tech course here, there are 6 subjects + 2 labs. The 6 subjects have 30 internal and 70 external while labs have 50 internal and 50 external weightage. Labs external do not count since almost all get same marks as internal and it is totally in hands of the faculty. So internal marks have total weightage of 30 x 6 = 180 for internal subjects and 200 for labs totalling 380. So out of 800 marks total marks, internal marks have weightage of 380 i.e. close to 50%. This is enormous. Even if I get just 50% in externals, the combined score is pulled up to 70% if I could get 90% in internals. 60% in externals will pull the total score to 75% That is why you should never miss out on internal marks. Always be in the good books of the Professors. Remember internal marks are not in the hands of the Professor, they are in your own hands3. relation with Research Scholars :if you are in University campus, be in good terms with the Professor’s Research Scholars.The Scholars stay with the Professor the whole day and have good rapport with themMost of the Professor work is delegated to the scholarsThough the scholars will not evaluate the answer scripts, valuable information such as important questions can be obtained from them4. at time of attending classes :don’t waste time taking verbatim notes (unless the Professor is serious about students taking notes)just jot down important pointswatch out for words such as “this is important”, “asked in previous exams”, “important concept”, etc. - make sure you do not leave them while preparing for exams5. preparing notes :make habit of preparing good notesat the time of exam, you really cannot revise entire textbook. This means even if you studied entire textbook during the semester, you retain very little of it by the end of semester. Then one week before the exam, everything you see appears fresh. That is why you need to make notesNotes for a subject should be ideally around 20–30 pages. These are the only pages you should revise before examsMost of the stuff in textbooks is explanation. What you need is only key points. Once you know the key points, the explanation can be written in your own words. In any case, nobody reads your entire answer word by word, so explanation is not that important. The key terms and concepts are importantCondense the textbook material in form of bullet points with brief explanation. An entire unit should take no more than 6 pages. An entire subject should take no more than 20–30 sheetsif you like to work in groups, split the process of preparing notes between different persons - like, one for each unitbelow is a sample notes which I prepared for Computer Architecture coursealways use colors while preparing notes. Believe me, while revising at end of semester, you feel good seeing the colors. You recall the time you spent in preparing these notes and coloring them. You feel that while all others are going through 600–800 pages of textbook, you need to go through only these 30 sheets. Psychologically, you feel very good while revising these sheets