15-16 Student Handbook: Fill & Download for Free

It wouldn’t hurt to start learning the road rules at a younger age. I started to read the driving handbook at 15, and by the time I turned 16 I knew all the rules by heart. On the test day I only got one question wrong, and now I’m more confident as a driver knowing pretty much all the rules.

On August 6, 1945, Japanese middle-schooler Yasuhiko Taketa hurried to finish his chores. He had to be at school later that morning, and the minutes ticked by with interminable slowness.[1]Though the day offered wonderfully clear skies, Yasuhiko was forced to deliver some miso to his newly-married sister. Time with friends would have to wait.[2]I wasn't very happy about having to do that errand, but I headed for the train station. I remember looking up at the blue sky during my walk to the station, and thinking, "It's going to be another hot day." The air-raid siren went off, so I turned around and went back home. My mother scolded me, so I set out once again for the station, but the train had already departed.I sat on the railing at the ticket gate to wait for the next train. When I thought it should be coming in at any moment, I looked at the station clock. It read a little after 8:10 a.m.[3]Suddenly Yasuhiko was blinded by a “dazzling flash of light, brighter even than the sun.” A bluish white haze enveloped the station, followed by an “ear-splitting roar.”[4]My ears were ringing. The ground trembled under my feet, and all the buildings in the area were shaking. Window panes were blown out and shattered. I was knocked hard onto my back, and thought that my bowels were going to burst out of my abdomen.My forehead felt hot, and I unconsciously touched it with my hand. When I looked at the sky, I saw a tiny, glittering, white object, about the size of a grain of rice, tinged with yellow, and red, which soon grew into a monstrous fireball. It was traveling in my direction, and I felt as though it was going to envelop me.[5]It was only 8:15am in Hiroshima, Japan.[6] Rush hour snarled the roads on an otherwise normal morning.But the worst horrors of the day were still to come.Photo: A man stands in the rubble surrounding a former movie theater in Hiroshima, Japan, a month after the atomic bomb was dropped, in September 1945. Stanley Troutman, AP. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/02/a-single-jawbone-has-revealed-just-how-much-radiation-hiroshima-bomb-victims-absorbed/The American B-29 Superfortress (Enola Gay) that dropped the atomic bomb “Little Boy” was already eleven miles away when the weapon detonated. It exploded “1,968 feet above the Dr. Shima’s Clinic, 550 feet away from the aiming point of the Aioi Bridge.”[7]In less than a tenth of a second, the fireball above the city expanded to “one hundred feet in diameter, combined with a temperature of 500,000 degrees Fahrenheit.”[8]Neutrons and gamma rays reach the ground. The ionizing radiation is responsible for causing the majority of the radiological damage to all exposed humans, animals and other biological organisms.The superheated air above the ground glows. [9]Fifteen miles away, aboard the American observation plane Necessary Evil (which had accompanied Enola Gay on the mission), navigator Russell Gackenbach was stunned at the bright flash, even through his welder’s goggles. “If I would have had a small print Bible, I could have read it without difficulty,” he remembered. [10]The tail gunner aboard Enola Gay, George “Bob” Caron, struggled to see through the flash. He described what he saw to his crewmates.It's like bubbling molasses down there. The mushroom is spreading out. Fires are springing up everywhere. It's like a peep into hell.[11]Down below, those near ground zero were the lucky ones; they were instantly vaporized into “puffs of smoke.”[12]Those further away from the extreme heat faced unimaginable suffering. Infrared energy attacked exposed skin for miles along the blast radius.The intense heat melted the eyeballs of some who had stared in wonder at the blast; it burned off facial features and seared skin all over the body into peeling, draping strips. The survivors who first emerged out of the roiling inferno that the center of Hiroshima had become walked like automatons, their arms held forward, hands dangling.In shock, they instinctively tried to keep their burned skin from touching anything, including themselves.[13]Photo: Injured civilians at 11am. United Nations Photo, Yoshito Matsushige. ‘Cataclysmic events’ in Hiroshima, Nagasaki, began ‘global push’ against nuclear weapons says Guterres, honouring victimsOne second after the explosion, the fireball was already 900 feet in diameter at the hypocenter. The blast wave slowed to “approximately the speed of sound,” with a ground temperature of 7,000 degrees Fahrenheit.[14] Overhead, the telltale signs of the mushroom cloud began to form. The blast wave, though slowing, continued its path of mass slaughter in all directions.[15]Yoshitaka Kawamoto, a survivor who is now the director of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, was a 13-year-old student about a half mile from the blast site.Two seconds after the explosion, his schoolhouse ignited like kindling in a campfire. Most of his classmates died where they sat.[16]Through a hole in the roof I could see clouds swirling in a cone; some were black, some pink. There were fires in the middle of the clouds. I checked my body. Three upper teeth were chipped off; perhaps a roof tile had hit me. My left arm was pierced by a piece of wood that stuck in my flesh like an arrow. Unable to pull it out, I tied a tourniquet around my upper arm to stanch the flow of blood. I had no other injuries, but I did not run away. We were taught that it was cowardly to desert one’s classmates. So I crawled about the rubble, calling, ‘Is there anyone alive?’Then I saw an arm shifting under planks of wood. Ota, my friend, was moving. But I could see that his back was broken, and I had to pull him up into the clear. Ota was looking at me with his left eye. His right eyeball was hanging from his face.I think he said something, but I could not make it out. Pieces of nails were stuck on his lips. He took a student handbook from his pocket. I asked, ‘Do you want me to give this to your mother?’ Ota nodded. A moment later he died. By now the school was engulfed in flames. I started to walk away, and then looked back. Ota was staring at me with his one good eye. I can still see that eye in the dark.[17]Photos: Survivors with burn scars, 1945. Getty Images. 24 Disturbing Pictures From The Aftermath Of Nuclear WarfareAfter the blast, survivor Kaleria Palchikoff Drago made her way to a military hospital. She described the horrific injuries of the victims that streamed towards the still-living doctors and nurses.[18]People started coming out, some bruised, some wounded, some burned. We started up the road towards the mountains and we saw Negroes--they weren't Japanese, they were Negroes. And I asked them `What happened to you? What's the matter with you?' And they said, `We saw the flash and this is the color we turned.'[19]At the hospital, she could barely stand the sight of the wounds.The skin just peel off. Some of them you could see the bone. Their eyes were closed. The nose bled. Lips swelled and the whole head started swelling. And as soon as they gave water to them, they'd vomit it all out and they'd keep on vomiting until they die, blood rushed out and that was the end of them.On the second day, the wounds became yellow in color and they'd go deeper and deeper. No matter how much you try to take off the yellow, rotten flesh would just go deeper and deeper. And I don't think it pained them very much.[20]Two-thirds of the city’s 90,000 buildings were demolished. Shattered windows flung shards of glass everywhere, embedding even into concrete walls.[21]The effects on the city dug even deeper than the visible manifestation of terror and destruction, with buildings and humans alike incinerated for more than four square miles. Random whirlwinds swept up unfortunate survivors. Dark drops of water (“black rain”) fell to earth.[22]Objects, human or inanimate, that came between the blast and other objects cast their shadows as unburned patterns on the protected space: a spiral ladder was imprinted on the surface of a storage plant behind it.Survivors foraging for food in vegetable gardens later that day dug up potatoes and found that they had been baked in the ground.[23]Image: The shadows of Hiroshima: Haunting imprints of people killed by the blastAs the ash settled, the Japanese government was left to calculate the toll. Out of a city of 330,000, more than 66,000 were dead, with 69,000 more wounded.[24] Sickness and disease lingered for years afterwards, claiming a still uncounted number of victims.And even then, the terror was not yet complete. The scariest day of the twentieth century would be repeated once again three days later, only 420 kilometers to the southwest of Hiroshima.We knew the world would not be the same. A few people laughed, a few people cried, most people were silent. I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, takes on his multi-armed form and says, "Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds."I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.[25]“Father" of the atomic bomb J. Robert Oppenheimer, on seeing the first nuclear test.Footnotes[1] Testimony of Yasuhiko Taketa, a survivor of Hiroshima[2] Testimony of Yasuhiko Taketa, a survivor of Hiroshima[3] Testimony of Yasuhiko Taketa, a survivor of Hiroshima[4] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/08/05/what-it-was-like-to-survive-the-atomic-bombing-of-hiroshima/[5] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/08/05/what-it-was-like-to-survive-the-atomic-bombing-of-hiroshima/[6] Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing Timeline[7] Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing Timeline[8] Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing Timeline[9] Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing Timeline[10] Russell E. Gackenbach's Interview[11] Sixty Years in the Shadow of the Bomb[12] DOOMSDAYS[13] DOOMSDAYS[14] Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing Timeline[15] Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing Timeline[16] Read a Schoolboy's Eyewitness Account of Hiroshima[17] Read a Schoolboy's Eyewitness Account of Hiroshima[18] Seeing the Horror of Hiroshima[19] Seeing the Horror of Hiroshima[20] Seeing the Horror of Hiroshima[21] Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing Timeline[22] DOOMSDAYS[23] DOOMSDAYS[24] The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki[25] Robert Oppenheimer

That is not a real policy. Each college may set a specific policy, but unless it appears in your student handbook, do not assume you can leave. If the professor was held up for a legitimate reason, then arrived at minute 16, you may be marked absent and your grade could be in jeopardy.