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When I lived in Bangalore, I frequently saw commercial planes landing at old airport near Marathalli. Now that airport area is exclusively used by HAL to manufacture jet planes like Tejas and its testing. I also saw many HAL buses plying on the roads carrying PSU employees and also empty HAL buses stopping near bust stands and picking up commuters for a fee. Many times I travelled on empty HAL buses from office to home paying nominal bus fare. So, for me, HAL is more of a bus service in Bangalore than Aeronautics manufacturing PSU! Meanwhile Bangalore has been renamed as Bangaluru. Does this improves HAL’s performance? Since year 2008, old HAL airport is closed for civil flights as civil flights shifted to bigger and better Kempegowda International Airport north of the city. This is revenue loss to HAL and its employees are agitating to revive civil flights to earn revenue. HAL approached NDA II defence minister Manohar Parikar for bailout and he asked commercial airliners to use Bangaluru HAL airport partly for some revenue generation for HAL. HAL should realize that civil flight operation management is under jurisdiction of AAI (Airport Authority of India) and HAL should focus on its core competency of manufacturing defence jets and helicopters.HAL however has few success stories also. In a short span of nearly 15 years, HAL has developed attack helicopter call LCH (Light Combat Helicopter). It is one of the best in it’s class compares well with USA Russian European or Chinese attach helicopters. Japan is keen to buy LCH. LCH need was felt in 1999 Kargil war where bulky Russian utility helicopters were shot down and failed to deliver punch at high altitude to holed up Pakistani soldiers. LCH got initial operational clearance in 2015 & demonstrated bomb dropping and other missile firing at Iron Fist IAF exercise at Pokharan in 2015. Final operational clearance is expected by 2017 followed by serial production. LCH production is expected to start from 2018 but how many LCH per year can be expected from this plant each year. China has production base of its attack helicopter ZH-10. And recent news published by Chinese media that all Army divisions Corp has been provided with a regiment of ZH-10 chopper. To counter this threat, India must produce huge volume of LCH per year and not merely 2-3 choppers per year. IAF has given 64 LCH order to HAL and if past performance is any indication, HAL will take 40-45 years to make these 64 LCH! A recent good news is HAL wants to give technology to an Indian company who can make large numbers of ALH Dhruv choppers.HAL LUH takes first flight in 2016. HAL LCH is a great helicopter that needs bulk production on priorityAnother success story of HAL is development of LUH (Light Utility Helicopter) derived from previously developed Advance Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv . Dhruv is first indigenously developed chopper by HAL and relatively successful. More than 200 Dhruv was made by 2013 but it cannot be called a complete success as there few are crashes in IAF and in Equador, which is the only country outside India who ordered Dhruv. Few Dhruv chopper in Equador crashed and they cancelled entire export order of 6 choppers. Hope new HAL LUH will be a better chopper and gets off the block soon and sufficient quantity serial production starts as early as possible. IAF needs 400 LUH type planes and already India and Russian signed a contract to manufacture 140 out of 200 Russian Kamov 226 model chopper in India. Can HAL handle all these load? HAL is making (or just assembling) Sukhoi 30 MKI under licence and its maintenance, Tejas fighter jet, British jet trainer Hawk under license and chopper LCH. Manufacturing speed, however, is extremely slow 2-5 planes per year. HAL is made 4 Tejas jet in year 2016 and 3 Tejas made flypast during Republic Day parade 2017. HAL plans to ramp-up production to 8 by year 2017-18 and 16 by 2018-19 and 24 by 2020. A second HAL factory is up at Tumkuru near Bangaluru for helicopters and a third factory for Tejas (second Tejas factory produced its first plane SP5 in January 2017) is considered by government and HAL started outsourcing critical components from private sectors to speedup assembly. If the current slow speed continues, India’s immediate requirement of small single engine planes and choppers will be available in 50 years! China producing 200 jet planes per year and its Aeronautics industry is 7 times bigger than India. Then what is the solution? In the original Raphel MMRCA proposal, 18 planes were to be manufactured in France and 108 in India in collaboration with the HAL. It was later discovered that the cost of 108 fighters would go up by about Rs 150 crore per plane since the labour man hours in India (read HAL inefficiency) were 2.7 times higher than in France, raising questions about the French firm being the lowest bidder. On December 2016, Admiral Sunil Lanba, India’s chief of naval staff (CNS), caused a minor flutter in the media by suggesting that the Navy was doing a rethink on the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) project, India’s premier light fighter jet program. In an article in July 2016, Admiral Arun Prakash (retd.), a former chief of naval staff, outlined three reasons why the military leadership was apprehensive about the project. Firstly, Prakash pointed out that Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the huge public sector firm manufacturing the LCA, is a monolithic, indolent giant with a work ethos that struck dread in the hearts of air-warriors. The company’s unionized employees were a cause for low productivity and poor production engineering standards that created many maintenance and inter-changeability problems on aircraft. Secondly, there was a high failure rate of HAL manufactured components and systems that didn’t inspire confidence among military aviation managers. And lastly, Prakash pointed to the suboptimal production support, which often left HAL customers high and dry.HAL’s unionised employees stand behind trophies for Lalbagh Garden (Bangaluru) flower show. Is HAL is supposed to be doing this? (photo from HAL website). HAL’s first jet Marut was born obsolete. It was used only for colourful flypast and gallery shows.Maruti Automobile may know nothing about Aeronautical engineering but they are good at just-in-time Automobile production. Maruti has developed large ancillary industry in Gurugram and Manesar belt near Delhi which help them produce more than 14 lakhs (2016) cars per annum. HAL must adopt this type of production model instead of do-everything-yourself which produces few jets, few helicopters per annum.HAL has huge history of failure. Marut, the first indigenous jet plane before Tejas was made by HAL in collaboration with German company. Marut project disappeared without a trace. German designed Marut was supposed to fly with maximum speed of Mach 2 but its maximum speed was barely Mach 1. Soviet Union provided a blueprint for its popular jet Mig-27 when it was state-of-the art jet for serial production in India. HAL failed to raise to the occation to copy Mig-27 when it has all the blueprints and knowhow. Tejas jet took 35 years to clear initial operational clearance which was developed by DRDO & HAL. Government given go ahead to Tejas mark 1 for 20 jets and 80 Tejas mark 1A to make HAL production up and running despite auditor CAG listed 52 deficiency in Tejas mark 1 before it can be engaged in a hostile dogfight. HAL promised they will resolve most of these deficiencies in Tejas mark 1A which is expected to be operational by 2019. Question remains by when IAF will get its due 80 Tejas mark 1A jets? And will they be obsolete once all 80 planes are operational in year say, 2027? Every taxpayer Indian has right to know what is being manufactured at HAL’s 19 manufacturing plants and at what speed. China, on the other hand, producing defence jets and helicopters at volume which is 20 times bigger than India, thus creating a huge technology gulf between two countries. If Tejas jet fails, it can still be used as advance jet trainer but that 40-45 year money and time waste experience of slow learning of every Aeronautical engineering from scratch will be eye opener for Indian politicians and burrocrats. These decision makers should learn from Indian Metro Rail projects. First Metro project was done at Calcutta (now Kolkata) with Indian engineers with the objective of do it yourself mode in order to learn new technology. That project of 16 KM metro rail was completed in 32 years. Second metro rail project was Delhi Metro which was started with speed of execution in mind and in initial phase, all works were executed by foreign consultants but Indians learned technology vary fast. After a decade, Delhi Metro third phase was mostly done by Indian consultants and even TBM (tunnel boring machine) operators were Indian. So, which process is better? India should follow Delhi metro route for Aeronotical engineering development by allowing Boeing, Lockheed Martin and Sukhoi etc. to deploy production centres with Indian private sector as JV for faster development of this industry. Private sector productivity and efficiency will drive speed and efficiency in Indian Aeronautical industry. We should remember HMT (Hindustan Machine Tools) was big PSU in India in 1980’s with multiple factories and assembly line in Bangalore, buses for employee commute and lost benefits for PSU employees. HMT was called time keepers of the nation as it has near monopoly in wrist watch market segment in 1980s. That changed after Tata group launched Titan wrist watches after economic liberalization in early 1990s. By 21st century HMT became sick PSU due to cost plus manufacturing inefficiency, burro-cracy, lack of marketing & inability to adapt to new technology. By 2016, PSU HMT was dissolved. Hope PSU HAL will not have same fate.IAF inducted two LCA Tejas mark I in 2016 for Flying Daggers squadron before Final Operation Clearance and Tejas made first Republic day parade on 26 January 2017 with three jets. These included two LCA Tejas mark I and a trainer version. On a routine flight from Leh to Bangalore, a Tejas jet landed at Bhopal due to rains (or bad weather). It was reported that water was seeping inside the cockpit. The plane was covered with a tarpaulin sheet to prevent water seepage and photographers were not allowed to take pictures. This proves how poorly designed DRDO / ADA / HAL Tejas jet is. Rain water seepage do not happen even from a Rs 2 lakh rupees Maruti 800 car (it is called Japanese quality). The Tejas has by one account produced One of the single worst fighter projects that has ever been conceived of in the history of aviation. Even as it enters service, the aircraft is already obsolete. However, march past of 3 Tejas for the first time in Republic day parade 2017 gives hope Tejas will survive technological obsolesce. The engine on the Tejas mark I presently is the US-built GE-404, the radar is the Israeli Elta 2032, the ejection seat is British, and the weapons are a mix-and-match from around the world. Many of these imported systems need to eventually be developed in India, but more time will be needed to build up the technology base. The Tejas is never going to re-define the words "state-of-the-art." At the same time, the development of the Tejas is a fairly positive indicator of where India stands in its ability to manufacture fighter aircraft.According to IAF assessments, the Tejas LCA, when compared to Saab’s JAS-39 Gripen and Lockheed Martin’s F-16, boasts reduced airborne endurance — 59 minutes versus three hours for the Gripen and nearly four hours for the F-16. The Tejas can also only carry a weapons payload of around three tons against nearly six tons by the Gripen and seven tons by the F-16. Maintenance requirements for the Tejas LCA are also higher than with foreign combat aircraft. The Tejas LCA requires 20 hours of serving for every hour of flying against six hours for the Gripen and 3.5 hours for the F-16. In addition, the service life of the Tejas LCA is also half that of the 40 years found in both the Gripen and F-16. But this is not a true picture. Tejas is much smaller than Gripen or F-16. Large number of Tejas can fight and win air battles if they fight like wild dog. Wild dogs are often found in jungles of Peninsular jungles and they hunt in a team. Even a much bigger tiger do not confront a group of wild dogs as tiger knows that tiger may kill few wild dogs but ultimately a group of well co-ordinated wild dog group will easily kill a solitary tiger. This should be the game-plan for Tejas. A large number of smaller Tejas needed to target bigger enemy jets. Tejas due to its small size is stealthy by birth and if more composites are added on its surface it will become more stealthy and a game changer!There could, however, also be surprise entries into the Indian competition from the US, with Raytheon, which manufactures the AESA radar for the F/A 18 Super Hornet and the F 16 also showing interest. While in the past, US firms had limited options to offer to New Delhi, with India now gaining Major Defence Partner status, transfer of sensitive technology and licences have been made easier. The integration of an AESA radar was a key parameter for the Air Force to clear the order for 83 LCA Mk 1A fighters, after years of blocking the indigenous fighter on concerns that it would not be combat worthy.Navy refusing HAL Tejas naval versionAs far back as the early 1990s, the navy had initiated a study for examining the feasibility of adapting the LCA to shipborne use. While confirming feasibility, the study had revealed some major problem areas, which included lack of engine thrust, requirement of an arrester hook and stronger undercarriage, and need for cockpit/fuselage re-design before the LCA could attempt carrier operations. Undaunted, the navy re-affirmed its faith in the programme by contributing over Rs 400 crore as well as engineers and test pilots to the project.The prototype LCA (Navy) had rolled out in July 2010, raising great hopes. However, it is obvious that the DRDO failed to address the problems listed above with any urgency, leading to ultimate rejection of this ambitious project. By its failure to deliver on the LCA (Navy), the DRDO has let down its most steadfast supporter amongst the armed forces, the Indian Navy. A little introspection by those at the helm of this organisation would reveal to them three reasons for its abysmal performance despite a wealth of talent and a network of sophisticated laboratories - an exaggerated opinion of their capabilities; a lack of intellectual honesty in denying obvious failures, lazy speed and an unwillingness to seek external help when required.Exercise Red Flag at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada is considered one of the most realistic and challenging aviation warfare exercises. IAF participated in Exercise Red Flag with its Su 30 MKI in 2016 to take on USAF F-16 jets. This game IAF exposure in handling F-16 which is used by Pakistan Air Force (PAF). Exercise Red Flag from January 23 to February 10, 2017 was pitched between USAF 5th generation stealth jet F-35 and 4th generation F-16 jets. F-35 got Impressive 15:1 kill Ratio at Red Flag War Games over F-16. If this is the state of affair, how will a 4th generation Tejas will handle USAF F-35 or Chinese J-20? It will be a fight between a falcon and a sparrow.Until the Tejas arrived, India had lacked a locally built jet fighter since the 1970s when it had the Marut and Gnat/Ajeet, but were retired quickly because the IAF wanted to only import foreign fighters to bridge the technology gap between Marut and USA supplied Sabrejet of PAF. India thus lost development continuity. This blunder must not be repeated because airpower in the 21st century will reflect India’s manufacturing strength. With warplanes growing in complexity and costs, and hostile stealth aircraft about to debut in India’s neighbourhood, imports are certainly not an option.Indian scientists haven’t gained much hands-on experience in joint development of PAK-FA T-50 with Russian as the project PAK-FA T-50 is a fairly mature aircraft for India to get substantial work share. In fact, HAL – which initially hoped to get some development work from Sukhoi – has surrendered much of its quota of work. When India and Russia inked the FGFA deal in December 2011, HAL had only 15 per cent of the work share but was paying 50 per cent of the development cost. But India’s share in research-and-development was limited by its domestic industrial capabilities. The country had no expertise in stealth, which has taxed the world’s leading armament companies.After Modi government in place, there seems to be some positive movement to speed up production rate. Modi lay foundation for a new helicopter factory at Tumkuru near Bangaluru in January 2016 to make LUH, LCH and ALH Dhruva. During Aero India 2017, defence minister Manohar Parrikar declared that a new plant will be up and running in next 18-24 months and will have the capacity to manufacture 8 LCA-Tejas aircraft per year. HAL chief T Suvarna Raju said in March 2017 that HAL will deliver 8 LCA jets in year 2017 and start an annual delivery of 16 jets from 2018-19 onwards. He also said "we are going to build around 1,000 helicopters including Kamov 226, LCH (Light Combat Helicopter), ALH (Advanced Light Helicopter) in the next 10 years,". This is a tall order. Can Modi magic transform HAL? HAL in collaboration with BAE upgraded the jet trainer Hawk Mk132 into light attack aircraft Hawk-I for low intensity conflicts. Hawk-i is capable of delivering precision Munitions including Air to Ground and close combat weapons, self defence capabilities through Electronic Warfare systems, digital map generator and operational reliability through new Dual Hot stand-by Mission Computer Avionics architecture supported by indigenous high accuracy and high Altitude Radio Altimeter, IFF MKXII, Data Transfer system, CMDS and RWR. Such "light attack aircraft" are adept at several missions that high-performance fighters are ill suited to perform. Flying slower, their pilots get more time to identify targets, especially over jungle terrain, or when targets are camouflaged. In mountains, accuracy is extremely important because even narrowly missing a target on a sharp ridgeline means the bomb or rocket strikes harmlessly, hundreds of feet below. Light attack aircraft allow greater accuracy. One can hope all existing Hawk Mk132 to become light attack aircraft in a specified timeframe. Can Modi bring aache din for Indian Aeronautics industry and HAL? HAL needs more assembly lines for Tejas, LCH, Hawk-I etc. or completely handover production to private sector players who can produce jets in large numbers like Maruti.Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman recently said state-run Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) willhave to scale up production of Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), asserting that the government has not "ditched" the project for any other fighter jet.Seeing speedup of performance, Delhi is now making extra demands to Moscow when it comes to the joint production of a Fifth-Generation Fighter Aircraft (FGFA). India may go in for this joint venture only under the condition of a full-scale technology transfer and if Russia provided help in the development of the indigenous Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA). According to media, the Indian side bases such demands on the experience of the Sukhoi-30MKI jet acquisition programme, which cost India Rs 55,717 crore ($8.4 billion) without any tangible help in developing indigenous fighter-manufacturing capabilities. The recipient company Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL) is still unable to manufacture the Sukhois on its own.HAL / DRDO Tejas took first flight in 2001 but Final Operational Clearance (FOC) received in December 2018. NDA defence minister Manohar Parikar checks AMCA model. HAL AMCA is still in models for twenty years (1995-2015) and DRDO’s ADE / ADA labs are still conducting wind tunnel tests. With this speed it may take more than 100 years to fly this jet.

I am a sophomore currently...I wanted to pursue CSE when i was in 12th...but ended up getting admission in ECE...In my freshman year I wanted CSE badly but gradually learnt that ECE is the right branch for me...Many students face lot of problems to choose the best engineering college and engineering course for their bright feature. Engineering education is growing very rapidly in the world due to the changing economic and industrial scenario.There are many engineering colleges in our state and they offer the engineering courses like CSE,ECE,EEE, Mechanical, Civil, Automobile, Aeronautical, Petroleum etc., In fact there is a wide demand for all the engineering professionals in the global market.The below listed points will help the student and parent s to think broad while choosing the college or course.Engineering education plays very vital role for overall growth of the nation and hence there is a big demand for skilled engineers:In India, the demand has grown exponentially, fueled largely by the boom in knowledge-based industries like the IT sector Hence every branch of engineering is equally good.Every branch will have its own significance and importance in the corporate field. A student should have zeal to study the subject with dedication and interest.For example a Computer Engineer will think to design a product using programming tools. A civil engineer is ready to prepare blue prints of the buildings, dams etc., Student should make a brief research on the following points to choose the good engineering college and the course:(a)Qualified and experienced faculty available in a college. The data may be available in the college web sites. ( M Tech and PhD are the basic qualifications required for an engineering professor and MSc,PhD for a humanities professor)(b)Infrastructure available in the laboratories: engineering is a practical oriented profession. So everyone needs lot of hands on experience . A student should visit college or the websites to know about the state of the art laboratories available in colleges. For example the systems and their configuration available in a computer lab, electrical machines available in electrical labs. Student should also know about the skilled manpower available in the college laboratories.(c)Academic Calendar: Every engineering college will follow the schedule of academic calendar issued by the affiliated university. It tells about the total number of instruction days, schedule of internal and external examinations, assignments etc.,(d)Results: Student and the parent should also make enquiry about the student pass percentage in the university examinations.(e)Placements: Verify the number of students placed ( branch wise) in different companies and the annual salary offered to the student. Student should also verify the training procedure implemented for placements.(f)Research and Development Activities: In engineering, a student is trained to understand the tools, techniques, and concepts to solve a specicific problem with analysis and research activities. During this process a student will come out with good innovative ideas which leads to design and develop good technical projects.(g)Certificate courses and Internships: Many engineering colleges offer in house training programs of different certification courses like Oracle, Big Data, CAD/CAM, MySQL etc., Few organizations will also offer internships ( with stipends) to eligible students(h)GATE/GRE/TOEFL/IES: Many circuit branch engineering students (CSE,IT,ECE,EEE) will prefer to do MS after their 4years of engineering education. Few colleges will give in house training on these courses.Computer Science and EngineeringA Computer Science Engineer will work on both software and hardware. They can work for the areas like banking, multimedia, healthcare, Telecommunications, neurobotics, scientific applications, network applications, graphic applications, bioinformatics.Agriculture, GIS, Customer Relationship Management, forensic applications etc., The academic curriculum specified by many universities is more adoptable for a CSE student to learn all core subjects like C, C++, Java, MySQL, Web technology, UML, Oracle, Operating Systems, CN,AI, Image Processing, Mobile Applications, Cloud Computing, Computer Architecture, Robotics, Software Testing etc.Almost all medium and large scale companies recruit Computer engineers as Programmers/System Analysts/Graphic Designers/Web Developers/Cyber Security applications.“The Indian IT-BPM sector continues to be one of the largest employers in the country directly employing nearly 3.5 million professionals, adding over 2,30,000 employees”Electronics & Communication Engineering (ECE)Electronics field plays very key role in all electronic equipment. An Electronic Engineer will be capable to work with IC manufacturing companies, VLSI applications, Embedded systems, assembling of electronic components etc., All electronic devices need software interface to run and come with one other or other device controlling programs architected and developed by electronics and communication engineering.Conclusion: Both the branches are pretty awesome! and interesting...it depends on you inclination...ECE and CSE are inter-related...one cannot survive without the other...I was given a choice and I made a choice that suited me....Now it's your turn to make choice...and be sure to make the right one....I hope this answer helps you and the others (if any) who read it...Best Of Luck!May God Bless All :D

A lot of laws are old and outdated. What’s one law you think needs to be changed or added?There is one law I can think of.I was pulled over for a traffic ticket.When you get pulled over, they always ask for three things.Drivers licenseRegistrationProof of Financial Responsibilities (aka Car insurance card)The CA Highway patrol asked me for all three things but on the Registration, I had a copied one and not the original. He demanded the “original” not the copy. I said you don’t need the original. We went back and forth like this 3 times. Then, His “smart-ass” response was, “I’ll just write you a ticket for that also”. I said, “fine do it.”He pulled me over for crossing the double yellow lines, into the carpool HOV lane. I had another passenger so we met the criteria for 2 or more people plus my car was a brand new 2018 Nissan LEAF EV which was allowed in the carpool lane even with 1 person because it’s an EV.Anyway, Well he walked back to his CHP motorcycle and was there for the longest time searching for the code in his CVC (California Vehicle Code) book to write me up. He couldn’t find it so when he came back I only received the ticket for crossing the two double lines.Well, I have a J.D. law degree and one of my skills is to help people fight traffic tickets.So I wrote up my complaint. My argument was as follows.See LA is in Cal-Trans District 7. San Francisco is in Cal-trans District 11. Orange County (OC) is in Cal-trans District 12.In San Fran and OC Cal-Trans permits you to go in and out of the carpool HOV lane anywhere. In LA you can only enter / exit at the broken lines, not the solid double lines.My argument was I had just left OC and entered LA and there was no marker to show where each county line ended and was delineated. Thus I was free to enter the carpool lane since I believed I was still in OC territory. I also said I had a 2nd passenger, my 15-year-old son, AND my car was an approved EV that could travel in the carpool HOV lane even if I was by myself.The traffic court bought my argument and the ticket was dismissed.==============================================Okay here’s the tricky part on where the law is “outdated” and should be removed.It was the part where he insisted I had to have the original registration in the car, in my car instead of a copy.I researched and showed the court that that law was invented in the days “BEFORE” or “PRIOR” to computers in police units and “BEFORE” or “PRIOR” to they had CB radios in police units and before they had copiers or XEROX copy machines.So, back then the police had to see an ORIGINAL registration.My argument to the court was this COP / CA HIGHWAY PATROL was corrupt and wanted to write me a BOGUS ticket on top of the carpool lane violation for not having ORIGINAL registration in my car.I stated to the court that my car had not one, not two, but THREE car video cameras that caught everything he did and everything he said. I had TWO video cameras facing forward, and ONE facing the rear.So my video cameras caught him walk back, get his VC Vehicle codebook and look through it for a good 10–12 minutes before he gave up and never wrote me for the 2nd ticket infraction.My video camera’s audio also caught him lying and saying the ORIGINAL registration was required and not a copy.Years back I had taken a Traffic school class, and it was being taught by a who else? A California Highway Patrol officer. He taught classes to make extra side money.And he taught us, NEVER, NEVER EVER put the original registration in your car. Just make a copy.The reason is “if your car gets towed”. You need the ORIGINAL Registration to get your car out of the Tow Yard or Storage yard. THEY or THAT TOW Facility will “not” take a copy of the Registration only the Original.So now whenever I renew my tags and my wife’s, I always put the tag on the car license plates, then make a photocopy of the registration and put the copy in our 3 cars.I told the court all this.Then I further told the court that back in the day they didn’t have copiers, CB radios, and car or motorcycle computers.PLUS, PLUS, PLUS, he could CLEARLY SEE, that my car was BRAND SPANKING NEW, NEW, NEW. I just just bought the car on March 10th of 2018. It was a 2018 NISSAN LEAF EV. I got the ticket in April of 2018. The very next month.So he (the CHP) COULD clearly see my tags were brand new, then why would he even need to see my registration? Except to harass me and give me a hard time.Furthermore, he could have any time called it in to dispatch to verify it.Note: Also in California, we have had something called TBWD; that’s Trial-By-Written-Declaration; that means you write up your arguments (aka type it up on a computer) as a Trial Pleading or a Brief; albiet they call it your “Declaration” and submit your “verbal arguments on paper”.That’s what I did; that’s what I do for the people I help with traffic tickets. Here’s another Quora answer I gave on how-to-do-that on Trial type Pleading template or format paper available in Microsoft Word or Word Perfect.Stanley Hutchinson's answer to I got a ticket for going 45 mph in a 35 mph when the speed limit was just about to change to 45 mph. Should I just pay the fine or take it to court?Also here is an actual excerpt from my TBWD on this case that I submitted to the court; with all pertinent identifiers removed. Enjoy! I copied and pasted it so all the Indentations are messed up. But read it for the Content. I put a lot of time into these TBWD.“SUPERIOR COURT of CALIFORNIACOUNTY OF LOS ANGELESEL MONTE COURTHOUSE11234 VALLEY BLVD.EL MONTE, CA 91731RE: Citation # HQxxxxDefendant: John Doe | Case: Citation #HQxxxx1vs. California Highway Patrol (CRANE #20988) (name illegible on citation) || Motion for Subpoena: CR-125/JV-525| Subpoena/Subpoena Duces Tecum (order to attend court or| provide documents (Facts not in evidence)| Motion for Pitchess SB1421| Motion to Compel an answer| Motion to Dismiss| Motion to Impeach for Perjury (CA PC141)DECLARATION OF JOHN DOEI, John Doe, declare as follows:1. I am the Defendant in this above-entitled matter. I makeThis declaration in support of my contention that I was wrongfully cited for VC21655. I have personal knowledge of the facts of the matters stated herein.On said day and date of the said citation, 1:05 pm Wednesday 04-14-18. I was wrongfully ticketed by CA Highway Patrol, where this corrupt California Highway patrol officer CRANE (name illegible on citation) cited the driver of the vehicle under VC21655.MOTION FOR SUBPOENA of FACTS to be Entered into Evidence (ASSUMES FACTS NOT IN EVIDENCE)Under the 5th Amendment, I am not under any duty to testify nor provide any neither culpable nor exculpable evidence for the prosecution for this “Strict Liability” citation.I am “Presumed Not Guilty”. Motion to dismiss the ticket is entered.The prosecution has the burden of proof and the prosecution must meet this burden beyond a “reasonable doubt”, not me. I have the right to confront my accuser (Crane) and examined under Direct examination or cross-examined. (Exhibit A. Attachment form CR-125/JV-525.)CALIFORNIA EVIDENCE LAWCA EVIDENCE CODE 115. Except where otherwise provided by law the burden of proof shall be by the preponderance of the evidence. Furthermore, the burden of proof is on the accuser. Here the accuser is the CA State Government witness California Highway Patrol officer Crane (Crane). Motion for Production and subpoena are entered (supra.)(infra.). (EXHIBIT A. Attachment form CR-125/JV-525.)CALIFORNIA CAL TRABS DISTRICTS 12 Orange County and DISTRICTS 4 Alameda Counties HOV rulesCalifornia Highway Patrol’s ARE aware or should be aware that Caltrans Tran Districts 4 and 12 permit ingress and egress from the HOV (High Occupancy Vehicle) aka Carpool lanes at any point. EXHIBIT B (copy of citation)2003 California Vehicle Code (CVC) Visit the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) website, see Appendix A-7 and A-8: http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/vctop/vc/vctoc.htm. Most of the HOV related vehicle code sections are located in Division 11 of the CVC.♦ Section 21460 Double Lines♦ Section 21654 Slow-Moving Vehicles♦ Section 21655 Designated Lanes for Certain Vehicles♦ Section 21655.3 Permanent High-Occupancy Vehicle Lanes♦ Section 21655.5 Exclusive- or Preferential- Use Lane for High-OccupancyVehicles♦ Section 21655.5(b) Mass Transit and Para Transit Vehicles may use HOV lanes regardless of occupancy♦ Section 21655.6 Approval of Joint Transportation Planning Agency or CTC♦ Section 21655.7 Use of Highway: Public Mass Transit Guideway♦ Section 21655.8(a) Entering or Exiting Preferential- Use Lanes♦ Section 21655.9 HOV Lanes: Use by Ultra-Low Emission Vehicles♦ Section 21714 Three-Wheeled Vehicles: Operation in HOV Lanes♦ Section 22364 Lane Speed Limits♦ Section 22406 Maximum Speed for Designated VehiclesUNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONAL LAW – 14th AMENDMENTUnder the 14th Amendment Right to Due Process and Right of Confrontation. A defendant has no duty to testify, nor any duty to provide Exculpatory evidence where there is a presumption of a negative. That negative is a presumption of ‘not guilty’.Also, under the 14th amendment, I have a right to confront any accuser herein Government witness(s) and demand proof and evidence to meet the burden of proof of what evidence the Government witness has against the defendant.Where there is a failure to provide such evidence to corroborate the allegations by the Government witness a motion to dismiss must be granted by the court for lack of evidence to prosecute. That Motion to dismiss is hereby entered in the interest of justice where the California Highway Patrol office fails to provide the requested motion for production underCR-125/JV-525 Subpoena/Subpoena Duces Tecum (order to attend court or provide documents (Facts not in evidence) as ordered by the Subpoena.)In the interest of justice Motion to Dismiss is hereby entered.QUESTIONS FOR THE TRIAL COURT COMMISSIONERVC 21655The definition of law enforcement includes VC21655–Section 21655 Designated Lanes for Certain Vehicles Allows the Department of Transportation or local authorities to designate specific lanes for vehicles required to drive at reduced speeds. Requires vehicles driving at reduced speeds to use the farthest right lanes.My vehicle is a 2018 Nissan LEAF Electric Vehicle (EV) not a hybrid, But rather a FULL EV. Thus I am permitted to travel in the HOV lane. Furthermore, on that date, I had a passenger in the front seat of my vehicle making my car “ELIGIBLE” to be in the HOV lane. This evidence is self-evident on the citation itself as it lists the Year, Make, and Model of my Nissan LEAF EV.A complaint was also filed with CA Highway Patrol HQ in Sacramento vs. CRANE. (EXHIBIT D) for this violation.MOTION TO IMPEACH FOR PERJURY (CA PC141)Motion for CRANE to be Impeached and charged with Perjury under PC141.AB 1909, Lopez. Falsifying evidence. Approved by Governor on September 30, 2016. Filed with Secretary of state on September 30, 2016.SECTION 1. Section 141 of the Penal Code is amended to read:141 (b) A peace officer who knowingly, willfully, intentionally, and wrongfully alters, modifies, plants, places, manufactures, conceals, or moves any physical matter, digital image, or video recording, with the specific intent that the action will result in a person being charged with a crime or with the specific intent that the physical matter, digital image, or video recording will be concealed or destroyed, or fraudulently represented as the original evidence upon a trial, proceeding, or inquiry, is guilty of a felony punishable by two, three, or five years in the state prison.Submitting a traffic citation for prosecution without evidence and without corroborating evidence satisfies this statute signed into law by Governor Brown on September 30th, 2016, and filed with the Secretary of State effective immediately on the same said date September 30th, 2016.On the said date of this citation Defendant, Doe was traveling from Orange County via SR57 freeway HOV lane northbound and Transitioned to SR60 freeway HOV lane Westbound. The defendant was traveling in an Eligible EV vehicle and had a passenger THUS was qualified to enter the SR60 HOV westbound.Orange county district 12 permits entry of HOV lanes “anywhere”. And there is no marker to show where the Orange county line and Los Angeles County line separate.Defendant Doe was wrongfully cited.While stopped Defendant produced:1. A current and valid CA DL# Cxxxxxxx2. A current and valid Registration on a brand new 2018 Nissan LEAF EV. (only 1 month old from the date of purchase)3. A current and valid “proof of financial responsibility” aka “proof of insurance” via 21st Century insurances.4. These are ‘not’ disputed facts.However, corrupt CHP patrolman CRANE, refused to accept the Current and valid registration saying it was a copy, and not an original and he was going to issue me a citation for not having the original IN ADDITION to the VC21655.I verbally disputed that CRANE WAS INCORRECT. The law only requires valid registration. It does not specify the original or a copy.FACTS:FACTS: Defendant was informed by another CHP that the Original Registration should never be kept with the car.FACTS: There is no law that requires the Original Registration should be kept with the car.REASON: If and where the vehicle ever gets “towed” the tow yard will require the “original registration” to get the vehicle out of impound.Vehicle License FeesAn annual license fee is "imposed for the privilege of operating [a vehicle] upon the public highways in this state...." (Rev. & Tax. Code, § 10751.)[6] The amount of this fee "shall be a sum equal to 2 percent of the market value of the vehicle as determined by the [DMV]." (§ 10752.)As originally enacted in the year 1941, section 10753 directed the DMV annually to "compile and publish a list showing the market values... of each class 768*768 of the vehicle subject to the license fee...." (Stats. 1941, ch. 40, § 1, pp. 605-606.) Upon registration, the DMV would use the information in this "rate book" to assign to the vehicle a classification code from which its market value would be determined for the year of the sale and all subsequent years, regardless of any change in ownership. The DMV did not differentiate between vehicles originally sold within California and those originally sold outside the state.In year 1948, section 10753 was amended to require the DMV to determine the market value of vehicles "upon the basis of California delivered prices as established by the manufacturers or distributors in their selling agreements with authorized dealers as of the time the particular make and year model is first offered for sale in California...." (Stats. 1948, ch. 26, § 2, p. 129.) Manufacturers informed the DMV of the "delivered price" on each model, and the DMV entered this information in its rate book. Using a method described in section 10753.2 (enacted in 1948), the market value of each vehicle was determined from this "delivered price" according to a depreciation schedule set forth in the statute.[7] As before, the same classification code was assigned to the vehicle and the same tax was imposed, whether the vehicle was purchased in California or elsewhere.The DMV, however, urged the Legislature to alter the method for determining the vehicle license fee, because manufacturers objected to supplying information regarding prices, thereby causing delays at the beginning of each model year in updating the rate book. In the year 1967, the Legislature amended section 10753 to require the DMV to determine the market value of vehicles by reference to "California suggested base price" (§ 10753, subd. (a)), which was defined as "the retail price of the vehicle suggested by the manufacturer ... as reflected on the price listing affixed to the vehicle pursuant to the Federal Automobile Information Disclosure Act of 1958...." (§ 10753, subd. (g), as amended by Stats. 1967, ch. 435, § 1, pp. 1647-1648.) The "price listing" is commonly referred to as the "sticker price" of the vehicle.[8] Section 10753 defined California suggested base price to include "destination charge[s]" and the cost of statutorily required 769*769 "emission control devices," but not the cost of factory-installed "accessor[ies]" or "optional equipment."[9] (§ 10753, subd. (g).) The statute further provided: "In the event the [DMV] is unable to ascertain California suggested base price as herein defined ..., the [DMV] shall determine the market value upon the basis of the cost price to the purchaser of the vehicle as evidenced by a certificate of cost...." (§ 10753, subd. (c).)The years stated in the citation supra. Are respectively:1941, 1948, 1958, 1967.These were years “before” the invention of police vehicle radios and computers.Thus on April 14th, 2018, CRANE could clearly see defendants' tags and license plates were brand new and barely 1 month old and CRANE could have also used his radio and motorcycle mobile computer to ascertain the valid and current registration of the defendants brand new NISSAN LEAF EV Vehicle. My vehicle was brand new, purchased on March 10th, 2018, about 1 month and 4 days prior to April 14th, 2018.Yet, on the pretense of ‘not’ having the “original” registration in my car CRANE THREATENED AND INTIMIDATED defendant with an additional citation for not having that original registration.Defendant and passenger observed CRANE walk back to his vehicle and look through the CA VC book for 15 minutes. But he failed to find that code to cite the defendant. When CRANE returned there was no mention of the “failure to have registration” on the citation.Further corroborating evidence the defendant has. Defendants 2018 NISSAN LEAF has not 1, not 2 but 3 audio/video cameras installed for his safety.Two of these cameras face forward and one camera faces to the rear.All three cameras recorded audio and video interaction between Defendant and CRANE. These audio/videos can be produced at trial-de-novo to Impeach CRANE on the Motions stated herein and below.MOTIONS:Motion to Impeach this CRANE for “obstruction of justice” the defendant also has a right to justice.Motion to Impeach this CRANE for “conspiracy” to falsify charges.Motion to Impeach this CRANE for “perjury” PC 118.1 for misquoting the law and threats to falsely issue a citation under color of authority.Motion for Pitchess rule to disclose any other dishonesty or corruption by CRANE to be presented to the court for adjudication. Under SB1421 permitting discovery of Law Enforcement personnel files.Motion to Impeach under Penal Code Section 141 as amended by AB 1909 on 9-30-2016. Signed into law by then-Governor Jerry Brown and recorded immediately by CA State Secretary. (see Citation below)California Penal Code Section 141CA Penal Code § 141 (2017)(a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), a person who knowingly, willfully, intentionally, and wrongfully alters, modifies, plants, places, manufactures, conceals, or moves any physical matter, digital image, or video recording, with the specific intent that the action will result in a person being charged with a crime or with the specific intent that the physical matter will be wrongfully produced as genuine or true upon a trial, proceeding, or inquiry, is guilty of a misdemeanor.(b) A peace officer who knowingly, willfully, intentionally, and wrongfully alters, modifies, plants, places, manufactures, conceals, or moves any physical matter, digital image, or video recording, with the specific intent that the action will result in a person being charged with a crime or with the specific intent that the physical matter, digital image, or video recording will be concealed or destroyed, or fraudulently represented as the original evidence upon a trial, proceeding, or inquiry, is guilty of a felony punishable by two, three, or five years in the state prison.(c) A prosecuting attorney who intentionally and in bad faith alters, modifies, or withholds any physical matter, digital image, video recording, or relevant exculpatory material or information, knowing that it is relevant and material to the outcome of the case, with the specific intent that the physical matter, digital image, video recording, or relevant exculpatory material or information will be concealed or destroyed, or fraudulently represented as the original evidence upon a trial, proceeding, or inquiry, is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months, or two or three years.(d) This section does not preclude prosecution under both this section and any other law.(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 879, Sec. 1. (AB 1909) Effective January 1, 2017.)MOTION TO SHOW CAUSE FOR THE TRIAL COURT COMMISSIONERWhere the Commissioner fails to honor these arguments and finds the defendant guilty of this illegal traffic infraction, Objection is hereby entered for purposes of Appeal. Motion to show cause is hereby entered. Defendant Doe request written explanation for cause for purposes of Appeal.MOTION TO SHOW BASIS or PRECEDENT FOR THE TRIAL COURT COMMISSIONERWhere the Commissioner fails to honor these arguments and finds the defendant guilty of this illegal traffic infraction, Motion to show Basis or Precedent that supersedes the citations quoted in arguments herein - is hereby entered. Otherwise, Objection is hereby entered for purposes of Appeal. Defendant Doe requests a written explanation for Basis for purposes of Appeal.CONCLUSIONNotwithstanding and for all the arguments and reasons stated above and incorporated by reference; I, therefore contend there is more than reasonable doubt as to the authenticity and veracity of the citation and the government record as argued and cited here in.. There reasonable doubt for the reasons, and case law and statutes as cited for dismissing the ticket. In the interest of Justice, I respectfully request that the said citation herein against DEFENDANT DOE be dismissed and the Motion to Dismiss be granted.I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing statements are true and correct.Sincerely,JOHN DOEExecuted at:9545 Main StAll American City, CA 90001Dated: January 24th, 2019_________________JOHN DOEAPPENDIX A:http://www.dot.ca.gov/trafficops/tm/docs/HOV_Guidelines-English-Edition-Jan2018.pdf♦ HOV Guidelines, 2016 English Edition Appendix A♦ 7 ADDITIONAL HOV INFORMATIONCalifornia Vehicle Code sections relating to HOV lanes: To view the 2003 California Vehicle Code (CVC), visit the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) website: http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/vctop/vc/vctoc.htm .Most of the HOV related vehicle code sections summarized below are located in Division 11 of the CVC. Section titles in BOLD indicate official title names as shown in the CVC. The section title in the regular font was included for clarity in describing the HOV related issue.Section 21460 Double Lines The purpose of the solid-white single line on the inside of the double yellow lines on buffered HOV lanes is to permit vehicles to legally drive to the left of the double yellow lines as defined in the provisions of this section. Section 21654 Slow-Moving Vehicles This section requires vehicles, such as those with 3-or-more-axles or vehicles with trailers as defined in Section 22406, to use the farthest right freeway lanes. Therefore, these vehicles cannot use the HOV lanes. Section 21655 Designated Lanes for Certain Vehicles Allows the Department of Transportation or local authorities to designate specific lanes for vehicles required to drive at reduced speeds. Requires vehicles driving at reduced speeds to use the farthest right lanes.Section 21655.3 Permanent High-Occupancy Vehicle Lanes After 1/1/87, but before 12/31/87 all permanently designated HOV lanes operating 24 hours a day shall be separated from general use highway lanes by a minimum 4 feet wide buffer.Section 21655.5 Exclusive- or Preferential- Use lanes for High-Occupancy Vehicles Allows the Department of Transportation and local authorities to designate specific lanes for HOV preferential use upon completion of competent engineering estimates made of the effects of the lanes on safety, congestion, and highway capacity.Section 21655.5(b) Mass transit and Para Transit Vehicles Enactment of SB 236 on January 1, 1998, permits mass Transit vehicles to use the HOV lanes without meeting the occupancy requirement. Enactment of AB 2582 on January 1, 2003, permits clearly marked para Transit vehicles to use the HOV lanes without meeting the occupancy requirement. This section also requires that HOV lane-use comply with posted signs designating the minimum occupancy requirement.Section 21655.6 Approval of Transportation Planning Agency or County Transportation Commission Requires the Department of Transportation to have the approval of the county Transportation commission prior to establishing new HOV lanes.Section 21655.7 Use of Highway: Public Mass Transit Guideway Allows for any portion of a highway to be designated for exclusive public mass Transit use.Section 21655.8(a) Entering or Exiting Preferential-Use Lanes A citation for violation of the provisions of this section, commonly called a buffer violation, carry a minimum fine of $271. APPENDIX A♦ HOV Guidelines, 2016 English Edition Appendix A♦ 8Section 21655.9 HOV Lanes: Use by Ultra – Low Emission Vehicles Website for list of vehicles that meet federal requirements and qualify as ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEV) and super ultra-low-emission vehicles (SULEV) in Assembly Bill 71, enacted July 1, 2000: California Air Resources BoardSection 21714 Three-Wheeled Vehicles: Operation in HOV Lanes Prohibits three-wheeled vehicles from using the HOV lanes.Section 22364 Lane Speed Limits Allows the Department of Transportation to post the appropriate speed for designated lanes.Section 22406 Maximum Speed for Designated Vehicles By definition in this section, trucks with three or more axles, or vehicles with trailers, are not allowed to use the HOV lanes because they cannot drive the maximum legal speed limit posted on HOV lanes in California. Provisions ofSection 21654 (above) then apply.If you like this answer, feel free to look at some of my other interesting answers.