System And Method For Storing And: Fill & Download for Free

I worked as a Security manager at a large retail store and was friendly with the Store Controller, who managed the computer system.This was late 90’s and the PC’s were still monochrome, DOS based, and very difficult to utilise. So one morning my colleague said I must come and take a look at how he is able to clone a session on any terminal in the store and look at sales and other transactions that are taking place as they are captured - “live”.He asked me, which area he must connect to, so we can see if anything is happening. One of my favourite areas was the watch counter as they had some really cool stuff. After typing in a few commands, the screen changes to the till at the counter and seconds later we see a credit for a Fossil watch - R600.00, around $80.I owned a Fossil watch and this piqued my interest, why would someone return this brand of watch, I thought they were really nice. So I told my buddy, let’s go downstairs to the counter and find out why the customer was not happy.Arriving at the counter we met the cashier, and I asked her to see the watch, also asking why the client had brought it back.I will never forget the look on her face - her smile turned into sheer terror… there was no watch. She was crediting items that did not exist, paying cash out of the till as “refund” which went into her pocket. She was also responsible for stock control and was able to manipulate figures so the fictitious returns were well hidden. Being a staff member for a little over 6 years, one can only imagine how much money she had taken.It still amazes me how she was caught, the total number of random events and the exact timing that led to her demise. Karma? I am a firm believer.

One of the things that is pretty easy to forget is that computers are, in the end, machines. Whereas we have the ability to perceive the world around us, and have complex mechanisms that allow us to make value judgments, communicate with others, and apply logic to solve problems, computers operate through complex electrical circuits that ultimately operate on switches that are either on or off. Modern computers have millions of these little switches called transistors. Unlike the early days when computers were far simpler, programmers could effectively use punch cards to write simple programs, today’s computers are so complex, and so widespread, that people have developed abstractions to make working with computers more like the way we work in the real world. In addition, as technology progresses, gradually the way we did things previously become obsolete, so we need to develop better ways of doing things.One of the earlier abstractions we developed was the concept of a “file.” A file is simply information in a format that a computer can understand. A very simple example of this is a text file. In written English text, there are a limited number of characters that can (with some limitation) be represented in a very small number. Specifically the original American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format defined numbers which computers can understand for symbols used in English. So the upper case letter “A” was for example given the number 65. The key thing about standards is they are arbitrary. There is nothing required by the way computers operate to assign the number 65 to the letter “A.” It was simply a choice someone made, and convinced others to use the standard, and it became adopted. Later on, people realized that 255 symbols are not enough to cover world languages and different standards developed, ultimately converging on the Unicode standard we have today. So a text file is simply a series of numbers that represent text in a particular character format. Similarly a picture can be scanned on to a computer and stored in a particular format.The key thing about files is they all come down to merely be a series of numbers. There is nothing inherently different between a picture and a novel or a program. However, there is a core requirement. Files must be stored. Computers are useless if every time you start them you have to recreate everything from scratch. So from the earliest days of computing, a variety of ways were developed to store information - starting with punchcards where the presence or absence of a hole determined whether something was on or off. Later, electromagnetic standards emerged where tiny amount of iron were placed on a plastic disk and magnetized or not. Hard drives then emerged with many different layers, then optical standards (CDs, DVDs, BluRay), and the latest solid state drives. The impetus of most of these is to increase the amount of space, and decrease the amount of time to access files. There is no doubt that the technologies we use today for storage won’t be the same 20 years from now.This (finally!) presents the first of the two terms - a file system. A file system as the name states is simply a system for storing files. Just like in character formats, theoretically anyone could develop their own way of storing files, but this would be impractical. The earliest file systems used a “File Allocation Table” (FAT), logically a table that divides a disk into clusters and files are then assigned clusters. For historical and simplicity purposes, FAT file systems (notably ExFAT and FAT32) are the de facto file systems for interchanging data across multiple devices, platforms, and operating systems. For example, when you take a picture on a digital camera and it is stored on an SD card, it is likely using a FAT file system. Other common ones are the New Technology File System (NTFS) for Windows/DOS, the Extended File System (EXT2/3/4) for Linux, and the Hierarchical File System (HFS) for Mac.The key thing to note is a file system only affects how a file is stored, not the file itself. To a program, reading a file from a FAT file system, or NTFS, or HFS looks the same.Databases solve a different problem. Whereas file systems don’t care about the data they store (it’s arbitrary), databases facilitate structured data. They also provide means of querying that data, that is find information quickly. They also provide security. For example, many file systems allow you to specify who can read a whole file, but not a portion of one.Structured Data means that a database designer defines what information is stored, and what format it must be stored in. Say you have a database of contact information. A database can enforce that only numbers are in the phone number "field" (a type of data). If the user attempts to put in a phone number with a letter in it, the database will return an error - the program using the database doesn’t necessarily have to check (it could for other reasons though). Since the database enforces the format, the program is guaranteed that information coming from the database is in that format. Similarly if there’s a birthday field, the database will ensure that it’s a date not text.Querying uses computer science techniques to quickly go through all the data to find conditions or to sort the information. Databases allow, for example, to sort all people in alphabetical order, or to find those whose birthday is in January.As with file systems, there are a number of database systems (and indeed types of database systems) each with different benefits: Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL are all commonly used relational database systems. Databases are normally files themselves (some abstractions make the database itself a folder), so the data is stored on a file system.I alluded to it earlier, but normally databases are not in themselves what an end user “sees.” So a website like Amazon or eBay will use a database, but users will interact with what’s generally called a “business rules tier.” This programming simply checks to make sure that everything is done properly before being put into the database. It's that tier that prevents people, for example, from getting something from Amazon without paying for it. Database administrators are the people that work directly at the database level.To summarize, working with computers essentially is a process where we translate the real world into a representation the computer can understand - essentially numbers. Files in a variety of formats, contain information - be it a text file with characters represented by numbers or a picture or anything else. The method of storing these is a file system, the most common of which are File Allocation Table (FAT) file systems. Rather than simply arbitrary information, databases enforce well structured data, allow querying to quickly limit or sort information, as well as provide greater security.

MethodIn an autoloaded gun; the round is extracted, the next is chosen by the gunner/commander, grabbed, then the next round is inserted. In most autocannon systems, all of those actions are done near simultaneously or with the same action. This is evident in the feed mechanisms. Comparing the 2, the autocannon is obviously like most MGs while the autoloaded gun is more like a semi-auto sniper. Of the same caliber for example, a M2 Browning .50cal MG compared to the Barrett ,50cal AM Rifle.AutocannonAutoloaderPlus at the scale that autoloaded cannons perform at, they just do not store the same sort of ammo stores for continuous “automatic" firing. The largest system (caliber) in my knowledge to be an “autocannon" was a 76mm Italian naval gun (also mounted on a ground vehicle), yet even then it was a hybrid system where the ‘autocannon' magazine was reloaded constantly via autoloading system and/or by hand.