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Building information modeling (BIM) is one of the foremost popular technologies contributing to information handling. However, the technology’s contribution to fieldwork is extremely limited thanks to the limited interaction between the important and virtual worlds. Integrating BIM with augmented reality (AR) is believed to highly increase BIM’s applicability to fieldwork. Therefore, the aim of the study is to look at the credibility of BIM integration into AR (AR–BIM) within the housing industry. A case study is adopted, computing the AR–BIM system through Structure Sensor, Unity 3D, and C#. The results show that BIM is compatible for integration with the AR platform. Although the preliminary AR–BIM system isn't perfect compared to the marketed product, the initial investment cost of this technique is far cheaper, while conserving the advantages of BIM in AR. This study is vital to boost awareness among construction stakeholders about the adoption of technology. The stakeholders overlooked the economic revolution (IR 4.0) will lose their competitiveness in both local and international markets.The 5 main beneficiaries of BIM and ARThe advantages of bringing augmented reality into BIM are many. BIM with AR benefits the planning, construction, inspections, operations and maintenance, and renovations phases of a construction project the utmost. allow us to understand how.DesigningBy bringing 3D models into AR, designers and designers are ready to evaluate designs for feasibility, function, and aesthetics during a more immersive way. The functionality also enables clients to enjoy a richer review experience. Accordingly, the changes get more easily identified and style options and proposals can get quickly evaluated.ConstructionAccessing BIM models in AR enables workers in construction to know more easily where materials should be laid, where walls should meet, and where doors should be placed. BIM with augmented reality help with routing services like HVAC ducts, water pipes, and electrical conduits. Installation errors also get reduced with AR and construction tasks are likely to urge executed faster.InspectionsSo, how does BIM with AR help in improving inspections? this is often achieved through visual comparison of as-designed versus as-built. Accordingly, safety checklists are often presented in context and filtered for a selected location. An AR user with BIM models can see hidden overhead and underground power lines, and if he discovers any issues, he can drop AR pins at the difficulty location, and tag with comments or photos for later corrective action.Operations and MaintenanceBIM with AR adds value to operations and maintenance phases of the project lifecycle. The AR user doesn’t get to stop his work to urge information about the building models, manuals and schematics for machinery, etc. These are often made available to the users directly. During maintenance, with work orders and work instructions being made directly available to users with AR, improvement in performance accuracy, efficiency, and compliance, are often observed.Higher simple work is achieved in both operations and maintenance because the AR wearable enables hands-free use: the user can view information without having to carry drawings or turn pages of a manual.RenovationsPlacement of hidden infrastructure — e.g., beams and other structural members, ducts, conduits, and pipes are often viewed easily using an AR wearable. This helps in renovations. AR also enables the clients to see redesigns and identify any issues early within the planning, thus making renovation a neater task.Recognizing the advantages of integrating computer games into BIM, a premier firm like Turner & Townsend has adopted Matterport technology for launching 3D virtual tours as a part of its documentation process for site compliance and reporting.MEP Design and Drafting Services India and the USA allow users to quickly and simply capture real-world spaces with its Pro2 camera so as to make 3D virtual tours, floorplans, and precision photography.By integrating the technology into BIM, firms can more accurately document key construction milestones and effectively communicate reach project stakeholders. This results in higher transparency throughout all phases of a project.Besides aiding in achieving higher efficiency in the construction project lifecycle, AR can provide a spread of other benefits to BIM users.For instance, an AR wearable provides an audio-visual calling service, which connects the user to a foreign expert, who can see exactly what the AR wearer sees: the physical environment also because of the virtual content enhancement. This coordination enhances the talents of the wearer, resulting in faster diagnosis and determination of issues.Accessing BIM with Augmented Reality is that the next big thing for the development industry and it should embrace it with open arms to realize higher efficiency within the projects.If you need more information, please contact us here.

Here is what the US State Department says about traveling to Iraq-International TravelDo not travel to Iraq due to terrorism, kidnapping, and armed conflict.U.S. citizens in Iraq are at high risk for violence and kidnapping. Numerous terrorist and insurgent groups are active in Iraq and regularly attack both Iraqi security forces and civilians. Anti-U.S. sectarian militias may also threaten U.S. citizens and Western companies throughout Iraq. Attacks by improvised explosive devices (IEDs) occur in many areas of the country, including Baghdad.The U.S. government’s ability to provide routine and emergency services to U.S. citizens in Iraq is extremely limited. On May 15, 2019, the Department of State ordered the departure of non-emergency U.S. government employees from the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad and the U.S. Consulate in Erbil. On October 18, 2018, the Department of State ordered the temporary suspension of operations at the U.S. Consulate General in Basrah. The American Citizens Services (ACS) Section at the U.S. Embassy Baghdad will continue to provide consular services to U.S. citizens in Basrah.U.S. citizens should not travel through Iraq to Syria to engage in armed conflict, where they would face extreme personal risks (kidnapping, injury, or death) and legal risks (arrest, fines, and expulsion). The Kurdistan Regional Government stated that it will impose prison sentences of up to ten years on individuals who illegally cross the border. Additionally, fighting on behalf of, or supporting designated terrorist organizations, is a crime that can result in penalties, including prison time and large fines in the United States.Due to risks to civil aviation operating within or in the vicinity of Iraq, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has issued a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) and/or a Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR). For more information, U.S. citizens should consult the Federal Aviation Administration’s Prohibitions, Restrictions and Notices.Read the Safety and Security section on the country information page.If you decide to travel to Iraq:Visit our website for Travel to High-Risk Areas.Draft a will and designate appropriate insurance beneficiaries and/or power of attorney.Discuss a plan with loved ones regarding care/custody of children, pets, property, belongings, non-liquid assets (collections, artwork, etc.), funeral wishes, etc.Share important documents, login information, and points of contact with loved ones so that they can manage your affairs if you are unable to return as planned to the United States. Find a suggested list of such documents here.Establish your own personal security plan in coordination with your employer or host organization, or consider consulting with a professional security organization.Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.Follow the Department of State on Facebook and Twitter.Review the Crime and Safety Reports for Iraq.U.S. citizens who travel abroad should always have a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the Traveler’s Checklist.I guess if you think it’s a good idea, go for it.

The main mistakes that candidates make in respect to Ethics paper especially regarding case studies are:Firstly, the famous adage that “ if your only tool is hammer than every problem looks like a nail” holds true for solving case studies in paper 4 also in UPSC.The most common mistake is answering all case studies in framework of stakeholders approach whereas it may not be suitable and mark fetching looking at the typology of case studies and ethical locus of respondent in case study.(explained below)Secondly, the approach of cramming case studies like a weak student of maths who crams solutions and theorems instead of conceptual clarity will not work. This worked till previous year, and now may not yield impressive and rank improving marks.Thirdly, without studying ethics part from good book and without sound theoretical underpinnings for topics mentioned in the syllabus, mere joining test series or answer writing practice doesn't helps.Good theoretical helps in analyzing the structure of problem/dilemma/parallax in the case study and it will equally be helpful in formulating answer to case studies as ethical conundrums that we may face are not usually novel for mankind, unquestionably someone might have faced almost similar questions earlier also.The elaborate laws, rules, regulations, mores, customs, conduct codes have evolved to answer the ethical requirements of every age and stage of individual and collective human development.You can analyze your stage of preparation of ethics paper by trying to answer questions and case studies asked in UPSC GS-4 Mains 2018.Fourthly, if you feel loss of words while writing answers in theoretical questions (150 words) or case studies (250 words) or your ideas and examples happen to be repetitive as usually happens with cursory and sketchy coverage of syllabus it is time to reboot your strategy for GS-4 if you don't wish to whine later.The GS paper 4 of 2018 asked questions and case studies that expected much-structured answer from candidates vis-a-vis largely generalist approach of the yesteryears paper owing to lack of quality literature on the subject.Technical questions are being asked in jargon-free simple language..see below question paper analysis and references from the book as proof of the statement.Till now the common approach to preparing case studies was ‘mechanical approach’ where more emphasis was merely on practice without understanding the theoretical approach that may help in framing answers to case studies. It is similar to engineer vs mechanic distinction where former is well versed with principles and theoretical dynamics of the machine in comparison to the latter.The book that is boon for case study writing is “Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude in Governance” published by SAGE Publications.This is because the text is supported by sound theoretical paradigms, apart from examples, highlights, and findings of recent research, and inter-linkages between topics that are required in case study writing asked in the UPSC mains exam.The book worked wonders in Mains exam 2018 for GS 4 , GS 2 and Essay paper as 5 essays in 2018 had ethical orientation. The book is also expected to help candidates facing 2019 interview of CSE due to its splendid coverage of contemporary issues that are buzz .The two important factors in writing case studies in UPSC is :Firstly, identifying typology of case studySecondly, identifying ethical locus of respondent in case study asked in UPSC mains paper.The author explains that on incisive analysis of case studies of last five years asked by UPSC a particular pattern emerges. He calls it CAT pattern of case studies.C: C stands for case studies involving Contrasting or conflicting, values, moral dilemmas, moral turpitude. For example, worker died on duty but compensation rejected due to him being drunk on duty (2017) or 2018 case study no 10. Big corporate house due to pollution issues closed, but lose of livelihoods for workers etc. Case study no 11. Or you heading tax investigating agency…A: stands for Action based case studies. For example, Upsc candidate going for interview finds a relative mother and son injured in accident.(2017) or 2018 case study no 7. Rakesh a responsible district level officerT: stands for theory based case studies. For example, 2017 case study: building permitted for 3 floors but built to 6 floors analyze reasons and suggest measures. Or 2018 case study no 12: Edward snowden is a case of parallax explained on page 72–73 of Sage ethics book.Some case studies may be a amorphous mix of typology but they are very minuscule in UPSC last five years paper.Another important factor in writing case studies is identifying ethical locus of respondent in case study. The three ethical locus are1: Public servant or aspiring public servant. In 2018, 4 case studies from this locus.2: Corporate manager, HoD, employee etc I.e. outside bureaucracy. In 2017 UPSC mains paper 3 case studies were asked from this locus.3: Individual citizen or human being.The approach in answer writing for case study must be premised on these two pivots I.e. typology and ethical locus.However, the answer should be largely jargon-free and in simple language and must be persuasive from its practical application angle also.The author discusses Checklist approach to case studies illustrated in book page no. 546–547 developed in the framework of Herbert Simon model of decision making viz. Intelligence activity, design activity, and choice activity that fetched him Nobel prize in 1978.UPSC 2018 case studies and their answers inputs in book “Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude in Governance” published by SAGE Publications:7. Rakesh is a responsible district level officer, who enjoys the trust of his higher officials. Knowing his honesty, the government entrusted him with the responsibility of identifying the beneficiaries under a health care scheme meant for senior citizens.The criteria to be a beneficiary are the following:(a) 60 years of age or above.(b) Belonging to a reserved community.(c) Family income of less than 1 Lakh rupees per annum.(d) Post-treatment prognosis is likely to be high to make a positive difference to the quality of life of the beneficiary.One day, an old couple visited Rakesh’s office with their application. They have been the residents of a village in his district since their birth. The old man is diagnosed with a rare condition that causes obstruction in the large intestine. As a consequence, he has severe abdominal pain frequently that prevents him from doing any physical labour. The couple has no children to support them. The expert surgeon whom they contacted is willing to do the surgery without charging any fee. However, the couple will have to bear the cost of incidental charges, such as medicines, hospitalization, etc., to the tune of rupees one lakh. The couple fulfils all the criteria except criterion ‘b’. However, any financial aid would certainly make a significant difference in their quality of life.How should Rakesh respond to the situation? (250 words)Page 58-59 Foundational values, challenges and equilibrium8. As a senior officer in the Ministry, you have access to important policy decisions and upcoming big announcements such as road constructions projects before they are notified in the public domain. The Ministry is about to announce a mega road project for which the drawings are already in place. Sufficient care was taken by the planners to make use of the government land with the minimum land acquisition from private parties. Compensation rate for private parties was also finalized as per government rules. Care was also taken to minimize deforestation. Once the project is announced, it is expected that there will be a huge spurt in real estate prices in and around that area.Meanwhile, the Minister concerned insists that you realign the road in such a way that it comes closer to his 20 acres farmhouse. He also suggests that he would facilitate the purchase of a big plot of land in your wife name at the prevailing rate which is very nominal, in and around the proposed mega road project. He also tries to convince you by saying that there is no harm in it as he is buying the land legally. He even promises to supplement your savings in case you do not have sufficient funds to buy the land. However, by the act of realignment, a lot of agricultural lands has to be acquired, thereby causing a considerable financial burden on the government, and also the displacement of the farmers. As if this is not enough, it will involve cutting down of a large number of trees denuding the area of its green cover.Faced with this situation, what will you do? Critically examine various conflicts of interest and explain what your responsibilities are as a public servant. (250 words)Page 156 Type of conflict of interests 159-Managing conflict of interests and Duties of public servant p-1379. It is a State where prohibition is in force. You are recently appointed as the Superintendent of Police of a district notorious for illicit distillation of liquor. The illicit liquor leads to many death, reported and unreported, and causes a major problem for the district authorities.The approach till now had been to view it as a law and order problem and tackle it accordingly. Raids, arrest, police cases, and criminal trials – all these had only limited impact. The problem remains as serious as ever.Your inspections show that the parts of the district where the distillation flourishes are economically, industrially and educationally backward. Agriculture is badly affected by poor irrigation facilities. Frequent clashes among communities gave boost to illicit distillation. No major initiatives had taken place in the past either from the government’s side or from social organizations to improve the lot of the people.Which new approach will you adopt to bring the problem under control? (250 words) Page 137: Duties of public servant; page 140: Public service motives10. A big corporate house is engaged in manufacturing industrial chemicals on a large scale. It proposes to set upon the additional unit. Many states rejected its proposal due to the detrimental effect on the environment. But one state government acceded to the request and permitted the unit close to a city, brushing aside all opposition.The unit was set up 10 years ago and was in full swing till recently. The pollution caused by the industrial effluents was affecting the land, water and crops in the area. It was also causing serious health problems to human beings and animals. This gave rise to a series of agitation thousands of people took part, creating a law and order problem necessitating stern police action. Following the public outcry, the State government ordered the closure of the factory.The closure of the factory resulted in the unemployment of not only those workers who were engaged in the factory but also those who were working in the ancillary units. It also very badly affected those industry which depended on the chemicals manufactured by it.As a senior officer entrusted with the responsibility of handling this issues, how are you going to address it? (250 words)Page 33 Environmental Ethics, Page 295 Delivery of Public services etc11. Dr X is a leading medical practitioner in a city. He has set up a charitable trust through which he plans to establish a super-speciality hospital in the city to cater to the medical needs of all sections of the society. Incidentally, that part of the State had been neglected over the years. The proposed hospital would be a boon for the region.You are heading the tax investigation agency of that region. During an inspection of the doctor’s clinic, your officers have found out some major irregularities. A few of them are substantial which had resulted in considerable withholding of tax that should be paid by him now. The doctor is cooperative. He undertakes to pay the tax immediately.However, there are certain other deficiencies in his tax compliance which are purely technical in nature. If these technical defaults are pursued by the agency, considerable time and energy of the doctor will be diverted to issues which are not so serious, urgent or even helpful to the tax collection process. Further, in all probability, it will hamper the prospects of the hospital coming up.There are two options before you:1) Taking a broader view, ensure substantial tax compliance and ignore defaults that are merely technical in nature.2) Pursue the matter strictly and proceed on all fronts, whether substantial or merely technical.As the head of the tax agency, which course of action will you opt and why? (250 words) Reference: See Page-122 Administrative leadership page 39 ethical relativism12. Edward Snowden, a computer expert and former CIA administrator, released confidential Government documents to the press about the existence of Government surveillance programmes. According to many legal experts and the US Government, his action violated the Espionage act of 1971, which identified the leak of State secret as an act of treason. Yet, despite the fact that he broke the law, Snowden argued that he had a moral obligation to act. He gave a justification for his “whistle blowing” by stating that he had a duty “to inform the public as to that which is done in there name and that which is done against them.”According to Snowden, the Government’s violation of privacy had to be exposed regardless of legality since more substantive issues of social action and public morality were involved here. Many agreed with Snowden. Few argued that he broke the law and compromised national security, for which he should be held accountable.Do you agree that Snowden’s actions were ethically justified even if legally prohibited? Why or why not? Make an argument by weighing the competing values in this case (250 words )Reference: Case of parallax not dilemma Clive Ponting case See Page-72-73 also Page 95 EpikeiaMost aspirants will answer it in stakeholders framework usually taught in coaching classes and some may answer it relying on their intelligence/awareness. However, the case and ethical/ questions involved in it are not dilemmas where there is mutual exclusiveness of choices rather it is a case of parallax similar to Clive Ponting case that fetched headlines in Britain in 1985. The aspirants who are aware of this Clive Ponting case may answer in a very convincing and pointed way otherwise, there may be needless digressions.For theory questions of 2018 GS-4 and 6 questions of GS-2 of 2018See link for proof: Which is a trustworthy book on ethics integrity and aptitude for civil services preparation?