Do Not Write In This Space National Labor Relations Board: Fill & Download for Free

You decide:In his earlier years he said he was motivated to significantly better the world and go into business doing it. He identified the key areas that needed improvement and said he would focus on those. Musk has no interest in going the easy route. He is brilliant, intense, known to be cold in person, and persistent as hell once he sets a goal. Most people would be content with focusing on one area, like green automotibles. No Musk, he runs several highly innovative, “moonshot” type companies. Musk himself is not an inventor. He is more like Steve Jobs, although vastly more important. iPhones are cute, but going to Mars is quite another.Elon Musk used to be kind of an asshole, too. But with his success, so has his assholeishness. He went from slightly asshole to Bond villain with the following Tweet:His sense of entitlement has reached the megalomaniac level. Who believes he has the right to literally overthrow a government because it serves his business interests? This guy.But it doesn’t end there. Oh no.Let me define “asshole” (a technical term in this case) as in the book Assholes, a Theory by philosopher Aaron James. In this work, he defines an “asshole” as someone who:Allows himself to enjoy special advantages and does so systematically;Does this out of an entrenched sense of entitlement;Is immunized by his sense of entitlement against the complaints of other people.Now I’m going to allow for the possibility that someone of extraordinary intelligence and originality like Elon Musk or Mark Zuckerberg or Steve Jobs (deceased) may, in fact, deserve special advantages and may even be entitled to them. What makes the brilliant and creative person at this level cross the line into being an “asshole” is the completely unnecessary (except psychologically perhaps) and in fact dangerous self-immunization against the complaints of other people. To my mind, this reflects a weakness of character, not the entitlement of brilliance. What’s the weakness and what’s the price they pay?The weakness is that “assholes” self-identify with their brilliance, defining themselves as different and better than all others, out of fear that everything else about them is somehow inferior, unlovable or unacceptable. If you find this painfully close to the truth, then chances are you’re NOT an asshole, because a true asshole wouldn’t recognize himself in this paragraph. A true asshole probably wouldn’t even read this blog. If you recognize some truth in this statement, there’s hope for you and you may be a jerk, not an asshole.The price that true assholes pay is that, as said above, they don’t get the benefit of feedback from others, even other brilliant types. Out of fear of weakness, they’re closed off to it, shielded from it. They just can’t hear it. If for example, Elon Musk is an asshole and not just brilliant or even just a jerk, then he will not hear the advice given by others, even by others who admire or love him, that he needs management help. I don’t know Musk well enough (having had one conversation at a dinner party once) to say for sure that he is or isn’t a true “asshole.” His behavior does hint at it. Let’s take a look at his behavior and how others advise him:At Tesla, my earlier statement that Chairperson Robyn Denholm is not Elon Musk’s “adult supervision” in any meaningful way was confirmed by Musk himself in an interview with CBS’s 60 Minute’s Lesley Stahl last week. The subject came up in conversation about Musk’s tweets, specifically with the SEC requirement that tweets be pre-approved (by an internal oversight person or group) if they contain, or reasonably could contain, information material to the Company or its shareholders. Musk claimed “The only tweets that would have to be, say, ‘reviewed’ would be if a tweet had a probability of causing a movement in the stock [price],” Musk told Stahl. “Otherwise, it’s, ‘hello, first amendment.’ Like, freedom of speech is fundamental.”Stahl missed the opportunity to catch Musk on the main point that it’s not just stock movement that the SEC is concerned about, but went ahead and tried to catch him on a more subtle point, which did lead to an interesting response from Musk:STAHL: “But how do they know if it’s going to move the market if they’re not reading all of them before you send them?”MUSK: “Well, I guess we might make some mistakes. Who knows?”STAHL: “Are you serious?”MUSK: “Nobody’s perfect.” [Laughs.]STAHL: “Look at you.”MUSK: “I want to be clear, I do not respect the SEC. I do not respect them”STAHL: “But you’re abiding by the settlement, aren’t you?”MUSK: “Because I respect the justice system.”Later in the interview, Musk was asked about his company’s new chairperson, Robyn Denholm, who replaced him as part of the settlement. The “impression was that [Denholm] was put into kind of watch over you,” Stahl said. Typically, the job of the chairperson of a board of directors is to serve as the CEO’s boss.“That’s not realistic, in the sense that I’m the largest shareholder in the company, and I can just call for a shareholder vote and get anything done that I want,” Musk replied.This is exactly what I claimed a few weeks ago in this blog, that no one should expect Denholm to “check” or “supervise” Musk. I wasn’t surprised at all that he would confirm this. But does this make Musk an “asshole”, or will Musk in fact be open to a true partnership with someone like Denholm.As you may know from my writings (e.g. this blog and Born to Star), I’m a fan of Elon Musk as a heroic “vision master” though I don’t defend some aspects of his public persona, and wanting the best for him and his ventures, call for partnering with professional Execution Masters like Gwynne Shotwell at SpaceX. The nature of such a wonderful partnership at its best is not to “check” or “supervise” the Vision Master but to compliment him or her out of mutual respect.Many other business commentators and investors seem to agree with me. See for example see Elon Musk Need to Bring in a Strong Number 2 at Tesla (Elon Musk needs to recognize his limitations and bring in a strong No. 2 to help run Tesla: Analysts)“We think he’s going through a founder’s dilemma. He’s clearly stretched too thin,” Consumer Edge Research analyst James Albertine said on “Squawk Box.” “I think this is Elon going through personal issues, having his own struggles with the bears, very publicly.”“The board needs to bring in a chief operating officer or co-CEO to take some of the pressures off of Musk and allow him to concentrate on being a ‘brilliant leader as a visionary,'” contended Albertine.Oppenheimer analyst Colin Rusch, interviewed on CNBC along with Albertine, also believes Musk needs help.“I think it’s really going to have to come from Elon,” he said. “If he can grow up enough to recognize where his limits are, I think, it would be tremendous for the stock and actually very good for the company … I think they need another presence that can actually counterbalance Elon’s capabilities in terms of visualizing a new reality for an industry with someone who can really mine the pennies and nickels and the details of an operation in a way he can’t,” Rusch concluded.Musk’s willingness and ability to work so well with Gwynne Shotwell at SpaceX give me hope that he will eventually listen to advisors such as myself, Albertine and Rusch, as well as a near-peer Sir Richard Branson. Branson’s advice is found at Richard Branson gives Elon Musk some advice: Learn to delegate and get some sleep. If he’ll eventually listen to advisors, or at least consider his own success at SpaceX, then we could safely conclude that Elon Musk is not an “asshole” and might be a good example for you as a Vision Master yourself.[1]Musk’s newfound assholishness knows no bounds:The people who do the actual work of building the cars at Tesla are trying to unionize. Tesla’s response to that, they say, has been to fire union supporters. Last year, Elon Musk personally urged workers not to unionize, and promised to provide them with free frozen yogurt if they listened to him.One of the reasons that Musk’s factory employees want a union is that they say that the intense pace of the production “hell” the company forces them to work in is wearing them down and causing them physical injuries. They are sacrificing their health because Tesla cannot produce a well-functioning auto production system that operates at a safe and reasonable pace. Elon Musk, the golden futurist wizard, promotes his cars; demand grows; investors bid up the value of the company; Elon Musk grows richer; and, as a result, his factory workers’ lives become more miserable. And when they try to organize to protect themselves, they are shunned.So that’s the context. Got it? Here we are in present day. You’ll never guess how Tesla executives have decided to solve their stubborn production problems. Bloomberg reports:In a pair of internal memos last week, the heads of engineering and production spelled out measures to free up workers for the Model 3 line and challenged them to reach production goals. Doug Field, the engineering chief, told staff that if they can exceed 300 Model 3s a day, it would be an “incredible victory” at a time when short-sellers and critics are increasingly doubting the company’s ability to fulfill CEO Elon Musk’s vision of building a mass-production electric-vehicle manufacturer.“I find that personally insulting, and you should too,” Field wrote in the March 23 email. “Let’s make them regret ever betting against us. You will prove a bunch of haters wrong.”Work faster! Work harder! Prove the haters wrong! It will be an incredible victory, for Elon Musk, whose multibillion-dollar pay package depends on it! Also, if you try to unionize, you’re fired. But feel free to take some frogurt with you when you go to the chiropractor for your broken body.Fuck off![2]Even the fantastic Monthly Review weighed in:Musk, you might say, is Donald Trump for the kind of unbearable people who upgrade to the latest model smartphone every year. Both have carefully cultivated the idea that they are mavericks bravely battling the forces of conservatism in business and lethargy in politics. Both are known for their incessant tweeting–dishing up a steady stream of commentary swinging wildly from the mundane to the inane and, frequently, the completely unhinged. Both, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, have been firmly in the capitalist death-cult camp, downplaying the threat early, and now pushing for a rapid reopening of the U.S. economy despite warnings from scientists that doing so risks hundreds of thousands more lives.“The coronavirus panic is dumb”, tweeted Musk on 7 March, just when the scale of the health crisis was becoming clear. “Based on current trends, probably close to zero new cases in U.S. too by end of April”, he predicted on 20 March. In the two months since, he has been among the most vocal critics of social distancing–lining up with Trump and giving encouragement to the anti-lockdown protests of the extreme right.On 29 April, a day when, according to the New York Times, 2,514 Americans died from COVID-19, and more than 26,000 new infections were recorded, Musk tweeted “FREE AMERICA NOW” and, in response to plans for reopening in the state of Texas, “Bravo Texas!” On 12 May, he announced:Tesla is restarting production today against Alameda County rules. I will be on the line with everyone else. If anyone is arrested, I ask that it only be me.Despite being true to his word and ordering Tesla workers back amid the lockdown in California, Musk wasn’t arrested. A group of Tesla workers and supporters protested Musk’s decision outside the plant. One worker, Carlos Gabriel, told reporters he was refusing to go back to work. “I’m worried for my health”, he said.I’m very disappointed in Elon Musk putting profits over the health of his workers.Musk’s lack of concern for the health of his workers in the context of COVID-19 should come as no surprise. Tesla is known for its appalling health and safety record. “Ambulances have been called [to Tesla’s Fremont, California, factory] more than 100 times since 2014 for workers experiencing fainting spells, dizziness, seizures, abnormal breathing and chest pains”, Julia Carrie Wong, a technology reporter for the Guardian wrote in 2017. Jonathan Galescu, a production technician at the factory, told her:I’ve seen people pass out, hit the floor like a pancake and smash their face open. They just send us to work around him while he’s still lying on the floor.A 2017 blog post by Tesla employee Jose Moran, titled “Time for Tesla to listen”, detailed the low pay and poor conditions. “Most Tesla production workers earn between $17 and $21 hourly”, he wrote.The average auto worker in the nation earns $25.58 an hour, and lives in a much less expensive region … Many of my coworkers are commuting one or two hours before and after those long shifts because they can’t afford to live closer to the plant.Musk is viciously anti-union. Unionisation attempts by Tesla workers have been dealt with harshly. Several workers have been sacked after management uncovered organising efforts. Others have been threatened into silence. According to Moran, in response to workers’ initial 2017 organising drive, “Every worker was required to sign a confidentiality policy that threatens consequences if we exercise our right to speak out about wages and working conditions”. Based on this, the U.S. National Labor Relations Board found that Tesla had violated workers’ rights. To this day, however, efforts to unionise Tesla’s 40,000 workers have failed.Musk’s supporters might respond that, in contrast to most other members of his class, he is a “self-made” man, who built his US$36 billion fortune through hard work and a visionary entrepreneurial spirit. This is bullshit. Musk, like Trump, comes from a highly privileged background. His father Errol was a wealthy South African businessman–a consultant and property developer who, according to a 2018 report in the South African edition of Business Insider, bought a half-share in a Zambian emerald mine on a whim to “help fund his family’s lavish lifestyle of yachts, skiing holidays, and expensive computers”.Musk was a computer enthusiast from an early age and, following his move to Canada with his mother in 1989, quickly developed into a skilled programmer. This trajectory, however, is no different to hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of people around the world, very few of whom end up as members of the billionaire class. What made Musk special wasn’t his hard work, talent or vision. He was simply in the right place, at the right time, with the right connections.Carnivals of the damned: the U.S. far right fights the lockdownMusk founded his first company, Zip2–a city guide software for local newspapers–in 1995, with the help of US$28,000 (equivalent to US$48,000 today) from his father. This was at the start of the dotcom boom, when investors poured money into any and every computer or internet start-up that happened to emerge. In 1999, at the peak of the boom, Zip2 sold for US$307 million, out of which Musk took home US$22 million. He then used around half of this money to found an online banking service, http://X.com, which merged with rival Confinity to become PayPal. When, in 2002, PayPal was bought by eBay, Musk walked away with US$180 million.Musk’s status, among his fans, as a visionary devoted only to making the world a better place, is largely derived from what he did next. In 2002, he founded SpaceX, a company that aims to become a major player in the aerospace industry, enable affordable space travel and, ultimately, lay the basis for the colonisation of Mars. In 2003, he contributed US$30 million towards the foundation of Tesla Motors. In 2004, he took the role of Tesla chair and, in 2008, when the company’s founders Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning walked, he became CEO.Musk’s current immense wealth derives largely from his success in turning Tesla cars into a status symbol for the more environmentally conscious among the global elite. A new Tesla Model S costs between $125,000 and $165,000–not the kind of money that your average climate activist is likely to have on hand. The sale of these cars makes up by far the biggest portion of the company’s revenue–almost US$20 billion out of US$24.5 billion in 2019. By comparison, its “energy generation and storage” section is a side hustle, bringing in just $1.5 billion, or 6 percent, of company revenue last year.If Musk’s goal were really to assist with reducing greenhouse gas emissions and halting our slide towards catastrophic runaway warming, you could think of many things he’d be better off doing than producing electric cars for the wealthy few. It’s very likely, in fact, that any reductions in emissions resulting from Tesla’s operations would be more than wiped out by the contribution Musk’s company makes to maintaining and fostering a car culture rather than promoting a shift to mass public transport.But Musk is a car man through and through. At a 2017 conference, in response to a question from the audience about his attitude to public transport and urban sprawl, he said:I think public transport is painful. It sucks. Why do you want to get on something with a lot of other people, that doesn’t leave where you want it to leave, doesn’t start where you want it to start, doesn’t end where you want it to end? … It’s a pain in the ass.In her authorised Musk biography, Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future, Ashlee Vance claims the initial purpose of Musk’s California transport “Hyperloop” proposal was to stymie plans for a high-speed rail link between Los Angeles and San Francisco. “Musk had dished out the Hyperloop proposal just to make the public and legislators rethink the high-speed train”, wrote Vance. “He didn’t intend to build the thing … With any luck, the high-speed rail would be cancelled. Musk said as much to me during a series of emails and phone calls leading up to the announcement.” The strategy worked. Plans for the rail link, first flagged in 2008 and overwhelmingly supported by California voters, are currently on hold.If you think the environmental crisis is going to be solved by people buying Teslas, or even the construction of a few more giant batteries, you need your head checked and will have your wallet confiscated. Electric cars and batteries are, at best, a very small part of the solution. Much more important are the kind of things to which Musk is hostile, such as massively expanding public transport networks, or radically reshaping cities to allow for more sustainable, higher density living.As for SpaceX, it’s best described as an expensive, and potentially highly destructive, vanity project. Far from enabling affordable space travel, the company is currently mainly concerned with its Starlink project, which aims to launch more than 40,000 satellites into low-Earth orbit to provide broadband internet around the world.Sounds good in theory, but scientists have pointed to some significant drawbacks. If Musk’s vision is achieved, the project will put eight times as many satellites into orbit as there are currently. And this is likely just the start. Musk’s initiative has inspired several other companies, including Amazon, to pursue their own satellite broadband networks. The result will be a very crowded sky. So crowded, in fact, that it may threaten the science of astronomy (“it will look as if the whole sky is crawling with stars”, astronomer James Lowenthal told the New York Times). Collisions between these private satellites will enrich whole layers of lawyers. Ultimately, the massive increase in space junk may threaten our ability to safely leave Earth at all.Musk’s goal of colonising Mars can’t be taken seriously. As with Trump’s justly ridiculed “Space Force”, it’s more an ego-driven promotional exercise than anything else, something Musk can wheel out whenever he feels starved of media attention. In 2015, for instance, he declared, in an interview with the Late Show’s Stephen Colbert, that Mars could be transformed into an Earth-like planet by dropping “thermonuclear weapons over the poles”. In August 2019, he was at it again, tweeting “Nuke Mars!”, and then, a few hours later “T-shirt soon”, with a mock-up T-shirt design. Of course, there is no scientific evidence that carrying out this plan would do anything to improve that planet’s habitability.Maybe, despite all this, Musk is just a really nice, well-meaning guy at heart? No. If anything, on a personal level, Musk appears even more repulsive than his business interests might suggest. He has developed a penchant for the language of the alt-right, tweeting on 18 May, for instance, “take the red pill”–a well-known trope from the world of men’s rights activists and incels. He’s convinced “smart people” need to breed more, a eugenicist streak that sits poorly with his background as a member of South Africa’s privileged white elite under apartheid. And if all that wasn’t enough, Musk and his current partner–Canadian singer Grimes–named their recently arrived baby “X Æ A-12 Musk”, an act of basic inhumanity that speaks for itself.Elon Musk, in sum, is a complete shithead–just another piece of billionaire filth helping to drive our planet and the society that depends on it to destruction. The best that can be said for his life’s work, perhaps, is that when the revolution comes, the working class can use SpaceX’s rockets to launch Musk, and the rest of the world’s billionaire class, to Mars, where they will have total freedom to construct the entrepreneurial utopia they long for.[3]Musk recently was caught on surveillance tape riding in an elevator with Amber Heard, whom he was fucking while she was married to Johnny Depp. This doesn’t bother the asshole Musk, who probably fucked her in Johnny’s bed. Oh, and he also had threesomes with Cara Delavigne and Amber Heard, too.[4]Amber Heard had a threesome with Cara Delevingne and Elon Musk, deposition revealsJohnny Depp’s defamation suit against his ex-wife Amber Heard has revealed that Heard once had a threesome with Elon Musk and Cara Delevingne.According to the Daily Mail, the 57-year-old Depp “hasn’t ruled out” serving Delevingne, 27, with a subpoena to see if she has any useful information about Heard.Josh Drew — the ex-husband of Raquel “Rocky” Pennington, Heard’s best friend — contended in a deposition by Depp’s attorney Benjamin Chew that Musk, 48, slept with Heard and Delevingne at Depp’s LA penthouse.Drew was, at the time, living rent-free in one of Depp’s other apartments near the penthouse in downtown LA, and has continued to socialize with Heard as of last year. The “Aquaman” actress is reportedly also paying for his attorney as well.“Cara could also be compelled to give evidence — by either party,” the Mail quotes a source as saying. “It’s definitely a possibility. Almost anything can happen in this case.” Actor James Franco has also been subpoenaed for any materials related to Heard, as has Musk.Drew claims that the affair occurred while Heard and Depp were married; Musk insists the pair only got together after her split from Depp. (Heard filed for divorce in May 2016.) The “Fantastic Beasts” actor, meanwhile, cites building staff who say Musk visited Heard “late at night” while Depp was abroad filming “Pirates of the Caribbean” in 2015.Depp’s $50 million defamation suit against Heard was spurred by her Washington Post op-ed in which she claimed he abused her. His suit denies her claims and frames Heard as the abuser in the relationship. Depp is also suing the UK’s Sun over a 2018 article calling him a “wife-beater,” which he suggests was responsible for the “Pirates” franchise moving on without him, though franchise head Jerry Bruckheimer has remained vague on Depp’s erasure from the series.[5]Asshole Musk Strikes Again:Over the past twenty-four hours, Elon Musk has stirred up controversy on Twitter, sharing a series of social media posts that once again has put the outspoken founder of Tesla and SpaceX in the spotlight. However, it’s his apparently transphobic two-word Tweet from Friday evening that has prompted outrage.Musk, who added a red rose to his Twitter name in an apparently mocking reference to the symbol used by members of the Democratic Socialists of America, first posted, and then pinned, a Tweet suggesting that there isn’t a need for the additional federal stimulus package currently being debated in Congress. That Tweet was followed by a reference to universal basic income, a concept that Musk has tweeted favorably about in the past.Then, eleven hours after posting that “Twitter sucks,” Musk shared what many found to be an offensive and transphobic Tweet commenting that “pronouns suck.” Musk’s Tweet appears to be a mocking criticism of gender-neutral personal pronouns, used by many in an effort to be more inclusive of transgender and non-conforming individuals.The online criticism of Musk was immediate, apparently even drawing the ire of his girlfriend, musical artist Grimes. In a since deleted Tweet, the musician, whose real name is Claire Boucher and who is a co-parent of Musk’s child, tweeted a reply saying “I love you but please turn off ur phone or give me a dall [sic]. I cannot support this hate. Please stop this. I know this is not your heart.”Musk’s tweet on Friday isn’t the first time his use of the popular social media medium has sparked outrage — Musk has a long history of taking to Twitter to express his amusement, irritation, and exploration of whatever topic crosses his mind. But his use of Twitter has also landed him in legal trouble. In 2018, Musk was sued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission related to a Tweet by Musk that claimed he had secured funding to take his publicly-traded company Tesla private at $420 a share. The lawsuit, which asserted that Musk had misled investors, was settled by Musk later that year, with the entrepreneur paying a $20 million fine and relinquishing his role as Chairman of the Board of Tesla.Musk also got into hot water in 2018 for a subsequently deleted Tweet in which Musk used the term “pedo guy” to describe Vernon Unsworth, a British caver and one of the rescuers of the 12 boys and their soccer coach that were famously trapped in a cave in Thailand in July, 2018. Unsworth sued Musk for defamation in California, but a jury found that Musk was not liable to Unsworth. For his part, Musk answered that his Twitter comment, which seemingly was a reference to pedophilia, was “heated rhetoric” and not meant to state that Unsworth was, in fact, a pedophile.Musk’s newest Tweet comes at a time when America is already mired in a national debate about issues of identity and inclusion, and in particular, inclusion of transgender individuals. In addition to ongoing discrimination of transgender individuals in all aspects of American society, there is also a troubling trend of violence against trans individuals in the United States. According to Human Rights Campaign (HRC), in 2019 at least 27 transgender or gender non-conforming people were fatally shot or killed by violence. 91% of the victims were Black women and 81% were under the age of 30. HRC has also counted 22 murders of transgender and non-conforming individuals in 2020, including at least 4 deaths since the start of July.By seemingly mocking the issue of personal pronoun usage, the widely-followed entrepreneur isn’t just sharing the musings of an eccentric businessman, he is also stoking a cultural conflict and diminishing an issue that is an important aspect of the recognition and inclusion of transgender and non-conforming individuals. While likely not intended to be hateful, Musk’s comment nonetheless shows an incredible amount of ignorance by a man seen by many as one of the boldest and most insightful entrepreneurs of our lifetime. Musk’s Tweet, whatever it’s motivation, should not only be followed by clarification, but it demands an apology as well.Of course pronouns matter – so does human dignity. If Elon Musk wants to send people to space, perhaps he should spend a bit more time respecting them here on earth first.Using whatever personal pronoun they prefer.[6]ConclusionElon Musk used to be a decent person. No more. Money sometimes corrupts. Other times it corrupts absolutely.Elon Musk may save us from extinction, but we may want to just die instead if he has power over us.Footnotes[1] Update on Tesla - is Elon Musk an Asshole? | Intelliversity[2] Elon Musk Is an Asshole[3] MR Online | Elon Musk is a shithead[4] Amber Heard cuddles up to Elon Musk in Johnny Depp's private elevator[5] Amber Heard had a threesome with Cara Delevingne and Elon Musk, deposition reveals[6] Pronouns Suck? Tesla Founder Elon Musk Tweets Ugly Comment Mocking Transgender Inclusion

This answer may contain sensitive images. Click on an image to unblur it.Let’s explore a few things first and see if it can be a little clearer from the viewpoint of people who have been asking for this since before Donald Trump ever announced his bid for candidacy, some of which, were actually leaders in the Obama administration.I’ve already written extensively on the Islamic State and the European Refugee Crisis, of which this is still very much a part of, which you can read those answers here European Refugee Crisis by Jon Davis, but the summary is that the crisis didn’t end in 2015, it only stopped receiving major coverage once the radical consequences to it became realized abroad. Since that point, any opposition to immigration from majority Muslim countries for security issues has been rebranded as something racist and the work of right wing nationalism, even as numerous acts of terror, criminal activity, and general hostilities between immigrants and native populations have continued to happen, both in Europe and even the United States.That said, what this conversation is deeply missing is some context as to why so many Americans, in particular, feel that the refugee crisis simply isn’t our responsibility to solve when so many more obvious solutions exist, nor is that even a logical solution.To begin with, do you know what makes a refugee a refugee?Many are questioning the legitimacy of whether the people we are talking about actually should be treated as refugees, or if they legally are migrants. The two are very different, and those seeking asylum rate a very different set of rights and privileges that migrants do not. This is better explained in Why is it that Syrian refugees can afford high-end smart-phones to take selfies and are refugees migrants?The difference is that refugees and those seeking asylum are a protected class of individuals according to international treaties. They are extended certain rights by host countries that border on citizenship, and in certain countries under certain treaties, even more rights and privileges than the average citizen, as persons in need and wards of the state. The distinction here is that there is a difference between being a refugee and a migrant, as a migrant is not operating under duress and more or less under their own free will. They chose to come to wherever they ended up to gain opportunity or social advancement, rather than to escape persecution. For that reason, they don’t get the same rights and privileges that a real refugee has.Due to at least two major agreements on refugee rights, we can see how the two classes are to be treated very differently.First, the most widely used definition of what a refugee is, as it is worded in Article 1 of the 1951 Refugee Convention, as amended by the 1967 Protocol:"A person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.."[1]Continuing on, the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees , which almost all modern nations are a part of, does not allow refugees who are under threat in their own country to be repatriated:"No Contracting State shall expel or return ('refouler') a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social or political opinion" (Article 33(1)).The significance of that is that once a refugee is here, there is no sending them back. They are here for good, with all their past and whatever choices or crimes they may intend to make.Furthermore, article 9 tells us that no state must take in an alleged refugee in which it determines that that individual represents a threat to national security. This is where we have our ability to “vet” a potential refugee, but does not provide the freedom to otherwise discriminate. In this case, there is perfect legality in not admitting whole groups, but groups of well vetted individuals, each of whom, through thorough investigation, would be deemed not to be a significant potential risk to our national security.Nothing in this Convention shall prevent a Contracting State, in time of war or other grave and exceptional circumstances, from taking provisionally measures which it considers to be essential to the national security in the case of a particular person, pending a determination by the Contracting State that that person is in fact a refugee and that the continuance of such measures is necessary in his case in the interests of national security.The second major agreement needing to be mentioned is the Dublin Regulation, which is an EU convention that determines who is responsible for taking on refugees. We look to EU because, as will be made clear, the United States actually doesn’t have the possibility of receiving real refugees, barring a few specific cases.The Dublin Regulation... is a European Union (EU) law that determines the EU Member State responsible for examining an application for asylum seekers seeking international protection under the Geneva Convention and the EU Qualification Directive, within the European Union. It is the cornerstone of the Dublin System, which consists of the Dublin Regulation and the EURODAC Regulation, which establishes a Europe-wide fingerprinting database for unauthorised entrants to the EU. The Dublin Regulation aims to “determine rapidly the Member State responsible [for an asylum claim]”[1] and provides for the transfer of an asylum seeker to that Member State. Usually, the responsible Member State will be the state through which the asylum seeker first entered the EU.Because of these and other agreements, refugees become, in effect, wards of the first state they physically enter in which their security is reasonably assured, with that state taking on full responsibility for their welfare, security, and the maintenance of their basic human rights, as they would their own citizens, with little to no means to send them home if they should become a problem for state welfare or security. In 2015, this focus on the law caused many of the those fleeing Syria to create major headaches for railway workers when they refused to disembark trains bound for Germany, needing to make routine stops in the Balkans. Many were attempting to refuse asylum unless they were within German borders. Given, however, that they were already in Turkey when they boarded the trains, the legal responsibility for the Syrian refugees lay there.The United States, in this case, is unique. There is literally no way that a person seeking refuge can physically walk into the country barring Canadians and Mexicans. Neither of these has faced a legitimate period of national catastrophe in over a century, so never have their people qualified as “seeking asylum”, (though I would be very willing to accept arguments that the Mexican Drug War could be a qualifying event, but that is a discussion for another day.) The only other possible cases may the Cuban “boat people” who attempt to cross the strait between Cuba and the United States. It is also doubtful that a person could claim legitimate refugee status if they are capable of securing passage on an outgoing plane from an affected country, which just so happens to make absolutely no layovers. That said, the US has no tradition of taking in actual “refugees”, as it is determined to be in the European legal tradition.According to the Dublin agreement, a refugee, operating under good faith, is someone fleeing for their lives or from severe persecution to the nearest place of safety. That would be a neighboring country, not one halfway around the world. For that reason, all “refugees” entering the United States are really some form migrant. Granted, many may come from incredibly disparate situations prior to entering the United States, but to become part of the refugee process, they were first vetted from areas where they had reasonable safety first, such as refugee camps in Jordan or Lebanon. For that reason, we can say that all refugees in those situations have escaped the immediate danger and are, honestly, at this point competing with other refugees for the best possible outcome afterward.This makes them migrants, who aren't afforded the same hospitality. Because they became expatriates to a nation under more or less peaceful circumstances and of their own accord, there is no binding obligation of a host nation to provide for a person's well-being, other than the basic rights of security afforded to anyone.That said, a person “fleeing” from oppression in the Middle East, and doing so by buying a ticket from a Cairo airport, stopped being a refugee a long time ago. They weren’t a refugee when they left Egypt, a safe country by most accounts. They then weren’t a refugee again when their plane landed in a layover in Berlin, and then again when they had another layover in Shannon, Ireland. Why, according to the precedence of the Dublin Regulation, these people were still refugees in New York where they landed, I have no idea. The truth was they weren’t. Words mean things and these people weren’t refugees. They were migrants, as was everyone who migrated from these regions, as there is no possible way to walk to the United States from the Middle East. Turkey, Lebanon, even Israel, yes they are experiencing real refugees. Not New York, so we need to start getting that straight.That isn’t to say the United States should be unsympathetic to the plight of the real refugees. We are the nation best suited in the world to bring about real change to help them, but immigration into the United States, nor even the rest of Europe won’t be how we help them. We have to really think about this, does allowing immigration, even from asylum seekers, really solve the problem, or does it just open a faucet further to a problem that’s source lies very far elsewhere. A better summary of this idea can be seen here.While I am for a strong immigration policy that brings in the best minds to the United States with the fewest risks to Americans, I have to say that the rationale of the preceding video should lead us to the conclusion that our responsibility shouldn’t be giving every person having less fortune than we do a share of our own good fortune. That is the type of socialistic thinking that just creates equality through everyone being exactly as destitute. What makes far, far more sense, is that we should attempt through whatever means are available to solve the problems where they are before taking on risks ourselves.With that point made, let’s look at “over there”.Can anyone tell me what it is we are looking at here?Not sure? Here’s a better image.Or perhaps this one,or this.Still confused? They’re tents - over one hundred thousand tents which have the ability to house over three million people. What’s more, they come complete with access to healthcare, food, clean running water for drinking, hygiene, and toilet. Oh, and if you look closely, yes, they’re air conditioned, as well.To understand the gravity of how massive this complex is, you have to view it from space.What’s best is that this tent city, which one would presume perfect for housing and caring for the hundreds of thousands of displaced and brutalized individuals victimized by wars, civil insurrection, and the rise of ISIS, is miraculously in the center of where these conflicts are occurring. One would think, then, that this place would be overflowing with charitable aid and support for the displaced refugees? What else could it be for?Well, one would think.This is the tent city of Mina, in Saudi Arabia. It is a gathering place for millions of Muslims every year as they hold the mandatory observance of the Hajj. The Hajj is an obligatory pilgrimage commanded of all able bodied Muslims who have the means to go, where they travel to the holy city of Islam, Mecca to visit key points to Islamic History and the founding of the religion. The intent of the Hajj is to reinforce one’s belief in the faith while bringing people from all over the world together to shed the comforts of civilisation and dissolve class and cultural distinctions.The tent city serves as a housing facility for the millions of Muslims who attend each and every year, and one which isn’t free. According to Al Jazeera:The majority of pilgrims stay in the tent city, where more than 100,000 white tents are built side-by-side in the low-lying valley. The majority of these tents can accommodate about 50 people, and the average price for each pilgrim is $500.For the exceptionally wealthy, there are other options, such as the plain, two-by-two-metre room in a portacabin dug into the sand and fitted with two beds and a small cabinet - with a price tag of $3,500 for each person a night.[2]Unironically, the Saudi Arabian Kingdom is also constructing the nation’s tallest and most luxurious hotel complex to provide wealthy Muslim hajis ease of access to the the kaaba stone and other pilgrimage sites, in this holy pilgrimage to celebrate the oneness and classless observance of unity under Allah.At this point, we need to understand who is charging these crazy prices for what should be a mandatory pilgrimage, and who decided that they couldn’t use it to shelter the millions of savaged people struggling to survive only a few hundred miles away. Well, quite obviously and disappointingly, it is the people who run the holy city, the theocratic branch of Saudi Arabian government responsible for overseeing religious operations, such as maintenance of holy sites, organizing the pilgrimages, and overseeing the construction of foreign Mosques.Saudi Arabia is feudal, meaning that the nation is still ruled by major families. The first, the House of Saud, rules in a semi-secular monarchy. The second most powerful family, the house of Wahhab, are the descendants of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792) with an extended family numbering around 1500 and highly intermarried to the Saudi Royal Family. Muhammad al-Wahhab was a radical Islamic cleric of the time who allied with the founder of the house of Saud, and together the secular warlord and the fundamentalist Imam were able to create a regime to challenge the then rulers of the Islamic world, the Turks. Skip forward to today, and the House of Wahhab holds extreme power over not just the religion in Mecca and Saudi Arabia, but given the universal nature of the Hajj and other Islamic practices, hold exceptional influence over the entire Islamic world, not to mention in control of the vast wealth generated by the pilgrimage industry.[3]Continuing on, this branch of religious leaders is among the chain that philosophically led directly to the radical brand of Islam that we are seeing today by way of the Islamic State. That isn’t to say the two are synonymous, but they are very closely related. Much of the Islamic State’s ideology is traced directly to Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, the founder of Wahhabism. For that reason, many of the leading and influential leaders in Saudi Arabia, particularly powerful Imams within the Wahhab line, have been key supporters to the Islamic State faction and the two are linked far more than the Saudi Arabian government would like to admit. Given their influence, we’ve seen millions in charity of Islamic organizations go towards radicalized institutions, from the Islamic State directly, to radicalized mosques in Europe. However, since a state isn’t the individuals within it, the United States is relatively powerless to do much in the way of eliminating the threat posed by these radical adherents to their brand of the faith.The last major point that must be discussed before I move on is the international intervention from outside Europe on behalf of the refugees by way of Islamic religious interference. By this, I am referring to Saudi Arabia's 2015 offer to build over 200 Sunni mosques throughout Germany to help serve the needs of the migrants in transition. This offer was not well received by many, who felt it a disingenuous.[4]Rather, it was viewed for what it was, an attempt by the Saudi Arabian government, a strict monarchy with close ties to the ruling religious Imams over the most religiously significant region in Islam, to spread their collective influence throughout the European continent. By building mosques in Europe, the Imams of Mecca gain access to millions Muslims outside the reach of the holy city of Islam.In this way, there is a direct channel from the billions raised through fees and services offered during religious rites of passage like the Hajj, being reinvested to create mosques throughout Europe for the displaced refugees, mosques which report directly to the leadership in Mecca. It doesn't help that within Europe, a number of these same affiliated mosques are where several of the known terrorists originated already.Having said all that, I’d like to place the question in your head if it wasn’t already there…How many refugees has Saudi Arabia taken in with all those tents?The answer is rather horrifying. Absolutely none. No Arabian country has taken in a single refugee since the conflict began.And this is confirmed: According to Amnesty International:Gulf countries including Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Bahrain have offered zero resettlement places to Syrian refugees.And according to the fact checking site Snopes[5]:For their part, Saudi Arabia says they have taken in thousands of Syrians, but as a September story from BBC points out, it has taken them in as visitors or temporary workers, not on refugee visas, and indeed, it is incredibly difficult for Syrians to obtain any type of visa for most Gulf states. Without a visa, they can only enter Algeria, Mauritania, Sudan, and Yemen.I’m not saying that Saudi Arabia is abundantly flowing with open fields that are livable, but those tents could fully house every refugee that went to Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, and Egypt through the first half of 2015, and could have immeasurably increased the world communities ability to aide the rest. But when so many countries throughout the world are being pressured to take in refugees because it is the humane thing to do, currently the focus is on the United States, I feel remiss not to remind the world of the complete lack of empathy toward the Syrians by their fellow Arab Muslims with the already existing infrastructure that, for all intents and purposes, seems built to house the millions of people suffering from the effects of Islamic jihadist violence.Frankly, I feel that this simply isn’t our problem to fix, at least not when others far, far more involved and tied to the conflict feel no sense of responsibility themselves. To the shame of some of some of these places, the nation which took in the most refugees wasn’t even an Islamic one, but the nation with the largest Christian population in the region - Lebanon, a fact especially telling of the Lebanese people when considering that the 2.3 million refugees are being supported by a nation which in 2010, had a population of only 4 million people.Contrast the previous images of Mina to that of the Lebanese. Below, you see one of seven major campsites housing refugees.I just wish people would consider how much help could have been given if the first 3 million people who fled the conflict could have been cared for in Saudi Arabia, rather than dispersed to the winds where tens’s of thousands have died in the process. Literally each and every refugee to Lebanon could have lived in a single tent complex in Saudi Arabia that goes useless most of the year. Why didn’t they? Because the tents were for the Hajj, where (paying) pilgrims need them. The problem is that the Hajj only lasts 2 weeks, so the other 50 weeks of the year, there is absolutely no excuse, except that there is no money in that.To be brutally honest, this image below was used to convince millions of Europeans that it was their responsibility to end the Syrian Refugee Crisis, that they were somehow immoral or acting against human decency for not making the way easier for refugees, or often, migrants to make their way into and be embraced by Europe.I look at this image and see something very different. I see the result of what happens when people who have a natural responsibility to the conflict, to the people, also being Arab Muslims, and given their vast wealth and resources perfectly suited to solving, or at least greatly alleviating this problem, have done nothing. Actually, they’ve done far worse than nothing. They’ve forced decent God fearing Muslims to pay unGodly amounts of money to perform the very rites which their religion demands, and instead of using that money to help alleviate the suffering they are at least in part responsible for causing, they’ve used it, and the refugees themselves, to extend their influence throughout the regions where the Syrian diaspora has been flung to. All the while, they have helped push an agenda that this tragedy was somehow the responsibility of Europe, and now America, to solve. The West has been drug through a never ending guilt trip over what we apparently owe to this little boy who died before he ever even reached Europe. I want to stress that word, unGodly, because I feel that this level of inhuman manipulation, shirking one’s natural responsibilities, and callousness indicates an ideology that is truly without God.Now, I know I can already hear it, “Islamophobia”. It isn’t my problem that you think that, I’ve provided my evidence and you can check the links at the bottom yourself. Neither this answer, nor the so called “Muslim Ban” is about prejudice towards Muslim people. You are saying that you know Muslims where you live and they aren’t all bad, so stereotyping them with this information is wrong. The problem here is that I didn’t do that, nor has Donald Trump. I’ve specifically named the key groups and people I find the most repulsive and at the most fault. For that reason, the good Muslims you know aren’t relevant here. We aren’t talking about individual Muslim people, nor the whole of Islam, but specific groups with overwhelming influence in Islam today who chose to do nothing.It’s important to remember that I have lived in these places I write about. I learned the language and spoke face to face with them in their native tongue. I learned about Islamic history and culture less than an hour from Baghdad, one of the most historically important centers of Islamic culture, and I have known more good Muslims than most western readers will ever meet. To that end, the people I detest the most are the people who kill two good Muslims for every one non-Muslim they butcher through their fanatical worldview of what True Islam is, and those who can’t be bothered enough to help their fellow Muslims with charity they are so prepared to give. To me, people who say it is wrong for me to speak ill of any Muslim for fear of creating more prejudice in the world are unwitting apologetics for those types of criminal mindsets, while I myself, who seek to enlighten others of the differences between good and bad Muslims, have nothing to apologize for. To say that this is a criticism of Muslims is wrong, but it is a criticism of the people who have the most power to aid good Muslims.So why can’t we make the Saudis do anything to help?As I have already mentioned, Saudi Arabia has many reasons, none of them good, to not help the refugees of their region. In part, the ideology with which much of the Islamic fundamentalists draw their roots from, are the same as that of the ruling faction of the theocratic arm of the Saudi Arabian government. Second, the nation has extremely high per capita wealth that it doesn’t want to dilute and aiding the refugees in the most obvious way would radically upset one of the most profitable sources of the nation’s income (besides oil) being the pilgrimage industry centered in Mecca. Perhaps the biggest problem, though, is that it doesn’t have to.The zero number ultimately comes from the United Nations High Commission of Refugees, or the 1951 UN Convention/1967 Protocol, mentioned earlier.The refugee count by the UNHCR is determined by counting those “persons recognized as refugees under the 1951 UN Convention/1967 Protocol, the 1969 OAU Convention, in accordance with the UNHCR Statute, persons granted a complementary form of protection and those granted temporary protection.”As you can see, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait,Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Yemen (which is undergoing its own refugee crisis) are not signatories to the 1951 Convention[6] and do not grant the full rights guaranteed by the Convention to refugees within their borders. Specifically, they are in violation of Article 34 of the Convention, the possibility of assimilation and naturalization since a path to citizenship is not granted , and possibly Article 23, the requirement to be treated like nationals with respect to public relief and assistance. Because of these violations, the UNHCR reports these countries as sheltering 0 refugees as they lack full rights.According to sources friendly to the Arab states, the numbers of “refugees” they have taken on varies wildly between 30,00 and, according to the Saudis themselves, 2.5 million. [7]You’ll get 1 million from Newsweek[8], 2.5 from the Huffington Post[9] and Al Jazeera[10], though most reasonable estimates place the actual number much closer to between 100,000 and 500,000, favoring the low end[11].Having said that, it’s important to understand that Saudi Arabia simply doesn’t “do” refugees… so what status are these people? [12]Saudi Arabia instead issues working visas, which allow the refugees to work in Saudi Arabia, but never to become Saudis. According the the BBC as many as 100,000 were never refugees, but are merely enjoying the visas they previously had before the Syrian crisis extended[13]. Whatever their origin story, they are temporary labor, rather, cheap servants, which the country (actually countries since the practice is common throughout the region) has the right to dismiss when the crisis is over, whether there is a Syria to return to or not, or simply at their leisure. The refugees themselves have absolutely no rights traditionally given to those in flight from persecution.[14] To the Arab states, they are simply commodity assets.That said, there many who are actual signatories to the 1967 Protocol who are also not doing their “fair share” of the refugee lifting, that is, if the United States is to be held accountable at all. The US took in around 85,000 refugees in 2015, of which at least 10,000 were Syrian, and around 39,000 Muslim[15]. Compare this to other signatories such as Japan, which has taken in only 27, rejecting over 99% of its applicants.[16] According to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Beijing, by the end of August 2015, there were nine refugees and 26 asylum seekers from Syria in China. [17]Even Canada, whose Liberal Prime Minister recently rebuked the United States for being discriminatory, would have to double the number of refugees they take every year to even equal what the United States has taken in on average since 2004.[18] The new proposed limit on refugees into the United States is still 20,000 more than Canada is taking now, and if the United States never took on another refugee, Canada would not surpass the United States in total refugees taking asylum within their borders until the 2020s. [19]Now, the United States is being compared to Germany, who took in more than any other European nation as a show of their desire for openness and humanitarian virtue. What we aren’t dealing with, though, is that they are also an aging country. In 2012, Germany had 1.38 births per woman. For a nation to maintain itself, it needs a minimum of 2.1 live births per woman if it expects to sustain a population. Given the huge margin between the 2.1 and 1.38 (it actually fell below 2.1 in 1970) the German workforce has been placing more of the economic burden on fewer and fewer young people with each passing dead. By 2010, the nation, though still economically strong due to its tradition of engineering and reliance on automation, was teetering on the edge of an economic collapse if it could not manage to replace the workers it was losing with new ones. Alarmingly, this trend is common for most of the post-industrialized West. So the collapse of the Middle East, to be cynical, couldn’t have come at a better time for Germany. That said, the international guilt trip is ill-deserved. Germany made its choices not for some great sense of humanitarian altruism, but to prevent a future collapse of it’s geopolitical balance of power within the Euro zone. It’s also paying the price for the compromises it made in welcoming so many, so quickly.That said, we are done with the international guilt trip. Nations which are critical of the United States aren’t and haven’t done as much as the United States, even though little responsibility resides with us. That is to say, that no refugee from any affected country could reasonably hold the United States as the first nation which could afford it protection before the slew of others they had to cross to get to it. Secondly, proclaiming the injustice of the ban only forces those who support it to remind others of the numerous nations who have done little besides treat the refugees as assets and servants, or those who hold exactly the same obligations as the United States, but have done nothing to follow through on those obligations. In doing so, the events of the 2010’s made evident that the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees signed first in 1951, then ratified in 1967 is a failed piece of legislature as it is completely unenforceable, and leaves open too many nations to abuse what other nations are forced to endure.I would say this, perhaps the 2010’s have taught us what a frail world we actually have, and have made clear the need for yet more humanitarian work to be done. For that reason, I think one of the greatest achievements that President Trump should hope to achieve is working with the world community to create a new convention on the treatment and settlement of refugees displaced in an era of uncertainty that is to come. He needs to lead the world in holding all nations accountable for the obligations they set forth besides only the United States and Western European countries, and first and foremost, to force cooperation and humane treatment from the people closest to the center of this crisis and with the most means to help, the Arabian Muslim nations.With that said, we need to stop calling this a “Muslim Ban”This, to objective readers, obviously isn’t a ban on Muslims, as it doesn’t even target the majority of Muslim countries.The green area is the “Muslim world,” the nations in which Muslims constitute either a majority, or as in India and China, the regions in those nations where they represent a sizable minority. The red nations are those which were placed on the temporary ban on immigration into the United States. Those nations are Libya, Sudan, Somalia, Yemen, Syria, Iraq, and Iran. The executive order on immigration bars citizens of these countries from entering the United States for the next 90 days and suspends the admission of all refugees for 120 days with an indefinite hold on Syria. Given the temporary nature of this order, it seems obvious that this isn’t a permanent ban on Muslims, but a stop gap measure while a new policy is created.Secondly, the reason these particular nations got on this list is because they are centers of radical Islamic terror.Syria and Iraq are obvious in that they are the center of Islamic State activity and have created online rhetoric used to radicalize moderate Muslims in the United States already into the “lone wolf” shooters we’ve seen in California, Texas, and Florida. Worse, citizens returning to Europe from after fighting with the Islamic state, some hiding among the real refugees fleeing from there have been the source of the massive terror attacks of the last two years.Libya is a known fallback point for Islamic State insurgents. It has long served as a recruitment center, channelling many unemployed Libyans and being the first stop off point for many Europeans on the way to join the Islamic State fighters. It is also the location of the Benghazi attack which was made infamous during the elections.Iran is next on the list, as it is the nation most responsible for contributing to terror in the region. Yes, far more than the Islamic State, Iran has been intricately involved with Shia militia groups throughout the region, arming them, training them, and aiding them supplanting Sunni ruling governments. To understand this, you need to understand the Quds Force. The Quds (or Qods) Force of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) is responsible for extra-territorial operations, including terrorist operations. They exist as a special forces unit of the Iranian military with skill sets that marry the American Green Beret and CIA. They have been a key contributor to Hezbollah in their campaign against Israel, and the primary supporter of terror activities and rebels in Yemen, which is also why Yemen is on the list. It should also be noted that just this weekend, Yemen was also the site of a US Navy SEAL raid on a key Al Qaeda leader. [20]Sudan has been a source of recent turmoil and Islamic repression of non-Muslims. Funded by sources in the al Qaeda network, warlords have been held responsible for numerous war crimes in the conduct of that conflict. The war in Sudan eventually led to the break-up of that country forming the breakaway state of South Sudan.Somalia has been a region vastly impoverished by the disruption of their native way of life, fishing off the gulf of Aden. Massive Arabian fishing industries have destroyed the fishing markets and forced many Somalis to lives of piracy and joining with regional and tribal warlords. Chief among these is the group Al-Shabab, an Al-Qaeda linked terror group.Given the nature of these countries, one can see why it is in the best interests of the United States to at least ensure the immigration policies adequately prevent with reasonable certainty that that no radical terrorists are able to come in through American hospitality and naivety. Furthermore, it can’t go without mentioning that this list was not even created by the Trump administration, but by the Department of Homeland Security in February of 2016 under the Obama administration, which dealt specifically with the subject of limiting visas from these same countries. [21]Now, I will go a few steps further and say that his list is incomplete. I would add a few nations to the list including Afghanistan, though it may be under other legislation already. I simply don’t know, but I don’t know why it would be off a list like this otherwise. I would also add Nigeria, the home of Boko Haram, another Al Qaeda and Islamic State linked terror organization made famous when they kidnapped and murdered several young girls from Nigerian towns and villages. I would also think that this event would put Pakistan on notice for their, at the very least, passive support of the Taliban by turning a blind eye to their activities along the nation’s northern border with Afghanistan. As you can guess, I’m also not a huge fan of Saudi Arabia, but to their credit, they do not actually have active terrorism inside their national borders, nor are they a major conflict zone, in spite of the numerous supporters agents of these that live there and have ties to the country. We also have that nasty business of them having most of (on?) the planet by the balls with regards to that black stuff the sands are floating on. So just so we're clear, I’m not happy about that whole geopolitically untouchable Saudi Arabia. Seriously, scientists, get the lead out on that whole renewable energy and power storage issue. Once you do, the world will become a vastly improved place for reasons you haven’t even thought about.What is also important to note are the Muslim nations not mentioned in the temporary immigration ban. The most populous Muslim nation - Indonesia, is not banned. In fact, of the eight most heavily populated Muslim countries; Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Iran, and Turkey, only one is one of those is under the travel ban, and only one other even appears on my ban. This is clearly not a ban on the Islamic religion or the Muslim diaspora. It is clearly a restriction on Muslims coming from extremely volatile areas where terror is likely to occur and where a large number of immigrants would hold the very real and plausible threat of containing at least one or more people linked to regional terror.What President Trump is doing is also in no way unprecedented. Every President since Jimmy Carter, including Barack Obama, have used the power vested in the executive office to ban or restrict immigration or visa privileges to groups or even whole countries. This power is granted by the Nationality Act of 1952, specifically the limitations set forth in section 212(f) on whom can enter the country. [22]"Whenever the president finds that the entry of aliens or of any class of aliens into the United States would be detrimental to the interests of the United States, the president may, by proclamation, and for such period as he shall deem necessary, suspend the entry of all aliens or any class of aliens as immigrants or non-immigrant's or impose on the entry of aliens any restrictions he may deem to be appropriate."Barack Obama has actually used this power six times, first by issuing blanket bans to match previous US bans on travel and visas, then again five other times, one more in 2011, twice in 2012 and twice in 2014. In those, he targeted people aiding Iran, Syria, Crimea, and those involved in war crimes. This, of course, was before his Department of Homeland Security created the now notorious list of countries which should be considered potential threats where immigrants are concerned. In 2011 President Obama suspended refugees from Iraq for six months when it was discovered that an Iraqi suspected terrorist, who was previously detained in Iraq, linked to an IED attack, and with fingerprints in the US government system, slipped through the US vetting system in 2009.[23]In 2015 Congress passed, and Obama signed, a law restricting visas from states listed in the current ban. In 2016 President Obama’s Head of the Department of Homeland Security, Jeh Johnson, expanded the 2015 restrictions[24]into a system that seems remarkably similar to the current restrictions being placed by President Trump, current act which President Obama is somehow saying goes against the “American way”[25].President Obama was not unique in doing this either. His six matches former President George W. Bush who used the executive powers six times, as well. Bill Clinton did twice, and George H.W. Bush, Ronald Reagan, and Jimmy Carter instituted bans using their executive powers a combined seven times.[26]Jimmy Carter, it needs to be mentioned was the first to use it on an entire country, banning immigration from Iran, deporting Iranian students, as well as issuing a series of sanctions against the nation.On Nov. 27, 1979, - Executive Order 12172,By virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, 8 USC 1185 and 3 USC 301, it is hereby ordered as follows:SECTION 1-101. Delegation of Authority. The Secretary of State and the Attorney General are hereby designated and empowered to exercise in respect of Iranians holding nonimmigrant visas, the authority conferred upon the President by section 215(a) (1) of the Act of June 27, 1952 (8 USC 1185), to prescribe limitations and exceptions on the rules and regulations governing the entry of aliens into the United States.SEC. 1—102. Effective Date. This order is effective immediately.JIMMY CARTERThe White House,November 26, 1979.In spite of this, many are still holding to the idea that what we have is a “Muslim ban” because of remarks made early in the campaign trail or those by former Mayor of New York City, Rudy Giuliani where such a ban was planned and Giuliani was asked to create a commission on how such a ban would work. In Giuliani’s own words, what the commission did was focus on security instead of religion, exactly why the they chose the nations they did in the first place. That said, since so many feel that this one news interview invalidates everything else I have said, I have to speak on the nature of criticism. It is right to be critical or, to use a different word skeptical, to seek out other information to validate key leaders or key decisions. All of you reading this far are at least skeptical that what you are hearing isn’t the whole story, but many aren’t skeptical. They are cynical. They are not critical of the policies themselves or the people who made them, communicated them, or implement them. Their work centers only on trying to validate their biases with any possible piece of data, every misspoken word, every third-party opinion which may be taken as far out of context with which to serve as evidence that, “Nevermind all that other evidence… this, this here! This 12 seconds of a 45 minute interview is all you need to know to know that my preconceived notions are validated!” We need skepticism and to hold those to power accountable, but cynicism is it’s own type of evil, that we need to recognize in ourselves before doing harm to others. What we have now, is by no means a “ban on Muslims”.Given that this act by Donald Trump has been labelled by even major news media sources, I have to hope that many people at this time are at least questioning the validity of their sources, but I feel I have made my point clear that “Trump’s Muslim Ban” is neither a ban on Muslims nor something unprecedented to Donald Trump. Simply put, retweeting celebrities brandishing the #Muslimban is counter-factual, hyperbolic, hypocritical, and feeding the mass hysteria surrounding what in reality amounts to little more than a temporary assessment of procedures in the immigration process.Okay, so why do we need the ban in the first place?Again, it’s important to remember that this is a temporary ban, emphasis on temporary, barring citizens of these countries from entering the United States for the next 90 days and suspends the admission of all refugees for 120 days with an indefinite hold on Syria, and it is done with a purpose.The purpose is to ascertain the status of how we vet and clear refugees and potential migrants from dangerous areas, to clear any porous failures in the system, and reopen the program once the American people can be sure that the system is reasonably secure from the types of threats we saw during the previous administration.And yes, we saw numerous failures in the vetting process over that time period, most notably, the one that saw 14 Americans killed in San Bernardino, California.Jack Snyder reminds us that the system for vetting these refugees fails, we currently do not have a vetting system that these countries on the have the ability to comply with, as theirs and our criminal justice systems store and track criminals in radically different ways, if at all. Essentially, unless the refugee’s personal identification has been entered into some criminal database for some reason after entering the United States or an FBI watch list then there isn’t much to go on.Among the agencies involved are the State Department, the FBI's Terrorist Screening Center, the Department of Defense and the Department of Homeland Security. A DHS officer conducts in-person interviews with every applicant. Biometric information such as fingerprints are collected and matched against criminal databases. Biographical information such as past visa applications are scrutinized to ensure the applicant's story coheres.Through this system of “vetting”, or lack thereof, the San Bernardino shooters, Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik passed through and were able to enter the United States. Farook, an American born Sunni Muslim, should have triggered watch lists during his repeated visits to Saudi Arabia, but more importantly his wife Malik, a Pakistani born women who spent most of her life in Saudi Arabia, whose family maintained significant land holdings in cities linked with jihadist activities. The two met online and married in Saudi Arabia during a visit in 2014. At this point Malik was able to enter the United States. Farook then broke off contact from his mosque and months later, the two carried out an attack against members of Farook’s office[27] (called “workplace violence” at the time). The San Bernardino Terror Attack killed 12 people and injured 22, but it could have been much worse had the explosives planted for the first responders didn’t fail to detonate.Numerous accounts have said that even the ban we have today wouldn’t have stopped these two, to which I would agree. To say that, however, is to not understand the purpose of the temporary ban at all. To give planners time to assess where the gaps in our system are and what needs to be fixed. Obviously a system that allows Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik to not even register as possible risks should be considered something that should have triggered something. The current system can’t catch people like them, nor can the ban. The ban on immigration, however, wasn’t meant to do that; the system of vetting is. That’s why what the three months are for, to give planners time to find holes in the system like what the San Bernardino shooters slipped through, as well as those of all the others below:Another failed case dates back to Little Rock in June of 2009.Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad shot and murdered one soldier, Army Pvt. William Andrew Long, and injured another, Pvt. Quinton Ezeagwula, at a military recruiting station in Little Rock. Muhammad reportedly converted to Islam in college and was on the FBI's radar after being arrested in Yemen–a hotbed of radical Islamic terrorism–for using a Somali passport, even though he was a U.S. citizen. In a note to an Arkansas judge, Muhammad claimed to be a member of al-Qaeda in the Arab Peninsula, the terror group's Yemen chapter.[28]The FBI had already been alerted to Muhammad after being arrested in Yemen for using a fake passport. Though a US citizen, he should never have been allowed back in when he was able to kill one soldier and injure another.Another case involves two other refugees from Iraq who made it through the system and lived in Kentucky for several years before being indicted on charges of conspiracy to kill U.S. nationals abroad, conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction against U.S. nationals abroad, distributing information on the manufacture and use of IEDs, attempting to provide material support to terrorists and to al-Qaeda in Iraq, as well as conspiracy to transfer, possess and export Stinger missiles.An intelligence tip initially led the FBI to Waad Ramadan Alwan, 32, in 2009. The Iraqi had claimed to be a refugee who faced persecution back home -- a story that shattered when the FBI found his fingerprints on a cordless phone base that U.S. soldiers dug up in a gravel pile south of Bayji, Iraq on Sept. 1, 2005. The phone base had been wired to unexploded bombs buried in a nearby road.An ABC News investigation of the flawed U.S. refugee screening system, which was overhauled two years ago, showed that Alwan was mistakenly allowed into the U.S. and resettled in the leafy southern town of Bowling Green, Kentucky, a city of 60,000 which is home to Western Kentucky University and near the Army's Fort Knox and Fort Campbell. Alwan and another Iraqi refugee, Mohanad Shareef Hammadi, 26, were resettled in Bowling Green even though both had been detained during the war by Iraqi authorities, according to federal prosecutors.… the FBI discovered that Alwan had been arrested in Kirkuk, Iraq, in 2006 and confessed on video made of his interrogation then that he was an insurgent, according to the U.S. military and FBI, which obtained the tape a year into their Kentucky probe. In 2007, Alwan went through a border crossing to Syria and his fingerprints were entered into a biometric database maintained by U.S. military intelligence in Iraq, a Directorate of National Intelligence official said. Another U.S. official insisted that fingerprints of Iraqis were routinely collected and that Alwan's fingerprint file was not associated with the insurgency.In 2009 Alwan applied as a refugee and was allowed to move to Bowling Green, where he quit a job he briefly held and moved into public housing on Gordon Ave., across the street from a school bus stop, and collected public assistance payouts, federal officials told ABC News.Perhaps more alarming is that this isn’t an isolated event as that at the time of this report (2013) FBI Agent Gregory Carl, director of the Terrorist Explosive Device Analytical Center "We are currently supporting dozens of current counter-terrorism investigations like that," in an ABC News interview to broadcast for ABC News' "World News with Diane Sawyer" and "Nightline".I just want to break for a moment and ask what to me seems like a much more serious question. “How the hell did they get stinger missiles in the middle of the United States?” I’m serious. How in the hell did a man whose fingerprints were known to have been found on an IED, who openly confessed to attacking US soldiers in Iraq in 2006, show up with stinger missiles in the middle of the United States in 2013?Furthermore, Sebastian Gorka, as national security professional specializing in irregular warfare has gone on record to state that the US has prosecuted about 500 people for terrorism since 9/11 and that half of them were not born in the United States, many of those on visas that had expired or were actually asylum seekers.[29]Perhaps most disturbing, is that these aren’t such fringe cases representative of an extreme minority of fanaticized Muslims. They are representative of something else going on in large segments of the population. The world “radical” in the term radical Islamic terrorism means something. It means transformative. The radical in this case is meant to describe the nature of the ideology of groups like the Islamic state. They view all other forms of Islam to be apostates, or not real Muslims, and earning special condemnation. In this way, Jihad, or an Islamic holy war, is declared not only on non-Muslims, but the whole of the Islamic population. Jihad translates “struggle” and can take many forms; from physical aggression which we are all painfully aware of, to ideological struggle in the form of Sharia Law reforms and forced conversion, or even just an internal struggle to be a better Muslim (who determines what better is matters, in this case.)Why this matters is that 100 years ago, the ideology that fed into the creation of ISIS, was almost nonexistent. Now the Salafi movement is one of the largest growing segments of Islam and is literally transforming the religion through rhetoric, violence, and control of the major sites of Islam.[30]Why that matters is that it is in this minority of Muslims within Islam are responsible for the vast majority of the last half century of Islamic based terror has originated, as they continue, the proportion of Muslims who don’t identify with the Salifists dwindles to nothing. We see evidence for this in some surprising places.One would expect that the people who would be most adamantly opposed to the radical jihadism of people like ISIS would be the refugees themselves. What the evidence showed, was very different. The Doha, Qatar based Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies did a major opinion poll in 2014 of people from around the Middle East, including those who were currently Syrian Refugees. While a majority of the refugees expressed “negative” feelings as much as 23%, nearly a quarter, were not totally against what they stood for. More alarming, was that 13% of those in the refugee camps were supportive of the ideals of the Islamic State, answering that they harbored feelings either “positive”, or “positive to some extent” toward the Islamic State.[31]While I would like to see an updated study and one with a larger sample size, the implications of the study from just over two years ago tell us that the number of people within the refugee population sympathetic to a group antithetical to the safety of the American people is not a marginal amount. It shows that a sizable minority of them are exactly the type of Muslims people are concerned about, those who may not be violent, may not have ever committed a crime, those who will appear on no government registry, but who will be the ones who visit jihadist propaganda sites, be influenced by fanatical leaders, and it is among them that future, “lone wolf shooters” will arise to endanger Americans.This is exactly what happened with the Fort Hood Shooting, the Boston Marathon Terrorist Attacks, the Attempted Terrorist Attack in Garland, Texas, and the Pulse Massacre in Orlando. Individuals within the United States who already embraced some degree of ideology shared with violent fundamentalist Muslims, made their way into falling deeper into that rhetoric and “self-radicalized”. Sometimes they were coordinated and coaxed into their actions by others within the Islamic State on social media. Other times, they acted purely on their own. Perhaps even more unnerving was the story of the Chattanooga Military Base Shootings (July 2015), where the son of a Palestinian refugee (the group most likely to be sympathetic to ISIS rhetoric) hunted down and killed four Marine Corps recruiters.The thing is, I don’t think there is anyone left who honestly thinks all of Islam is bad. We’ve had the phrase “you can’t treat them as a monolith” beaten into us for years, to the point that we’re not the ones still doing it. We know that the majority of Muslims are good. In fact, by many studies, American Muslims are the best, the least radicalized of any population. When we look at the refugees, 13% is not a small number. We need to at least have an honest gut check that if this report is true, then of the 85,000 refugees the United States admitted last year under the vetting process which I’ve already addressed at length, 11,050 of the new entrants into the United States likely hold positive views of the ideals of the Islamic State, of which a few will surely turn radical as all the other examples I’ve already provided.What Trump supporters on Immigration Reform believe is that there is no reason to put American lives at risk for these 11,050 people. There is absolutely nothing that America has to gain by admitting these 11,050 people, so Trump supporters say, “no.”Who's hurt the most in this? Clearly the other 74,000. They deserve the chance to be contributing members of the United States. They really do. I want everyone to be an American, but we wouldn’t be America if we did that. People want to feel like they are the altruistic humanitarian who sees the good in every person, but when there is a murder, or a mass killing, all they can say is that “we can’t treat Islam as monolith”, “not all Muslims are bad”, and throwing around words like “racist”, “xenophobic”, and “Islamophobic.” Look, we understand not everyone is bad, but accepting the reality of the 11,050 ISIS sympathizers already in the United States solves even less, particularly for rectifying the 74,000 who even we know will never do anything wrong. The thing is, to many of us, one American life is worth more to us than 74,000 strangers, and if we believe there is risk of even one American, then there is no reason that we should be where they find a final place to resettle.According to the new policy, the cap for new refugees will be set to 50,000. If nothing in the current system is changed, that will still allow in 6,500 people who hold beliefs antithetical to American culture into the country. Currently, assuming there is no system to know if these people are criminals in their own country, and if the systems we already have to test who is and is not already an insurgent fighter are so flawed, then there is no way to know who those 6,500 people could be. This is why “extreme vetting” in necessary, and like so many other things radically taken out of context, tests to know which schools of Islamic theology an applicant descends from. A trained interviewer can know the difference between someone sympathetic to Salifi Jihadism from a Shia Twelver. They can recognize one who follows the Hanafi school of thought from one of the Maliki. They can tell if someone is of the Oveyssi Tariqah of Sufi or if they are Ahmadiyya. Most of these, are not a threat to anyone. Most of these, we can be sure will never harm anyone. We can even say that, if America can filter those which would want to harm the United States and its people out of the vetting process, then America would create what would be the least violent, most tolerant, and most peaceful population of Muslims on Earth, which, by the way… we already have. Given time and the protection of America, this population will be free to speak out against the injustices of those schools of Islam which do inspire hate, and will able to take a better version of it back to the old world. They will be free to reverse the reformation of Islam we are seeing today and which is causing so much pain in the world. But this cannot happen if we do not have the intestinal fortitude to accept that some ideologies cannot be tolerable to Americans, and must not be allowed to threaten the American way of life, or its people, including the Muslims already among us.The point is, given these insurgents in Tennessee, the Little Rock Attack of June 2009, the Boston Marathon Terrorist Attacks (April 2013), the Garland Texas Attempted Terror Attack, the Chattanooga Military Base Shootings, the San Bernardino Terror Attack, the Fort Hood Shooting, the Boston Marathon Terrorist Attacks, and the Pulse Massacre in Orlando we do not have a system which inspires confidence or security in our ability or willingness to see wrongness in even a part of those who wish to enter our country. Our system clearly has holes that need to be fixed. Many of these weren’t related to refugees, but enough of them had links which the FBI, CIA, and intelligence community should have been able to apprehend. The numerous failures in the system that was said to be safe, left people afraid. They had no idea how the system was supposed to work, and were left with the evidence that there simply was none.Okay, but why are Christians getting special treatment?This is a good question and it goes much deeper than a desire to assuage one of Donald Trump’s cohorts, the Religious Right. The need for it is explained by both the long term and very recent history of the region in regard to Christian safety and security. It can perhaps be best explained first by explaining the existence of Israel.Israel would not exist if not for the holocaust of Europe. What that event showed the world was that Jews throughout the world suffered because they had no national homeland with which to lobby support internationally nor to serve as a place of refuge to flee persecution. For that reason, a Jewish Nationalist movement lobbied the ruling powers after WWII for a homeland of their own, which was later granted in the historic homeland of the Jewish diaspora, the present day Israel.Christians in the Middle East face similar risks. Most of their traditional homelands have been eroded away by Islamic rule or their democracies outnumbered by foreign immigration. Syria itself serves as a prime example, once being the epicenter of the Christian scholastic tradition. It was conquered by Islamic armies in the 7th Century, dealing a detrimental blow to Christian culture from that day forward. From then on, Islamic Law code (Sharia) has forbid the practice of converting a Muslim by punishment of death, forbid leaving Islam (apostasy) by similarly harsh, forbid the maintenance or building of Christian churches and religious sights, and even the imposed special taxes on Christians and Jews (Jizra.) Many of these laws still exist in one form or another, either written into the national constitutions of several nations, or practiced locally by culture. [32]Over the centuries, this has eroded the Christian populations of the Middle East to points where it is almost nonexistent today.This has been documented in the more recent history of Turkey. Most would not look to Turkey today as being a key Christian nation, but that is only if one is looking at Turkey through a current frame of reference. While the region has been home to large Muslim populations even before the Ottoman Empire, its history is marked as a key center of influence for Christians. The region was responsible for much of the growth and evolution of the Christian faith which has caused it to maintain a large Christian population throughout its history of Muslim rule. Even stretching into the 1900's, Turkey had a Christian population of at least 22%. Today, however, in spite of the religion’s incredible history there and eons of Christian populations which used to exist in the state, Christian Turks number only .21% of the overall population, less than 1% of their total number not 100 years ago. Today, the major Christian churches and temples there exist only as ruins and the Christian population has been all but completely extinguished. To help explain this, we need to research events such as those that took place in 1915 where over half a million Armenians were pushed out of modern Turkey into Syria and modern day Armenia, or the over 800,000 Greek Christians pushed out of their homes and resettled in Greece from 1915 to 1923. These two events do not explain the whole of the hollowing out of Christian Turkey, but begin to explain its phenomenal decline. This argument was recently brought back to the table by Pope Francis when he made this point."Concealing or denying evil is like allowing a wound to keep bleeding without bandaging it,"For reference, this population map of Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) serves to illustrate the eviction of the Christian Turkish population.Some data points include the closure and forced conversion of many of the major Christian Churches in the region. Fully 23 of the largest and most historical churches were converted to mosques while hundreds of others lay in ruins. A full list of those churches can be found here. Some of these were the largest religious centers in Europe, not the least of which being world cultural heritage sites like the Hagia Sophia, the center-point of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.Much of this happened under the rule of various Islamic Empires, most notoriously, the Ottomans who attempted to supplement the power of the royal state with that of their definition of a religious Caliphate, not unlike the Islamic State today. That said, purging of Christians from the country has endured long after the fall of the Ottoman Empires. Following the collapse of the empire, a group known as the Young Turks, progressive secular Turkish students, gained power over Turkey and instituted a series of reforms with the attempt to “modernize” Turkey. What the reforms actually did was to force millions of Christians into exile into Greece, the Balkans, and the Levant while millions more Muslims colonized their former homes from failed Islamic nations. It also opened the door to hundreds of thousands more being killed and resulting in over 1.5 millions deaths, in what history has recorded as the first confirmed genocide of the 21st century.[33]The last century has had the effect of seeing the nation's entire faith utterly wiped out. Advocates for Turkey's progress towards embracing of modern Western values fail to fully appreciate the modern crisis of Christians there to what amounts to cultural genocide. This is true to the point that even our current sitting president, and no champion of Christian international rights, spoke to the failure of Turkey in allowing and supporting the removal and desolation of the Christian population there.Former U.S. President Bill Clinton has criticized Turkey for its shrinking Christian population. "While your population is growing, why is your Christian Orthodox community shrinking?" he asked. He specifically cited the forced closing, in 1971, of Halki International Seminary, an important school of theology for the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the continuing failure to reopen it. Located on the island of Heybeliada, the seminary is particularly important to the Greek Orthodox. Both the U.S. Congress and the European Union have suggested that Turkey's entry into the EU should be contingent upon the reopening of the seminary and greater respect for religious minorities such as Orthodox Christians. President Obama echoed this sentiment in his 2009 speech to the Turkish parliament.Why Are There So Few Christians in Turkey?Naturally, this trend isn’t confined to only a single nation. Religion Demographics specialists Todd Johnson and Gina Zurlo have recently published a study in the Harvard Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policies that examines the situation of Christians in the Middle East in general and in some of its countries in specific. They noted that the overall Christian population of the Middle East stood at 13.6% in 1910. That 13.6% decreased over the course of the century to just 4.2% by 2010. Projection estimates for 2025 put the population at only 3.6%. Johnson and Zurlo attribute the shift to multiple reasons, including emigration due to wars, instability, and the rise of Islamic extremism, among other factors. [34]In particular, the study cited Lebanon. Lebanon, is a country in the heart of the Middle East and home to the region's largest Christian populations. The first official census in 1926 indicated 84% of the population were Christian. The most recent census in 2010 showed that the Lebanese Christian population, while still holding significant power in the country, now only numbers 34.3% of the population. What concerns many is that this doesn’t reflect a decline in the overall population of Christians, which has stayed relatively constant in that country, but reflective of massive immigration of Muslims into Lebanon with a first wave beginning around the 1960’s, followed by another larger wave in the late 1990’s, up to the point of explosive immigration following the rise of the Islamic State and breakdown of numerous regional states. [35]Remember from earlier that Lebanon has also taken on the most refugees during the continuing crisis. What many are fearing for the future of the Lebanese and the Christian population that lives there, is that these guests won’t return to Syria once the calamity is over… or can’t, instead resettling in Lebanon. Considering the nation’s 4 million population in 2010, the influx of another 2.3 million refugees represents a sudden increase in population of over one-third. [36]Such a burden on such a tiny nation (again, given that the option exists for Saudi Arabia to do anything, along with the numerous, much larger nations surrounding it) has had the effect of creating a crisis for that nation. After the crisis subsists, if the Lebanese are able to stay a working government, the fear is that the Christian population will be marginalized in the nation and lose control of the government as soon as the upcoming elections in June of 2017. Once that happens, many international Christians fear that the last true Christian refuge in the region will suffer the same slow withering of Christian rights through the steady implementation of Islamic laws as has happened in all other Muslim majority states.Finally, is the most recent rise of the Islamic State.Obviously antithetical to Christian security in the region, though little better to other Muslims who deviate only slightly from the narrow view of Islam that ISIS advocates, the Islamic State’s ideology, which continues to spread in spite of losses of territory and the deaths of many of their fighters, is creating an overwhelming environment of Christian persecution not seen since the Armenian Genocide. Numerous events in Syria and Iraq have featured Christians ritualistically murdered or simply massacred[37], ancient churches and religious sites destroyed[38], and even Christian women and girls enslaved for the carnal pleasure of Islamic State fighters[39].It is evident that Christians in the region no longer have a safe place of refuge with which will provide them lasting security. This was what happened to the Jews during the holocaust of World War II and for that reason, they will most likely be given some special preferential treatment in the refugee selection process for the United States. This again, because regional Muslims have so many options, not yet being open to them.The second reason why Christians would receive preferential treatment of Western immigration from these countries is obvious - Middle Eastern Christians are not a source of Islamic based terrorism, and particularly not in the United States. If we are being honest, if there is even a risk of one in a thousand refugees becoming a killer of Americans, it is infinitely less that it will come from this particular population.So is there anything that Conservatives don’t like about it?Sure. For one, it feels like overkill. While I’ve shown that the precedent has been set many times for similar bans on whole countries, we’ve never seen quite so public a ban on so many all at once. Secondly, politicians are politicians, and publicly, many are forced to respond according to their temperature reading on popular sentiment of the time. Given the Blue Checkmark Revolt of #MuslimBan the hysteria that has surrounded this particular case has left many saying things that, when viewed against their previous statements might come off inconsistent, if not simply embarrassing.Chuck Schumer’s humiliating display, bringing up a poor little girl before delivering the worst performance crying on queue in front of a national audience about how “mean spirited” Trump’s initiative was, not even two years after protesting vehemently how necessary the very same thing was when Obama did it, is the sort of cringe-worthy stuff that makes all of us loathe professional politicians.That said, many of those Conservative politicians are going to express that this sends a bad message that solidifies the beliefs of many that we are going to enter the next decade a very aggressive and intolerant nation. I really can’t argue with that. Of course, the counter to that argument is twofold. First, President Barack Obama was given the Nobel Peace Prize for doing nothing but making the world feel better about having a “nice guy” in the White House. During his tenure, however, he dropped more bombs in more countries (like the ones listed in the ban), while simultaneously seeing the world become much, much more violent and radicalized. It’s important to understand that when the world’s most powerful and influential leader was celebrated for making the world feel safer, one of the most important graphs of the 21st century… changed direction.That is to say that President Obama’s desire to be well liked by everyone in the world did not help the world. Iraq descended into chaos and many other nations began pushing to challenge the United States internationally. They simply didn’t respect him. Nor did many of the radical terrorists that are subject of this essay.I doubt anyone will love Donald Trump, but he is getting respect. There is an argument to be made by someone who has studied his business practices. He has a history of making outrageous demands to bring his adversary to a point of negotiation where he actually wanted to be in the first place. We can say that is drunken kung fu for international politics, but…There is something to be said that the very next day after the supposed “Muslim Ban”, the Saudi King called President Trump to agree to a major agenda piece Trump demanded during his campaign.Saudi Arabia's King Salman, in a telephone call on Sunday with U.S. President Donald Trump, agreed to support safe zones in Syria and Yemen, a White House statement said.Trump, during his presidential campaign last year, had called for Gulf states to pay for establishing safe zones to protect Syrian refugees.A statement after the phone call said the two leaders agreed on the importance of strengthening joint efforts to fight the spread of Islamic State militants."The president requested, and the King agreed, to support safe zones in Syria and Yemen, as well as supporting other ideas to help the many refugees who are displaced by the ongoing conflicts," the statement said.[40]That said, where I have seen a legitimate argument against it comes from an alleged leak of an interdepartmental memo of Foreign Service officers expressing discontent with the plan.Their main argument is that the plan won’t be able to work and will be counterproductive for foreign intelligence officers.[41] Why they say this is that the ban is only temporary so long as a plan can be made where refugees and immigrants can properly be vetted before being allowed in. What Foreign Service agents are afraid of is that these nations will never be able to create satisfactory systems which will meet the new requirements and result in permanent bans to US immigrations. Why this is important is that using such immigration processes is one of the carrots used to entice people to give up vital information which eventually helps lead to the capture or death of key terrorist leaders around the world. The process to let people in to the United States is to offer protection and a new life. That is an extremely fair argument, but I would offer a counter.What we are concerned with is losing one of our carrots to enticing in people with information, but are we really thinking about who these people are. By definition, they are traitors to traitors. While we could make the argument that many are simply reformed or have seen the error of their ways, many others are simply people with no loyalty to anyone. These people concern me, because what we are offering can be amnesty for many things and more importantly, a ticket to that which is most precious to the American people, our very security. I understand the need for political expediency, but we have to think about the carrot costs when we start dangling it around.That isn’t to say that, of course, there aren’t good people who we should let in. Obviously. Hameed Khalid Darweesh, the Iraqi man detained at JFK is example of that. Darweesh was a former translator for the US Army in Iraq and spent many years as a contractor and contact to help US forces first against the insurgency, and then against the Islamic State. That man deserves to be an American. Hell, we owe it to him… and that is precisely why we let him in under exceptions for cases specifically like his. [42]Thank you for reading. If you liked this answer, please upvote and follow The War Elephant. If you want to help me make more content like this, please visit my Patreon Support Page to learn how. All donations greatly appreciated!Footnotes[1] Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees[2] Mecca's $7,000-per-night makeshift room[3] Wahhabism - Wikipedia[4] Not all German politicians are bowled over by Saudi Arabia's 200 mosque offer[5] Saudi Arabia Denies Syrian Refugees?[6] Non-signatories to the 1951 Refugee Convention[7] Western Media's Miscount of Saudi Arabia's Syrian Refugees[8] The Gulf States Are Taking Syrian Refugees[9] Western Media's Miscount of Saudi Arabia's Syrian Refugees[10] Saudi Arabia denies not giving Syrians sanctuary[11] The Arab world’s wealthiest nations are doing next to nothing for Syria’s refugees[12] Saudi Arabia doesn’t ‘do’ refugees – it’s time to change that[13] Migrant crisis: Why Syrians do not flee to Gulf states - BBC News[14] The Problem with the 1951 Refugee Convention[15] How Many Refugees the U.S. Takes In and Where They Go[16] Japan recognizes only 27 refugees, despite rising numbers of applications | The Japan Times[17] Why China Isn’t Hosting Syrian Refugees[18] These 14 countries have taken more refugees than Canada[19] List of countries by refugee population - Wikipedia[20] Qods (Jerusalem) Force[21] Most claims about Trump's visa Executive Order are false or misleading[22] American History Documents II[23] FLASHBACK: Obama Suspended Iraq Refugee Program for Six Months Over Terrorism Fears in 2011 - Breitbart[24] https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/02/18/dhs-announces-further-travel-restrictions-visa-waiver-program (https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/02/18/dhs-announces-further-travel-restrictions-visa-waiver-program)xpanded)[25] Obama goes on tirade against Trump [26] Obama, 5 Predecessors Have Banned Some Immigrants, Including Muslims[27] Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik - Wikipedia[28] A Complete List of Radical Islamic Terror Attacks on U.S. Soil Under Obama[29] Sebastian Gorka: Political Correctness Has To Stop To Save American Lives[30] Salafi movement - Wikipedia[31] A Majority of Arabs Oppose ISIL, Support Air strikes on the Group[32] Where in the world is the worst place to be a Christian?[33] Armenian Genocide - Wikipedia[34] http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/JMEPP-JohnsonaandZurlo.pdf[35] Christians Are Disappearing From Lebanon[36] Log In - New York Times[37] Genocide of Christians by ISIL - Wikipedia[38] ISIS destroys a 1400-year-old monastery in Iraq[39] Why has the world forgotten Islamic State's female sex slaves?[40] Saudi king agrees in call with Trump to support Syria, Yemen safe zones: White House[41] BREAKING NEWS: Full Text of Draft Dissent Channel Memo on Trump Refugee and Visa Order[42] Iraqi man, Hameed Darweesh, free after detainment at JFK Airport

The internet’s biggest and updated exhaustive list of the best jobs for English majors and other humanities degrees (BA, MA, and PhD).After you finish this post, I also wrote an article about 5 emerging careers most humanities majors don’t know about and published a very helpful interview and article called, the Ultimate Guide to English Major Careers here.Finally, after struggling for two years, I share my advanced advice and practical steps in my eBook, which lays out a 18-week practical roadmap and shows you how to market your degree to employers.Let’s go through this long list of jobs. By the way, after you’re done this list I recommend my other post: 23 of the best jobs for History majors. It has more examples and all the jobs are relevant to English majors as well.It was April. My last month at graduate school. I was walking through the bright library searching for books to help me find a career with my English degrees (BA and MA in English). It seemed grim. Where do English majors end up after graduation? Teach? A proofreader? Teach?English BAs, MAs, and PhDs really end up in a bunch of different places. We struggle for a bit after graduation. We complain to each other. And then we disperse.The hard part, though, involves knowing where to begin. And to be honest, that day in the library when I discovered that English majors could do many different jobs, I was a little excited, even though I knew that my real dream job was being a professor.As this list of the best English major jobs will show, there is a real sense of freedom in doing an English degree. You can be so many things, work in so many industries, and find a rewarding career in an industry you may have never expected.Also, these jobs are not just for English majors–PhD’s in social sciences, history majors, and basically any humanities degree has a shot at these jobs.It’s a big list. Enjoy.Also, if you have a career to add or some advice for breaking into any of these industries, please leave a comment.Writing Jobs for English MajorsSearch Engine MarketingSearch engine marketing is a growing industry, which has attracted many English and humanities majors. It requires a combination of analytical ability and creativity, making English degrees often desired. As this industry is so young, you can’t learn this stuff in university, making it wide-open for motivated people with strong analytical skills.What do search engine marketers do? They help companies use digital channels to market their products. This includes online advertising, search engine optimization (SEO), and the use of web analytics to study how visitors interact with websites. You don’t need to be a programmer to work in search engine marketing. But, the thought of learning about the architecture of the web should excite you.How to break in? Start learning about the industry and then get an entry-level job in a search engine marketing agency. A great place to begin is to take the Google Certification Courses. Google offers certifications in all major areas of online marketing an after you are ‘Google Certified,’ employers will take you more seriously. This is inexpensive as well with each test only costing $50 and you can learn online for free.There are also a zillion blogs, books, and online courses to take. Read some!Direct Response CopywritingLots of English majors have become direct response copywriters. Fundraising letters, offers from cable and cell-phone companies, and other mail-based marketing are probably the work of some humanities major turned direct response copywriter.One of the most famous direct response copywriters, Michael Masterson, has a PhD in the humanities. He worked as a college professor before leaving the academic life to become a millionaire.I work in direct response, although in the digital marketing space. This industry requires an understanding of human psychology (why people buy), creativity, and the ability to use words in a way that inspires trust and an emotional connection between writer and reader.Direct response is a great path if you want to sell out like I did. Tons of writers, old humanities majors, and closet intellectuals are hiding out in the direct response industry.Digital CopywriterBanner ads, creative social media campaigns, blog posts, whitepapers, e-books, online strategies, landing pages, website copy, and viral promotion ideas–you’ll be writing all that fun stuff if you decide to work as a digital copywriter. Great job. Tons of humanities majors work as digital copywriters.How to break in? Write a funny, charming, intelligent letter to an agency and try to get an internship.B2B Content MarketingWith the rise of digital marketing, the need for content online has exploded. This is the age of the writer. B2B (business-to-business) sales involves long, complicated sales processes. People don’t just buy, for example, a $60,000 software suite for a corporation in an afternoon. They research different solutions online, check out reviews, and search for whitepapers. Content marketing responds to the age of Google and is one digital marketing channel that has grown in the past 10 years.There is a big demand for smart researchers and intelligent writers.Breaking into content marketing requires you to understand the basics of marketing and to have writing samples. Lost? My book, How to Find a Career with Your Humanities Degree in 126 Days, offers a complete program to help you break down a big career move like this into manageable, daily actions.News ReporterIt’s a myth that you need to take broadcasting or communications in college to get a job as a news reporter. Many humanities majors work at news stations. This industry values excellent writing abilities and a fast ability to analyze and produce quality work. You also need to be able to spot grammar slips and be able to write concisely. Research skills, of course, are needed as well.If you want to break into this industry you need to, at least, understand what content is news worthy and know the principles of journalism. Buy a few books. Most people break in as an intern. However, if you can demonstrate that you have the skills needed, then somebody will give you a chance.Technical WriterMany English majors become technical writers. Technical writing involves writing user manuals for consumer products, instruction manuals, and other technical, complex documents that products need. It is quite high-paying, although can involve a lot of contract work.Thomas Pynchon, the author of the famous novel Gravity’s Rainbow, worked as a technical writer, creating user manuals for a space rocket company.This industry is relatively hard to break into as most jobs advertised ask for a few years of experience (I guess nobody wants a rocket-ship manual written by an amateur).However, Rober Nagle, a humanities M.A. turned technical writer, offers some advice for getting around the ‘must have 5 years experience in technical writing’ dilemma. If this field interests you, head over to Robert Nagle’s very cool blog called IdiotProgrammer.com.JournalismIt’s also a myth that all journalists went to journalism school. Roy Peter Clark, for example, a very famous journalist, did a PhD in Medieval Culture before taking this industry by storm.However, before getting a job you need to understand the principles of journalism. And being a smart writer with interesting ideas for articles helps. Be sure to get some writing samples together.Public RelationsMany English majors end up in public relations. In the past decade, public relations has seen quite a bit of growth (compared to traditional advertising agencies) and even though the decline of traditional media has complicated things, private companies and governments will always need writers to help get their messages out to the public.What will you do in a PR firm? Junior staff will be given tasks such as writing news releases, pitch letters, crafting newsletters, finding content to send out on social media accounts, and writing web copy or brochures. As you move up the ranks, you will learn more about the strategic side of things. PR strategies are generally aimed at helping companies get PR coverage and using the media to shape the public’s perception of a company.Governments also hire PR writers to work in-house. Often called Press Secretaries, your job would be to keep the public informed about the activity of different governmental agencies, explain policy, and work on political campaigns.Do you need a degree in public relations to get a job in the industry? No. Many PR professionals come from various backgrounds. However, you should be a strong writer with a keen sense of detail (no typos! And front-page news is no place to mix up the details about your client’s company!) That said, practical experience in the industry helps and so internships and contract positions are a common way to break into PR.As one English major turned PR pro describes writing a news release: “I need to do what I did for every essay I wrote for an English class, [such as] figure out the main point, extract the important information and compile it into a coherent document,” she says.Also, don’t overlook temp agencies and temporary positions as you try to break into PR. “Temporary positions,” says an English major-turned Communications Coordinator, “can help students and recent graduates gain additional experience and try out positions in a variety of fields. The experience can help them obtain a full-time job.”And remember that PR is a very, very big field. Most colleges and universities, government agencies, medical institutions, and professional organizations have their own internal PR departments. There are a ton of jobs and opportunities for people who take the time to develop this skill-set.Other careers related: Public Relations Specialist; Public Relations Assistant.Corporate BloggerBig companies like IBM, Microsoft, Yahoo! and Dell often require corporate bloggers. In the past ten years, the need for content has exploded with the internet, making the demand for writers increase. These corporate blogs are used as ‘branding’ tools, offering free and helpful content to their customers.Even smaller corporations (for example, Mint: Money, Bill Pay, Credit Score & Investing) have company blogs and require a vast amount of content each day. Many English majors, of course, end up writing these corporate blogs.A corporate blogger plans content schedules, comes up with new ideas for articles and whitepapers, runs social media accounts, monitors traffic and feedback, and of course writes a lot of blog posts.To break into this job, you would benefit from having some experience writing for an audience (for example, a newspaper or magazine) and must be proficient in the basic blogging platforms and online writing techniques.However, there are junior positions out there (as writing a blog can be tedious and extra help is needed).An excellent way to break into the industry would be to email a fairly well-known blog and to volunteer your services as an editor or proofreader. Even massive blogs are often run by a handful of people and so it is relatively easy to get in touch with those in charge. Working for free for a few months will get you some experience and if the blog is fairly well-known it will be a nice resume item. They will most likely let you write a post as well–and then you have a published writing sample.While strong writing skills are required, don’t forget to learn about the basic principles of online writing. These can be learned quite quickly.Here is a short guide to online writing principles and blogging that I wrote. It covers essential tools online writers need to know, how to build an audience, and major mistakes to avoid when making the switch from traditional print writing to digital content.Nonacademic Research JobsMarketing ResearcherA former PhD in History that I interviewed on my blog left academia to become a market researcher. This industry is high-paying and involves detailed research as well as the ability to spot larger trends and come up with creative solutions to marketing problems.Typically, you’ll need to know statistics. History majors do well in marketing research as they are able to analyze data.So what do market researchers actually do? Market researchers run or develop studies to gauge how consumers think and act. Often psychology or social science PhDs can get jobs outside of academia as market researchers as they have been trained in statistics and research methodologies. As mentioned, history PhD’s can also find work as market researchers.Job growth is robust for those in this industry with advanced degrees, including PhDs. The average wage for a market researcher is $61,580 (as reported by national labor surveys in 2009.)You can read my interview with this History PhD turned market researcher here.Other careers similar to marketing researcher, which require similar skill-sets are: Market Research Analyst.Policy AnalystPhilosophy PhD’s and history majors often end up as policy analysts for governments. This job involves gathering and analyzing information to help plan, develop, and interpret new policies–both in the government and industry.Most policy analysts have advanced education and may hold a masters and doctorate degree. The typical degrees are in the social sciences, political sciences, history, economics, resource management and law.Here’s some advice about becoming a policy analyst:“Gain experience by working in the private or government sector where you will be constantly exposed to policy making. Working for a congressional or a senatorial official will also be an advantage as well as working for nonprofit organizations such as charitable institutions and other philanthropic organizations where company policies are very essential.”High Paying Jobs for English MajorsSalesForget about the image of the out-going sleazy sales person. Modern selling is about nuance and understatement. Even quiet people can become excellent sales people as they disarm buyers.After grad school I began dabbling into the industry. It really is a cool industry filled with bright, talented, interesting people. Plus, you can make a ton of money.Sales involves a continual analysis of psychology and it is a vast, complex subject. Listen to this podcast (the Advanced Selling Podcast)–to get a taste.Best of all, most innovative sales companies hire on attitude. You don’t need 10 years of experience for a smart manager to see some potential in you. Selling is a special art and from what I’ve read, most of the really successful sales gurus come from very diverse backgrounds.Sales requires excellent communication skills, analysis, sensitivity, and empathy–all skills that most bright English Majors have developed.Search Engine OptimizationSearch engine optimization is the technical process of helping search engines properly analyze and ‘rank’ web pages. It is a relatively new industry. And humanities majors can do very well in SEO as they have the ability to perform excellent research and to see larger patterns in data. SEO also requires content production and humanities majors can put their writing skills to work.SEO is also fast-changing and so there are no colleges that really offer a degree in it. Good news for you! Motivated, smart self-learners thrive in this space.LobbyistIn Milton’s Paradise Lost, Satan tempts Eve with a distinct set of classical rhetorical devices. Clearly, Satan is trained as a humanities major and also would make an excellent lobbyist.I have no idea what exactly lobbyists do or how to break into this industry. However, this job requires you to be articulate, intelligent, and cunning. If you are smart enough to become a lobbyist, you are smart enough to find a way to break into this industry.Money and power? An English major turned lobbyist is definitely a career endorsed by Sell Out Your Soul - A Career Guide for Lost Humanities Majors.Investor RelationsI never knew about this job until I did some work for a company that made software for the financial industry. In basic terms, large companies (such as Pepsi) have to keep up the public’s interest in their stock. For example, when the new hot startup has an IPO it will generate a lot of interest and people run to buy the stock. But after the buzz has died down, companies need to keep the market interested in buying and trading their stock.So what would you do? Basically, it’s a marketing job with a finance twist. You’d be managing the corporate message and story you are telling to press and investors. This involves talking to analysts, meeting with media and investors, and establishing policies for disclosure. You would also create presentations, write earnings releases and annual reports.Part of your job would also be informing the board of directors with intelligence about the company’s shareholder base. You would also present reports on how analysts and investors perceive the company’s strategy (for example, an old candy company might be perceived as out-of-touch with today’s teen so it’s time to launch a contest Mr. Wonka and drive up new interest in the company stock!).How to break into this job? This job is high paying and you’d likely earn a very comfortable wage as you progressed into senior roles. But you’ll need a strong analytical ability to do this job. Employers will also want some financial knowledge. In my experience, though, it’s a myth that all English Majors are bad at math (I’ve met some technical ones), so if that’s you begin with a Google Search: How to get into Investor Relations.You can also find these people really easy as investor relations departments list their emails on company websites. So, you might email an investor relations professional, explain your situation and background, and ask for some tips to break into the industry.Inside SalesLarge corporations often have complicated sales cycles. This means that selling isn’t as easy as ‘pitching a new client’ and involve complicated processes and structures. There are sales people who travel and give presentations to potential new clients. And then there are inside sales people. These sales people prepare quotes, find supporting documentation, and execute sales campaigns.Strong communication skills, social intelligence, and knowledge of ‘job-specific’ office software (like Excel) is needed. Break into this industry through a temp agency. Some people begin in an administrative position and then move up in the company.Stock BrokerI don’t know exactly how you might get a job on Wall Street. But I do know that humanities majors have become stockbrokers. As one PhD in English who now works on Wall Street put it, “making the switch from analyzing literature to analyzing stock was easy. They both involve analyzing fiction.”eCommerce AnalystOnline marketing requires analysis. Over the past decade, tracking technology has really evolved and most complex marketing campaigns will test, track, and measure just about every dollar they spend online. Humanities majors can find work as eCommerce analysts.In this job, you will be tasked with figuring out why certain campaigns are working, why people aren’t buying from a client’s website, and how to help online marketing budgets bring back more profit. Flint McGlaughlin has a PhD in philosophy and is a world-known eCommerce analyst.This job requires intimate knowledge analytic and tracking software. You will also need to understand the principles of online conversion (which can be learned by reading the millions of blogs dedicated to the topic).This is a fast-paced industry and many analysts come from various educational backgrounds. Hard-core analysts will need mathematical ability and knowledge of statistics. But if the thought of digging into a spreadsheet excites you, maybe this job is for you.Pick up a web analytics guide from O’Reilly, a publishing company respected in the space.Marketing Jobs for English MajorsSocial Media ManagerSocial media is here to stay. Governments, sports teams, brands, and companies need people to run their social media programs, develop strategies, and come up with ways of engaging customers, citizens, and fans. As humanities majors have strong communication skills, many of us end up in these types of jobs.How to break in? First, you need to know something about social media. So read some blogs and books, play with the tools, and learn about the strategic side of social media and how it fits into marketing.Bonus! Social media is new. Better yet, many companies still hire interns and entry-level hires to manage their social media programs. This is stupid on the side of companies, but a great opportunity for new grads to break into the communication sector via new online channels.Plus, governments and universities are typically slow moving and have little expertise in social media. So take advantage of this opportunity.Brand StrategistBrand strategists typically work in marketing agencies, helping to guide big brands forward in their markets. MBA’s are favored in this job; however, experience, talent, and strategic brilliance rule the marketing industry.How to break in? Work your way up.Brand ManagerLarge companies hire ‘brand managers,’ which are essentially creative people with communication skills. The job involves overseeing the promotion and development of different brand products. This is a fun, creative role and involves strategic thinking and marketing talent.You need to have an understanding of marketing to be a brand manager. However, many English Majors have found jobs working for big brands.Government Jobs for English MajorsCommunications OfficerGovernments require in-house writers and communication specialists to do things like write press releases, develop key messaging, and write speeches for government officials. I know one writer, a published author, who works as a Communications Officer. He has a BA in English and seems to earn a comfortable middle-class wage.Look for temporary positions in your local government as these are a great way to start moving up in the government. Great pay and government connections–what more could you want?Editing Jobs For English MajorsEditorYes, English majors can be editors. If helping to create a best-selling book appeals to you then editing might be a good choice. There is also a lot of editing work in education. Luckily, in editing, university degrees are required. Here is an interview on my blog with a former Amazon.com Music Editor. It covers all you need to know about getting that first editing job.Freelance EditorThis is an easy fit for English majors. Want to break into freelance editing? You, sir, are in luck. I have an interview about getting freelance editing jobs right here.PublishingYep. English majors can work in publishing. In fact, creativity, and attention to detail are highly desired skills in publishing and English majors find work in this industry every year.Getting your foot in the door? There are about a zillion articles online about breaking into publishing. Here’s one about how to break into publishing.Communication JobsNon-Profit Communication DepartmentsNon-profits require communication specialists and many English majors build careers working for non-profits. And yes, you will be paid. Positions vary by the size of the organization. For example, large non-profits like the American Cancer Society or World Wildlife Federation are basically giant corporations with million-dollar operating budgets. There are different roles and divisions within them.Smaller non-profits require communication help with press strategies, fundraising, donor retention, and enlisting the help of volunteers.In my book, I list non-profits as an excellent way to gain that essential first few months of work experience. This is because most non-profits are under-funded and under-staffed, making them easy places to get your first resume item.Grant and Proposal WriterGrants and proposals are an essential part of winning new business and keeping money flowing through the door for most companies and non-profits. Humanities BAs, MAs, and PhDs in English have strong research skills, an aptitude for analysis, and the stomach for digging through dense content, making grant and proposal writing an easy fit.While vast sums of money are usually at stake, most positions prefer some experience. However, graduate students in English have usually written and won grants during the course of their degree and so you should leverage this. Also, smaller non-profits will gladly let you write a grant or two for them, which can help land larger jobs.Even if you do not remain in this job for your entire career, the ability to win new business and money is always a valuable and highly employable skill.Corporate Communications Manager/DirectorAs the manager or director of corporate communications, your job would be to oversee teams that write newsletters, email campaigns, reports, press releases, articles, web content, and other communication pieces. In recent years, having a basic understanding of how search engines work is also often necessary as digital content is spread by search engines and people. Expect high salaries (above $100,000 according to Spring Associates, Inc). And to break in? You’ll need to work your way up. Start with an internship or entry-level job in a communications department. This can be a great job for an English PhD, although advanced degrees are not necessary.In-house Marketing DepartmentMost successful companies have some sort of in-house marketing department. While typically TV ads and large campaigns are sent to ad agencies, the in-house marketing department also helps to plan and execute the company’s marketing and communication strategy.These jobs are pretty cushy, I hear. You don’t have the constant deadlines found in traditional ad agencies and the work is steady. Tasks include writing press releases, coming up with ideas to get the company press coverage, writing brochures and whitepapers, planning and executing ideas to generate leads and sales, working on product launches, and other marketing-related tasks.To break in? Look for temporary positions to start. Or start in an administrative role and then apply internally. Don’t overlook temp agencies as they often will help you get your foot in the door.Creative Jobs For English MajorsAdvertising CreativeHumanities majors find jobs in advertising every year. Creative advertising involves writing 30-second commercial scripts, taglines, copy for print ads, coming up with ideas for product launches, and other creative ways to market products.And you don’t need to go to ad school to become an advertising creative. All that matters in this industry is the ability to come up with strong ideas.How to get your first job in advertising? Read some books. Develop some samples. And be ready to show an agency some cool ideas. You can read about how I broke into advertising, as well as other career advice, in my e-book, How to Find a Career With Your Humanities Degree in 126 Days.Event PlannerNot planning birthday parties for the drunken wives of the Beverly Hills, but working on high-profile events such as product launches or political campaigns. This job requires communication, social intelligence, attention to detail, and strong creative abilities. Event planning is big business and always requires smart, new talent.To break into this industry? You will have to work from the ground-up. Actually, I have no idea. But send some emails to prominent companies and find out. Industries like this typically hire more on personality than the subject you studied in school. So if it sounds like fun to you, then go for it.Television, radio, Hollywood writerIf you are an English major, then you probably deep down want to be a writer. Many English majors end up writing Hollywood scripts, working in broadcast, or working at radio stations.How to break in? Be a good writer and have great writing samples. As Stephen King says, “If you lift weights 15 minutes a day, you are going to get muscles. If you write 15 minutes a day, you are going to become a good writer.” So write.Boutique AgencyBoutique agencies are small companies that typically do world-class work for big brands. They often have a specialist product. These can be branding agencies, graphic design agencies, viral marketing agencies, or PR firms. They are creative places with bright people working there.Thunderdog, for example, is a L.A. agency that creates street-art inspired designs and products for brands like Pepsi and Puma. They also sell their own limited edition books and toys. Or, The Story of IWearYourShirt and How I Made $1,000,000 Wearing T-Shirts is a social media advertising company that uses viral tactics to gain publicity for product launches. LaunchRock is a small marketing agency that helps tech start-ups with their pre-launch hype.Boutique agencies are cool. They hire for skill–not for the degree you have. So while your English degree can help you get the job, these places are more looking for creativity, technical skill in the area they work in, and the right attitude to fit their unique culture.To get a job at a boutique agency, simply write an email and sell yourself to the boss. Make sure you research their agency, though. And make sure that you have the skills that they are looking for.My practical 18-week roadmap to finding a career with your humanities degree. You’ll learn how to market your humanities degree and avoid common mistakes.Universities do not properly educate their grads about how to land that job outside of academy with a humanities degree.That’s why I wrote my ebook How to Find a Career With Your Humanities in 126 Days. This is not a traditional career guide–it is one of the most practical, step-by-step guides to moving from ‘liberal arts career limbo’ into a weekly course of action.Over the course of 18 weeks (126 Days), the ebook takes you through the necessary lessons, shows you what to avoid, and teaches you how to turn your humanities degree into a profitable skill-set.You’ll learn:How to market your humanities degree outside of academiaCover letter advice for grads with no work experienceWeekly actions to accelerate your career searchResume advice, and cover letter templates.