Oct 7 - United States Naval Academy: Fill & Download for Free

Lets look at his service record.US Naval Academy graduation: 60th in his class with a Bachelor of Science, Class of 1946–1947.[1]05 JUN 1946 - 8 AUG 1946—Commissioned Ensign, USN. Routine post-USNA graduation assignments- indoctrinational training with service type aircraft - leave and transit to first duty station.8 AUG 1946 - 23 JUL 1947—Duty aboard USS Wyoming (E-AG17). Billets Held: Deck Division Officer, Radar Officer, CIC Officer Qualifications: OOD in Port, JOOD underway. Remarks: Detached from Wyoming at ship’s decommissioning.23 JUL 1947 - 14 JUN 1948—Duty aboard USS Mississippi (E-AG128). Billets Held: Training and Education Officer Qualifications: OOD underway and in port, CIC watch Officer Remarks: During this tour of duty, Carter was a candidate for a Rhodes Scholarship.14 JUN 1948 - 17 DEC 1948—Duty under instruction at the Officer’s course, USN Submarine School, Submarine Base, New London17? DEC 1948 - 01 FEB 1951—Duty aboard USS Pomfret (SS-391) Billets Held: Communications Officer, Electronics Officer, Sonar Officer, Gunnery Officer, First Lieutenant, Electrical Officer, Supply Officer Qualifications: 4 Feb 1950 Qualified in Submarine05 JUNE 1949—Promoted to Lieutenant (j.g.)01 FEB 1951 - 10 NOV 1951—Duty with Shipbuilding and Naval Inspector of Ordnance, Groton, CT as prospective Engineering Officer of the USS K-1 during precommissioning fitting out of the submarine.10 NOV 1951 - 16 OCT 1952—Duty aboard USS K-1(SSK-1) Billets Held: Executive Officer, Engineering Officer, Operations Officer, Gunnery Officer, Electronics Repair Officer Qualifications: Qualified for Command of Submarine Remarks: Submarine was new construction, first vessel of its class01 JUNE 1952—Promoted to Lieutenant16 OCT 1952 - 08 OCT 1953—Duty with US Atomic Energy Commission (Division of Reactor Development, Schenectady Operations Office) From 3 NOV 1952 to 1 MAR 1953 he served on temporary duty with Naval Reactors Branch, US Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C. “assisting in the design and development of nuclear propulsion plants for naval vessels.” From 1 MAR 1953 to 8 OCT 1953 he was under instruction to become an engineering officer for a nuclear power plant. He also assisted in setting up on-the-job training for the enlisted men being instructed in nuclear propulsion for the USS Seawolf (SSN575).9 OCT 1953—Honorably discharged at Headquarters, 3rd Naval District. Discharge was at Carter’s request. Total service: 7 years, 4 months, 8 days10 OCT 1953—Appointed to US Naval Reserve and placed on inactive duty.7 DEC 1961—Transferred to retired reserve with rank of Lieutenant at his own request, but without pay and allowances in accordance with Title X, U.S.C. section 1376 (a).[2]So based upon this, there is no doubt that President Carter was granted a Bachelor of Science degree, nor is there any doubt that he was assigned to the US Atomic Energy Commission involved in reactor development. Nor is there any doubt that he was under instruction “to become an engineering officer for a nuclear power plant”.Now does that mean that he has a degree in nuclear engineering? It does not appear so as his USNA graduation record only says Bachelor of Science.Was he training to be an engineering officer for a nuclear power plant? yup.Is just shy of one year (the time he was assigned to the US Atomic Energy Commission) sufficient time to be a fully trained nuclear engineer? Probably not.So, is the claim that President Carter is a nuclear trained engineer, true or false? Well, like many things in this world, it is entirely dependent upon the definition of “Nuclear Trained Engineer” is.If you mean does he have an academic degree in nuclear engineering, then no, President Carter was not a trained nuclear engineer.If, however, your definition is received training outside the academic arena akin to on the job training? Then yes it appears, from the links above, that President Carter is a trained nuclear engineer.Finally, in the latter case, does that training equate what a current/modern nuclear engineer receives today? Absolutely not as the standards have changed over the decades.Footnotes[1] Annual register of the United States Naval Academy. Annapolis, Md : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[2] Jimmy Carter’s Naval Service

The Indian Army as we see today has its origins in the British East India Company. [1]Indian Army has its origin as armed guards of the East India Company, which was a company of merchants from Britain. These guards were required for the protection of the company‘s factories and warehouses. Initially, in these forces all were Englishmen, but gradually Indians too were enrolled. To begin with, the company carried out trade from Madras, Bombay, Surat and Calcutta. As the company expanded with conquests, more and more Indians soldiers were enlisted. Gradually steps were taken to develop various units or group from Madras , Bombay and Bengal to form an unified Army.By 1914, at the time of the outbreak of the World War I, the strength of Indian army had reached approximately 1, 50,000. By the time the World War II had started in 1939, the strength of the army had risen to 1 mn 89, 000.In 1947, with the partition of the country, two –thirds of the strength remained with India and one third went to Pakistan. On the eve of our Independence the strength of the undivided army was nearly 25,00,000.India was left with 20+ Institutes for Defence Training and Institution.Let’s see their locations.[2]Institution Location StateArmy Education Corps College & Training Centre Pachmarhi M.P.Army Supply Corps College & Training centre Bengaluru KarnatakaArmy Air Defence College Gopalpur OdishaAir Force Academy Dundigal (Secunderbad) TelanganaAir Force Administrative College Coimbatore Tamil NaduAir Force Technical College Bengaluru KarnatakaArmed Forces Medical College Pune MaharashtraArmy War College Mhow (Indore) M.P.College of Air Warfare Secunderabad TelanganaCollege of Military Engineering Pune MaharashtraDefence Institute of Advanced Technology Pune MaharashtraDefence Services Staff College Wellington Tamil NaduIndian Military Academy Dehradun UttarakhandIndian Naval Academy Kannur KeralaInfantry School Mhow (Indore) M.P.Military College of Telecommunication Engineering Mhow (Indore) M.P.Military Intelligence Training School Pune MaharashtraNational Defence Academy Pune MaharashtraNational Defence College New DelhiNaval College of Engineering Lonavala MaharshtraNaval Institute of Aeronautical Technology Kochi KeralaOfficers Training Academy Chennai Tamil NaduOfficers Training Academy Gaya BiharThese are not the locations that these Institutions were established in. Nor are they what they were established earlier. Most of them have moved to the current locations from different locations and have transformed their functioning. The reasons have often been administrative in nature due to reorganisation and expansion of the Command and Control structure of the three services.E.g. The Army School of Education was established in the year 1920 at two places with its Indian Wing at Belgaum and the British Wing at Wellington (Nilgiris). In 1924, the British Wing moved to Belgaum. In 1939, Army School of Education was rechristened as ―Army Educational Corps Training College and Centre‖, Pachmarhi on 24 Apr 1921. Another historical development took place in Oct 1939 when the Army School of Education, India moved from Belgaum to Pachmarhi to cope up with the war time education, and released education schemes during and after World War-II. With India‘s independence in 1947, the Army School of Education, India, was redesignated as Army School of Education, Pachmarhi. Army Educational Corps Records office was established in the same year as part of the school. The school was again re-designated as AEC Centre and School, at Pachmarhi in 1949.Initial Training Wing (ITW) located at Coimbatore which is, one of the oldest training institutions for officers in the IAF, being older than Independent India. It was started in 1943 as an initial training wing at Pune to impart general service training to Cadets of the flying branch. This institution moved to Coimbatore on 11 July 1946. It imparts ground training to the ―Flight Cadets of the General Duties‖ (Pilots) branch. These cadets then shift to Jodhpur and Ambala for further flying training. 46 In September 1949, two stage training was withdrawn and all - through training was introduced in Jodhpur. At Coimbatore, Pre-Commissioning training for ―Flight Cadets of the Ground Duty‖ branches in administration, accountant, equipment, education and meteorology was commenced and the institution was renamed as ―No 3 Air Force Academy‖. With expansion of Air Force, the training plan was again modified in 1957 and No 3 Air Force College was named as "Air Force Administrative College".The College of Air Warfare (CAW) established on 01 July 1959, but initially established as School of Land and Air Warfare (SLAW), at New Delhi, and later after receiving its approval from the President of India renamed as CAW. The SLAW moved to its present location, Secunderabad, on 25 July 1959.Naval Institute of Aeronautical Technology (NIAT) is a premier technical training institute of Indian Navy, Kochi. The institute was established in 1957 as Naval Air Technical School (NATS), on the recommendations of the advisory committee headed by Dr Abdul Kalam, the institute was upgraded to a Category ‗A‘ School in 1987 which brought the institute to near-autonomous status. The school, keeping pace with the requirements of time, made considerable progress in the next few decades and, in 1997, the school was aptly converted into a full-fledged institute and renamed as Naval Institute of Aeronautical TechnologyNow for the reasoning for your observation. If you notice most of the Air Force Institutions are in Telangana and Naval Institutions near coastal areas while most of the Army Institutions are in M.P. or Maharashtra. Reasons are as under:Historic locations created by the British.Expansion of the Force leading to relocation.Availability of Land to establish the Infrastructure.Suitability of terrain for training such as Training Ranges, Air Space, Sea Shore/Harbour/Water bodies etc.Suitability of Climate and Weather for training.Ease of Administrative Command and Control.Footnotes[1] https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/5439/8/08_chapter%203.pdf[2] https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/5439/8/08_chapter%203.pdf

We owe so much to the Indian Army. They are the reason we sleep peacefully at night, a perfect example of bravery. But there’s still so much we don’t know about our men of steel. Take a look and educate yourself :-1) The Indian Army was formed in 1776, under the government of the East India Company in Kolkata.2) The Indian Army has about 62 cantonments and 299 army bases, spread across India.3) India covertly tested its nuclear arsenal in the early 1970s and late 1990s without the CIA even knowing what was happening.Till date, it is considered to be one of the CIA’s biggest failures in espionage and detection.4) Unlike other government organisations and institutions in India, there are no provisions for reservations based on caste or religion.Soldiers are recruited based on their overall merit and fitness based on stringent tests and trials. And once a citizen of India joins the forces, he/she becomes a soldier. Nothing else. Nothing more.Regiments are not caste based,they are terrain based.5) Operation Rahat (2013) was one of the biggest civilian rescue operations ever carried out in the world.It was carried out by the Indian Air Force to evacuate civilians affected by the floods in Uttarakhand in 2013. It was the biggest civilian rescue operations in the world carried out by any Air Force using helicopters. During the first phase of the operation from 17 June 2013, the IAF airlifted a total of about 20,000 people; flying a total of 2,140 sorties and dropping a total of 3,82,400 kg of relief material and equipment.6) The Indian Army built the highest bridge in the world.The Bailey Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982.7) The Military Engineering Services (MES) is one of the biggest construction agencies in India.The MES and Border Roads Organisation (BRO) are together responsible for the construction and maintenance of some of the most awesome roads and bridges ever to have been built. To name a few, the Khardungla Pass (the highest motorable road in the world), the Magnetic Hill in Leh, etc.8) The Indo Pakistan War of 1971 came to end with the surrender of about 93,000 combatants and officials of the Pakistani Army.This is the largest number of POWs taken into custody since World War II. The war resulted in the creation of the independent state of Bangladesh.9) India controls the highest battlefield in the world, the Siachen glacier, at 5000 metres above Mean Sea Level (MSL).10) India has the biggest “voluntary” army in the world.All serving and reserve personnel have actually “opted” for service. There is a provision for conscription (forced recruitment) in the constitution, but it has never been used.11) Indian soldiers are considered among the very best in high altitude and mountain warfare.The Indian army’s High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) is one of the most elite military training centers in the world and is frequented by Special Ops teams from the U.S, U.K & Russia. U.S Special Forces trained at HAWS before their deployment during the invasion of Afghanistan.12) In the Battle of Longewala, on which the famous Bollywood movie “Border” is based, there were only two casualties on the Indian side.The Battle of Longewala was fought in December 1971 between India and Pakistan, in which just 120 Indian Soldiers with 1 jeep mounted M40 recoilless rifle held the fort against 2000 Pakistani soldiers backed by 45 tanks and 1 mobile infantry brigade. Despite being heavily out-numbered, the Indian soldiers held their ground throughout the night and with the help of the Air Force, were able to completely rout the aggressors.13) The Ezhimala Naval Academy in Kerala is the largest of its kind in Asia.14) Indian Army won 2 wars against China that you probably don’t know : The Nathu La Conflict in Sept, 1967 and The Cho La Conflict in Oct, 1967.15) The Indian Air Force has an out-station base in Tajikistan and is seeking another in Afghanistan.16) The Indian army has a horsed cavalry regiment. It is among one of the last 3 such regiments in the world.17) The Indian Army is one of the biggest troop contributors to the United Nations peace making operations.18) The President’s bodyguard is the oldest armoured regiment of the Indian Army. It was established in 1773, and is currently based in the Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi.19) Another brilliant example of bravery by the Indian army was during the Battle of Saragarhi on 12th September 1897. In this battle, 21 Sikhs fought against 10,000 Afghans.All 21 Sikhs died in this battle, and there were 400–600 casualties on the Afghan side. This battle is often cited as one of the greatest last stands in history, often compared to the Battle of Thermopylae, where King Leonidas fought Persian army of Xerxes in 480 BC with an army of 300 Spartan soldiers.20) Talking about the regimental structure, each defense establishment has a place of worship for different religions based on the religious distribution of the army. When there isn’t enough place for all religions, a sarv dharm sthal is created, which serves as a place of worship for all religions.A highly educated Religious Teacher of the rank of a Junior Commissioned Officer(JCO/Warrant Officer) acts counselor to soldiers and officers to help them during moral and psychological crisis.21) The Ministry of Defense operates five Rashtriya Military Schools and a Rashtriya Indian Military College as feeder institutions to defense forces, where students undergo a similar curriculum designed according to their age group as they would in services.The students here are generally called cadets and have an option to join Indian Defense service at the end of their schooling.22) India is the largest importer of arms, Yet India never invaded nor attacked any country.The Indian army has never initiated a first attack or engaged in a military coup with the intention of gaining power or governing a nation.23) Param Vir Chakra, the highest wartime gallantry award has been awarded only 21 times till date, and 2/3rds of these were awarded posthumously.24) In terms of numbers, the Indian Army is third largest army in the world.It also has the credit of being the largest volunteer force. It has been the largest contributor to the United Nations Peace Keeping Force (UNPKF), and has taken part in huge number of missions abroad.25) India gate was built in memory of the 82,000 soldiers who were martyred in World War 1.26) During World War 2 India produced the largest volunteer army in world history. Nearly 25 lakh Indian Soldiers participated in World War 2.27) India provides safety for more than 3 lakh refugees from Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Afghanistan & Bangladesh.Take a bow, INDIAN ARMY(Image & news source :- Google )JAI HIND 🇮🇳