Department Of Communications Broadcasting Sequence: Fill & Download for Free

At the risk of duplicating myself, I will mention my late aunt's career as a Defense Communications Specialist. (I think this has come up under a different subject, Cold War, maybe.)Tootie worked for the Department of Defense at their supply base (Army Depot-Memphis) for 30 years. She worked all shifts and most holidays (because she was widowed and childless,) and she often worked completely alone in a corner office of a vast warehouse full of Government Issued stuff. Weapons, tank parts, meals ready to eat, uniforms--an assortment of everything needed to get and keep an army moving, because our government was expecting war with the Soviet Union, at any minute, 24/7, 365, for four straight decades.Tootie held the DoD's top security clearance, because of the type of information she might learn in the event of a nuclear attack, about US weapons and counterattack responses. She spent every shift, sometimes two or three in a row, because of bad weather or sick co-workers, always prepared to deal with the unimaginable. And her job consisted of one task, since there was never an attack. Every hour at a specified minute, my aunt responded and forwarded in sequence an incoming and outgoing encoded "All Clear" signal on the government's telex system. She received and acknowledged an "all clear" from a depot or other military installation to the west and sent an "all clear" to the next facility on the list to her east. It had to be done precisely on time and meticulously clearly to avoid a potential disaster of misunderstanding.This telex system was set up like a series of Christmas lights. If one bulb blew, the rest of the strand was cut off. A phone call wouldn't do, because of the encryption protocol. Her incoming "all clear" had to come from a particular individual, identified specifically in code. When there were mechanical problems in the system, engineers worked feverishly to restore it, while a roomful of anxious generals stood by.Meanwhile, the rest of America lived regular lives, albeit punctuated by weekly air raid sirens at the appointed time, occasional radio and television tests of the "Emergency Broadcast System," yellow and black air raid shelter signs on public buildings and some "duck and cover" drills in school. But most people were oblivious to the folks like my aunt, who sat alone in an office, with a book, a notepad and government-owned ball point pens to entertain themselves, while waiting to acknowledge that another 59 minutes of peace had passed.

With the expansion and intense competition between the players in the media industry, along with the promise of investigative journalism, there has been considerable scope for journalism in India. As there are new media houses opening new channels or newspapers, India has improved employment scope these days. Among the many journalism colleges in India, there are only a few that have adequate curriculum in the field of journalism. With the advent of the new age journalism, selecting the best institute or college for a successful career in journalism is important. Here we give you the list of top 10 colleges in India for Journalism and mass communication.1) Mudra Institute of Communications, Ahmedabad About MICA MICA is the only residential institute in the country dedicated to creating Leadership in Strategic Marketing and Communication. MICA is an autonomous, non-profit institution, offering a wide-range of academic programmes. MICA has three residential programs - the Post Graduate Programme (PGP), the Crafting Creative Communications (CCC) and the Fellow Programme in Management-Communications (FPM-C).2) Asian College of Journalism, Chennai About Asian College of Journalism The Asian College of Journalism is a postgraduate college designed to provide students with world-class journalism education adapted to the specific needs of India and other developing countries in Asia. Members of the previous ACJ classes have proved to be in high demand and are already at work in all areas of journalism.3) Indian Institute of Journalism and New Media, Bangalore About IIJNM The institute offers a broad range of practical skills andconcepts involving the gathering, editing and presentation of information, and prepare them for a career in journalism. There is strong emphasis on the "craft" of journalism, the curriculum is designed to help students draw on and supplement basic education.4) Symbiosis Institute of Mass Communication, Pune About SIMC SIMC are the premier pure-play Media & Communication School nurturing and developing future leaders in the a. creative content generation (MMC) and b. managing creative businesses- MBA(CM). They offer 2 full-time post graduate degree programmes in the areas of Mass communication (production of creative content), Brand communication and Media management (management of creative businesses).5) Indian Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi About IIMC IIMC provides world class teaching, training and research, thus preparing students to take on the challenges of a highly competitive world. The IIMC Society, an autonomous body funded by the Government of India through the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India.6) Xavier Institute of Communication, Mumbai About Xavier Institute of Communications The Xavier Institute of Communications (XIC) is a professional media centre which offers a variety of services in training and production. XIC ranks among the biggest non-government media centres in Asia.7) AJ Kidwai Mass Communication Research, Jamia, New Delhi About AJK MCRC AJK MCRC is globally recognised as a premium institution in the field of mass communication. The MCRC provides the highest standard of media education and training with a professionally and academically accomplished faculty and a broad spectrum of visiting professionals.8) Manorama School of Communication, Kottayam About MASCOM The mission of MASCOM is to train aspiring journalists so they become fully integrated members of the media industry. To provide students with hands-on experience in the functioning of large and small media organisations and to create an awareness of critical management issues in the newspaper industry9) Film and Television Institute of India, Pune About FTII The objectives for which the Institute is established are: to develop suitable patterns of teaching in all branches of film and television, both at under-graduate and post-graduate levels, so as to establish high standards of films and television education in India. To constantly endeavour at raising the technical standards of Indian films and television programmes so as to make them aesthetically more satisfying and acceptable.10) Times School of Journalism, New Delhi About Times School of Journalism The Times Group is India's largest media house with a dominant presence across all media platforms and a footprint spanning the whole of Indian sub-continent. The flagship daily of the group - The Times of India - is today the largest English newspaper in the world with its sister publication - The Economic Times being world's second-largest English business daily.Talking about universities in abroad.One of the top schools for journalism in the U.S. is the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, an Ivy League school and home to the Pulitzer Prize. Both Columbia University and the University of California in Berkeley offer specialized graduate programs in journalism; students at Washington and Lee University can earn an undergraduate degree in one of several journalistic tracks. All of these schools are highly ranked by U.S. News & World Report.1. Columbia University in New York City, NYSchool Highlight: Columbia's Graduate School of Journalism administers the Pulitzer Prize.Columbia University is an Ivy League school that ranked tied for fourth among national universities by U.S. News & World Report for 2015. The university's Graduate School of Journalism, which administers the internationally known Pulitzer Prize and Alfred I. du Pont-Columbia Awards, offers programs leading to a Master of Science (M.S.), Master of Arts (M.A.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Communications. The school also offers study abroad options, as well as dual-degree programs that combine journalism with international and public affairs, law, business, religion or computer science. Students can also pursue international journalism programs in Paris, France, and Johannesburg, South Africa, among other areas.2. University of California - BerkeleySchool Highlight: Cal is home to the Berkeley Advanced Media Institute.The University of California in Berkeley was the highest-ranking public institution on U.S. News & World Report's list of national universities for 2015. Berkeley's Graduate School of Journalism offers a unique Master of Journalism program, through which students can pursue integrative training in a number of disciplines, including photojournalism, print journalism and other forms of media. The school offers programs in 10 areas of journalism, including photojournalism, environmental and science journalism or investigative journalism. Students can also pursue programs in televised journalism, investigative reporting and international journalism.3. Washington and Lee University in Lexington, VASchool Highlight: The journalism ethics program offers a 2-day institute for journalism students.Washington and Lee University (W&L) is a highly competitive private school that ranked 14th among liberal arts colleges by U.S. News & World Report in 2015. The university's Department of Journalism and Mass Communications offers an undergraduate major with sequences in journalism, business journalism and mass communications; signature programs include business journalism and journalism ethics. Students enrolled in the journalism sequence study broadcast- and paper-based media, as well as collaborate on electronic, print and Internet media projects.

The many achievements of ISRO have always made Indians proud.While most of them are well-documented, there are some which most Indians don't know of.Source:Glassdoor1. ISRO's maiden lunar mission, Chandrayaan discovered water on the moon.Back in 2009, NASA confirmed that it was India'sMoon Impact Probe (MIP) on board country's unmanned lunar craft which detected evidence of water on the moon.Source:Reacho2. India has its own space observatory, thanks to ISRO.AstroSat, India's first dedicated space observatory may be 10 times smaller than Hubble Telescope but is the first space telescope launched by a developing country.Source:BankExamsToday3.ISRO’s first satellite was a nanosatellite weighing just 40kg.Although India isn't well-known for manufacturing nanosatellites, ISRO Chairman Nair, once revealed first satellite many years ago was a nano one, weighing just 40 kg.Source:BodexNG4. ISRO discovered three species of rare bacteria.One of most important achievements of ISRO was the discovery of three species of bacteria in the upper stratosphere at an altitude of between 20–40 km. The bacteria, highly resistant to ultra-violet radiation, are not found elsewhere on Earth.Source:ScienceDaily5. Britain once hired a rocket from ISRO.In July 2015, ISRO launched 5 British satellites. Britain not only rented premium space from ISRO but also hired a rocket for the first time.Achievements of ISROIndian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is an Indian space agency which is now 6th largest space agency in the world. ISRO also develops application specific satellites to help in weather forecasting, disaster management, Geographic Information System (GIS), Cartography, distance education among others.ISRO’s FeatsCreated Polarized Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) to make cost effective launch system. This has also increased international space collaboration by launching satellites of other nations at low costs.Chandrayan 1: It has launched Chandrayan 1 lunar probe mission in 2008.Mangalyan: ISRO has launched Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013 and created history by launching Mangalyan (mission spacecraft) into the Mars orbit in maiden attempt.ASTROSAT: It has launched first space observatory in 2015 to become fourth agency to do so after Nasa, Roscosmos and ESA.Scramjet: Supersonic Combusting Ramjet has been launched by ISRO. This system works on Air-breathing Propulsion System which uses atmospheric oxygen to burn the fuel in the rocket.RLV-TD: ISRO has launched Reusable Launch vehicle space shuttle RLV -TD to launch satellites around earth orbit and re-enter into the atmosphere.104 satellites: ISRO has created history by launching 104 satellites in one go.Crew Escape module: Isro has test-launched Crew Escape Module paving the way for manned space mission Gaganyan.Besides, NAVIC (navigation system satellites) and South Asia Satellite are other missions which are a remarkable example of international coordination in the space arena.ISRO has achieved a number of feat and success to make India one of the few pioneers in the satellite launching and space missions.Genesis of Indian Space ProgrammeThe space research activities were initiated in India during the early 1960’s, when applications using satellites were in experimental stages even in the United States. With the live transmission of Tokyo Olympic Games across the Pacific by the American Satellite ‘Syncom-3’ demonstrating the power of communication satellites, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the founding father of Indian space programme, quickly recognized the benefits of space technologies for India.As a first step, the Department of Atomic Energy formed the INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research) under the leadership of Dr. Sarabhai and Dr. Ramanathan in 1962. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was later formed on August 15, 1969. The prime objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its application to various national needs. It is one of the six largest space agencies in the world. The Department of Space (DOS) and the Space Commission were set up in 1972 and ISRO was brought under DOS on June 1, 1972.Since inception, the Indian space programme has been orchestrated well and had three distinct elements such as, satellites for communication and remote sensing, the space transportation system and application programmes. Two majot operational systems have been established – the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) for telecommunication, television broadcasting, and meteorological services and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) for monitoring and management of natural resources and Disaster Management Support.Major milestones in Indian Space ProgrammeIndian Space Programme began at Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) located at Thumba near Thiruvanathapuram. Thumba was selected for being rocket launching station because geomagnetic equator of the earth passes over Thumba. The geomagnetic equator of the earth passes over Thumba.On November 21, 1963, the first sounding rocket was launched from TERLS. The first rocket, a Nike-Apache was procured from the US. A sounding rocket is a rocket, which is intended for assessing the physical parameters of the upper atmosphere.The Satellite Telecommunication Earth Station was set up at Ahmedabad on January 1, 1967.India’s first indigenous sounding rocket, RH-75, was launched on November 20, 1967.Aryabhata - First Indian Satellite was launched on April 19, 1975. It was launched from the former Soviet Union. It provided India with the basis of learning satellite technology and designing.During 1975-76, ISRO along with NASA developed means of using space communications system for TV broadcasting. This resulted in the creation of the project Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE). It was a one-year program covering Indian villages and districts. The main purpose of SITE was to experiment usage of satellite broadcasting to educate the masses. SITE, hailed as ‘the largest sociological experiment in the world’ benefited around 200,000 people, covering 2400 villages of six states and transmitted development oriented programmes using the American Technology Satellite (ATS-6).During January 1, 1977 — January 1, 1979, Satellite Telecommunication Experiments Project (STEP), a joint project of ISRO-and Post and Telegraphs Department (P&T) using the Franco-German Symphonie satellite was taken up. Conceived as a sequel to SITE which focused on Television, STEP was for telecommunication experiments.Bhaskara-I - an experimental satellite for earth observations was launched on June 7, 1979.First Experimental launch of SLV-3 with Rohini Technology Payload on board (August 10, 1979). Satellite could not be placed in orbit. Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 (SLV-3) is the first launch vehicle of India.Second Experimental launch of SLV-3, Rohini satellite successfully placed in orbit. (July 18, 1980).Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE), an experimental geo-stationary communication satellite was successfully launched on June 19, 1981. It became the forerunner for future communication satellite system.Indian National Satellite system (INSAT)-1A was launched on April 10, 1982. This system was for the communication, broadcasting and meteorology.On April 2, 1984, the first Indo-Soviet manned space mission was launched. Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian citizen to go into space. He flew aboard in the Soviet rocket Soyuz T-11, as part of a three member Soviet-Indian crew.The first operational Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, IRS-1A was launched on March 17, 1988.On March 24, 1987, the first developmental launch of Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) that supported a larger payload than the SLV-3 and was meant to be low-cost happened.Launch of first operational Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, IRS-1A happened on March 17, 1988.Second developmental launch of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) with IRS-P2, on board took place on October 15, 1994. Satellite successfully placed in Polar Sunsynchronous Orbit. PSLV went on to become a favoured carrier for satellites of various countries due to its reliability and cost efficiency, promoting unprecedented international collaboration.The first developmental launch of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)-D1 with GSAT-1 on board took off from Sriharikota on April 18, 2001. It was developed keeping in mind the heavier and more demanding Geosynchronous communication satellites.INSAT-4CR weighing 2130 kg and launched by GSLV-F04 on September 2, 2007 is the heaviest satellite launched from India.PSLV-C11 successfully launches CHANDRAYAAN-1 from Sriharikota on October 22, 2008. Chandrayaan-1 is a scientific investigation – by spacecraft – of the Moon. The name Chandrayaan means “Chandra- Moon, Yaan-vehicle”, –in Indian languages (Sanskrit and Hindi) , – the lunar spacecraft. Chandrayaan-1 is the first Indian planetary science and exploration mission. Chandrayaan-1 was operational for 312 days till August 28, 2009.November 5, 2013 - PSLV - C25 successfully launches Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) Spacecraft from Sriharikota.On February 15, 2017, PSLV-C37, the 39th mission of the workhorse launch vehicle of ISRO, injected ISRO’s Cartosat-2 Series Satellite weighing 714 kg and two ISRO Nano-satellites namely INS-1A (8.4 kg) & INS-1B (9.7 kg) and 101 Nano-satellites, from six foreign countries into a Sun-Synchronous Orbit (SSO) at an orbit of 506 km above earth, with an inclination of 97.46°. The mass of nano-satellites varied from 1 to 10 kg. The total weight of all the 104 satellites carried on-board PSLV-C37 was 1378 kg.PSLV-C38/Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Mission was launched on June 23, 2017 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota.India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, in its 40th flight (PSLV-C38), launched the 712 kg Cartosat-2 series satellite for earth observation and 30 co-passenger satellites together weighing about 243 kg at lift-off into a 505 km polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO).India's latest communication satellite, GSAT-17 was inducted into the INSAT/GSAT system on June 29, 2017 from Kourou, French Guiana by Ariane-5 VA-238. Weighing 3477 kg at lift-off, GSAT-17 carries Payloads in Normal C-band, Extended C-band and S-band to provide various communication services. GSAT-17 also carries equipment for metereological data relay and satellite based search and rescue services being provided by earlier INSAT satellites.India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, in its forty second flight (PSLV-C40), successfully launched the 710 kg Cartosat-2 Series Satellite for earth observation and 30 co-passenger satellites together weighing about 613 kg at lift-off. PSLV-C40/Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Mission was launched on Friday, Jan 12, 2018.GSLV-F08 is the 12th flight of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and Sixth flight with indigenous Cryogenic Stage. GSLV -F08 / GSAT-6A Mission was launched on Thursday, March 29, 2018.India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, in its forty-third flight (PSLV-C41) in XL configuration launched IRNSS-1I Satellite. The 'XL' configuration of PSLV is used for the twentieth time. The IRNSS-1I is the eighth satellite to join the NavIC navigation satellite constellation and was launched on April 12, 2018.PSLV-C42 Successfully Launches two foreign satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), SHAR, Sriharikota on September 16, 2018. This mission was designed to launch two earth observation satellites, NovaSAR and S1-4 (together weighing nearly 889 kg).PSLV-C43 lifted off on November 29, 2018 from the First Launch Pad (FLP) of Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota and successfully launched India’s Hyper spectral Imaging Satellite (HysIS) and 30 international co-passenger satellites.India’s next generation high throughput communication satellite, GSAT-11 was successfully launched on December 05, 2018 from Kourou launch base, French Guiana by Ariane-5 VA-246. Weighing about 5854 kg, GSAT-11 is the heaviest satellite built by ISRO.Gaganyaan Programme - Cabinet has approved Indian Human Spaceflight Initiative - Gaganyaan Programme.Two unmanned & one manned flight has been planned. Estimates for Phase-I expenditure- Rs 9023 Crores. Gaganyaan Programme will establish a broader framework for collaboration between ISRO, academia, industry, national agencies and other scientific organizations.Year after year ISRO has successfully achieved many arduous targets. In fact, India’s space success can undoubtedly be attributed to the space organization. 2018 was also not different. Have a look at top five record-breaking achievements accomplished by ISRO in 2018.PSLV-C40 successfully places Cartosat-2 in the orbitOn 12th January 2018, ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle sets a landmark by successfully launching the 710 kg Cartosat-2 Series Remote Sensing Satellite along with 30 co-passenger satellites.Cartosat-2 will prove to be quite effective as the imagery sent by satellite will be useful for cartographic applications, urban and rural applications, utility management like road network monitoring, water distribution, creation of land use maps, change detection to bring out geographical and manmade features and various other Land Information System (LIS) as well as Geographical Information System (GIS) applications.Besides Cartosat-2, the PSLV also carries 30 satellites that include two satellites from India and 28 satellites from six countries including Canada, Finland, France, Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States.Tests Chandrayaan-2 mission rocket’s Cryogenic EngineOn 11th October 2018, ISRO touched another success by testing the cryogenic engine, that would launch the country’s second moon mission on 31st January 2019. The test demonstrated steady state operation of the engine, and performance of all engine subsystems was observed to be normal.The major subsystems of the engine are thrust chamber, gas generator, LOX and LH2 turbopumps, igniters, thrust & mixture ratio control systems, start-up system, control components, and pyro valves.Chandrayaan-2 is ISRO’s one of the most ambitious mission which was scheduled for launch in October 2018, but later postponed for next year.According to ISRO, this mission will use and test various new technologies and conduct new experiments. The wheeled rover will move on the lunar surface and will perform on-site chemical analysis and the data will be relayed to Earth through the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter.GSLV MkIII-D2 successfully launches GSAT-29On 14th November 2018, ISRO achieved this feat too by successfully launching the GSAT-29 communication satellite through GSLV Mk III (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle), the heaviest rocket made by ISRO.The GSLV Mk III is India’s most powerful launch vehicle built to lift satellites weighing up to 4,000 kg into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) or about 10 tons to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which is about twice the capability of GSLV Mk II, and more than thrice the capacity of ISRO’s old workhorse PSLV.Looking at global perspective, GSLV Mk III will be seen as the direct competitor of Space X’s Falcon heavy which was launched on 6th February 2018.Launches GSAT-7A satellite that will enhance communications for armed forcesTo give a boost to the defence forces’ communication capabilities, The Indian Space Organization successfully launched the country’s newest satellite GSAT-7A on 19th December 2018. The satellite was carried by the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-F11 (GSLV-F11) which is the heaviest satellite being launched by GSLV with an indigenously developed cryogenic stage.Built exclusively for the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Indian Army, GSAT-7A will add to the forces’ communication capabilities by allowing IAF to interlink its ground radar stations, airbases and airborne early warning and control (AWACS) aircraft, and reduce the reliance on on-ground control stations for drones. Other than that, the satellite will also boost the air force’s network-dependent warfare capabilities, enhancing its abilities to operate globally.Getting ready for the human spaceflight programmeISRO is all set and is preparing to create history through Human spaceflight programme. Scientists believe that it will take 40 months to launch this historic mission and to fulfill PM Modi challenge. They hope to use the country’s heaviest rocket – the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III or GSLV Mk-III for the space flight, which has the capacity to launch 10 tonnes of payload into low-Earth orbit- an altitude of 2,000km (1,200 miles) or less above the planet, and is more than enough to send a crew into space.The space agency carried out a successful “pad abort test” in July this year which saw a test vehicle carrying no humans, only a dummy, hurled skywards by a set of powerful in-built thrusters.An Ahmedabad-based laboratory has already developed a space suit for the astronauts. The biggest challenge, according to scientists, will be to train the astronauts and to develop the necessary life support system to keep them alive in space.The total expenditure is estimated to be Rs 10,000cr for this massive projectIndia packs 104 satellites in a launch, makes historyThe PSLV-C37 carried 104 satellites© ISROThe Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) made history today (15 Februray 2017) when it launched a record 104 satellites in a single rocket. This is the largest such launch anywhere in the world, the closest second being the 2014 launch of 37 satellites together by the Russian Space Agency.Bettering its own 2015 record of 23 satellites in one rocket, ISRO's workhorse Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) took off from the Sriharikota spaceport in Andhra Pradesh with three Indian and 101 foreign satellites.The PSLV-C37 carried a main satellite 'Cartosat-2' for earth observation weighing 714 kilogram and 103 smaller 'nano satellites' together weighing 664 kilograms. 96 of the nano satellites are from the US alone and the rest from Israel, Kazakhstan, The Netherlands, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates and US, ISRO sources said.Effusively, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted: "This remarkable feat by ISRO is yet another proud moment for our space scientific community and the nation."ISRO chairman Kiran Kumar said the idea was not to break records but to maximise India's capability and optimise returns from each launch. ISRO has been making news with its frugal launches and its growing prowess as a key international player in the private space market.Director of the mission B. Jayakumar said it was a challenge to accommodate all the satellites on the PSLV and ISRO had to design a “unique separation sequence” to take care of the large number.Love ISRO from small staff of NASAThanks for reading this guys. Have a great time ahead