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I’ve been on a writing bend this last week after dealing with yet another example of this painfully overused trope for the last time. So I’m just going to index my previous answers on the subject here to serve as a general guideline for writers on how to write better nations and empires, particularly with regard to building the military machine that will no doubt be the obstacle impeding your protagonists’ quest.That out of the way, here are some general rules to follow to make your Evil Empire™ suck less.Your story needs to explain specific strategic advantages unique to them.Empires don’t just happen because someone really evil sets his sights to taking over the world. It’s a combination of factors like good leadership, opportunity, and some resource that they are uniquely in a position to take advantage of to offset the balance of power severely in their favor.A good example of this in fiction is Avatar: The Last Air Bender’s Fire Nation. They used their magic (well known rules of their specific story world) to master metallurgy, which caused them to be the first nation capable of building massive modern naval fleets. This made the Fire Nation plausible as an empire, gave a sense of coolness and originality, and even allowed a culture specific to the Fire Nation of normal people who themselves are not detestable.Contrast this to how poorly basically every modern Star Wars movie depicted the First Order. Ignoring questions of which planets actually serve the First Order, the solution to add drama was to just make a bigger super weapon, make the soldiers more anonymous (save one guy), and give the whole empire a feeling of just being yet another criticism of white supremacy where the creators get to pat themselves on the back for saying something obvious — Nazis are bad. That message has been done; no one disagrees; be more original.This sort of “obvious villain is obvious” failure in writing presents itself as insanely preachy and because the villain is so uninspired and necessarily evil, we have no idea why anyone would actually willingly serve such an Evil Empire™. Since they are also so definitionally evil, writers don’t take the time to make better heroes What do I mean by that? I mean making heroes who need to train, learn, fail, are jerks, or who need to plan more than a half-baked raid led by the janitor to blow up a space station so large it has it’s self-sustaining atmosphere and echo-system. See: Is Rey from The Force Awakens a Mary Sue? Writing terrible villains is the first step of writing terrible heroes and terrible stories where only the terrible people there for the preachiness will enjoy.Making the evil weapon of the Evil Empire™ bigger and bigger and pandering to an audience is not exceptional storytelling. The First Order should not have been able to exist as it did, and shouldn’t have been so lethal to begin with. It lacked any strategic advantages that explained why it was a threat. That’s because the writers really didn’t bother to understand strategic advantage to begin with, as well as how it makes for an interesting empire that can actually win wars.For a historical perspective, most of the strategic advantages in history were not that interesting to talk about, but transformed the whole world into adapting to a new way of thinking. Three quick examples from history.The Akkadians — the Akkadians were literally the first empire, which began when city states ruled their local region, mostly around the idea of how to secure more agricultural yields and ensure their people weren’t murdered by raiding barbarians. Then one day, they realized that this new alloy of tin and copper, bronze, could be made into all sorts of things if only you had enough of the source materials. The way they solved that problem was by making an army and taking over the other city states, installing governors, and securing trade routes along major rivers. That move was so revolutionary it literally defined an epoch, the Bronze Age.The Americans — the American story is one of logistical mastery. Whether it is about planes, trains, or automobiles (ships, letter couriers, telegraphs, or the internet, too), the American’s war winning strategy has mostly been a focus on connecting people across the world with news, ideas, and things, often things that go boom. There is an account of WWII that demonstrated how the average American GI could expect to be supplied with as much as 1,322 lbs of supplies each, ranging from your standard beans, bullets, and band-aids, to dog food and glass eyes of any possible color and size that might be needed. Their German counter-parts could expect closer to 50 lbs where the Japanese could hope for around 30. This was gear built to be mass produced and shipped anywhere in the world faster than their enemies could make it and get it across their own country.The French Empire - The French revolution was truly revolutionary, as it brought together remarkable ideas that the rest of the world had to also adopt or be swept away beneath them. It first redefined what it meant to be a citizen, being a part of the nation-state, and allowing for the state to have remarkable powers to force changes in the society (for better and for worse). This included drafting millions of former peasants into military service. Thanks to the Industrial Revolution, these millions of newly pressed soldiers could be equipped with weapons that actually made them lethal as a force. Their neighbors, the feuding fiefdoms capable of mustering some tens of thousands of professional soldiers couldn’t stand much of a chance against this new creation unless they modernized too, and quickly.That’s strategic advantage.So again, know what makes your empire special in the world you’re writing. If you write well-balanced rules to the world, then the people who are able to understand those rules the best and are in a unique place to exploit them will logically have a winning advantage that will be truly menacing to overcome. Don’t be the guy who just makes a bigger Death Star, that can be also be blown up in the same movie it’s introduced by a single half-baked raid led by Mary Sue and the janitor.See: Jon Davis's answer to What are some elements people rarely consider when designing fictional nations?Your story needs to explain what benefits come to conquered subjects of the empire (other than not being murdered by the Evil Empire™).You remember the Akkadians? After that initial overthrow, the lives of the conquered actually got better over time. They access through trade all the same things the Akkadians did, maybe not the best and maybe not first, but certainly more than they could have had on their own. Bronze in bulk was completely outside of their reach before empire, as were many crops that they couldn’t make in their specific geography. After a few generations of “wow this Evil Empire™ sucks so much”, subject people have a legitimately better life than their “free” great-grandparents. The compromises they’ve had to make, such as a loss of culture, often religion, or choice may still suck, but usually, they died less and had a bit more comfort.More importantly, they could reasonable argue that their children would have it better than they had it growing up. That’s hope. So long as an empire can provide a people they have conquered with more hope for the future than their stagnant former culture, there will be peace. It might still suck, but be better than what they once had over time.As part of that, your empire can’t just be evil and repress people all everyone is a poor orphan begging the sovereign, “Please, Sir, may I have some more?” and returned that with an ax to the face. That is a hopeless situation and one where the people will rebel. Even if the rebellions fail, they will create such a strain on the empire that something will give. Despotism doesn’t pay and people instinctively know that.So your empire needs to do two things to explain why people willingly remain a part of the empire:First, they need to provide a means for trade to occur. You need to have some exchange of goods. You can have a centralized bureaucracy manage it, but this is inefficient, prone to corruption, and often fails when the bureaucracy can’t possibly know everything there is to know — leading to famine or worse. Free trade is grand because free trade allows the goods that exist in a culture to circulate without the ruler needing to go through the tedious task of okaying every single grain shipment to every single person with that pesky habit of eating, but also help distribute other goods the people want, as well. This is how you provide hope. You might not make everyone rich or even equal, but you give everyone hope.Second, you need to provide security. There needs to be someone roaming the streets providing a watchful eye to keep the people safe and obeying the law, but just as importantly, protecting them from outside forces the people of the empire are powerless to stop. If your military (police, whatever) is viewed as a force of oppression, rather than people liberating the people of that world from much greater dangers, then you take away hope.Take away enough hope and people will get dangerous. Militaries are expensive, so keeping them around only to conquer people you’ve already conquered is going to bring people to a breaking point.One noteworthy example? Hunger Games.Hunger Games featured one of the most hopeless dystopia ever created in fiction. The series brought togetherevil kleptocratic regime ruled by a disconnected hyper wealthy class of elite ruling over:many different slave states with no wealth, no sovereignty, no trade, no protection from hardship, and no opportunity for advancement — save winning a game where you literally have to watch as your children murder each-other.Yeah, people aren’t going to put up with that for long.Hunger Games was terribly preachy, as well, but showed clearly that you can’t hopelessly oppress an entire population to that extent for long.See: Jon Davis's answer to What's an example of lazy worldbuilding?It will explain why soldiers fight for the evil empire.You really have to ask yourself what that military recruiter said to a young kid in the space mall to have them join an empire where, on a good day, they commit war crimes left and right, and on a bad day, die as meaningless fodder to the protagonist. Why would many soldiers join actual evil empires?Just think about half the icky things that they make soldiers do. You wouldn’t want to do that, why would they? Figure out the motivations for what makes a soldier do what they do for the empire. Do that and you transform the evil empire’s military into something that is not just mindlessly following orders, but driven and dangerous.Let’s look at history for just a few motivations.Perhaps raiding and pillaging actually is a part of the culture, where it creates value and wealth for the people from a resource poor land. Maybe a harsh environment and unfairness inherent in nature motivates a warrior culture that does pretty terrible things for sport. Put that together and you have a war winner, if not the most friendly of empires. Looking back at a majority of Viking history shows a people okay with times where it wasn’t exactly a fair fight.Other cultures, however, join as members of an elite caste, where they were born to be soldiers, born to lead lower ranking soldier, and spend their entire childhood preparing for that role as an adult. This is true of Hindu, European fuedal aristocracies, and the Japanese samurai.Others join for rank and privilege, to elevate their status in society. In the West, this is common In the US, veteran service is highly prized (by some) and offers free college and other benefits which are deemed a pathway to the middle class. During the time of the British Empire, the ability to serve as an officer afforded a foot in the door for greater aristocratic privilege and career advancement, which is why then many officers paid for the right to serve.This plays on two levels.First, soldiers have culturally specific motivations for joining their military and this motivation will drive how they fight. Whether they are bloodthirsty savages, noble liberators, mercenaries, slave conscripts, terrorists, or a militia fighting for their homes, knowing the reason why your soldiers fight will make for a better story of why your Evil Empire™ continues to exist. How you answer the question of why your soldiers fight in the empire has radical implication on what choices soldiers could be expected to make. For more on how exactly it can radically change a military culture, I highly recommend the book The Code of the Warrior: Exploring Warrior Values Past and Present: Shannon E. French. It was written by an Ethics professor at the United States Naval Academy and one of my favorite military books for the insight on what drove different warrior cultures.The second is answering who leads the military?The motivations of officers, the people who lead the troops in the field, ranges just as much the soldiers themselves. As already mentioned, there were some countries like Imperial Britain, where officers paid for the right to lead because of career advancement after their time in service. In Rome, midlevel officers might have worked their way up, where generals were born into powerful families that simply paid to create their own military. The samurai were a caste of Japan’s military that ranged from doing the fighting themselves, to leading conscripted peasants, to being fast-tracked into the officer programs for the Imperial Navy and Army. In the west, we have military academies that recruit from the best and brightest, training them on the latest in military theory, strategy, and leadership. In some cases, the units muster together with some common cause and elect one among them to serve as their commander. That’s how Abraham Lincoln actually won his first election. The motivations of officers are just as diverse and dynamic as the troops they lead, but rarely mentioned in fiction even though it is a direct reflection of the cultures they serve.See Jon Davis's answer to How can I make better soldiers when worldbuilding a fictional story? and Jon Davis's answer to How can I write better fictional militaries when worldbuilding?Answer all of these questions, and something hollow, empty, and boring in all but “the evilest evil in the galaxy” becomes something even more powerful. It is a system that reinforces itself with every people it conquers and every generation that passes, one which changes whole peoples into the shape that the empire needs. The empire is something that people who benefit from it want to succeed, a trait that provides an energy that doesn’t need to be fought by a repressive regime. From the view of your protagonist, this means that you aren’t just fighting the empire of the military, but the whole empire itself.You might have noticed one other thing. I’ve used some pretty hardcore examples of fictional empires that did amazingly well in spite of answering none of my questions.The armies of Sauron and the Galactic Empire of Star Wars didn’t have to try very hard because they were such great symbolic representations of an evil that couldn’t be stopped. Going into this great of detail wasn’t necessary to make them the terrifying forces that they were. They did something very different. There, the empire was truly evil in worlds where good and evil were real forces and the existence of good was an overpowering horde which required the good to band together to defend against.Maybe a story you write won’t need that either. If you want to make an Evil Empire™ that challenges readers, though, you should do so by answering the question of what makes a person who has already been conquered pick up the plow and send off a portion of his earnings, rather than pick up the sword generation after generation to go it alone. The point is, you need to know the difference, because you can do something people love to hate, such as the original Star Wars Galactic Empire which helped cement the series as a classic, or simply make something that comes off as horrible and insulting to the audience, such as the new Star Wars’ fascistic First Order that fans simply endure.

This is a complicated question. You have to report the loss to the carrier within a short period of time to have it on the books as a covered loss. The carrier needs to be able to determine fault to determine what level of coverage you have for the loss. You would have to discuss your desire to pay it out of pocket with the claims organization for the carrier to see what their guidelines are in terms of supporting a client when they have chosen to not request payment for the loss. If you wish to settle away from the carrier to avoid negative loss history issues, you might want to have an attorney handle the payment of the costs and get the injured parties to sign a release of liability in perpetuity for any damages related to the incident when they accept your payment for the loss. Under your contract with your insurer, you are likely legally bound to report the loss even if you don’t file a claim. Most carriers that I’m aware of require a notice of incident within 30 days of the loss occurrence. Otherwise, they can non-renew your policy for breach of contract and it will show on your loss report for other carriers as a cancellation/non-renewal, which will lead to higher rates with another carrier. Hope that helps.

Displeasing populist politician assertions, no country is truly self sufficient as most economies are intertwined.Lets look how major forecasters such as Fitch or Standard and Poor see the economic outlook for 2020/2021.In the meantime, be wary of forecasts. Statistics is one of the most potent tools mathematics has made available to other sciences. But like any power tool, it can cause havoc in the wrong hands. We should rely on experts, but the experts in question are not economists and armchair virologists. They are bio-statisticians who understand not only the statistical methods but also the many subtleties behind the data.Anyone prone to drawing big conclusions from popular online virus data trackers should heed Robert Grant, a British medical statistician who tweeted last week: “I’ve studied this stuff at university, done data analysis for decades, written several NHS guidelines (including one for an infectious disease), and taught it to health professionals. That’s why you don’t see me making any coronavirus forecasts.”A) Global outlookStandard & Poor's Global Ratings noted in a recent statement that "the eurozone and the UK are facing recessions" and that "we now expect gross domestic product (GDP -- in the eurozone and the UK) to fall around two percent this year due to economic fallout from the coronavirus pandemic," representing a loss of 420 billion euros in real GDP in 2020 "compared with our forecast from November 2019."However, the "risks are still to the downside, as the pandemic might last longer and be more widespread than we currently envisage. For example, we estimate a lock-down of four months could lower eurozone GDP by up to 10 percent this year," S&P analysts wrote."The forecast fall in global GDP for the year as a whole is on a par with the global financial crisis but the immediate hit to activity and jobs in the first half of this year will be worse", said Brian Coulton, Fitch's chief economist.The spread of the pandemic and the actions necessary to control it mean that we now have to incorporate full-scale lockdowns across Europe and the US (and many other countries) in our baseline forecasts. This was not the assumption used in our March 2020 GEO forecast. There are many moving parts, but we now judge that lockdowns could reduce GDP across the EU and US by 7% to 8%, or 28% to 30% annualised, in 2nd Quarter of 2020. This is an unprecedented peacetime one-quarter fall in GDP and is similar to what we now estimate occurred in China in 1st quarter of 2020.As a matter of perspective, the 2008 “subprime” crisis generated a drop of 6% in GDP and necessitated two stimulus packages, totalling nearly $1 trillion during 2008 and 2009 while the European Central Bank and the Bank of England followed suit with 1,5 trillion in stimulus. This however left the countries involved with unprecedented debt levelsOn the assumption that the health crisis is broadly contained by the second half of the year there should be a decent sequential recovery in activity as lockdowns are removed, some spending is re-profiled from 1H20, inventories are rebuilt and policy stimulus takes effect. But this has to be set against the many factors amplifying the depth of the dislocation, including job losses, capex cuts, commodity price shocks and the rout in financial markets."Our baseline forecast does not see GDP reverting to its pre-virus levels until late 2021 in the US and Europe," said Coulton.The direct impacts of lockdown policies on activity are being amplified through multiple channels. Most noticeable has been the dramatic fallout in the labour market, particularly in the US and Canada, where weekly data for new unemployment benefit claims have smashed all records. Our annual unemployment forecasts for developed countries have been pushed sharply higher across the board and we expect US unemployment to peak at 10% in 2Q20 with 10 million job losses. Companies are also likely to slash capital expenditure and consumers will pare back sharply on discretionary spending. This will be exacerbated by the collapse in equity prices.Rising corporate and emerging market bond yields are tightening global financing conditions and the strengthening of the dollar and falling commodity prices will add further headwinds to emerging market growth. Our 2020 oil price forecast (Brent annual average) has been lowered again to USD 35 per barrel. Capital outflows and limited social safety nets are further pressuring economic conditions in emerging markets.Huge fiscal stimulus packages have been announced in many countries worth 10% of GDP in the US and about 5% in Germany and the UK.Russia’s economy will contract by 1% in 2020, according to the latest forecast by the widely respected Bank of Finland Institute for Economies in Transition (BOFIT), due to notably lower commodity prices and a weakened outlook for the global economy.Russia started this year with an official forecast for 1.9% growth. But the double whammy of an oil price shock following “OPEC plus” production cut deal collapsed on March 6th closely followed by an escalating coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic that has brought the global economy to a standstill will hurt the Russian economy.Former Finance Minister and Audit Chamber head Alexei Kudrin, who is a widely respected authority on Russia’s economy, warned that if oil prices fall and stay low then the slowdown will be deeper and longer.While China’s economy is slowly restarting, major European economies are in turmoil and the United States is still in the early stages of ramping up its response with unprecedented fiscal measures. China will likely struggle to find enough customers across the West, and emerging markets elsewhere are simply not large enough to compensate. Affected sectors include automobiles, as major Western companies have closed down production, and communications equipment, as supply chains have been disrupted.The World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) published on March 27 a report predicting that the crisis will cause international tourist arrivals to fall by between 20 percent and 30 percent in 2020 from last year's total of 1.5 billion tourist arrivals, leading to a loss of 300-450 billion U.S. dollars in international tourist receipts and hit the small and medium-sized companies that make up 80 percent of all businesses in the sector.The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) said in a recent report that the COVID-19 pandemic may bring a 30-40 percent drop in global foreign direct investment (FDI) flows during 2020 and 2021.To sum the forecasts we are looking at a recession across the developed world. Even China, assuming it manages to completely eradicate Covid-19, will see a serious down turn as a result of its exports’ collapse. In order to alleviate the worst, these countries will have to “print money”, increasing their debt levels and driving world wide interest rates up.B) The impact on Turkeya) the pandemic’s direct costs to the economyWhile Europe and the USA have just decided stimulus packages amounting between 6% and 10% of their GDP respectively, to face direct consequences of the pandemic, the Turkish government does not have the funds it requires to hold back the tide of the coronavirus pandemic and is asking for public donations to stem the issue, DW Türkçe reported.While Turkey is expected to take additional measures set by the government to stimulate the economy, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has sparked controversy with the aid campaign he announced on Monday, DW Türkçe said.The government, which used Treasury resources in 2019, no longer has resources, DW Türkçe said, citing economist and author Mustafa Sönmez.Sönmez said Turkey’s finances should be transparent to explain the economic package, like other countries do."Why doesn't the (ruling Justice and Development Party) do this when the whole world is willing to do it? Because the AKP ran out of gunpowder in 2018-19. Treasury resources have been depleted so that the crisis in 2018 does not get deeper," he said, adding that the only move the government can take now is to rein in the budget deficit.There is no other solution other than for the Central Bank to print money, Sönmez said.The Turkish lira hit record lows in 2018, following a diplomatic row between Ankara and Washington over the almost two year detention of an American pastor. Turkey has been facing difficulties in repaying its foreign currency-denominated debts ever since.The macroeconomic indicators, especially the budget deficit, already at drastic points before the pandemic grew enough to threaten the Turkish economy, said Altınbaş University economics professor Hayri Kozanoğlu.“It is time to meet the most basic needs of citizens by applying to all public resources and overcome them with minimal human harm, leaving aside the concerns of whether the budget deficit increases or inflation jumps," he said.Kozanoğlu believes those who manage Turkish economy have yet to realise the magnitude of the situation. Sonmez said government considers the pandemic issue a “short-term storm" to ride out.A surge in Turkey’s short-term borrowing masked a drop in the country’s net foreign currency reserves to just $1.5 billion last month, said the Financial Times.New data released on Friday raised serious concerns about Turkey’s ability to protect its economy and tackle any large declines in the value of the lira during the coronavirus outbreak, the FT said.At the end of last month, the Turkish Central Bank sharply increased its borrowing through short-term swap operations - which it uses to exchange lira with local banks in return for dollars - to $25.9 billion. In the latest TCB report, Current Account recorded a deficit of 1.8 USD bn in Jan 2020When Turkey’s net foreign assets - a sum reached by subtracting foreign currency liabilities from assets - of $27.4 billion were deducted from short term borrowing, the figure left just $1.5 billion of net foreign currency reserves.Turkey’s net foreign currency reserve level “is not sufficient to enable the central bank to make a sustained defence of the currency,” Paul Gamble, head of emerging Europe sovereign ratings at Fitch, told the FT.Turkish GDP which had dropped by 10% as an indirect result of the “Subprime Crisis”in 2009, recovered to peak at 950,5 billion USD in 2013 before declining to 772,2 in 2019.This means that a conservative stimulus package equivalent to 6% of GDP would amount to $ 46 bln USD or ₺312 bln which unfortunately aren’t available and need to borrowed.Last month, Turkey unveiled a relief package worth 100 billion Turkish liras ($15.4 billion) -- the Economic Stability Shield -- to limit the economic fallout from COVID-19.As Fitch forecasts the eurozone to shrink by 4.2% this year, Turkey's net exports will have a negative impact on GDP growth this year,"this is likely to outweigh the benefits to the Turkish economy from lower imports and any potential relocation of export capacity," Douglas Winslow from Fitch, told Anadolu Agency.b) economic after shocks linked to recessionThe recession hitting Turkey’s export customers, sources of Foreign Direct Investment and Tourism will also have an impact on earnings and foreign currency reserves.Using data for 38 countries which experienced a banking crisis, they find that financial crises had a disproportionately negative impact on sectors that rely more on external sources of finance if they are located in countries with developed financial systems. For instance, in a country experiencing a banking crisis, a sector at the 75th percentile of external dependence and located in a country at the 75th percentile of private credit to GDP would experience a 1.6 per cent greater contraction in growth in value-added between the crisis and precrisis period compared with a sector at the 25th percentile of external dependence and private credit to GDPTurkey shipped US$171.1 billion worth of goods around the globe in 2019.Turkish Statistical Institute on Jan. 31 announced that the country welcomed 44,6 million foreign visitors last year, generating an income of $34 bln in foreign currencies. The nationalities of foreign visitors, Russia took first place with 15.6 percent -- some 7 million visitors -- over the same period, followed by Germany (11.2 percent or 5 million) and Bulgaria (6 percent or 2.7 million).Foreign Direct Investment to Turkey reached 11 bln $ in 2019 having declined by 75% since 2015.Hence foreign currency inflows totalled to 216 bln USD in 2019.The most conservatives estimates will show a decline of 6% in exports, 40% in FDI and 90% in tourism which translates in a compound 24% decline in foreign currencies.In March, Turkey’s exports fell 17.8% compared to the same month last year while imports grew 3.1% on an annual basis. Foreign trade Minister Pekcan claimed that as the government they had taken all the necessary measures to support exports as she was pointing at ease of credit lines, yet the problem seems to be demand from Turkey’s main export partner, the EU.With the expected strengthening of the US dollar, credit rating lowering (borrowing becoming more expensive) and a sharp increase in unemployment it is unknown how much the Tl will depreciate. This depreciation will have far reaching effects as private borrowing and bonds will become more expensive to reimburse. Vital activities relying on imports are also liable to be hit like agricultural output relying on imported chemicals, as noticed during the last Tl depreciation.According to Atila Yesilada, Turkey’s currency closed the week at 6.73, at levels last touched during the worst of the 2018 currency crisis, as the coronavirus pandemic began weighing on manufacturing and trade. An ultra-loose monetary policy and domestic investors lacking confidence in Erdogan’s ability to manage the health crisis also add to pressures on the TL. Further weakness would boost inflation as well as dealing another blow to already much damaged corporate balance sheets. With the Central Bank of Turkey (CBRT) running out of Foreign Currency reserves, policy options are limited: Capital controls or an application to the IMF?March cash deficit of the Treasury soared to a record monthly high of TL40.5 bn, as dollar/TL traded up to 6.78 on Wednesday, despite state bank Foreign Currency sales of $400 mn over the last two business days.As a 2nd pandemic wave seems inevitable in the fall, it will also require a 2nd wave of confinement before a world wide vaccination campaign may eradicate the virus. This in turn means that the recession will most probably rage till early 2021.So personally I not only think that human and economic outlooks are bleak, the potential for social and political disruption is enormous. Expect chaos and power grabs, Viktor Orban is showing the way.I sincerely hope I’m wrong.https://www.fitchratings.com/research/fund-asset-managers/fitch-ratings-updates-2020-sector-outlooks-to-reflect-coronavirus-impact-27-03-2020European economy devastated by pandemic as COVID-19 cases well pass 500,000Turkey | DataThe Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Industry Growth