How to Edit Your South Dakota Tier Ii Reporting Online With Efficiency
Follow these steps to get your South Dakota Tier Ii Reporting edited in no time:
- Select the Get Form button on this page.
- You will enter into our PDF editor.
- Edit your file with our easy-to-use features, like highlighting, blackout, and other tools in the top toolbar.
- Hit the Download button and download your all-set document for reference in the future.
We Are Proud of Letting You Edit South Dakota Tier Ii Reporting In the Most Efficient Way


How to Edit Your South Dakota Tier Ii Reporting Online
When you edit your document, you may need to add text, fill in the date, and do other editing. CocoDoc makes it very easy to edit your form in a few steps. Let's see the easy steps.
- Select the Get Form button on this page.
- You will enter into this PDF file editor webpage.
- Once you enter into our editor, click the tool icon in the top toolbar to edit your form, like adding text box and crossing.
- To add date, click the Date icon, hold and drag the generated date to the field you need to fill in.
- Change the default date by deleting the default and inserting a desired date in the box.
- Click OK to verify your added date and click the Download button for sending a copy.
How to Edit Text for Your South Dakota Tier Ii Reporting with Adobe DC on Windows
Adobe DC on Windows is a popular tool to edit your file on a PC. This is especially useful when you finish the job about file edit on a computer. So, let'get started.
- Find and open the Adobe DC app on Windows.
- Find and click the Edit PDF tool.
- Click the Select a File button and upload a file for editing.
- Click a text box to make some changes the text font, size, and other formats.
- Select File > Save or File > Save As to verify your change to South Dakota Tier Ii Reporting.
How to Edit Your South Dakota Tier Ii Reporting With Adobe Dc on Mac
- Find the intended file to be edited and Open it with the Adobe DC for Mac.
- Navigate to and click Edit PDF from the right position.
- Edit your form as needed by selecting the tool from the top toolbar.
- Click the Fill & Sign tool and select the Sign icon in the top toolbar to make you own signature.
- Select File > Save save all editing.
How to Edit your South Dakota Tier Ii Reporting from G Suite with CocoDoc
Like using G Suite for your work to sign a form? You can edit your form in Google Drive with CocoDoc, so you can fill out your PDF in your familiar work platform.
- Add CocoDoc for Google Drive add-on.
- In the Drive, browse through a form to be filed and right click it and select Open With.
- Select the CocoDoc PDF option, and allow your Google account to integrate into CocoDoc in the popup windows.
- Choose the PDF Editor option to begin your filling process.
- Click the tool in the top toolbar to edit your South Dakota Tier Ii Reporting on the needed position, like signing and adding text.
- Click the Download button in the case you may lost the change.
PDF Editor FAQ
Will there be a war between China and the US? If it happened, where would the battlefield be?
Pentagon war planners can envision a conflict with China starting in any number of ways.For example, they fear a scenario that might involve a mass of Chinese military forces posturing along China’s coast near Taiwan and the aggressive reorientation of Chinese missile systems that would start setting off alarms in Washington, D.C.Top military leaders in Indo-Pacific Command would brace for reports of cyber attacks, satellites shutting down, vessels crowding and swarming various ships and ports across the South China Sea.More than a dozen experts contacted by Military Times described how this hypothetical nightmare could erupt fully, perhaps as Chinese missiles start hitting targets in Taiwan. A conflict could spin out of control quickly as sensors across the region light up with simultaneous events, stretching the United States and its allies in every imaginable domain all at once.A Pentagon annual report on China released Tuesday noted the military capabilities that the United States and its allies might have to counter, should such a scenario occur.China plans to double nuclear arsenal, Pentagon saysChina plans to double its stockpile of nuclear warheads in the next decade, including those designed to be carried atop ballistic missiles that can reach the United States, the Pentagon said in a new report.https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/09/01/china-planning-to-double-nuclear-arsenal-pentagon-says/China plans to double its stockpile of nuclear warheads in the next decade, including those designed to be carried atop ballistic missiles that can reach the United States, the Pentagon said in a new report.Joe GouldAmong China’s assets is the world’s largest navy, with a battle force of 350 ships that includes 130 major surface combatants. By comparison, the U.S. Navy has 296 deployable ships. China’s ground-based missiles have a range of 500km range, compared to the 300-km range for U.S. ground-based missiles in theater.And if the United States does strike, it will face the world’s largest array of advanced long-range, surface-to-air systems, according to the report.An Air Force B-1B Lancer with the 9th Expeditionary Bomb Squadron takes off at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, May 8. It was one of two B-1s conducting a training mission over the South China Sea in support of strategic deterrence in the Indo-Pacific region. (Senior Airman River Bruce/Air Force)China and America at war?It’s a global contingency that Pentagon planners are now studying more than ever before, as both the U.S. and Chinese military are setting up more tripwires across the Pacific Rim that could draw the world’s two largest powers into open conflict.During a recent trip to Hawaii, Defense Secretary Mark Esper outlined the rising tension between the U.S. and China as the latter looks to extend its military might outside its borders.The Chinese military “continues to pursue an aggressive modernization plan to achieve a world-class military by the middle of the century,” he said Aug. 26 at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies in Honolulu. “This will undoubtedly embolden the PLA’s provocative behavior in the South and East China seas, and anywhere else the Chinese government has deemed critical to its interests.”Friction across the region is ripe for escalation — from the long-standing Chinese threats against Taiwan to the the U.S. freedom-of-navigation operations in the South and East China seas that so irritate the Chinese. And, of course, those seas are heavily trafficked by ships, both military and commercial, adding more potential for confrontations. Other triggers could include China’s land claims across the region, its growing economic might, shifting regional alliances and the ever-present tensions on the Korean peninsula. There’re also growing concerns about cyber warfare and space.China’s moves are so bold that the Pentagon has reoriented its entire worldview. The 2018 National Defense Strategy aims to shore up not only troops and weapons to deter a fight in the Pacific, but also to expand its network of allies in the region.This network expansion serves several purposes: to increase the total number of assets available to deploy against China, if need be; to explore more forward-basing opportunities that would spread U.S. troops now concentrated in South Korea and Japan farther south and west; and to ensure that, at a basic level, those countries side with the U.S., rather than China, in any possible conflict.If Russia started World War III, here’s how it would go downThe U.S. and NATO forces on Europe's eastern border are vastly outnumbered by the Russian military and could be quickly overwhelmed if Moscow mounted an aggressive assault into the Baltic region.https://www.militarytimes.com/flashpoints/2017/09/13/if-russia-started-world-war-iii-heres-how-it-would-go-down/The U.S. and NATO forces on Europe's eastern border are vastly outnumbered by the Russian military and could be quickly overwhelmed if Moscow mounted an aggressive assault into the Baltic region.Todd SouthMilitary Times interviewed more than a dozen sources — both on the record and on background— and reviewed dozens of publicly available analyses on scenarios that could lead to live combat between the two nations.An F-35B Lightning II with Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 265 (Reinforced), 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, takes off from the amphibious assault ship America April 23 (Sgt. Audrey Rampton/Marine Corps)Experts roundly agreed that immediate conflict remains unlikely, given the huge costs in lives and treasure. Moreover, the nuclear weapons on both sides certainly serve to make leaders more cautious. But within the next decade or less, straining relations coupled with increased Chinese military capability could bring events to the brink.The Air Force’s new chief of staff, Gen. Charles “CQ” Brown, on Monday warned that the next war — a war with a peer adversary like China or Russia — is likely to be highly contested and could see “combat attrition rates and risks — that are more akin to the World War II era than the uncontested environment to which we have become accustomed” since the Gulf War.The U.S. risks losing such a war if its military does not adjust to this new reality,” said Brown, who until recently served as head of Pacific Air Forces.There’s also the risk that mistakes could start a conflict without strategic intention on either side.“I don’t think the South China Sea would start a war, but I do think there’s a risk of miscalculation that could result in localized hostilities,” said Blake Herzinger, a civilian Indo-Pacific defense policy specialist and Naval Reserve officer based in Singapore. “I think both countries would act quickly to try and de-escalate if there were an exchange of fire in the [South China Sea].”While a real military confrontation always looms, many experts believe that China would rather conduct political and economic warfare to undermine the U.S. and further its strategic objectives.Unlike most other U.S. adversaries, the rivalry with China is a sprawling global competition that has countless non-military aspects, as China seeks to dominate regions politically and economically, create economic conditions favorable to China alone, and displace democratic institutions.Like the Cold War of the 20th century, the geostrategic battle between the U.S and China may intensify without a direct peer-to-peer war.The most likely situations to spark military conflict, and ones that have been war-gamed an unknown number of times, are an escalation of Chinese military aggression in the South China Sea and an attack, harassment or even invasion of Taiwan.TaiwanIn some ways, the U.S. and China are already at war, said Rick Lamb, a retired Army Special Forces command sergeant major.“And in a lot of instances, it is really this competition that you see,” he said. “It goes into confrontation, like they build the islands. And then the next step is conflict, but they always keep this confrontation, this conflict, this competition below the threshold of war.”The recent Pentagon China report contains sections dedicated to both Taiwan and the Taiwan Strait. Taiwan is being outspent by China in military acquisitions, the report noted, and has reoriented to asymmetrical assets specifically to counter Chinese capabilities. But the island would face an onslaught in the event of any real aggression from China.China moves toward new ‘intelligentized’ approach to warfare, says PentagonA newly released report from the DoD articulates how China is adopting new technologies as part of a shift in its military strategy.https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/2020/09/01/china-moves-toward-new-intelligentized-approach-to-warfare-says-pentagon/A newly released report from the DoD articulates how China is adopting new technologies as part of a shift in its military strategy.Mark PomerleauThe entire eastern theater command of China’s military is aimed at Taiwan and Japan. And its army “continues to enhance its readiness to prevent Taiwan independence and execute an invasion if necessary,” according to the report.The Chinese missile frigate Yuncheng launches an anti-ship missile during an exercise near China's Hainan Island and Paracel Islands in July 2016. (Zha Chunming/Xinhua via AP)That command contains three group armies, two marine brigades, two air force bases and one missile base, not including the rest of the nation’s assets that could be shuttled through the countryside to provide a deeper magazine, according to the report.While much of China’s foreign policy and expansionist work happens in the economic and political realms, there are military aspects to those efforts, especially with Taiwan.“Although Beijing would prefer to avoid a military confrontation over Taiwan, it has never taken the military card off the table,” according to a Stratfor report released in June. “The pace of China’s military developments [has] far exceeded Taiwan’s, and the balance has clearly tilted in favor of China, including even in several scenarios where the United States intervenes in a cross-strait conflict.”But the price in Chinese troops and equipment, not to mention the global economic and political fallout, wouldn’t necessarily be worth the risk.What war with Iran could look likeMilitary Times interviewed more than a dozen military experts, including current and former U.S. military officials, about how a conflict might begin and how it could play out. This is what they said could happen:https://www.militarytimes.com/news/2019/06/04/what-war-with-iran-could-look-like/Military Times interviewed more than a dozen military experts, including current and former U.S. military officials, about how a conflict might begin and how it could play out. This is what they said could happen:Todd South, Kyle Rempfer, Shawn Snow, Howard Altman, David B. Larter“That does not mean, however, that China is not actively preparing the battleground, both in the political realm to demonstrate the futility of Taiwanese independence, and as a concrete way to increase the likelihood of victory if there is a shift to open hostilities,” the report noted.Retired Army Lt. Col. Dennis Blasko, a former Army attaché to Beijing and Hong Kong, told Military Times that many analysts have ignored recent developments in the Chinese military.While missile, naval, cyber and electronic warfare capabilities have received most attention, “vast improvements” in China’s air assault and special operations forces over the past 15 years go unmentioned, he said.And a lot of attention is paid to the mass, or total numbers of forces, that China can put together.That’s not as big an advantage as it seems, Blasko said. Mostly, that’s because “its overwhelming numbers can’t all fit into the Taiwan front or in the airspace surrounding Taiwan. … It’s more about how these forces are concentrated and employed, and the commanders and staffs that lead them, than sheer numbers.”There are mounting signs of military planning for VenezuelaThe idea of a U.S. push for “regime change” in the oil-rich South American country may be gaining momentum in the White House.https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2019/03/15/there-are-mounting-signs-of-military-planning-for-venezuela/The idea of a U.S. push for “regime change” in the oil-rich South American country may be gaining momentum in the White House.Kyle Rempfer and Todd SouthChina has also built enough artificial islands in the South China Sea to make a kind of “defensive ring” around Taiwan, according to experts.A recent war game, one of many that have been conducted involving a Taiwan conflict, showed “staggering casualties” and, should China gain a foothold on the island, an “Iwo Jima”-like situation for the United States to overcome, according to a report by Real Clear Investigations.An initial U.S. response would include air defenses using Patriot missiles and submarines in the area, which have worked brilliantly for many past conflicts.This time, though, the volume of fire that China would launch would overwhelm the defenses available. Even if the Patriot batteries took out all they could, hundreds of missiles would still hit Taiwan.Following the missile attack, Real Clear reported from the war game, an estimated 15 to 20 Chinese military landings from all directions would hit the island. They could seize beachheads and airports, locking down defensive positions quickly to deny access from Allied forces.“And once that happens we’d face an Iwo Jima situation," Rand Corp. analyst David A. Ochmanek, told Real Clear.The sheer mass of attacks and materials that China could bring to the fight would be hard to handle, said Dean Cheng, a China expert for the Heritage Foundation.“What is going to take down the second wave of enemy helicopters, the third wave of Chinese ground attack craft?” Cheng told Military Times. “What happens to our side when we’re not getting hit by a mortar battery but by an artillery division?”As far as U.S. ground forces in Taiwan, their job would get complicated quickly. Just getting them onto the island in the first place would be difficult.A Chinese H-6K bomber patrols the islands and reefs in the South China Sea in this undated photo. (Liu Rui/Xinhua via AP)Chinese anti-access, area-denial weapons would try to hold any U.S. ships at bay, meaning an air assault might be the preferred way of getting U.S. ground troops on the island, but it is not likely they would play a major combat role.Once the paratroopers stuff their chutes, what do they do? Mostly deal with getting noncombatants off the island. Cheng estimates that effort would comprise much of the duties of units with the 25th Infantry Division and the 82nd Airborne Division’s Globtal Response Force.But those grunts would serve another purpose — political.Once American boots are on the soil of Taiwan, lobbing missiles that way becomes riskier, Cheng said.“If you continue this war, you’re going to kill Americans ― do you really want to do that?” he asked.If a company of soldiers dies in a barrage or a planeload of paratroopers gets hit, that might mean an escalation of the war onto targets in mainland China, something neither side wants.“Most U.S. military experts think that China wouldn’t be ready to take Taiwan by force until 2028, but I’ve heard from the Chinese military that they think they’re going to be ready in a year or two,” Oriana Skylar Mastro, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, told Military Times. “I don’t know who’s right.”Unsurprisingly, INDOPACOM assets would take on a big chunk of responsibility, should a conflict emerge with Beijing.“All the equipment is going to be INDOPACOM, with CENTCOM as a supporting theater,” Mastro said. “In the beginning, it would be everything we have in theater ― Korea, Japan, and then, of course, the naval assets that are out on a deployment type of thing.”What would defeating China look like? Mastro said the ideal scenario for both parties would be a “limited, short-duration conflict” that would preserve the status quo.That could mean no reunification between China and Taiwan, and no independence for Taiwan, she said.“We’re going back to the status quo, the situation isn’t worse,” Mastro said. “I think that’s the kind of defeat you would want.”Take to the skyBut maybe it wouldn’t be the sudden World War III scenario in Taiwan. Perhaps it would come more subtly, then overwhelm, much like the Russians’ work in Crimea, Georgia and Ukraine.Former Air Force Secretary Deborah Lee James said to watch for hybrid warfare akin to the Russian “little green men” who slipped into Crimea to launch the annexation of Ukrainian territory.“It would be fishermen, who suddenly had to be on the Senkaku Islands because their boat was sinking, and this would be the equivalent of the little green men,” James said. “And then somehow, the cyber would go down, and there would be massive confusion.”By the time U.S. and allied political authorities cut through the confusion, figured out what had happened and decided to act, those “fishermen” would already be dug in, she said.Former Air Combat Command head and retired Gen. Herbert “Hawk” Carlisle, current president of the National Defense Industrial Association, agreed that like Russia, China would likely operate in a “gray zone,” in which it slightly pushes and prods the U.S. and its allies until they respond.Then things get ugly — fast.“If we push back, and it gets to the point that it starts a conflict, it’s going to be rapid, it’s going to be intense, it’s going to be a high potential for casualties,” Carlisle said.Aircraft from the Nimitz Carrier Strike Force and a B-52 bomber from Barksdale Air Force Base conduct integrated joint air operations in support of a free and open Indo-Pacific. (Lt. Cmdr. Joseph Stephens/Navy)One of the Air Force’s first missions in the initial hours, James said, could be to provide intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities — such as the RQ-4 Global Hawks that this summer rotated into Yokota, or cyber or space assets — to sus out “what the heck is going on here?”Carlisle also said the newly created Space Force’s assets, such as orbiting satellites, would help support the other services in a China conflict.When it comes time to strike back, the Air Force is well-positioned in the Pacific region. There are fighter jets, ISR aircraft and other assets at Japan’s Yokota and Misawa, and South Korea’s Osan and Kunsan, air bases, as well as bomber task forces rotating through Andersen Air Force Base in Guam. The naval base at Diego Garcia, in the Indian Ocean, has also periodically hosted bombers.Carlisle said fighters, such as the F-22 and F-35, as well as the B-2, B-52 and — in the future — B-21 bombers would likely take a lead role.Air Force aircraft in Japan — such as the F-16s of the 35th Fighter Wing at Misawa — would be most likely to respond to an invasion of the Senkaku Islands, James said, flying alongside fighters from the Koku-Jieitai, or Japanese Air Self-Defense Force. Air Force aircraft regularly train alongside the Koku-Jieitai to prepare for such joint operations.Reinforcements would soon be needed.Air Force bases like Whiteman and Minot would start getting their bombers ready to fly. Those bombers are typically on quick alert, to get in the air in a matter of hours. It’s a long flight to the Pacific, but James said more bombers could start arriving within a day or two.The Air Force could also fly long-range strike missions from the continental United States, Carlisle said, and has done so in the past. In January 2017, for example, B-2s flew 34 hours from Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri to strike Islamic State targets in Libya.Vast amounts of airlift capability, such as C-130s and C-17s, would also be needed to bring in all the troops, weapons, equipment and supplies such a conflict would necessitate, James said. But the Air Force only has so much refueling and mobility capability, she said.The Air Force’s fleets of bombers and advanced fighters are also limited, Carlisle said, with about 120 combat-coded F-22s, 20 B-2s, and the B-21 still years away from the battlefield. And such a fight would stretch the U.S.‘s munitions production capabilities.On the high seasIndications that the Chinese were readying to invade Taiwan would be observable, and allow Guam-based forces to start moving forward while United States-based support ramped up, Herzinger said.“One of the big questions of Taiwan is if China decides to undertake such an invasion, would they open with a massive strike against U.S. forces in the region,” Herzinger, the civilian Indo-Pacific defense policy specialist, said. “I think it’s a fair assumption that they would. So, regarding 7th Fleet, who knows what’s available on day 0.”Aircraft from Carrier Air Wings 5 and 17 fly in formation over the Nimitz Carrier Strike Force July 6 in the South China Sea. The aircraft carriers Ronald Reagan, left, and Nimitz, and their carrier strike groups, were conducting dual carrier operations in the Indo-Pacific as the Nimitz Carrier Strike Force. (MC3 Keenan Daniels/Navy)“Guam-based submarines would definitely be required,” he added. “If a no-kidding war broke out, 7th Fleet would absolutely require the full support of (San Diego-based) 3rd Fleet.”How such a conflict would unfold in the initial hours, days and weeks would depend on how it starts, Herzinger said.“If it’s a surprise, in-theater forces may be dealing with the aftermath of a large pre-emptive strike,” he said. “The Navy’s priorities would also be defined by the contingency. Large-scale war, the Navy needs to secure primary (maritime routes) and address the PLAN submarine force. You’d be looking at reserves getting called up and mobilized (which takes a long time, weeks and months), 3rd Fleet getting ready to surge forward, (prepositioning) ships moving. Once it’s safe to move forces into the theater, you’re looking at massive airlifts into safe bases.”The Ronald Reagan and Nimitz Carrier Strike groups steam in formation in the South China Sea July 6. (MC3 Jason Tarleton)Anti-submarine warfare assets such as the sub-hunter P-8 Poseidon aircraft and American boats, as well as surface shooters and fighter jets, would be critical to any kinetic response, as would torpedoes, missiles, sonobuoys and fuel, Herzinger said.“A number of leaders have briefed the fact that we don’t have enough [missiles], and we don’t have enough tubes to shoot them from,” he said. “As attrition bites into that force, we have even less and we don’t have land-based missiles to use (which is why you see the push for basing these in the region — despite the lack of interest from U.S. partners).”“The generally accepted wisdom in modern naval warfare is that the first shooter has a considerable advantage because you’re reducing the number of tubes the opposition has to shoot back with,” Herzinger said. “So acquiring and fielding a lot of distributed, concealable shooters is key.”Tell it to the MarinesThe Marine Corps has spent years wargaming different scenarios, zeroing in on what it could do best in a war against China.“I know they have done hundreds of iterations,” said Dakota Wood, a retired Marine lieutenant colonel and now a senior research fellow at The Heritage Foundation.Marine Corps Commandant Gen. David Berger envisions a force spread out on the small islands and atolls that litter the Pacific Ocean, acting as a skirmish line within China’s weapons engagement zone, jabbing the Chinese forces, while the rest of the military prepares for the knockout blow.“Skirmishers when deployed effectively can have a significant impact,” said Chris Dougherty, a former senior advisor to the deputy assistant defense secretary for strategy and force development, and now a senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security in Washington, D.C.Marines with Charlie Company, Battalion Landing Team, 1st Battalion, 4th Marines, run toward security positions as part of the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit's simulated Expeditionary Advanced Base Operations, at Camp Schwab, Okinawa, Japan, March 13. (Gunnery Sgt. T.T. Parish/Marine Corps)Small units of Marines on expeditionary advanced bases with a variety of tools — including unmanned aerial vehicles, surface-to-air missiles, surface-to-ship missiles and possibly even equipment to launch cyberattacks against China — could have a major impact on China’s ability to get their soldiers to the battle, Dougherty added.However, to avoid counterattacks from the Chinese forces, Marines would have to move from island to island every few days or even every few hours.“Signature management really does matter, you have to make it as hard as possible for the enemy to figure out where you’re at and what you’re doing,” Wood said.If Marines were able to create and defend forward refueling and rearming bases, it could massively extend the time a Navy ship could stay in the fight.But the commandant’s plan isn’t scheduled to be completed until 2030 and the Corps still lacks the equipment and possibly even the personnel to fully implement it.“It would be very ugly right now, if we had this kind of war,” Wood said.Beyond the equipment concerns, the biggest issue preventing Marines from fully committing to a dispersed fight against China is the lack of basing agreements between the U.S. and nations that would play a key role in the fight.“It’s really hard to win a Taiwan fight without access to the Philippines,” Dougherty said. “I don’t see that reflected in the priorities of our national security community.”The Chinese military would be able to quickly level the Marine Corps’ air bases in Japan, while Australia and Guam — places where the Marine Corps is currently operating — are too far away to be particularly helpful when it comes to launching strikes against China.In addition to the Philippines, Dougherty cited Vietnam as a potential key partner in the fight against China “because Vietnam has some wonderful geography. You can have good exterior lines versus the Chinese.”“If you’re in Vietnam and the Philippines, suddenly you’ve got the Chinese in the South China Sea pretty badly surrounded,” he added.Where are the special operators?The role of special operators in a fight against a highly advanced adversary like China would be limited at best, according to experts who spoke to Military Times.Tier-one units are not designed to take on peer competitors, while Green Berets, as an example, are trained to work with indigenous forces to build up their capabilities and conduct unconventional warfare.“I am not sure they would have an immediate role in one of these situations,” said retired Army Gen. Joseph Votel, describing a conflict in Taiwan or on the South China Sea.Votel, who commanded Joint Special Operations Command, which directly oversees the special missions units, as well as U.S. Special Operations Command and U.S. Central Command, told Military Times that “certainly some SOF could be used for reconnaissance, select targeting, limited direct action and partnership.”It is possible, he said, for U.S. SOF to assist on the ground in Taiwan.A Filipino special operator stands beside a Philippine Navy helicopter on board the Gregorio Del Pilar warship in Manilla in December 2014. The Philippines is trying to modernize its navy amid tensions with China over the disputed Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. (Aaron Favila/AP)“If the Chinese attack was more subtle — meaning a less-militarily focused approach — then perhaps USSF could work with partners on the ground to create a resistance network,” he said.In need of a liftThe sorry state of U.S. Military Sealift Command vessels worries Herzinger.Prepositioned ships full of warfighting supplies, and the surge ships on call to ferry troops and materiel to a future fight, have been long neglected.“It’s old, the mariners are old, and we don’t exercise them enough for high-end warfare,” Herzinger said. “They’re strapped just trying to resupply the fleet under current conditions.”There’s also the question of access. Should a one-on-one fight break out between China and the United States, there is no guarantee that America would be allowed access to the ports and other infrastructure of nominal regional allies.“A lot of places we’d really need are tied tightly to China economically and would be pretty reticent to allow us to use their ports/airfields/etc.,” Herzinger said. “Our anti-allies stance from the top has not helped this.”The virtual space gets realChina is building carriers now, aiming for an offensive fleet, but they are not yet expeditionary. The Chinese lack the ability to transport assets to a foreign shore and sustain the fight, except perhaps closer to home, as with Taiwan.That means where the Chinese military can really have an effect is in space and cyber. Cheng sees a host of attacks in the United States, both cyber and possibly kinetic, on communications sites and key linkage points.“I see jamming, dazzling, attacks on ground facilities, including in [the contiguous United States], cyber up and down the chain,” Cheng said. “I expect, quite frankly, to see GPS go offline.”That’s because, he added, the Chinese military sees how the American way of war is tied to space.And China sees space holistically — not for shiny satellites, but for the data they bring back down to Earth.All of the valuable command, control, communications and computers, as well as ISR, assets that the United States brings to the fight and enables them to fight with their allies is tied to space.If that goes down, much of the allied force is operating in the blind.It’s one thing for a platoon or company to have to whip out a map and compass, he said, but a brigade, a division, masses of ships attempting coordinated air and sea attacks?Sgt. David Hendrixson, left, and Staff Sgt. Jacob Rascon, both with 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), analyze prototyped cyber field equipment during Cyber Quest 2019. (Spc. TaMaya Eberhart/Army)China also has some low-tech tricks to use that will help their already outsized force look bigger and better. And it starts with some rubberized items that fit in a rucksack.Chinese soldiers can carry a 35 kg inflatable tank on their persons and have it up in five minutes or less. It can fool observers even at close distance.But that’s plastic, you might say. Surely our sensors can defeat those decoys.Well, there are versions of decoy units made of metal or other materials. The Chinese military has filled some with hot water to mimic engine heat for thermal sensors.Even missile launchers are disguised to look like fuel or cargo trucks. Their military trains are built to appear just as civilian trains, making bombing train lines difficult except in a total war scenario.AlliesThis year, Japan canceled a new air defense system, Aegis Ashore, which had been in the works and was aimed to tie in with both ship- and land-based assets to protect them from either a North Korean attack or Chinese land grabs.The South China Morning Post reported in August that Taiwan had been excluded from the massive Rim of the Pacific international maritime exercise.Zhu Feng, a professor of international relations at Nanjing University in eastern China, told the newspaper that excluding Taiwan from RIMPAC reflected a “sensitivity” from the Pentagon to avoid potential military conflict.“China-U.S. relations are already in a difficult situation, and neither side wants the tension to get out of control in the Western Pacific,” Zhu said. “Major powers can compete strategically, but they still want to manage risks to prevent the possibility of military conflict.”Beijing-based naval expert Li Jie said the issue of Taiwan joining RIMPAC was one of Washington’s bargaining chips in dealing with Beijing.“The U.S. may still invite Taiwan [next time] if they want to play the Taiwan card,” he said.Earlier this year, INDOPACOM Commander Adm. Phil Davidson put out a release re-emphasizing U.S. agreements with Japan, the Philippines, Singapore and the island states of Palau, Micronesia and the Marshall Islands, should China come a-knocking.Cheng notes that while much of the Pacific will be an air and sea war, for partnerships the United States must also focus on its Army. That’s because most of the Pacific nations’ armies are their military center of power and hold political sway within each state’s borders.Lamb, the retired Army Special Forces command sergeant major, thinks any potential steel-on-steel conflict is not likely for at least another decade.“But in 2030, when they are ready, that’s when things get really dicey unless we have a bunch of friends,” Lamb said.That means partners — not just in the region, but also in Europe and Latin America — sharing intelligence, training and equipment in a coalition, he said.But the bottom line, according to Lamb, is the U.S. must send China the message that there’s a limit to Beijing’s aggressive behavior.When there are no consequences for aggression, that just “always ends with increased aggression,” he said.Always preparingFrom the Asia pivot in 2012 to now, the United States has reallocated resources — troops, rotations, deployments, equipment, infrastructure to the Pacific. The Army is designing helicopters and missile systems to reach and to defend far-flung distances it hasn’t ever had to consider.The Navy is reorganizing its fleet to fight a true naval battle for the first time since World War II. The Air Force is taking a keen look at its drone capabilities, bombers, fuel capacity and space assets.The Marine Corps got rid of tanks and is restructuring its force to fire and defend with missiles instead of M4s.The Army is shifting more rotational deployments, training partnerships, even purpose-built “multi-domain operations” task forces to the Pacific to meet the challenge.All of this is aimed at keeping China at bay. For now.
What is the difference between a veteran being buried at a State Veterans Cemetery vs a National Veterans Cemetery?
You have to meet certain requirements to be buried in a National Cemetery. You have to apply through The National Cemetery Scheduling Office to get buried in a VA national cemetery. Here are the requirements:EligibilityPersons Eligible for Burial in a National CemeteryThe National Cemetery Scheduling Office has the primary responsibility for verifying eligibility for burial in VA national cemeteries. A determination of eligibility is made in response to a request for burial in a VA national cemetery. To schedule a burial fax all discharge documentation to 1-866-900-6417 and follow-up with a phone call to 1-800-535-1117.a. Veterans and Members of the Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard)(1) Any member of the Armed Forces of the United States who dies on active duty.(2) Any Veteran who was discharged under conditions other than dishonorable. With certain exceptions, service beginning after September 7, 1980, as an enlisted person, and service after October 16, 1981, as an officer, must be for a minimum of 24 continuous months or the full period for which the person was called to active duty (as in the case of a Reservist called to active duty for a limited duration). Undesirable, bad conduct, and any other type of discharge other than honorable may or may not qualify the individual for Veterans benefits, depending upon a determination made by a VA Regional Office. Cases presenting multiple discharges of varying character are also referred for adjudication to a VA Regional Office.(3) Any citizen of the United States who, during any war in which the United States has or may be engaged, served in the Armed Forces of any Government allied with the United States during that war, whose last active service was terminated honorably by death or otherwise, and who was a citizen of the United States at the time of entry into such service and at the time of death.b. Members of Reserve Components and Reserve Officers’ Training Corps(1) Reservists and National Guard members who, at time of death, were entitled to retired pay under Chapter 1223, title 10, United States Code, or would have been entitled, but for being under the age of 60. Specific categories of individuals eligible for retired pay are delineated in section 12731 of Chapter 1223, title 10, United States Code.(2) Members of reserve components, and members of the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard, who die while hospitalized or undergoing treatment at the expense of the United States for injury or disease contracted or incurred under honorable conditions while performing active duty for training or inactive duty training, or undergoing such hospitalization or treatment.(3) Members of the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps of the Army, Navy, or Air Force who die under honorable conditions while attending an authorized training camp or on an authorized cruise, while performing authorized travel to or from that camp or cruise, or while hospitalized or undergoing treatment at the expense of the United States for injury or disease contracted or incurred under honorable conditions while engaged in one of those activities.(4) Members of reserve components who, during a period of active duty for training, were disabled or died from a disease or injury incurred or aggravated in line of duty or, during a period of inactive duty training, were disabled or died from an injury or certain cardiovascular disorders incurred or aggravated in line of duty.(5) Members of reserve and Guard components who have met minimum active duty service requirements, as applicable by law, and who were discharged under conditions other than dishonorable are also eligible provided they were called to active duty and served the full term of service.c. Commissioned Officers, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(1) A Commissioned Officer of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (formerly titled the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Environmental Science Services Administration) with full-time duty on or after July 29, 1945.(2) A Commissioned Officer who served before July 29, 1945; and,(a) Was assigned to an area of immediate military hazard as determined by the Secretary of Defense while in time of war, or in a Presidentially declared national emergency; or,(b) Served in the Philippine Islands on December 7, 1941, and continuously in such islands thereafter.d. Public Health Service(1) A Commissioned Officer of the Regular or Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service who served on full-time duty on or after July 29, 1945. If the service of the particular Public Health Service Officer falls within the meaning of active duty for training, as defined in section 101(22), title 38, United States Code, he or she must have been disabled or died from a disease or injury incurred or aggravated in the line of duty.(2) A Commissioned Officer of the Regular or Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service who performed full-time duty prior to July 29, 1945:(a) In time of war;(b) On detail for duty with the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard; or,(c) While the Service was part of the military forces of the United States pursuant to Executive Order of the President.(3) A Commissioned Officer serving on inactive duty training as defined in section 101(23), title 38, United States Code, whose death resulted from an injury incurred or aggravated in the line of duty.e. World War II Merchant Mariners(1) United States Merchant Mariners with oceangoing service during the period of armed conflict, December 7, 1941, to December 31, 1946. Prior to the enactment of Public Law 105-368, United States Merchant Mariners with oceangoing service during the period of armed conflict of December 7, 1941, to August 15, 1945, were eligible. With enactment of Public Law 105-368, the service period is extended to December 31, 1946, for those dying on or after November 11, 1998. A DD-214 documenting this service may be obtained by submitting an application to Commandant (G-MVP-6), United States Coast Guard, 2100 2nd Street, SW, Washington, DC 20593. Notwithstanding, the Mariner’s death must have occurred on or after the enactment of Public Law 105-368.(2) United States Merchant Mariners who served on blockships in support of Operation Mulberry during World War II.f. The Philippine Armed Forces(1) Any Philippine Veteran who was a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States at the time of their death; and resided in the United States at the time of their death; and,(a) Was a person who served before July 1, 1946, in the organized military forces of the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, while such forces were in the service of the Armed Forces of the United States pursuant to the military order of the President dated July 26, 1941, including organized guerilla forces under commanders appointed, designated, or subsequently recognized by the Commander in Chief, Southwest Pacific Area, or other competent authority in the Army of the United States, and who died on or after November 1, 2000; or,(b) Was a person who enlisted between October 6, 1945, and June 30, 1947, with the Armed Forces of the United States with the consent of the Philippine government, pursuant to section 14 of the Armed Forces Voluntary Recruitment Act of 1945, and who died on or after December 16, 2003.g. Spouses and Dependents(1) The spouse, surviving spouse or dependent of an eligible Veteran or member of the Armed Forces may be eligible for interment in a national cemetery even if that Veteran is not buried or memorialized in a national cemetery.(2) The surviving spouse of an eligible Veteran who had a subsequent remarriage to a non-Veteran and whose death occurred on or after January 1, 2000, is eligible for burial in a national cemetery, based on his or her marriage to the eligible Veteran.(3) The minor children of an eligible Veteran. For purpose of burial in a national cemetery, a minor child is a child who is unmarried and:(a) Who is under 21 years of age; or,(b) Who is under 23 years of age and pursuing a full-time course of instruction at an approved educational institution.(4) The unmarried adult child of an eligible Veteran. For purpose of burial in a national cemetery, an unmarried adult child is:Of any age but became permanently physically or mentally disabled and incapable of self-support before reaching 21 years of age, or before reaching 23 years of age if pursuing a full-time course of instruction at an approved educational institution. Proper supporting documentation must be provided.h. Parents(1) Biological or adoptive parents, who died after October 13, 2010, and whose biological or adoptive child was a servicemember:(a) whose death occurred on or after October 7, 2001, and(b) whose death was the result of a hostile casualty or a training-related injury, and(c) who is interred in a national cemetery, in a gravesite with available space for subsequentinterment, and(d) at the time of the parent’s death, had no spouse, surviving spouse, or child who is buried, or who, upon death, may be eligible for burial in a national cemetery.(2) The term “hostile casualty” means a person who, as a member of the Armed Forces, dies as the direct result of hostile action with the enemy, while in combat, while going to or returning from a combat mission if the cause of death was directly related to hostile action, or while hospitalized or undergoing treatment at the expense of the United States for injury incurred during combat, and includes a person killed mistakenly or accidentally by friendly fire directed at a hostile force or what is thought to be a hostile force. The term “hostile casualty” does not include a person who dies due to the elements, a self-inflicted wound, combat fatigue, or a friendly force while the person was absent-without-leave, deserter, or dropped-from-rolls status or was voluntarily absent from a place of duty.(3) The term “training-related injury” means an injury incurred by a member of the Armed Forces while performing authorized training activities in preparation for a combat mission.i. Hmong Individuals(During the Vietnam War, special guerilla units and irregular forces in Laos were directed by the Central Intelligence Agency to disrupt North Vietnamese supply lines, rescue downed United States pilots, and protect the Laotian government from falling to the Communist Pathet Lao. Following the war, some of the individuals who served in these units were relocated to the United States as refugees and were provided an expeditious route to citizenship under the Hmong Veterans' Naturalization Act of 2000, P.L. 106-207, as amended by P.L. 106-415, (“2000 Act”) (codified at 8 U.S.C. § 1423 note). The 2000 Act applied only to individuals who served in these special guerilla units and their spouses who applied for naturalization between May 26, 2000, and November 26, 2001, and to surviving spouses of individuals who served in these special guerilla units who were killed or died in Laos, Thailand, or Vietnam who applied for naturalization between November 1, 2000, and May 1, 2002.)The new category of persons eligible under 38 U.S.C. § 2402(a)(1) includes individuals who:• died on or after March 23, 2018,• resided in the U.S. at the time of death, and• were naturalized under Section 2(1) of the Hmong Veterans’ Naturalization Act of 2000 (“2000 Act”).The 2000 Act eased certain naturalization requirements for persons who served with special guerrilla units or irregular forces, operating from a base in Laos, in support of the U.S. military, anytime between February 28, 1961 to September 18, 1978; and their spouses and also persons married to an individual who served in special guerilla units or irregular forces who was killed or died in Laos, Thailand, or Vietnam during that time frame.i Naturalization under the 2000 Act was also available for spouses of those who served in SGU/irregular forces and surviving spouses of those who were killed or died in action while serving in SGU/irregular forces. However, section 251 of Public Law 115-141 only amended VA’s burial eligibility statute to inter eligible to Hmong fighters, not their spouses or surviving spouses.j. OthersSuch other persons or classes of persons as designated by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs (38 U.S.C. § 2402(6)) or the Secretary of Defense (Public Law 95-202, § 401, and 38 CFR § 3.7(x)).Persons Not Eligible for Burial in a National Cemeterya. Former SpousesA former spouse of an eligible individual whose marriage to that individual has been terminated by annulment or divorce, if not otherwise eligible.b. Other Family MembersFamily members of an eligible person except those defined as eligible in Section III, paragraph g (Spouses and Dependents).c. Disqualifying Characters of DischargeA person whose only separation from the Armed Forces was under dishonorable conditions or whose character of service results in a bar to Veterans benefits.d. Discharge from DraftA person who was ordered to report to an induction station, but was not actually inducted into military service.e. Persons Found Guilty of a Capital CrimeUnder 38 U.S.C. § 2411, interment or memorialization in a VA national cemetery or in Arlington National Cemetery is prohibited if a person is convicted of a Federal or State capital crime, for which a sentence of imprisonment for life or the death penalty may be imposed and the conviction is final. Federal officials may not inter in Veterans cemeteries persons who are shown by clear and convincing evidence to have committed a Federal or State capital crime but were unavailable for trial due to death or flight to avoid prosecution. Federally funded State veterans cemeteries must also adhere to this law. This prohibition is also extended to furnishing a Presidential Memorial Certificate, a burial flag, and a headstone or marker.f. Persons convicted of Certain Sex OffensesUnder 38 U.S.C. § 2411, interment or memorialization in a VA national cemetery or in Arlington National Cemetery is prohibited if a person is convicted of a Tier III sex offense, who was sentenced to a minimum of life imprisonment and whose conviction is final. Federally funded State and Tribal organization Veterans cemeteries must also adhere to this law. This prohibition also applies to Presidential Memorial Certificate, burial flag, and headstone and marker benefits.g. Subversive ActivitiesAny person convicted of subversive activities after September 1, 1959, shall have no right to burial in a national cemetery from and after the date of commission of such offense, based on periods of active military service commencing before the date of the commission of such offense, nor shall another person be entitled to burial on account of such an individual. Eligibility will be reinstated if the President of the United States grants a pardon.h. Active or Inactive Duty for TrainingA person whose only service is active duty for training or inactive duty training in the National Guard or Reserve Component, unless the individual meets the eligibility criteria listed in Section III.1.b. of this information sheet.i. Other GroupsMembers of groups whose service has been determined by the Secretary of the Air Force under the provisions of Public Law 95-202 as not warranting entitlement to benefits administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs.National Cemetery AdministrationState Veteran’s Cemetery's are run by the state which each state has their own requirements of who can be buried there. Most states just require being a veteran. Some states are funded while others are not.Alabama State Veterans CemeteryThe Alabama State Veterans Cemetery is located in Spanish Fort. Eligibility for interment in the State Veterans Cemetery follows National Cemetery Administration eligibility requirements.In general, veterans discharged under conditions other than dishonorable and their spouses and dependent children are eligible. Residency requirements exist.For spouses or dependent children, a fee will be charged on the day of interment. For veterans, there is no cost.There are also three national VA cemeteries in Alabama.Arizona Veteran CemeteriesThe state of Arizona has 3 Veterans' cemeteries which are located in Camp Navajo, Marana, and Sierra Vista. Any veteran who has an other-than-dishonorable discharge is eligible for burial. Spouses and certain dependents are also eligible for burial. There is no charge for interment for veterans, and a one-time nominal fee for eligible spouses and dependentsArkansas State Veterans' CemeteriesThere are two Arkansas State Veterans Cemeteries, one in North Little Rock, and one in Birdeye.Veterans who have an other than dishonorable discharge are eligible for interment, along with certain others. Spouses and dependent children are also eligible. There is no cost for the veteran and a $300 cost for the spouse or dependent.California State Veteran CemeteriesThere are 3 state veterans cemeteries within California:California Central Coast Veterans Cemetery - MontereyNorthern California Veterans Cemetery - IgoYountville Veterans Cemetery - YountvilleComplete, professional burial services at no cost to veterans ($500 fee for spouses or dependents).Veterans, dependents and survivors who meet VA eligibility requirements for burial in a national cemetery may be eligible.Colorado State Veterans' CemeteryThe Veterans Memorial Cemetery of Western Colorado is located in Grand Junction. Eligibility for burial in the cemetery is the same as for Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) national cemeteries but includes a residency requirement.Connecticut State Veterans CemeteryAny veteran discharged with other than a dishonorable discharge is eligible for burial in the state veterans cemetery in Middletown. Spouses are also eligible for this benefit.Delaware State Veterans CemeteryThere are two state veterans cemeteries in Bear and Millsboro.Eligibility for burial is generally similar to burial requirements for a National Veterans Cemetery and include a residency requirementGeorgia State Veterans CemeteriesAny veteran or their family may be buried in one of the two Georgia State Veterans Memorial Cemeteries in Milledgeville or Glennville. Eligibility requirements are the same as for burial in a VA cemetery, and require an other-than-dishonorable discharge.Hawaii State Veterans CemeteriesHawaii has 7 state veterans cemeteries located in:HiloKailua-KonaKaneoheKauna KakaiLanai CityLihueMakawaoVeterans, spouses, and some dependents are eligible for internment. There may be a small fee charged for burial.Idaho State Veterans CemeteryThe Idaho State Veterans Cemetery is located adjacent to the Dry Creek Cemetery in Northwest Boise. The eligibility requirements for burial at the Idaho State Veterans Cemetery follow the National Veterans Cemetery eligibility requirements and Idaho law. There is no requirement to be a resident of the state of Idaho.Indiana Veterans Memorial CemeteryThe Indiana Veterans Memorial Cemetery is located next to the Madison State Hospital and Clifty Falls State Park in Madison, Indiana. Any Hoosier veteran eligible to be buried in a national cemetery will be eligible for burial in the cemetery. Spouses are also eligible.Burial AllowancesEach county auditor is authorized to pay up to an amount not to exceed $100 for the burial of a veteran or the veteran's spouse, and to pay up to $100 for the setting of a federal headstone. Veterans must have received an honorable discharge, and an application must be filed with the county auditor in the county of residence.Iowa State Veterans CemeteryThe Iowa Veterans Cemetery is Located 10 miles west of Des Moines, near Van Meter, the cemetery is available to all veterans, their spouses, and dependent children for burial. Honorably discharged veterans will be interred at no charge and spouses/dependents will be buried for a $300 fee.Kansas State Veterans CemeteriesKansas has 4 state veterans' cemeteries in Ft. Dodge, Ft. Riley, Wakeeney, and Winfield. Veterans who received an "other-than-dishonorable" discharge, guard and reservists with at least 20 years of qualifying service, or those who die on active duty are eligible for burial.Dependents are also eligible for burial. There is no fee for veterans or their dependents, and there is no Kansas residency requirement.Kentucky Veterans CemeteriesKentucky Veterans Cemeteries are located in Hopkinsville, Fort Knox, Williamstown, and Greenup County.Any Kentucky resident veteran or any veteran who was stationed in Kentucky is eligible for burial. There is no fee.Louisiana Veterans CemeteriesThe state of Louisiana has 4 cemeteries located in Keithville, Leesville, Rayville, and Slidell. The cemeteries are available for qualifying veterans, their spouses and dependent children, there is no charge for veterans and only a small fee for spouses and dependent childrenMaine Veterans Memorial CemeteryThe Maine Veterans' Memorial Cemetery System consists of four cemeteries. One of which is located in Caribou, two in Augusta and one in Springvale. Burial is free of charge to veterans with an other-than-dishonorable discharge as well as their dependents.Maryland State Veterans CemeteryMaryland has five state veterans' cemeteries located in Cheltenham, Crownsville, Flintstone, Hurlock, and Owings Mills. A burial plot is provided to eligible veterans and their eligible dependents, when the veteran is a resident of the State of Maryland and has received an honorable discharge.Plots are available on a first-come, first-served basis.There is no cost to the veteran for burial plot, opening/closing, headstone and State liner (if used). Eligible dependents have a minimal opening/closing cost and a direct cost for State liner (if used).Massachusetts State Veterans' CemeteriesThere are two state veterans cemeteries in Massachusetts (Agawam and Winchendon) where eligible veterans can be buried at no cost. There will be a nominal fee for the burial of spouses and eligible dependents.Michigan Veterans' Burial ExpensesUnder state law, eligible veterans and some spouses/surviving spouses, who meet residency and asset limits, may qualify for $300 for burial expenses paid by the County Board of Commissioners or the Board of County Auditors.Minnesota State Veterans CemeteryMinnesota has two state veterans cemeteries in Little Falls and Preston. Burial is open to all veterans with an other-than-dishonorable discharge.Veterans are interred free of charge, dependents may pay a small fee.Mississippi State Veterans Memorial CemeteryThe cemetery is located approximately three miles east of Newton on Highway 80.Veterans, their spouses and eligible dependent children can be buried in the cemetery.Burial for veterans is free, a fee must be paid to bury non-Veteran spouses and eligible dependent children.Missouri State Veterans CemeteriesThere are five State Veterans Cemeteries, one each in Springfield, Higginsville, Bloomfield, Ft. Leonard Wood, and Jacksonville.There is no charge for any of the services provided. Eligibility is the same as for a federal cemetery, there is no residency requirement. Spouses, and dependent children may be eligible for burial.Montana State Veterans' CemeteriesThe State of Montana maintains three Veterans Cemeteries, they are located in Helena, Missoula, and Miles City.Spouses may be buried along with the Veteran.There is a small charge for burial. Non residents may also be eligible.Nebraska Veterans CemeteryThe State of Nebraska operates a veterans cemetery in Alliance. Veterans and their dependents are eligible for burial at no charge. Eligibility requirements are the same as federal veterans cemeteries.Nevada State Veterans' CemeteryNevada has two veterans cemeteries, in Fernley and Boulder City. There is no charge for the plot, vault and opening & closing of a gravesite for a veteran. A $450 fee (subject to change) is charged for the burial of the spouse or dependent of a veteran.New Hampshire Veterans CemeteryAll veterans are eligible for interment in the NH State Veterans Cemetery in Boscawen, you don't need to be a NH resident. There is a fee, spouses are also eligible.New Jersey State Veteran CemeteryFree interment and perpetual care is available for NJ resident veterans, their spouses and dependent children in the Brigadier General William C. Doyle Veterans Memorial Cemetery in Wrightstown.New Mexico State Veterans CemeteryThe New Mexico state veterans cemetery in Ft. Stanton is open to honorably discharged veterans and their spouses.North Carolina State Veterans CemeteriesThere are four state veterans cemeteries: Black Mountain, Goldsboro, Jacksonville, and Spring Lake. Honorably discharged North Carolina veterans can be buried for free, there is a small charge for spouses.North Dakota Veterans CemeteryThe North Dakota Veteran's Cemetery is located near Mandan. Veterans and their spouses are eligible for burial. There is no charge for the veteran, a small fee is charged for the spouse. You DO NOT have to be a North Dakota resident.Rhode Island Veterans' CemeteryThe Rhode Island state veterans cemetery is located in Exeter. Honorably discharged Rhode Island wartime veterans, twenty-year retirees of the Rhode Island National Guard, reserve components are eligible. Some spouses and dependents may also be eligible for burial.South Carolina Veterans CemeteryThe M.J. "Dolly" Cooper veterans cemetery is located in Anderson. Burial is open to honorably discharged SC resident veterans and their spouses. There is no charge for the veteran's burial and a small fee for the spouse. Dependent children may be eligible for burial.South Dakota Burial & Memorial BenefitsBurial AllowanceA payment of up to $100 may be paid by the state to help defray the burial and funeral expenses of any honorably discharged veteran or the spouse or surviving spouse of a veteran when the estate, or immediate family of the deceased is lacking in funds to pay the expenses.Headstone Setting FeeThe state will pay $100 towards the cost of setting a government headstone or marker at the grave of a veteran who was a resident for one year before entering active duty or one year preceding death.Tennessee Veterans CemeteriesTennessee has four state veterans cemeteries, two in Knoxville, and one each in Memphis and Nashville. There is no fee for veteran interment, and a small fee for spouse and dependent children.Generally veterans with an "other than dishonorable" discharge are eligible.Texas Veterans CemeteriesTexas has four state veterans cemeteries in Abilene, Corpus Christi, Killeen, and Mission. All Texas veterans their spouses and dependent children are eligible for burial.There is no charge for burial of the veteran or their family.Utah Veterans CemeteryThe Utah state veterans cemetery is located in Bluffdale. The cemetery generally follows the eligibility requirements of VA National Cemetery System. Reservists and National Guard retirees are eligible for burial also.Surviving spouses and dependent children are also eligible for burial.There is no fee for the veteran and a small fee for dependents.Vermont State Veterans CemeteryThe Vermont Veterans Memorial Cemetery is located in Randolph Center. Veterans, their spouse, and unmarried minor children are eligible for burial as are National Guard and Reserve members with 20 years of service.There is no cost for the veteran's burial and a small cost for dependents.Virginia Veterans CemeteriesVirginia has three veterans cemeteries located in Amelia, Dublin, and Suffolk.Honorably discharged veterans may be buried at no cost, there is a small cost for their eligible family members.Washington State Veterans CemeteryThe Washington State Veterans Cemetery is located in Medical Lake.In general, veterans discharged under conditions other than dishonorable and their spouses and dependent children are eligible for burial. There is no residency requirement.There is no charge for veteran interments, and a one-time fee of $300.00 fee for eligible dependents. All other funeral expenses are borne by the familyWest Virginia State Veterans CemeteryThe Donel C. Kinnard Memorial State Veterans Cemetery is located in Dunbar. Eligibility for burial is the same as for burial in a national cemetery. Burial is free for veterans, spouses and dependent children pay a small feeWisconsin Veterans CemeteriesWisconsin has three veterans cemeteries in King, Spooner, and Union Grove.Honorably discharged Wisconsin resident veterans and their dependents are eligible for burial. There is no fee for the veteran's burial and a small fee for the dependents.Wyoming Veterans CemeteryThe Oregon Trail State Veterans' Cemetery in Evansville is open to every veteran who receives any discharge other than dishonorable.There is no charge for any burial plot, spouses and dependent children may also be eligible for burial.U.S. Virgin Islands Burial Plot and ExpensesA maximum burial allowance of $3,500 and a free burial plot in the local cemeteries is offered to veterans who are residents and entered the military while residing in the Virgin Islands.
Why can't we use activated carbon to absorb pollution?
OK. But carbon dioxide is not pollution. It is an invisible non-polluting gas that makes life on earth possible. If you think the climate issue is about carbon pollution you have been mislead by top lefty leaders like Justin Trudeau, Barack Obama and climate oracle Al Gore who have frequently said the air you breathe out is pollution or as they say carbon pollution.This is a graph of high school level science but vital to all life here.The latest critiques of the unfounded alarmist view that the world faces a climate crisis from a rapidly warming planet comes from hundreds of leading scientists who sign petitions urging governments to back off taking any action in the name of climate change.The petitions identify the errors of the alarmists. Here is such a petition from leading Italian scientists.The full terms of the Italian petition follows -90 Leading Italian Scientists Sign Petition: CO2 Impact On Climate “UNJUSTIFIABLY EXAGGERATED” … Catastrophic Predictions “NOT REALISTIC”By P Gosselin on4. July 2019NOTE: The English version of the petition that follows below is an unpolished translation of the original Italian version. The English version still needs to be polished up a bit, but it fully and accurately conveys the overall thrust of the original Italian version.In 1517, a 33-year-old theology professor at Wittenberg University walked over to the Castle Church in Wittenberg and nailed a paper of 95 theses to the door, hoping to spark an academic discussion about their contents. Source. The same is happening today in Italy concerning climate science as dogma.90 Italian scientists sign petition addressed to Italian leadersTo the President of the RepublicTo the President of the SenateTo the President of the Chamber of DeputiesTo the President of the CouncilPETITION ON GLOBAL ANTHROPGENIC HEATING (Anthropogenic Global Warming, human-caused global warming)The undersigned, citizens and scientists, send a warm invitation to political leaders to adopt environmental protection policies consistent with scientific knowledge.In particular, it is urgent to combat pollution where it occurs, according to the indications of the best science. In this regard, the delay with which the wealth of knowledge made available by the world of research is used to reduce the anthropogenic pollutant emissions widely present in both continental and marine environmental systems is deplorable.But we must be aware that CARBON DIOXIDE IS ITSELF NOT A POLLUTANT. On the contrary, it is indispensable for life on our planet.In recent decades, a thesis has spread that the heating of the Earth’s surface of around 0.9°C observed from 1850 onwards would be anomalous and caused exclusively by human activities, in particular by the emission of CO2 from the use of fossil fuels in the atmosphere.This is the thesis of anthropogenic global warming [Anthropogenic Global Warming] promoted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of the United Nations, whose consequences would be environmental changes so serious as to fear enormous damage in an imminent future, unless drastic and costly mitigation measures are immediately adopted.In this regard, many nations of the world have joined programs to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and are pressured by a intense propaganda to adopt increasingly burdensome programs whose implementation involves heavy burdens on the economies of the individual member states and depend on climate control and, therefore, the “rescue” of the planet.However, the anthropogenic origin of global warming IS AN UNPROVEN HYPOTHESIS, deduced only from some climate models, that is complex computer programs, called General Circulation Models .On the contrary, the scientific literature has increasingly highlighted the existence of a natural climatic variability that the models are not able to reproduce.This natural variability explains a substantial part of global warming observed since 1850.The anthropogenic responsibility for climate change observed in the last century is therefore UNJUSTIFIABLY EXAGGERATED and catastrophic predictions ARE NOT REALISTIC.The climate is the most complex system on our planet, so it needs to be addressed with methods that are adequate and consistent with its level of complexity.Climate simulation models do not reproduce the observed natural variability of the climate and, in particular, do not reconstruct the warm periods of the last 10,000 years. These were repeated about every thousand years and include the well-known Medieval Warm Period , the Hot Roman Period, and generally warm periods during the Optimal Holocene period.These PERIODS OF THE PAST HAVE ALSO BEEN WARMER THAN THE PRESENT PERIOD, despite the CO2 concentration being lower than the current, while they are related to the millennial cycles of solar activity. These effects are not reproduced by the models.It should be remembered that the heating observed since 1900 has actually started in the 1700s, i.e. at the minimum of the Little Ice Age , the coldest period of the last 10,000 years (corresponding to the millennial minimum of solar activity that astrophysicists call Maunder Minimal Solar ). Since then, solar activity, following its millennial cycle, has increased by heating the earth’s surface.Furthermore, the models fail to reproduce the known climatic oscillations of about 60 years.These were responsible, for example, for a warming period (1850-1880) followed by a cooling period (1880-1910), a heating (1910-40), a cooling (1940-70) and a a new warming period (1970-2000) similar to that observed 60 years earlier.The following years (2000-2019) saw the increase not predicted by the models of about 0.2 ° C [two one-hundredths of a degree]per decade, but a substantial climatic stability that was sporadically interrupted by the rapid natural oscillations of the equatorial Pacific ocean, known as the El Nino Southern Oscillations , like the one that led to temporary warming between 2015 and 2016.The media also claim that extreme events, such as hurricanes and cyclones, have increased alarmingly. Conversely, these events, like many climate systems, have been modulated since the aforementioned 60-year cycle.For example, if we consider the official data from 1880 on tropical Atlantic cyclones that hit North America, they appear to have a strong 60-year oscillation, correlated with the Atlantic Ocean’s thermal oscillation called Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation .The peaks observed per decade are compatible with each other in the years 1880-90, 1940-50 and 1995-2005. From 2005 to 2015 the number of cyclones decreased precisely following the aforementioned cycle. Thus, in the period 1880-2015, between number of cyclones (which oscillates) and CO2 (which increases monotonically) there is no correlation.The climate system is not yet sufficiently understood. Although it is true that CO2 is a greenhouse gas, according to the IPCC itself the climate sensitivity to its increase in the atmosphere is still extremely uncertain.It is estimated that a doubling of the concentration of atmospheric CO2, from around 300 ppm pre-industrial to 600 ppm, can raise the average temperature of the planet from a minimum of 1° C to a maximum of 5° C.This uncertainty is enormous.In any case, many recent studies based on experimental data estimate that the climate sensitivity to CO2 is CONSIDERABLY LOWER than that estimated by the IPCC models.Then, it is scientifically unrealistic to attribute to humans the responsibility for warming observed from the past century to today. The advanced alarmist forecasts, therefore, are not credible, since they are based on models whose results contradict the experimental data.All the evidence suggests that these MODELS OVERESTIMATE the anthropogenic contribution and underestimate the natural climatic variability, especially that induced by the sun, the moon, and ocean oscillations.Finally, the media release the message according to which, with regard to the human cause of current climate change, there would be an almost unanimous consensus among scientists that the scientific debate would be closed.However, first of all we must be aware that the scientific method dictates that the facts, and not the number of adherents, make a conjecture a consolidated scientific theory .In any case, the same alleged consensus DOES NOT EXIST. In fact, there is a remarkable variability of opinions among specialists – climatologists, meteorologists, geologists, geophysicists, astrophysicists – many of whom recognize an important natural contribution to global warming observed from the pre-industrial period and even from the post-war period to today.There have also been petitions signed by thousands of scientists who have expressed dissent with the conjecture of anthropogenic global warming.These include the one promoted in 2007 by the physicist F. Seitz, former president of the American National Academy of Sciences, and the one promoted by the Non-governmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), whose 2009 report concludes that “Nature, not the activity of Man governs the climate”.In conclusion, given the CRUCIAL IMPORTANCE THAT FOSSIL FUELS have for the energy supply of humanity, we suggest that they should not adhere to policies of uncritically reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere with THE ILLUSORY PRETENSE OF CONTROLLING THE CLIMATE.http://www.opinione.it/…/redazione_riscaldamento-globale-…/…PROMOTING COMMITTEE:Uberto Crescenti, Emeritus Professor of Applied Geology, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, formerly Rector and President of the Italian Geological Society.Giuliano Panza, Professor of Seismology, University of Trieste, Academician of the Lincei and of the National Academy of Sciences, called of the XL, 2018 International Award of the American Geophysical Union.Alberto Prestininzi, Professor of Applied Geology, La Sapienza University, Rome, formerly Scientific Editor in Chief of the magazine International IJEGE and Director of the Geological Risk Forecasting and Control Research Center.Franco Prodi, Professor of Atmospheric Physics, University of Ferrara.Franco Battaglia, Professor of Physical Chemistry, University of Modena; Galileo Movement 2001.Mario Giaccio, Professor of Technology and Economics of Energy Sources, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, former Dean of the Faculty of Economics.Enrico Miccadei, Professor of Physical Geography and Geomorphology, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara.Nicola Scafetta, Professor of Atmospheric Physics and Oceanography, Federico II University, Naples.SIGNATORIES…. SEE PDFFOLLOW UP OPINION - What now for global climate catastrophe?90 Italian scientists reject global warming in petition to Italian leadersBy YEN MAKABENTAJuly 13, 2019YEN MAKABENTAFirst wordONLY two months away from the convening of a climate action summit in New York, the United Nations has been rocked by news of a petition signed by 90 of Italy’s leading scientists that was sent to the highest Italian leaders.It carried the title “Petition on Anthropogenic Global Warming,” and it was addressed to the president of the Republic, the president of the Senate, the president of the Chamber of Deputies, and the president of the Council.The scientists told the leaders that carbon dioxide’s impact on climate was “unjustifiably exaggerated,” and catastrophic predictions were “not realistic.”The story calls to mind that of another Italian, the great Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), who is acknowledged as the father of the scientific method. He was forced to recant his views during the Inquisition, and then was proved overwhelmingly right…The detailed letter to lawmakers challenges the claim that man is causing catastrophic global warming, and that carbon dioxide emissions are the culprit.The scientists argue that a nation’s policies with regard to global warming should not be based on hysterics but should be “consistent with scientific knowledge.”They state flatly that “the anthropogenic origin of global warming is an unproven hypothesis, deduced only from some climate simulation models.” In other words, the entire catastrophic global warming scare rests on very imprecise and almost invariably wrong simulation models, which cannot account for natural variability.“Natural variability,” in fact, “explains a substantial part of global warming observed since 1850.” It is irresponsible and unrealistic to blame warming on human beings, and further, it’s nonsense to believe all the doom and gloom warnings. The climate simulation models “overestimate the anthropogenic contribution and underestimate the natural climatic variability.”The scientists completely blow up the myth that science is in any way based on a show of hands.They are living proof that “the alleged consensus (on global warming) does not exist.” Their petition itself demonstrates clearly the absence of a scientific consensus on the matter.The list of signers includes professors of physics, atmospheric physics, physical chemistry, natural sciences, environmental engineering, astronomy, applied geology, volcanology, meteorology and climatology, oceanography, satellite interferometry, hydrogeology, and probability and mathematical statistics. In other words, they are outstanding and highly credentialed scientists. They know what they are talking about.Will UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres answer them? What happens now to his forecast of global climate catastrophe?The ship of climate change is sinking.yenmakabenta@yahoo.comCredit belongs to : www.manilatimes.netPHOTO OF AUSTRALIAN SKI BUS SHOWING MASSIVE SNOWFALL THIS SUMMERThe earth is cooling not warming and since we are in an ice age called the Quaternary why would fear warming? It makes no sense when you look out your kitchen window even if you are in Hawaii, New Zealand or Chile you will see no warming.“Waves of mid-winter cold to blast across eastern two-thirds of USBy Jake Sojda, AccuWeather meteorologistUpdated Nov. 4, 2019 10:36 AMAfter an already cold start to the month from the northern Plains to the Northeast, even colder air is set to blast into the East. The first shot of deepening cold will be ushered in by a storm bringing soaking rain to portions of the South and disruptive snow to portions of the Northeast.During the first couple of days of next week, most of the eastern two-thirds of nation could be 10-20 degrees below normal for mid-November."A widespread killing freeze is likely to end the growing season across much of the South early next week," said AccuWeather Senior Meteorologist Dan Kottlowski.Subfreezing low temperatures could stretch all the way to the central Gulf Coast. People in a huge swath all the way from the Dakotas to northern Texas, eastward to the Carolina coast and through the Northeast will likely wake up Tuesday morning to temperatures in the teens and 20s.The most intense cold, with low temperatures in the single digits and even some subzero readings, coupled with gusty winds, will focus on the northern Plains Monday morning, before shifting to the Great Lakes and interior Northeast Tuesday morning."While the extreme cold is expected to give way to a milder pattern to close out November, it may take until the third week of November to clear out the well below-normal temperatures from the northern Plains through the Great Lakes," AccuWeather Lead Long-Range Meteorologist Paul Pastelok said.https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/waves-of-midwinter-cold-to-blast-across-eastern-two-thirds-of-us/613638″Winters are earlier and more harsh with record snowfall around the world while Co2 levels rise. This weather makes false the whole attack on fossil fuels making the climate too hot as predicted by alarmists.The actual weather is far colder as today’s chart shows than the fake climate models of the alarmists.MEDIA STORIES FROM AROUND THE WORLD PAINT THE PICTURE OF A COOLING CLIMATE.© CFHT Telescope webcamBuilding instability and moisture are resulting in extensive fog, ice and high humidity at the summit, forecasters say. Ice and snow can already be seen on observatory webcams.Ice is starting to cover the summit of Mauna Kea on Tuesday afternoon.Observatory webcams show snow and fog surrounding the telescopes at the 13,000 ft level of the mountain.October snow falling on Mauna Kea summit in Hawaii -- Sott.net“Minus 45 degrees in October? An Arctic blast is breaking records across western and central USDoyle RiceUSA TODAYPublished October 30, 2019Minus 45 degrees in October? An Arctic blast is breaking records across western and central US“The calendar may say October but the weather is more typical of January in portions of the western and central U.S."A wave of Arctic air has infiltrated the northern tier of the United States this week, shattering record lows, and threatening as many as 70 (other record lows) through Halloween," AccuWeather said.Subzero cold was recorded as far south as the Grand Canyon on Wednesday morning, the Weather Channel said. Big Piney, Wyoming, plunged to minus 24 degrees before sunrise Wednesday.Notorious cold spot Peter Sinks, Utah, dipped to an incredible minus 45 degrees early Wednesday. This appeared to be the coldest October temperature on record anywhere in the Lower 48 states, according to Utah-based meteorologist Timothy Wright.High temperatures Wednesday were forecast to be 30 to 50 degrees below normal across Colorado, Texas and the central Plains, according to meteorologist Ryan Maue of BAM Weather. “Denver's low temperature Thursday morning could come within a few degrees of the city's all-time coldest October temperature of minus 2 degrees, the Weather Channel said.The biting cold air for this time of year is being funneled southward from Canada into the western and central United States by a southward plunge of the jet stream, the Weather Channel reported. That dip in the jet stream will slowly migrate eastward late in the week, taking the colder air with it.By Friday, while the intensity of the cold will ease, even the Gulf Coast and Eastern Seaboard will see a switch to chilly weather, the Capital Weather Gang said. Highs will hover only in the 50s from Friday through the weekend in cities such as Washington, Philadelphia and New York.”Extreme Weather GSMExtreme Weather GSM“THE CONTINENTAL U.S. JUST SET IT’S COLDEST-EVER OCTOBER TEMPERATURE, BREAKING THE PREVIOUS RECORD FROM 1917OCTOBER 29, 2019 CAP ALLONThe western U.S. was blasted by a yet ANOTHER brutal Arctic air mass yesterday, Oct 28, with this one delivering the COLDEST TEMPERATURE EVER RECORDED IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES.Peter Sinks, Utah –east of Logan– broke the Lower-48’s cold temperature record for the month of October on Monday morning with a staggering reading of minus 35 degrees.The area is know for it’s cold temperatures thanks to its high elevation (8,164 ft) as well as its unique topography, said Chicago meteorologist Tom Skilling.“It is a basin a half mile (804.67 meters) in diameter with no outlet, like a large bowl. Cold air collects in the basin on clear, calm nights,” Skilling said. “Very low temperatures can occur there, especially during outbreaks of arctic air in the winter.”The weather station located at the bottom of the sink took the -35F (-37.2C) reading at approximately 6:15AM on Monday morning, Oct 28 — beating-out the previous record low of -33F (-36.1C) set way back in 1917 (just after weak solar cycle 14, which was similar to the cycle we’ve just experienced, 24).Forgive me but I’d like to type it again, the Lower-48 just broke it’s coldest-ever temperature record for the month of October. And in addition, and perhaps even more astonishingly, the record may not even last that long — another all-time low mark is expected to be reached overnight Wednesday.Brutal Arctic air will continue to be funneled southwards from Canada by a dominant meridional (wavy) jet stream flow, which itself is associated with historically low solar activity.“That dip in the jet stream will slowly migrate eastward late in the week taking the colder air with it,” reports the Weather Channel.”
- Home >
- Catalog >
- Life >
- Handicraft Template >
- Numbers Templates >
- Number Cards Templates >
- printable numbers 1-50 >
- South Dakota Tier Ii Reporting