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The AAP has taken many initiatives that will signal towards positive changes when successfully implemented. I think it is a little too early to talk about changes brought about that can be said to have had any major notable economic or social impact.I've followed the Delhi Diary link provided by Nisha Punjabi's answer before and must say it is one of the most useful professional sources to follow AAP's initiatives in various areas. The information is well presented with third party sources for every claim, though categorization could be improved. But if one is patient enough to go through the many points listed on this website, one will realize that the AAP is indeed here to make a difference and the change is already happening.There are also a number of other blogs and facebook pages which list out and discuss developments from time to time by enthusiastic followers.If you are to talk about achievements, here are the words of AAP Deputy CM Manish Sisodia in response to the changes his govt. has tried to bring about:We started by making water and power cheaper. This month has been largely about giving directions and making systemic changes. We carried out excise raids. In the first 15 days, the excise revenue went up by 26%. That is insignificant since it is data of only 15 days and the raids were just one of the factors but for us it is an achievement. Then we made the ration system completely transparent. All theft in this department takes place in the making of cards. Now everything is on the website. Anyone can check when and how many ration cards have been made daily. We have visited 20 sites for schools so far where we can immediately start construction work. We set up the Delhi Dialogue Commission. The anti-corruption helpline will be launched shortly. We have put up certain issues of the revenue department online like application for certificates. The financial power of officers has been increased.And here is a small (though incomplete) list of a few of the AAP initiatives that interested and impressed me as a non-Delhi-ite and these initiatives are sure to prove that this government is here to make a difference. The notable thing about AAP is that despite being a new political entrant, the width and range of issues the AAP has tried to tackle with wise decision making is quite impressive if not yet proved effective.1. Environment and PollutionDelhi's environmental problems are no big secret whether it is the water problems or the issue of pollution. The initiatives taken by the AAP government to remedy this situation are surely commendable though a lot remains to be done and these initiatives can provide immeasurable benefits if implemented successfully:Delhi government to plant 14 lakh saplings in national capital in 2015-16 - The Economic TimesIn the wake of rising pollution levels in the city, this is a part of the Aam Aadmi Party's action plan to make New Delhi green and clean'. a meeting chaired by Environment Minister Asim Ahmed Khan took the decision, with various departments and corporations of the Delhi government, officials of the three Municipal Corporations, DJB, NDMC, CPWD and Delhi Parks and Garden Society also in attendance. The ministry has also decided to convene a meeting of concerned officers from the Delhi Cantonment Board, Indian Railways, and Delhi Development Authority to assess the availability of land and open areas to increase the green in the national capital and proposes to take stock of plantations in existing areas with a view to increase them to ensure densification of green cover in the city.Crackdown on open burning of leaves, garbageDespite a ban on burning biomass waste, no FIR has been registered against the offence by any civic body since the ban was imposed in 1998. The garbage trucks come only in the morning and collect household waste only. The waste that is collected from the sweeping the roads have to be disposed of somewhere and hence it is burned openly by private sweepers. The govt. has decided to tackle this problem through strict measures to be taken against the illegal damaging activities but the results should define how well these moves help the city's environment.Arvind Kejriwal discusses revitalization of Yamuna, beautification of banksClean up Yamuna bank or pay from pocket: NGT to officialsDDA will install cameras at 26 spots along Yamuna to stop debris dumpingA month after the National Green Tribunal (NGT) issued orders to the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) to protect the Yamuna river belt, the authority has decided to install 100 CCTV cameras at 26 identified locations where debris is regularly dumped. Additionally, two quick reaction teams (QRTs) will keep a round-the-clock watch along the river belt and, according to the NGT’s orders, individuals found dumping garbage will be fined.2. Swaraj or Decentralized governanceThe idea that initially discussed by Kejriwal in his book 'Swaraj', the same idea that got the AAP started out in Delhi is not to be sidelined for more important issues. The Delhi government has begun acting on CM Arvind Kejriwal promise that the city’s people will have a role in making the budget for this year.The government has now identified 12 constituencies from where citizens’ suggestions for utilization of funds will be sought. Each of the 12 constituencies, divided in 40 parts, will be given Rs 20 crore. people in each part can come and say how the Rs 50 lakh allotted should be used. The demand will be met on the spot with administrative approval and financial sanction. Citizens to get spending power worth crores in people’s budgetIn the words of Manish Sisodia:There will definitely be a vote-on-account and the budget will come by May-end. This budget will be quite different. We will make it with inputs from the assembly constituencies. This time we will start a pilot project in which one budget each will be made from all 11 districts. People will make this budget. There will be no need to get it sanctioned from anywhere after that and funds will be cleared by the assembly constituency. We will fix some amount and guidelines. These will address basic local needs. By next year, or soon enough, we hope to have such a budget for all 70 assemblies.3. Education & EmploymentAAP govt to set up Innovative University for youths in DelhiIn a first of its kind, the Aam Aadmi Party has planned to build an Innovative Vocational University in Delhi in order to make all youths employable in the city. The Minister, however, said that this project is now in an initial stage and consultation with experts from different fields is going on.And what other better way to improve education in govt. schools than to start recognizing the importance of and improving the teachers and institutions?Delhi's education system needs to be overhauled: Manish SisodiaGovt school teachers get crash course in value educationAAP launches app to get students’ feedback on government schools in capitalManish Sisodia suspends school principal after surprise visitDelhi's Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia walked unannounced into a state government run school in the heart of Delhi, acting on a complaint that bills were being forged and payments being made to teachers who do not exist.4. HealthAre city hospitals treating EWS patients? Surprise checks on cardsThe Health department will be conducting random checks to review if treatment norms for EWS (economically-weaker sections) are being followed by designated private hospitals in the city. Health minister Satyendra Jain said the department will be checking treatment facilities provided and the profile of patients visiting the hospitals to ensure that only people who qualify for free treatment were seeking the facilities.5. The Free Water IssueAs debatable and controversial as this decision is, a good argument for why AAP believes water should not become a profit-making commodity is quite acceptable. The Aam Aadmi Party believes that access to quality water is a basic right. It is the duty of the government to provide its citizens basic amenities like lifeline water. We want to emphasize that water is essential for sustaining life/ living a dignified life. A lot of contagious diseases are spread through water. If all citizens are not provided safe drinking water, consequences can be huge. Epidemics can cause a government thousands of crores. If people are not provided at least lifeline drinking water, those who cannot afford will steal it or use unsafe water.Further explained and justified in Water and Electricity policy of AAP: First 50 days.6. The Free Electricity IssueAam Aadmi party categorically said that they are not against high electricity prices, but against the corruption behind high electricity prices. The Party said that subsidy for reducing electricity prices is only a temporary solution. Delhi government ordered CAG audit of discoms and it is expected that discrepancy will be revealed and electricity prices will automatically come down.And while we all await the results of the CAG Audit, an interesting politics unfolds surrounding the power sector. Power ShiftThe issue and direction the party is taking is further discussed in Water and Electricity policy of AAP: First 50 days.7. Other issues the AAP is trying to affect:Unauthorized Colonies - Kejriwal vows to regularise 495 unauthorised coloniesThe Corruption Hotline - Call 1031 to report corruption and you can call yourself VikramOpposing the Land Takeover Bill - AAP to protest against land takeover bill on April 22 & Why AAP Opposes the Land Acquisition Ordinance: Part-IThe Net Neutrality Debate - Aam Aadmi Party implores citizens of India to #SaveTheInternet and TRAI to maintain #NetNeutralityThe Vegetable Pricing - Government takes stock of rising veggie prices

The job market today is stronger than ever. One of the fastest-growing professions in the US and around the world today is project management. According to the Project Management Institute (PMI), there should be around 22 million new project management job openings from now through 2027. Because there’s increased competition, employers are looking for more ways to qualify a project manager apart from the usual requirements of having years of experience and education. This comes in the form of the Project Management Professional certification. Project managers who are PMP certified earn greater than 20% more than their counterparts who are not certified. The PMP certification shows employers that the holder has the necessary experience, knowledge, and skills to carry out a project to completion. This is why now is the perfect time to get PMP certified through doing the PMP exam.Before the PMP certification exam can be taken, each applicant must complete an application made by the PMI. The PMI asks for a lot of information which makes the process very stressful to complete. Luckily, the application can be done online. To do this, the applicant will first register on the PMI website and complete their application. The reason for joining the website and becoming a PMI member is to save money for signing up for the PMP exam. The cost for members in taking the computerized test is $405, while for non-members the cost is $555. Being a member also gives you access to free electronic copies of the Salary Report and the PMBOK® Guide.The application must be done accurately. One common mistake that applicants make is misconstruing what a ‘project’ is. Also, many applicants confuse what the requirements are. The requirements depend heavily on what the applicant’s educational background is, and there are two paths one can take based on this. In path 1, the applicant has a secondary degree such as a high school diploma, associate’s degree, or a global equivalent. They will have a minimum of five years of unique non-overlapping project management experience with at least 7,500 hours spent leading the project. In path 2, the applicant has a four-year degree such as a bachelor’s degree or a global equivalent. They will have a minimum of three years of experience of unique non-overlapping professional project management experience with at least 4,500 hours spent leading the project. In both paths, the applicant will need 35 contact hours of formal PMP training.In this post, we will speak on the PMP certification application process, and what you will need to get certified. But first, let’s talk about PMP and what it’s all about.About the PMP CertificationThe Project Management Professional certification is a credential that signifies to employers and clients that the holder has the necessary skills and experience in carrying a project to completion. Project management is a growing profession in many corners around the globe, and project managers are in high demand in many fields such as tech, government, defense, finance, banking, construction, etc. With this high demand, employers are willing to pay more for a PMP certified project manager. Professionals who have a PMP certification are set to earn around 20% more than those without the certification.The Project Management Institute, or PMI, developed the PMP certification to give project management professionals a way to show employers that they have the necessary skills to bring a project to fruition. Unlike many other certifications in fields such as finance and information technology, a PMP certification is industry-agnostic, meaning that you can use it in just about any field such as finance, government, defense, tech, etc.The textbook for the PMP certification program is the PMBOK® Guide. PMBOK® stands for Project Management Body of Knowledge®, and it was first published in 1996 as a set of rules to show how best to manage individual projects. This guide is seen as the Bible of PMP and contains all the rules, guidelines, principles, and methods that make a PMP certified project manager great. These rules and guidelines are universal, meaning no matter where you are in the world, getting a PMP certification will get you ahead right where you are.More reasons to get PMP certifiedWhether you want to admit it or not, money is one of the biggest motivators in determining the career path that you take. And for many people getting PMP certified, a bump in salary is a reason to set aside a week in preparing for and taking the PMP exam. There are indeed so many other reasons why project managers and others get PMP certified, but it doesn’t hurt that PMP certified project managers earn 20% more than their peers. Getting certified also comes with other perks, including networking opportunities, as the PMI regularly puts on events through their various chapters. Another great thing about the PMP certification is that it respects and acknowledges the fast-paced and dynamism of today’s job market. Every three years a certified person must take the necessary steps to earn professional development units (PDUs).Now that we have defined what PMP is and looked into its background, we can look at the steps in making sure that your PMP certification application is completely foolproof. Here is the essential guide to the PMP application process.Validate Your HistoryPMI requires that all applicants first gather all the details related to their experience and education before opening the application. To show that you have performed as a project manager in the past, you should show that you have led and/or directed teams to complete and deliver projects within a set duration, budgets, and scope. The prospective PMP applicant should also show that they were able to apply the best approaches to manage a project to fulfill all requirements and deliverables. A good project management professional would be able to work well under supervision but also be a great supervisor in managing their team.Here is a list of the things that the application form will ask you about:Contact information, such as your email address, your physical address, and telephone number.The highest education level attained, including the school attended and the date of graduation.All experiences gained. This section contains details of the projects, programs, organization details, dates of employment, experience summary, and references.Education, meaning how you were trained for the PMP course. The application will ask for the name of the courses that were completed, institutions attended, dates attended, and qualifying hours.Describe Your ExperienceIn the application process, the form will ask you to outline all the project management experience that you’ve had. You will be asked to outline in detail each project that you managed professionally. The description will have:A brief summary of what the project was aboutThe responsibilities and deliverables of the projectSummary of how the project endedMake sure that when you are filling out your application you seek the help of your superiors and ensure that you are all on the same page. This is very important in cases where there is an audit. The PMI team will verify with your employers the hours that you put for each project that you claimed to do. If the team sees that what you said is different from what your employer said, they will be more likely to reject your application. It is advised that you do not submit your application until you get a signature from your employers on each project that you have claimed to do.Just like a job resume, quality is better than quantity. This means that you will want to put your best foot forward, showing them the best projects that will make you look good. Yes, getting to 4500 hours as a bachelor’s degree holder or 7500 hours as an associate’s degree or diploma holder is difficult, but it doesn’t make sense to display projects that didn’t go well just to make up for the hours. It’s recommended that you start with the larger projects first as that will save you some time if there’s an audit.The Steps of Describing Your ExperienceWhen you are doing this section of the application, the first thing to do is to give a title to the project. Most projects will have a discernible name, so you could simply fill in the project name in this area. After this, you’ll be asked about your project role. Many make the mistake of putting a title that is not PMI related. Terms that are PMI related include project leader, project manager, and project coordinator. If your job title is different than this, do not put it here. If a role name wasn’t given to you, it’s best to speak to your supervisor to determine what PMI-related term best suited you when leading that project.After this, you will give your application some credence by placing the name of your immediate supervisor on the form. After this comes the most important section of showing off your experience. When calculating and adding time, you will add your hours under these headings: Initiating the Project, Planning the Project, Executing the Project, Controlling and Monitoring the Project, and Closing the Project. It’s best to do everything offline before you put it into the application, so use a notebook or a spreadsheet to determine your hours before putting them in.When writing the project description, ensure that you include a brief description of the project, its objectives, the key deliverables, the outcome of the project, and your role in carrying out the project. Ensure that you use PMI terms in your project description and that you convey what project management really is. Some terms that will help in writing a great project description include ‘project charter’, ‘scope’, ‘project deliverables’, ‘schedule’, ‘quality management’, etc. Having these terms will ensure that PMI doesn’t ask you to rewrite your project description.PMP EducationTo qualify for the PMP exam, you will need at least 35 hours of formal PMP training. Many professionals choose to go to a Registered Education Provider (R.E.P) like PMTI. R.E.P.s are designated by PMI to denote institutions that have the highest caliber of project management training. Others choose to go to other institutions that primarily teach PMP or teach it on a secondary basis.Application ReviewWhen PMI receives the application, they will verify that all eligibility criteria have been met. Eligibility criteria include your work experience as a project management professional and your education. After completing the application process, it will take about 5 days for PMI to review your application on its completeness. Once they decide that your application is complete, they will send an email asking you to pay the PMP Certification fee which you can pay online. Also, you will be confirming the language aid during this time. The language aid is provided to those whose native tongue is not English. In the exam, it will translate the question on the same page as the English version. Many applicants overlook this part of the application process, so you must lookout for it. Language aids are available in these languages: Arabic, Chinese (Traditional and Simplified), French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Turkish.PMI runs its own quality control processes to ensure the integrity of their selection process. For the PMP certification, they randomly select a specified percentage of applications to audit. After review, the student can decide to pay for the PMP exam right away. If you are not selected for an audit, you will be sent instructions to set a date for when you will be taking the PMP exam. Eligibility lasts for a year, and the student can take the test up to three times for the year.The AuditIt doesn’t matter how well you do your application, you must be prepared for an audit because applicants are selected randomly. If your application is one of the chosen applications for an audit, you will have 90 days to submit the material that they ask for. Some documents that are often asked for in an audit include copies of your diploma or degree. Depending on the case, you may or may not be suspended from applying again for a certain period of time.To be thoroughly prepared, ensure that you have on hand all documents that support your claims to education, project management education, and work experience. When speaking to your superiors during the process of verifying your work experience, ask them for any documents they may have which you could use to back-up your claims during an audit.Other TipsWhen writing the project description, it is best to start with the objective of the project. They should then end with the result of the project.Many applicants believe that showing that they overwork will get their applications approved faster. Nothing could be further from the truth. The truth is, PMI will look at your work-life balance. It is best to only allow 40 hours for each workweek, as they may ask you to redo this section if you surpass this limit.Always be honest in your application. If you believe you are going to come up short, it is best to wait until you have the necessary experience than to stretch the truth. If your application is selected for an audit and they find that you were not truthful, you may not be able to apply for the certification ever again.Double, triple, and even quadruple check the information you put into your application. It is imperative that what you put there is 100% accurate. PMI offers a feature for you to print a hard copy of your application. Doing this will give you the ability to share what you have written down with your superiors and colleagues so that they can verify the information with you.Look through the PMBOK® Guide or use study aids to help you learn important terms and subjects that PMI cares about. In this way, you can make your application even stronger.Read PMI’s Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct before you submit the form. It’s almost human nature in this day and age to skip reading these documents and say you’ve read them just to advance to the next step, but this document, in particular, has facets that you will be tested on in the PMP exam.ConclusionWe have thoroughly gone over everything you need to know about the PMP application process. We’ve gone over the steps that you will take, the hurdles you will encounter while applying, the important fields you must fill out in the application form, and what happens after you have submitted the form. Here at PMTI, we have consulting services that you can use to help you determine if you are ready to apply for the PMP exam, and if not, what are the things you will need to be ready. PMI requires that you have 35 hours of formal PMP training, and the best way to get your hours in is through us at PMTI. For 16 years we have helped tens of thousands of project management professionals complete and pass the PMP exam. In that time, we have managed to maintain a 99% pass rate. We are so sure that you will succeed with us, that we are willing to refund you all of your tuition with us if you failed all 3 attempts at passing the PMP exam. With this guide, you are now able to confidently start the process for a brighter future as a project management professional.

There’s a legal road map that got us to this point, and anyone speculating on this should understand how we got here.First, the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) holds that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act applies to LGBT people, and they have for some time.EEOC interprets and enforces Title VII's prohibition of sex discrimination as forbidding any employment discrimination based on gender identity or sexual orientation. These protections apply regardless of any contrary state or local laws.Through investigation, conciliation, and litigation of charges by individuals against private sector employers, as well as hearings and appeals for federal sector workers, the Commission has taken the position that existing sex discrimination provisions in Title VII protect lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) applicants and employees against employment bias. The Commission has obtained approximately $6.4 million in monetary relief for individuals, as well as numerous employer policy changes, in voluntary resolutions of LGBT discrimination charges under Title VII since data collection began in 2013. A growing number of court decisions have endorsed the Commission's interpretation of Title VII.[1]How did the EEOC arrive at this conclusion? What case law supports their position?It starts from a 1989 case involving sex stereotypesPrice Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228 (1989). The Supreme Court recognized that employment discrimination based on sex stereotypes (e.g., assumptions and/or expectations about how persons of a certain sex should dress, behave, etc.) is unlawful sex discrimination under Title VII. Price Waterhouse had denied Ann Hopkins a promotion in part because other partners at the firm felt that she did not act as woman should act. She was told, among other things, that she needed to "walk more femininely, talk more femininely, [and] dress more femininely" in order to secure a partnership. Id. at 230-31, 235. The Court found that this constituted evidence of sex discrimination as "[i]n the . . . context of sex stereotyping, an employer who acts on the basis of a belief that a woman cannot be aggressive, or that she must not be, has acted on the basis of gender." Id. at 250. The Court further explained that Title VII's "because of sex" provision strikes at the "entire spectrum of disparate treatment of men and women resulting from sex stereotypes."[2]Effectively, the Supreme Court interpreted Title VII of the Civil Rights Act to protect employees from disparate treatment on the basis of expectations of how their sex should behave.In 2004, the Supreme Court again visited the question of Sex Stereotypes, this time with regard to Transgender people specifically. While previous decisions may not have supported transgender individuals, in 2004, the Supreme Court felt that the decision rendered in Price Waterhouse v Hopkins provided support for the argument that transgender people are protected by Title VII.Smith v. City of Salem, 378 F.3d 566 (6th Cir. 2004). The plaintiff alleged that he was suspended based on sex after he began to express a more feminine appearance and notified his employer that he would eventually undergo a complete physical transformation from male to female. The court held that Title VII prohibits discrimination against transgender individuals based on gender stereotyping. The court determined that discrimination against an individual for gender-nonconforming behavior violates Title VII irrespective of the cause of the behavior. The court reasoned that the "narrow view" of the term "sex" in prior case law denying Title VII protection to transgender employees was "eviscerated" by Price Waterhouse, in which the Supreme Court held that Title VII protected a woman who failed to conform to social expectations about how women should look and behave.[3]At this point, you would think that the case becomes fairly open and shut, a matter of settled case law. After all, the Supreme Court already ruled in Smith v. City of Salem that Title VII applies to Transgender employees.Well… not so fast. The current court recently signaled in Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt that previous precedent may not be binding. It is rare that the court overturns precedents, in fact, it’s only done so approximately 140 times since 1851.[4]So, in the current context, while existing case law supports the rights of transgender employees, the Supreme Court could certainly overturn Smith v. City of Salem.Why might they do so and what would the grounds of that be?My hunch is that the argument in favor of overturning Smith v. City of Salem will come from an originalist[5] point of view. To the originalist, Title VII explicitly refers to sex, not to sexual orientation or gender identity. Originalists may point at a number of states who have passed non-discrimination laws that explicitly protect both sexual orientation and gender identity in addition to sex as proof that the concepts are recognized as being separate from sex. They may argue that if Title VII is intended to apply to those separate categories, the law would need to be amended to include that verbiage.The argument, however, runs into some shaky ground. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not define sex. No federal law exists to do so. There are, however, federal processes in place for transgender citizens to update ‘gender markers’ on both their Social Security record and their Passport. In many states, transgender Americans are able to update either their driver’s license or birth certificate (or both) to reflect their gender identity. From that perspective, transgender citizens can make an argument that their gender identity is their legally recognized sex, and that identity documents confirm that. For transgender Americans who have not yet updated their identity documents, one could also argue that a stated intention to update their sex designation on a legal document using a currently supported legal process would also amount to discrimination on the basis of sex, whether or not the employee had completed the process of updating their identification or not.So, what’s my personal guess?Legal precedent favors applying Title VII to transgender individuals. The current composition of the court, however, may be less interested in precedent than previous courts. My cynical prediction is that we’ll at the very least see Smith v. City of Salem overturned. It would be a sad day for transgender citizens, opening wide a door to discrimination across much of the country. The court could, of course, go further and impact Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins. If they do that, it opens wide the door to discrimination against not just transgender people, but anyone who doesn’t conform to their employer’s ideas about how men and women should act. That… that would be a truly terrifying ruling to see and I for one hope it isn’t one that comes to pass.Footnotes[1] EEOC and Enforcement Protections for LGBT Workers[2] Examples of Court Decisions Holding LGBT-Related Discrimination Actionable Under Title VII[3] Examples of Court Decisions Holding LGBT-Related Discrimination Actionable Under Title VII[4] Staring Down 'Stare Decisis': How to Ask SCOTUS to Overturn Precedent | National Law Journal[5] Originalism - Wikipedia