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Lumen is an open-source PHP based micro-framework created by Taylor Otwell in 2015. Lumen is designed for building lightning fast micro-services and APIs. And it opts for maximum speed rather than flexibility in the bootstrapping process. The PHP micro-framework was born out of the need to have light Laravel installations that could be faster than existing PHP micro-frameworks such as Slim and Silex.Lumen Features And ArchitectureLumen utilizes the Illuminate components that power the Laravel framework. One amazing thing about the way Lumen was built is the fact that you can painlessly upgrade right into Laravel. One of such scenarios where an upgrade process is applicable is when you discover that you need more features out of the box that Lumen doesn’t offer.Routing: Lumen provides routing out of the box via Fast Route. Fast Route is a library that provides a fast implementation of a regular expression based router.Authentication: Lumen does not support session state. However, incoming requests are authenticated via a stateless mechanism such as tokens.Caching: Lumen supports caching just like Laravel. In fact, there are no differences between using the cache in Lumen and Laravel. Cache drivers such as Database, Memcached, and Redis are supported. You will need to install the illuminate/redis package via Composer before using a Redis cache with Lumen.Errors and Logging: Lumen ships with the Monolog library, which provides support for various log handlers.Queuing: Lumen provides a queuing service that is similar to Laravel’s. It provides a unified API across a variety of different queue back-ends.Events: Lumen’s events provide a simple observer implementation, allowing you to subscribe and listen for events in your application.The entire bootstrap process is located in a single file.Lumen Key RequirementsIn order to use Lumen, you need to have the following tools installed on your machine.PHP: Make sure PHP is installed on your machine. PHP >= 7.0. Furthermore, ensure that the following PHP extensions are installed. OpenSSL, PDO and Mbstring.Composer: Navigate to the composer website and install it on your machine. Composer is needed to install Lumen’s dependencies.You’ll also need familiarity with database concepts, and working knowledge of PHP.Note: You’ll need MySQL for this tutorial. Navigate to the mysql website and install the community server edition. If you are using a Mac, I’ll recommend following these instructions. To avoid micromanaging from the terminal, I’ll also recommend installing a MySQL GUI, Sequel Pro.Building a Fast Authors API Rapidly With LumenAt Auth0, we have a number of technical writers, otherwise known as authors. A directive has been given to developing an app to manage Auth0 authors. The frontend app will be built with ReactJS. However, it needs to pull data from a source and also push to it. Yes, we need an API!This is what we need the API to do:Get all authors.Get one author.Add a new author.Edit an author.Delete an author.Let’s flesh out the possible endpoints for this API. Given some authors resource, we’ll have the following endpoints:Get all authors - GET /api/authorsGet one author - GET /api/authors/23Create an author - POST /api/authorsEdit an author - PUT /api/authors/23Delete an author - DELETE /api/authors/23What will be the author attributes? Let’s flesh it out like we did the endpoints.Author: name, email, twitter, github, location, and latest_article_published.Install LumenRun the following command in your terminal to create a new project with Lumen:composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/lumen authors cd into the newly created project.cd authors Now, run php -S localhost:8000 -t public to serve the project. Head over to your browser. You should see the index page like so:Authors IndexActivate Eloquent and FacadesAs I mentioned earlier, the entire bootstrap process is located in a single file. Open up the bootstrap/app.phpand uncomment this line, // app->withEloquent. Once uncommented, Lumen hooks the Eloquent ORM with your database as configured in the .env file.Make sure you set the right details for your database in the .env file.In addition uncomment this line //$app->withFacades(); . Once uncommented, we can make use of Facadesin our project.Setup Database, Models and MigrationsAt the time of this writing, Lumen supports four database systems: MySQL, Postgres, SQLite, and SQL Server. We are making use of MySQL in this tutorial. First, we’ll create a migration for the Authors table.Migrations are like version control for your database, allowing your team to easily modify and share the application’s database schema.Run the command below in the terminal to create the Authors table migration:php artisan make:migration create_authors_table The new migration will be placed in your database/migrations directory. Each migration file name contains a timestamp which allows Lumen to determine the order of the migrations. Next, we’ll modify the recently created migration to accommodate the Authors attributes.Open up the migration file and modify it like so:<?php  use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema; use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint; use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;  class CreateAuthorsTable extends Migration {  /**  * Run the migrations.  *  * @return void  */  public function up()  {  Schema::create('authors', function (Blueprint $table) {  $table->increments('id');  $table->string('name');  $table->string('email');  $table->string('github');  $table->string('twitter');  $table->string('location');  $table->string('latest_article_published');  $table->timestamps();  });  }   /**  * Reverse the migrations.  *  * @return void  */  public function down()  {  Schema::dropIfExists('authors');  } } In the code above, we added the columns to the authors table.Now, go ahead and run the migration like so:php artisan migrate Check your database. You should have the authors and migrations table present.Let’s create the Author model. Create an app/Author.php file and add the code below to it:app/Author.php<?php  namespace App;  use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;  class Author extends Model {   /**  * The attributes that are mass assignable.  *  * @var array  */  protected $fillable = [  'name', 'email', 'github', 'twitter', 'location', 'latest_article_published'  ];   /**  * The attributes excluded from the model's JSON form.  *  * @var array  */  protected $hidden = []; } In the code above, we made the author attributes mass assignable.Set up RoutesRouting is straight-forward. Open up routes/web.php and modify it like so:<?php  /* |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Application Routes |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Here is where you can register all of the routes for an application. | It is a breeze. Simply tell Lumen the URIs it should respond to | and give it the Closure to call when that URI is requested. | */  $router->get('/', function () use ($router) {  return $router->app->version(); });  $router->group(['prefix' => 'api'], function () use ($router) {  $router->get('authors', ['uses' => 'AuthorController@showAllAuthors']);   $router->get('authors/{id}', ['uses' => 'AuthorController@showOneAuthor']);   $router->post('authors', ['uses' => 'AuthorController@create']);   $router->delete('authors/{id}', ['uses' => 'AuthorController@delete']);   $router->put('authors/{id}', ['uses' => 'AuthorController@update']); }); In the code above, we have abstracted the functionality for each route into a controller, AuthorController. Route groups allow you to share route attributes, such as middleware or namespaces, across a large number of routes without needing to define those attributes on each individual route. Therefore, every route will have a prefix of /api. Next, let’s create the Author Controller.Read more ☞ http://on.geeklearn.net/336ec91b9b