State Of Oklahoma Supreme Court Of Oklahoma Solicitation: Fill & Download for Free

Yes. Citizenship in a State is not the be-all-and-end-all of personal jurisdiction, though in general a state court has general jurisdiction over the citizens of that State.“Personal jurisdiction” is the power of the court to make a decision applying to in individual party. Lack of personal jurisdiction can be raised as a defense, typically as a preliminary objection. A defendant can consent to jurisdiction. Failure to raise the issue will be deemed such consent. If you have been sued, consult a lawyer admitted to that court immediately to find out what procedural rights you might have. Even if jurisdiction does properly lie, you may have rights to change venue or to ask the case be dismissed for forum non conveniens which is pretty much what it sounds like.It is not necessary to examine whether jurisdiction applies to the plaintiff; a plaintiff submits to the court’s jurisdiction (sometimes in a way limited to the immediate action) by pursuing relief in the court. The court will not refuse to decide a matter because the plaintiff is non-resident.Foreign courts may sometimes hale defendants as well. This is called in legal jargon “long-arming” because “the long arm of the law” should reach a defendant in certain situations. Sometimes non-residency will be a defense to being sued in a particular court, but not always.In the United States, the general idea is “minimum contacts” as set forth in a famous case called International Shoe Co. v. State of Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945). Generally, the context is that the totality of the defendant’s conduct should make it reasonable that they might expect to be accountable for it in a particular jurisdiction with which they have such contacts—“fair play and substantial justice.”¹ In International Shoe, the state of Washington was permitted to levy unemployment taxes on an out-of-state corporate defendant who employed salesmen in the state, and to sue it in Washington state court to recover them, although it did not maintain stock of goods in Washington. In Hanson v. Denckla, the Court put it thus:The unilateral activity of those who claim some relationship with a nonresident defendant cannot satisfy the requirement of contact with the forum State. The application of that rule will vary with the quality and nature of the defendant's activity, but it is essential in each case that there be some act by which the defendant purposefully avails itself of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum State, thus invoking the benefits and protections of its laws.357 U.S. 235, 253 (1958).In 1980, in World Wide Volkswagen v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, the Supreme Court considered the application of this standard to a case where the plaintiffs, New York residents on their way to move to Arizona, were in a car accident in Oklahoma; their car caught fire and a product-liability action ensued. The plaintiffs argued that putting cars into the “stream of commerce” made it plausible that the cars might be driven into any state and minimum contacts were met. The Oklahoma Supreme Court agreed, but the United States Supreme Court in a contentious 6–3 decision disagreed.² A few years later, in Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462 (1985),* Justice Brennan prevailed in establishing a somewhat more expansive version of minimum contacts, taking into account but not relying exclusively on a “forum selection” clause in the defendant’s franchise agreement.³ Burger King is still considered the general state of the law, though despite its rather expansive language, the concept of lack of jurisdiction for insufficient contacts does continue to exist.Sometimes these interstate cases give rise to a “conflict of laws”. (See John Gragson's answer to What are some good examples of conflict of laws?)Notes:¹ The Supreme Court concluded:Historically, the jurisdiction of courts to render judgment in personam is grounded on their de facto power over the defendant’s person. Hence, his presence within the territorial jurisdiction of a court was prerequisite to its rendition of a judgment personally binding him. Pennoyer v. Neff, 95 U.S. 714, 733. But now that the capias ad respondendum has given way to personal service of summons or other form of notice, due process requires only that, in order to subject a defendant to a judgment in personam, if he be not present within the territory of the forum, he have certain minimum contacts with it such that the maintenance of the suit does not offend “traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.” Milliken v. Meyer, 311 U.S. 457, 463. See Holmes, J., in McDonald v. Mabee, 243 U.S. 90, 91. Compare Hoopeston Canning Co. v. Cullen, 318 U.S. 313, 316, 319. See Blackmer v. United States, 284 U.S. 421; Hess v. Pawloski, 274 U.S. 352; Young v. Masci, 289 U.S. 253.326 U.S. at 316.² Justice White wrote for the majority:Petitioners carry on no activity whatsoever in Oklahoma. They close no sales and perform no services there. They avail themselves of none of the privileges and benefits of Oklahoma law. They solicit no business there either through salespersons or through advertising reasonably calculated to reach the State. Nor does the record show that they regularly sell cars at wholesale or retail to Oklahoma customers or residents or that they indirectly, through others, serve or seek to serve the Oklahoma market. In short, respondents seek to base jurisdiction on one, isolated occurrence and whatever inferences can be drawn therefrom: the fortuitous circumstance that a single Audi automobile, sold in New York to New York residents, happened to suffer an accident while passing through Oklahoma.444 U.S. at 295. Justices Marshall, Blackmun, and Brennan disagreed in three separate dissents.³ The discussion in Burger King is as follows:Once it has been decided that a defendant purposefully established minimum contacts within the forum State, these contacts may be considered in light of other factors to determine whether the assertion of personal jurisdiction would comport with “fair play and substantial justice.” International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. at 320. Thus, courts in “appropriate case[s]” may evaluate “the burden on the defendant,” “the forum State’s interest in adjudicating the dispute,” “the plaintiff’s interest in obtaining convenient and effective relief,” “the interstate judicial system’s interest in obtaining the most efficient resolution of controversies,” and the “shared interest of the several States in furthering fundamental substantive social policies.” World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. at 292. These considerations sometimes serve to establish the reasonableness of jurisdiction upon a lesser showing of minimum contacts than would otherwise be required. See, e.g., Keeton v. Hustler Magazine, Inc., [465 U.S. 774,] 780; Calder v. Jones, [465 U.S. 783,] 788–789; McGee v. International Life Insurance Co., [355 U.S. 220,] 223–224. On the other hand, where a defendant who purposefully has directed his activities at forum residents seeks to defeat jurisdiction, he must present a compelling case that the presence of some other considerations would render jurisdiction unreasonable. Most such considerations usually may be accommodated through means short of finding jurisdiction unconstitutional. For example, the potential clash of the forum’s law with the “fundamental substantive social policies” of another State may be accommodated through application of the forum’s choice-of-law rules. Similarly, a defendant claiming substantial inconvenience may seek a change of venue. Nevertheless, minimum requirements inherent in the concept of “fair play and substantial justice” may defeat the reasonableness of jurisdiction even if the defendant has purposefully engaged in forum activities. World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, supra, at 292; see also Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws §§ 36-37 (1971). As we previously have noted, jurisdictional rules may not be employed in such a way as to make litigation “so gravely difficult and inconvenient” that a party unfairly is at a “severe disadvantage” in comparison to his opponent. The Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Co., 407 U.S. 1, 18 (1972) (re forum-selection provisions); McGee v. International Life Insurance Co., supra.471 U.S at 476–478 (footnotes omitted).* I have not linked Burger King because something is wrong with the link to it on the LII web site.

Are the conscientious Republicans revolting against Trump?It’s October 13, 2020, and yet another prominent Republican comes out against Trump. WE ARE 21 DAYS TO ELECTION DAY, NOVEMBER 3, 2020.Greg Schott, a lifelong Republican disgusted by President Donald Trump, decided it was time to speak out in a meaningful way. Schott, who sold his business software company to Salesforce in 2018 for a reported $6.5 billion, decided to spend $1 million of his own money to start a new group, Reclaim Our Party, a super PAC targeting right-leaning independents and soft Republicans and telling them it was OK to vote against Trump. [1][1][1][1]In addition, there’s the Bravery Project, led by Joe Walsh, a former Republican congressman from Illinois. [2][2][2][2] And, Stand Up Republic, which is profiled below, recently introduced a spinoff, Christians Against Trumpism & Political Extremism. [3][3][3][3]and another another anti-Trump group he started called Checks and Balances. [4][4][4][4]The stated goal of all of these groups is to give permission to everyday conservatives and Republicans, that it is okay to vote for VP Joe Biden.It’s October 10, 2020. We are 24 days out from the election. Retired four-star Air Force Gen. Chuck Boyd, a highly decorated military man, and Republican who served as strategy consultant to Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Newt Gingrich. [5][5][5][5]just issued a video endorsement for VP Joe Biden for President. [6][6][6][6]In part, General Boyd says:"As I watched him over the years, my unease with his presidency has increased. It increased to the point that I believe that our democracy will be in shatters by the time he has served two terms," Boyd says. "While I am reticent about getting involved in presidential politics by any military men, in this case, keeping out of the political process is something I don't feel like I can do."I think the point at which he began telling the American people that the election process itself was fraudulent, that mail-in balloting was a disaster, was terrible. I thought if our citizens lose faith in how they go about electing their leaders, then democracy itself is at risk, at deep risk. That's the point at which I said I've got to get involved in this in some way.That's one of the reasons I've made the commitment to support and endorse Joe Biden for president. [7][7][7][7]It’s Oct 2, 2020. We are 31 days ahead of the election. The Republican Voters Against Trump billboards just went up in North Carolina. It’s hard to understate the unprecedented number of well known Republicans and Conservatives who have endorsed VP Joe Biden for President. In this answer alone, there are about 1,000 listed. Every day, more Republican’s for Biden come out to endorse VP Joe Biden, so I am just updating by date now.We are now 34 days ahead of the 2020 election. It is 9/30/20.This quote from Evan McMullin from Stand Up Republic, takes the cake:When Mindy Finn and I founded Stand Up Republic three years ago, we chose as our three core principles liberty, equality, and truth. Last night illustrated why. In less than two hours, Donald Trump threatened each one. He openly admitted that he is willing to see our votes thrown away to ensure his re-election. That's not liberty. He refused to condemn white supremacists, instead telling violent extremist groups to "stand by." That's not equality. And for much of the evening, he spewed lies and wouldn't let Joe Biden respond, because Trump's political existence depends on deception. That's not truth. The debate, if it can be called that, marked a new low in American politics. There is no question that Trump is a dangerous protofascist. The question is whether we'll unite to defeat him or let our lesser differences stand in the way. It's time for a change, America. I still believe that we're better than this. We must be. —Evan McMullinFormer Montana governor and Republican National Committee chair, Marc Racicot, said he will vote for Democrat Joe Biden in the November election, citing character flaws in President Donald Trump.“I regret that I will cause consternation, perhaps, in some corners, but even as a Republican, I will not be supporting Donald Trump for president, and I will not be voting for him,” Racicot said, adding that he still has policy disagreements with Biden.He added: “But at the end, the content of a man's character or a woman's character to serve in that capacity is more important than any other issue that I have to consider as a matter of conscience.” [8][8][8][8]On Sept 27th, former PA Republican Governor Tom Ridge endorsed Joe Biden. [9][9][9][9]I will cast my vote for Joe Biden on Nov. 3. It will be my first vote for a Democratic candidate for president of the United States. But it is not the first time I have said “no” to Donald Trump. I urge my fellow Pennsylvanians to join me.Donald Trump has proven over these last four years he is incapable of such leadership. It is not within him. He lacks the empathy, integrity, intellect, and maturity to lead. He sows division along political, racial, and religious lines. And he routinely dismisses the opinions of experts who know far more about the subject at hand than he does — intelligence, military, and public health. Our country has paid dearly in lives lost, social unrest, economic hardship, and our standing in the world.We knew it was coming…. On Sept 24th, Cindy McCain, wife of the last Senator John McCain endorsed VP Joe Biden for president. We know that Trump Supporters will not be persuaded by this endorsement. However, there are some longtime conservatives, particularly in Arizona, a battleground state, that may be influenced by Cindy McCain’s endorsement.My husband John lived by a code: country first. We are Republicans, yes, but Americans foremost. There's only one candidate in this race who stands up for our values as a nation, and that is @JoeBiden.— Cindy McCain (@cindymccain) September 22, 2020 [10][10][10][10]Cindy McCain said although she and Joe Biden didn’t always agree on issues, ‘he is a good and honest man. He will lead us with dignity.’[11][11][11][11]You can listen to her video endorsement here: Cindy McCain endorses Joe Biden: I want to feel like my president cares about me - CNN VideoIt’s Sept 22nd, and we are 42 days out from the election.Here is the latest Republican for Biden news.Republicans For A New President: A very prominent Republican in NC wrote a powerful OpEd. Robert F. Orr is a retired N.C. Supreme Court justice and N.C. chair of Republicans For A New President. The Richmond Observer - OPINION: 'The socialists are coming! The socialists are coming!'A new group called: Republican Political Alliance for Integrity and Reform (REPAIR) has formed. Republican Anti-Trump Group Claims Support from "Current Top U.S. Government Official"In a press release to mark its official launch on Thursday, the Republican Political Alliance for Integrity and Reform (REPAIR) listed 26 people as advisers, including conservative former officials from the Reagan, both Bush, and Trump administrations. New anti-Trump GOP group claims backing of "top" government officialThe Repair 45 website is found at: Republican Political Alliance for Integrity & Reform. This is their press release:IT’S OFFICIAL. The Alliance has launched, and we are ready to shape the post-Trump GOP and to #REPAIR our country. pic.twitter.com/lk3KRDjWPu— #REPAIR (@RepairRepublic) September 17, 2020It's Sept 20th, and so many more Republicans have come out in support of VP Biden. They are all putting Country Over Party. Here's Olivia Troye, who just resigned from the Coronavirus taskforce.🚨🚨🚨NEW from @RVAT2020.Olivia Troye, VP Pence's lead staffer on the COVID task force, resigned two months ago. Now she speaks out:"No matter how hard you worked...the president was going to do something detrimental to keeping Americans safe. It was awful. It was terrifying." pic.twitter.com/nkz2WncE9i— Bill Kristol (@BillKristol) September 17, 2020Another largely Republican faith group recently established is “Believers For Biden".Catholics for Biden is the official campaign outreach of the Biden-Harris campaign, one of the many groups under the umbrella operation of "Believers for Biden," which was launched in July and is led by Josh Dickson, an evangelical and former Republican.It’s September 4th, and a new group has come out called “Republicans and Independents for Biden”. This group has been formed by former Republican governors and includes Christine Todd Whitman, a former Republican governor of New Jersey; Rick Snyder, a two-term GOP governor of Michigan, who just left in 2019, and Bill Weld, former governor of Massachusetts. Nearly 100 Republican and independent leaders will endorse Democrat Joe Biden. As I get the detailed list of endorsements, I will update. [12][12][12][12]It's now September 2nd. The daily, updates conscientious Republican's endorsing VP Joe Biden is becoming fast and furious. So I will just start a new list at the top of this already lengthy answer.Staunchly pro-life Republican columnist Mona Charen just gave permission for all Republican women to support Biden for President.There is putrefaction where the Republican Party's essence should be, and appointing pro-life judges cannot mask the stench. So, this conservative is voting for the Democrats. Will the GOP reform? I hope so. But my priority isn't trying to heal the Republican Party. It's trying to heal the country. [13][13][13][13]Mona Charen is a senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, which describes itself as "dedicated to applying the Judeo-Christian moral tradition to critical issues of public policy.Margaret Hoover, the conservative political commentator and great-granddaughter of former Republican President Herbert Hoover, said she will not vote for President Trump in November and will "quite likely" cast her ballot for Joe Biden instead. [14][14][14][14]On August 24th, Former Republican National Committee Chair Michael Steele announced Monday that he is becoming a senior advisor to the Lincoln Project, a PAC comprised of anti-Trump Republicans. [15][15][15][15]Trump had transformed the GOP "into a cult of personality" and that the president "traffics in conspiracies, fear, racism, xenophobia, misogyny, and believes that he can rewrite the Constitution in his own image." [16][16][16][16]The Democratic National Convention has arrived. It's August 17, 2020. 4 Republican's will be speaking on behalf of Biden tonight.[17][17][17][17]The theme is:"We The People Putting Country Over Party."Christine Todd WhitmanJohn Kasich [18]Meg WhitmanChristine MolinariCindy McCain, wife of the late Senator John McCain, narrated a video on the close friendship between her husband and Joe Biden, on the 2nd night of the DNC. [19][19][19][19] VP Joe Biden gave a eulogy at Senator McCain's funeral. [20][20][20][20]During the convention, Former Republican Rep. Charlie Dent (Pa.) announced he is endorsing Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden. [21][21][21][21]He called President Trump;"a threat to the rule of law and functional democracy.""Biden is fundamentally a decent and honorable man who respects the American tradition, supports the rule of law, embraces America's friends and allies, and will restore some semblance of normalcy to the functioning of government.”Along with former US Rep. Charlie Dent;More than 70 former national security officials from the last several Republican administrations and other GOP officials endorsed Joe Biden for president on Thursday. [22][22][22][22]Defending Democracy Together [23][23][23][23] is the organization that put out the statement.Under the banner of Defending Democracy Together, a new group is called Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden, has formed. [24][24][24][24] 130 former national security officials who served during the administrations of Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush, and/or Donald Trump, or as Republican Members of Congress, have signed an open letter endorsing VP Joe Biden.The substantive points are:​Donald Trump has gravely damaged America’s role as a world leader.​Donald Trump has shown that he is unfit to lead during a national crisis.Donald Trump has solicited foreign influence and undermined confidence in our presidential elections.Donald Trump has aligned himself with dictators and failed to stand up for American values.Donald Trump has disparaged our armed forces, intelligence agencies, and diplomats.Donald Trump has undermined the rule of law.These are the signatories:Adm. Steve Abbot Fmr Dep Homeland Security AdvisorKenneth Adelman Fmr Director, Arms Control and Disarmament AgencyAmb. Peter Allgeier Fmr Deputy US Trade RepresentativeMary Catherine Andrews Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentRichard Armitage Fmr Deputy Secretary of StateChristopher Barton Fmr Director, NSC StaffNancy Bearg Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffJohn Bellinger Fmr Legal Adviser, Dept of StateAdm. Kenneth Bernard Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentMark Bitterman Fmr Special Asst to the Secretary of DefenseAmb. Robert Blackwill Fmr Deputy National Security AdvisorChristian Bonat Fmr Dep General Counsel, Defense DeptAmb. Richard Boucher Fmr Asst Secretary of StateAmb. Charles Bowers Fmr US AmbassadorBertram Braun Fmr Director, NSC StaffAmb. Peter Bridges Fmr US AmbassadorDouglas Brook Fmr Asst Secretary of the ArmyLinton Brooks Fmr Under Secretary of EnergyGreg Brower Fmr Asst Director of the FBIKara Bue Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateAmb. Richard Burt Fmr US Ambassador to GermanySally Canfield Fmr Dep Chief of Staff, Dept of Homeland SecurityVictor Cha Fmr Director, NSC StaffAmb. Jack Chow Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateThomas Christensen Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateEliot Cohen Fmr Counselor of the Dept of StateJoseph Collins Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of DefenseHeather Conley Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateBret Coulson Fmr Director, NSC StaffChester Crocker Fmr Asst Secretary of StatePatrick Cronin Fmr Asst Administrator, USAIDAmb. Sada Cumber Fmr US Special Envoy to the OIC​Mike Donley Fmr Secretary of the Air ForceRaymond DuBois Fmr Acting Under Secretary of the ArmyLewis Dunn Fmr Asst Director, Arms Control and Disarmament AgencyAmb. Eric Edelman Fmr Under Secretary of DefenseGary Edson Fmr Deputy National Security AdvisorRichard Falkenrath Fmr Dep Asst to the PresidentAmb. Julie Finley Fmr US AmbassadorCarl Ford Fmr Asst Secretary of StateAaron Friedberg Fmr Dep Asst to the Vice PresidentWilliam Gaches Fmr Director of Counterterrorism, NSAJanice Gardner Fmr Asst Secretary of the TreasuryJohn Gardner Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentAmb. James Glassman Fmr Under Secretary of StateAmb. Jon Glassman Fmr Dep National Security Advisor to the Vice PresidentDavid Gordon Fmr Director, State Dept, Policy PlanningColleen Graffy Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateMichael Green Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffSen. Chuck Hagel Fmr Secretary of Defense and US SenatorChristopher Hankin Fmr Dep Asst Secretry of StateMark Harvey Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentGen. Michael Hayden Fmr Director of the CIA and the NSAAmb. Carla Hills Fmr US Trade RepresentativeSeth Hurwitz Fmr Counsel, President's Intelligence Oversight BoardAsh Jain Fmr Member, State Dept Policy PlanningLes Janka Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of DefenseNeil Joeck Fmr Director, NSC StaffAmb. Richard Kauzlarich Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateJames Kelly Fmr Asst Secretary of StateDonald Kerr Fmr Princ Dep Director of National IntelligenceRep. Jim Kolbe Fmr Member of CongressDavid Kramer Fmr Asst Secretary of StateStephen Krasner Fmr Director, State Dept Policy PlanningKen Krieg Fmr Under Secretary of DefenseJames Kunder Fmr Deputy Administrator, USAIDAmb. Frank Lavin Fmr Under Secretary of CommerceRep. Jim Leach Fmr Member of CongressBruce Lemkin Fmr Dep Under Secretary of the Air ForceMichael Leiter Fmr Director, National Counterterrorism CtrPeter Lichtenbaum Fmr Asst Secretary of CommerceAmb. Winston Lord Fmr US AmbassadorJames Loy Fmr Dep Secretary of Homeland SecurityPeter Madigan Fmr Dep Asst Secretary StateAmb. Steven Mann Fmr Prin Dep Asst Secretary of StateCol. John McDonald Fmr Dep Under Secretary of the ArmyBryan McGrath Former US Navy OfficerAmb. Michael McKinley Fmr US AmbassadorChristopher Mellon Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of DefenseDavid Merkel Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateJohn Mitnick Fmr General Counsel, Department of Homeland SecurityAllen Moore Fmr Under Secretary of CommerceAlberto Mora Fmr Gen Counsel, Dept of the NavyHolly Morrow Fmr Director, NSC StaffKenneth Mortensen Fmr Assoc Dep Attorney GeneralVirginia Mulberger Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentAlden Munson Fmr Dep Director of National IntelligenceAmb. John Negroponte Fmr Director of National Intelligence, and Fmr Deputy Secretary of StateElizabeth Neumann Fmr Asst Secretary of Homeland SecuritySean O’Keefe Fmr Secretary of the Navy and NASA AdministratorDouglas Paal Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffLarry Pfeiffer Fmr Chief of Staff, CIAWilliam Piekney Fmr Chief of Station, CIADaniel Price Fmr Dep National Security AdvisorSen. Larry Pressler Fmr US SenatorClyde Prestowitz Fmr Counselor to the Secretary of CommerceVictor Reis Fmr Director, Defense Adv Research Projects AgencyPaul Rosenzweig Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of Homeland SecurityNicholas Rostow Fmr NSC Legal AdviserKori Schake Fmr Prin Dep Director, State Dept Policy PlanningWayne Schroeder Fmr Dep Under Secretary of DefenseAmb. Gregory Schulte Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffRobert Shanks Fmr Dep Asst Attorney GeneralAmb. Thomas Shannon Fmr Under Secretary of StateRep. Christopher Shays Fmr Member of CongressJohn Simon Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffStephen Slick Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffAmb. Mark Storella Fmr US AmbassadorTimothy Stratford Fmr Asst US Trade RepresentativeAmb. William Taft Fmr Deputy Secretary of DefenseShirin Tahir-Kheli Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentMiles Taylor Fmr Chief of Staff, Dept of Homeland SecurityWilliam Tobey Fmr Dep Administrator, Nat Nuclear Security AdminJack Tomarchio Fmr Princ Dep Under Secretary of Homeland SecurityOlivia Troye Fmr Special Advisor to the Vice PresidentAmb. Robert Tuttle Fmr US Ambassador to the United KingdomJohn Veroneau Fmr Dep US Trade RepresentativeMichael Vickers Fmr Under Secretary of DefenseKen Wainstein Fmr Homeland Security AdvisorDavid Waller Fmr Asst Secretary of EnergyThomas Ward Fmr Director of Threats, Ballistic Missile Defense OrganizationSen. John Warner Fmr US SenatorMatthew Waxman Fmr Prin Dep Director, State Dept Policy PlanningWilliam Webster Fmr Director of the CIA and FBIWendell Willkie II Fmr General Counsel, Dept of CommerceJohn Woodworth Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of DefenseJohn Wolf Fmr Asst Secretary of StateDov Zakheim Fmr Under Secretary of DefensePhilip Zelikow Fmr Counselor of the Dept of State“I'm sorry, Mr. President, you were hired to handle America's worst day and you've absolutely failed. We are less safe today because of his leadership. We will continue to be less safe as long as he is in control. And this year I'll be voting for Joe Biden. [25][25][25][25]Former Trump Assistant Director of Homeland Security Elizabeth Neumann accused Trump of ignoring the threat of domestic terrorism and early pandemic warnings, claiming he “gave permission” to white supremacists. [26][26][26][26]Sean O’KeefeFmr Secretary of the Navy and NASA AdministratorDaniel PriceFmr Dep National Security AdvisorPaul RosenzweigFmr Dep Asst Secretary of Homeland SecurityNicholas RostowFmr NSC Legal AdviserKori SchakeFmr Prin Depup Director, State Dept Policy PlanningWayne SchroederFmr Dep Under Secretary of DefenseRobert ShanksFmr Dep Asst Attorney GeneralRep. Christopher ShaysFmr Member of CongressJohn SimonFmr Senior Director, NSC StaffStephen SlickFmr Senior Director, NSC StaffAmb. William TaftFmr Deputy Secretary of DefenseShirin Tahir-KheliFmr Special Asst to the PresidentMiles TaylorFmr Chief of Staff, Dept of Homeland SecurityWilliam TobeyFmr Dep Administrator, Nat Nuclear Security Admin logAmb. Robert TuttleFmr US Ambassador to the United KingdomJohn VeroneauFmr Dep US Trade RepresentativeMichael VickersFmr Under Secretary of DefenseKen WainsteinFmr Homeland Security AdvisorSen. John WarnerFmr US SenatorMatthew WaxmanFmr Prin Dep Director, State Dept Policy PlanningWilliam WebsterFmr Director of the CIA and FBIDov ZakheimFmr Under Secretary of DefensePhilip ZelikowFmr Counselor of the Dept of StateToday, the first day of the Republican National Convention, two dozen former Republican members of Congress came out to endorse VP Joe Biden. [27][27][27][27]The former Representatives are:Steve Bartlett of Texas,Bill Clinger of Pennsylvania,Tom Coleman of Missouri,Charlie Dent of Pennsylvania,Charles Djou of Hawaii, Mickey Edwards of Oklahoma,Wayne Gilchrest of Maryland,Jim Greenwood of Pennsylvania,Bob Inglis of South Carolina,Jim Kolbe of Arizona,Steve Kuykendall of California,Ray LaHood of Illinois (who served as Transportation secretary in the Obama administration),Jim Leach of Iowa,Connie Morella of Maryland,Mike Parker of Mississippi,Jack Quinn of New York,Claudine Schneider of Rhode Island,Chris Shays of Connecticut,Peter Smith of Vermont,Alan Steelman of Texas,Bill Whitehurst of Virginia,Dick Zimmer of New Jersey, andJim Walsh of New York.It's Tuesday, August 25th, the 2nd day of the Republican National Convention, and the following Republicans have just endorsed VP Joe Biden. [28][28][28][28]Alan Charles Raul, who served as vice chair of the White House Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board under G Project eorge W. Bush and served in roles with George H.W. Bush as well as associate counsel to the president in the Reagan administration.Charles Fried, former U.S. solicitor general in the Reagan administration and an associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.Stuart Gerson, an assistant attorney general under George H. W. Bush.Peter Keisler, former U.S. acting attorney general under George W. Bush.Paul Rosenweig, who served in the Department of Homeland Security under George W. Bush.Robert Shanks, former U.S. deputy assistant attorney general in the Reagan administrationJ.W. Verret, who served on Trump’s presidential transition staffToday, August 25th, 2020, I learned of a new Never Trump Group, that is a women's offshoot of The Lincoln Project, a well known Never Trump group that has endorsed VP Joe Biden. [29][29][29][29]It's called The Lincoln Women.The Lincoln Women includes a very extensive list of well known Republican women who have endorsed VP Joe Biden."It is essential that these women turn out and vote for Joe Biden, as opposed to just staying home because they feel like they can't vote for Donald Trump," Jennifer Horn, Co-Founder said. [30][30][30][30]The Lincoln Women are:Jennifer Horn - Co-Founder of the Lincoln Project, Chairman of the NH Republican Party 2013-2017, Republican Nominee in NH-2, 2008.Susan Del Percio - Republican Strategist and Political Analyst.Jenny Willis Beech - Bush 2000 Campaign and Administration Alumna, Political Advisor.Cathy Blaney - CEO of CBlaney Group, Former fundraiser for Governor George E. Pataki and President George W. Bush.Jane Calderwood - Former Chief of Staff, U.S. Senator Olympia Snowe.Sally Canfield - Former Deputy Chief of Staff to Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, Former senior director at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Domestic Policy Advisor for the 2000 Bush Campaign.Jerushah Duford - Evangelical Author, Speaker, and Advocate.Beth Fukumoto - Former Hawaii Republican House Leader (2014-2017), Democratic State Representative (2017-2018), Democratic Candidate for US House (2018).Mollie Fullington - Founder of Mulberry Street Strategies, Former Press Secretary for New York Governor George E. Pataki and U.S. Representative Rick Lazio.Jennifer Waisath Harris - Public Affairs Strategist, Former Communications Director, Spokesperson and Political Director for GOP Elected and Appointed Officials.Ariel Hill-Davis – Founder and the Policy Director for Republican Women for Progress (RWFP). A lifelong moderate Republican, Miss Hill-Davis brings over a decade of experience in public policy to her work with RWFP and having spent most of her career focused on heavy industry like manufacturing and mining.Kodiak Hill-Davis – Founder and Political Director of Republican Women for Progress (RWFP). Hill-Davis started her career working for Rep Nancy Johnson (R-CT) and has spent the last decade advocating for transportation, infrastructure, and now, market based solutions for climate change.Stephanie McGann Jantzen - Crisis Communications, Republican Strategist, Policy and political consultant.Jennifer Lim - Co-Founder & Executive Director of Republican Women for Progress.Meghan Milloy - Co-Founder & Executive Director of Republican Women for Progress.Tara Setmayer - CNN Political Commentator, Contributor to ABC News, and Former GOP Communications Director on Capitol Hill.Rina Shah - Political Adviser, Commentator, & Founder of Republican Women for Biden.It's Thursday, August 27th, the last day of the Republican National Convention, and another group of Never Trump Republicans have come out an endorsed VP Joe Biden for President.More than 100 former staff members from Sen. John McCain’s campaigns and congressional offices announced Thursday that they are endorsing Joe Biden for president. [31][31][31][31]“Given the incumbent president’s lack of competent leadership, his efforts to aggravate rather than bridge divisions among Americans, and his failure to uphold American values, we believe the election of former Vice President Biden is clearly in the national interest.”The list of the 100 former McCain staffers is found here. [32][32][32][32] They call themselves McCain Alumni For Biden.I highlight the more established Never Trump groups below, but it's important to take a moment to reflect on an incredibly powerful statement released today by Billy Graham's granddaughter, [33][33][33][33]Jerushah Duford, who is a member of The Lincoln Women.In part, she wrote:On August 28th, Evan McMullin, in his speech at the Convention on Founding Principles, a Republican alternative to the RNC, endorsed VP Joe Biden.In addition, there are numerous organizations actively working to reach moderate and disaffected Republican voters by donating money, producing ads, conducting focus groups, and actively recruiting voters and activists.On September 1st, a new group called Veteran and Military Community Coalition is working with The Lincoln Project to get Biden elected. [34][34][34][34]The coalition members are:Former Navy Secretary John Dalton;retired Army Lt. Col. Bob Andrews;Retired Army Maj, General Donna Barbisch;Former Navy Lt. Daniel Barkhuff;retired Army Col. Joseph Collins; former Navy Lt. Chris David;Gold Star Mother and retired psychiatric-mental health nurse Judith Gentz;Purple Heart recipient Ernesto Hernandez;retired Army Lt. Gen. Mark Hertling;former Army Lt. Andre Hollis;wounded veterans advocate Blair Hughes;retired Army Col. Mike Jason;retired Marine Col. Scott Jensen;retired Army Lt. Col. John Lock;U.S. Cavalry Officer Brennan Mullaney;ex-airborne infantryman Matt Pelak;National Guard mother Jessica Piper;retired Army 1st Sgt. Curtez Riggs;military and veteran advocate Colleen Saffron;former Navy Lt. Glenn Schatz;former Navy Electronics Technician Daniel Tapia;former Army Capt. Matt ZellerThe other groups that I know of are listed below.43 Alumni, 43 Alumni Endorsing Joe Biden - 43 Alumni for Biden connected to the George W. Bush Administration. [35]COUNTRY OVER PARTY’ Despite policy differences with Biden, “hundreds” of former Bush officials believe the Democrat has the integrity to meet America’s challenges, the 43 Alumni members said. [36]The group of at least 300 former officials, aides and Cabinet secretaries formed 43 Alumni for Biden to block President Donald Trump from winning a second term, arguing on its website that "democracy is at stake" and there have been "far too many days filled with chaos emanating from the highest levels of government.[37] [38] Our mission is clear, to elect Joe Biden as the next President of the United States. Through our advocacy, 43 Alumni for Biden seeks to unite and mobilize a community of historically Republican voters who are dismayed and disappointed by the damage done to our nation by Donald Trump’s presidency. Our efforts will focus on engaging voters with shared concerns about the future of our country and compelling them to make the right choice by voting for Joe Biden on Election Day, November 3rd, 2020.The Lincoln Project [39] 8 GOP operatives including George Conway & Rick Wilson. They are affiliated with Republicans For The Rule Of Law. George Conway just stepped away from his role at The Lincoln Project in order to support his four children, who have suffered from extreme disagreements between George Conway and his wife, Kellyanne Conway, who just resigned her position as Senior Adviser to President Trump. George Conway Tweeted that he still remains passionate about his Never Trump movement. [40] His daughter, Claudia, Tweeted that she is devastated that her mother still plans to speak at the RNC. [41][42]Republican Voters Against Trump made up of everyday conservative and Republican voters who are now voting for Biden & connected to Defending Democracy Together[43] Here is part of one of their statements in response to the differences between VP Biden & President Trump in response to how they have both handled the George George Floyd murder. “If I had to boil it all down, the main difference, for me, as an anti-Trump Republican, is that thbioe America Joe Biden describes is a place I'd like to live. Trump's ... not so much.” Sarah Longwell.[44]Republicans For A New President [45] a group dedicated to restoring honor and dignity to the White House & affiliated with Stand Up Republic, made up of [46] conservatives Tara Setmayer & Evan McMullin, who support vote by mail, electoral reform, are against racial injustice, among other democratic party issues and appear to be forming a new and different Republican Party.Right Side PAC: prominent Republicans — including former White House staffer Anthony Scaramucci. The “Right Side PAC,” composed of former officials from the Trump and George W. Bush administrations, will initially focus on Republicans in the battleground states of Arizona, Florida, Michigan, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. [47] They will use digital, mail and telephone to reach the voters and encourage absentee voting. Matt Borges, a former chair of the Ohio Republican Party and an alum of the George W. Bush administration, and founder of the group said the group will work to turn out "that group of Republicans who feels that Donald Trump is an existential threat to the country and this party. [48]Right Side PAC “will target disillusioned former Trump voters in battleground states who might be open to voting for Biden this time around—something the group’s founder, former Ohio Republican Party chairman Matt Borges, calls “the correction option.[14]“Stand Up Republic [49] This organization is run by Evan McMullin, former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operations officer who ran as an independent during the 2016 United States presidential election. [50] The group focuses on "defense of democratic (small 'd') norms, constitutionalism and civic involvement." [6] Speaking on so-called "alternative facts" McMullin said: "Undermining truth is a typical authoritarian tactic. It is incredibly dangerous.Operation Grant: Republicans against Trump: 'We will not make the same mistake this November' Ohio Republicans are launching Operation Grant to mobilize GOP voters in the Buckeye State against our current president. This Group is run by Phil Heimlich, a former assistant prosecutor and Republican City Council member and Hamilton County commissioner; Chris Gagin, former Belmont County GOP chairman, who resigned in disgust after Trump’s Helsinki debacle; Roger Synenberg, former chairman of the Republican Party and Board of Elections in Cleveland, and inductee into the Cuyahoga County Republican Hall of Fame; Chris Gibbs, former Republican chairman and Board of Elections president in Shelby County; Michael Anne Johnson, former Assistant U.S. Attorney in the Northern District of Ohio.After the Civil War, President Grant rose to the moment to unite a nation most divided. Ohioans who wish to preserve our republic will rise to the moment, too.North Carolina Republicans for Biden: part of a national effort officials say is aimed at engaging Republicans who are supporting Democratic nominee Joe Biden for president, instead of voting to re-elect President Donald Trump. Among the list of Republican politicians announcing their support of Biden are former N.C. Supreme Court Associate Justice Robert “Bob” Orr, former state Representative Charles Jeter, Transylvania County Board of Commissioners Chair Mike Hawkins and Transylvania County Board of Commissioners Vice-Chair Page Lemel.[51]In addition, we are starting to see high-level military officers warning us that Trump is abusing his Executive Power.General James Mattis issued a statement today. [52][52][52][52] [53][53][53][53] In part, it states:Donald Trump is the first president in my lifetime who does not try to unite the American people—does not even pretend to try. Instead he tries to divide us. We are witnessing the consequences of three years of this deliberate effort. We are witnessing the consequences of three years without mature leadership. We can unite without him, drawing on the strengths inherent in our civil society. This will not be easy, as the past few days have shown, but we owe it to our fellow citizens; to past generations that bled to defend our promise; and to our children…We know that we are better than the abuse of executive authority that we witnessed in Lafayette Square. We must reject and hold accountable those in office who would make a mockery of our Constitution.Retired Navy Admiral Mike Mullen, and former Joint Chiefs of Staff, made a statement as well:[54][54][54][54] Retired Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, a former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, accused President Trump Tuesday of disrespecting the right to protest and potentially politicizing the military."It sickened me yesterday to see security personnel — including members of the National Guard — forcibly and violently clear a path through Lafayette Square to accommodate the president's visit outside St. John's Church”In another statement by Navy Admiral Mike Mullin [55][55][55][55], he:spoke strongly against the notion of bringing in the military to quell violent protests in the U.S., warning that such a move could sink the public's trust in the armed forces to levels not seen in more than 50 years."The potential use of our military to fight our own people, to deploy in the streets and, to use a phrase that the Secretary of Defense used, to dominate in the battle space -- we have a military to fight our enemies, not our own people," Mullen said. "And our military should never be called to fight our own people as enemies of the state. And that, quite frankly, for me really tipped it over.Discussing the current political climate, Mullen recalled 1968 and the period following the assassinations of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy, while the Vietnam War raged on and public opinion of the military was low."I see this reemerging, and from a war, quite frankly, where the United States military lost the respect and the trust of the American people," Mullen recalled. "We’ve regained that. And in very short order, should we get into conflict in our own streets, there’s a very significant chance we could lose that trust that has taken us 50-plus years to restore."General John Allen made a statement today.General Allen went on to state: [56][56][56][56]It wasn’t enough that peaceful protestors had just been deprived of their first-amendment rights – this photo-op sough to legitimise that abuse with a layer of religion.”Former Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Ret. Gen. Martin Dempsey condemned Trump's threat to use military force to suppress nationwide protests as "dangerous" and "very troubling.[57][57][57][57]The retired general said military involvement should be reserved for "conflict in external wars.""The idea that the military would be called in to dominate and to suppress what, for the most part, were peaceful protests — admittedly, where some had opportunistically turned them violent — and that the military would somehow come in and calm that situation was very dangerous to me," he said.Retired Retired four-star Gen. Richard Myers said:[58][58][58][58]As I understand it, that was a peaceful protest that was disturbed by force, and that's not right," he said. "That should not happen in America. And so I was sad. I mean, we should all shed tears over that, that particular act."James Miller, a former undersecretary of defense for policy, cited Secretary of Defense Mark Esper's participation in President Donald Trump's Monday night photo op in front of St. John's Church.[59][59][59][59]“Where will you draw the line, and when will you draw it?"The resignation comes as the nation braced for its eighth night of protests sparked by the police killing of George Floyd. Here is part of the letter:When I joined the Board in early 2014, after leaving government service as Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, I again swore an oath of office, one familiar to you, that includes the commitment to "support and defend the Constitution of the United States . . . and to bear true faith and allegiance to the same."You recited that same oath on July 23, 2019, when you were sworn in as Secretary of Defense. On Monday, June 1, 2020, I believe that you violated that oath. Law-abiding protesters just outside the White House were dispersed using tear gas and rubber bullets — not for the sake of safety, but to clear a path for a presidential photo op. You then accompanied President Trump in walking from the White House to St. John's Episcopal Church for that photo.President Trump's actions Monday night violated his oath to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed," as well as the First Amendment "right of the people peaceably to assemble." You may not have been able to stop President Trump from directing this appalling use of force, but you could have chosen to oppose it. Instead, you visibly supported it.Anyone who takes the oath of office must decide where he or she will draw the line: What are the things that they will refuse to do? Secretary Esper, you have served honorably for many years, in active and reserve military duty, as Secretary of the Army, and now as Secretary of Defense. You must have thought long and hard about where that line should be drawn. I must now ask: If last night's blatant violations do not cross the line for you, what will?Miller ended the letter by saying, "I wish you the best, in very difficult times. The sanctity of the U.S. Constitution, and the lives of Americans, may depend on your choices." [60][60][60][60]Former Chief of Staff to President Trump, John J. Kelly, also came out with his own statement today that he is in agreement with General Mattis. [61][61][61][61]“I agree with him,” Kelly said during a virtual panel discussion.“I think we need to look harder at who we elect,” said Kelly, who left the White House in January 2019. “I think we should look at people that are running for office and put them through the filter: What is their character like? What are their ethics.”Kelly said police should be responsible for ending violent protests. “These are civilian responsibilities,” Kelly said. “We should be very, very careful before we contemplate sending in active duty.”William Harry McRaven (born November 6, 1955), retired United States Navy four-star admiral stated:“In the military, there are three criteria for every decision we make,” McRaven said. “It has to be moral, legal, and ethical. [To be] Ethical you have to follow the rules, legally you have to follow the law, and to be moral you have to follow what you know to be right, and either way, this was just not right. You’re not going to use, whether it’s the military or the National Guard, to clear peaceful American citizens for the President of the United States to take a photo op. There is nothing morally right about that.[62][62][62][62]Admiral McCraven also stated:[63][63][63][63]“This fall, it’s time for new leadership in this country – Republican, Democrat or independent,” said William H McRaven, the retired Navy admiral who directed the raid that killed Osama bin Laden. “President Trump has shown he doesn’t have the qualities necessary to be a good commander in chief.McRaven, in an interview on the 76th anniversary of D-Day, noted that those wartime leaders inspired Americans with “their words actions and their humanity”.In contrast, he said, Mr Trump has failed his leadership test. “As we have struggled with the Covid pandemic and horrible acts of racism and injustice, this president has shown none of those qualities,” Mr McRaven said. “The country needs to move forward without him at the helm.”Colin Powell, retired 4 star general, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under George Bush, just endorsed Joe Biden.Powell said in an interview on CNN's "State of The Union. “We have a Constitution. We have to follow that Constitution. And the president's drifted away from it.”General Powell went on to say: [64][64][64][64]"The Republican Party, the president thought they were immune, they can say anything they wanted," Powell said. "And even more troubling, the Congress would just sit there and not in any way resist what the president is doing.""The one word I have to use with respect to what he's been doing for the last several years is the word I would never have used before, never would have used with any of the four presidents I worked for: He lies," Powell added. "He lies about things, and he gets away with it because people will not hold him accountable.Retired U.S. Navy Adm. James Stavridis said Sunday:“protests over George Floyd's death aren't "a battlespace to be dominated," as President Trump suggested.The former NATO supreme allied commander told NBC's "Meet the Press" that he thinks there are "plenty of people" in law enforcement, including officers and the National Guard, who can police the demonstrations without the military getting involved."Their real role is to protect these peaceful demonstrators," he said. "This is not a battlespace to be dominated."There are sufficient forces to do that, and I think the military is very concerned about getting pulled into the maelstrom of politics in an election year in order to push protesters, as they were at Lafayette Square," he said. "That was wrong."The Modern Military Association of America, a nonprofit organization for the LGBTQ military and veteran community, released this statement.[65][65][65][65]"Donald Trump just crossed a very serious line that demands swift and forceful condemnation by every Member of Congress," said the group's interim executive director, Air Force veteran Jennifer Dane. "Promoting a letter that labels American citizens peacefully exercising their First Amendment rights as 'terrorists' is an egregious breach of his oath to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. Now more than ever, it is absolutely crucial that Trump be held accountable for his reckless actions.”Former Army Secretary Eric Fanning endorsed VP Biden.The first openly gay Army secretary says he’s supporting Joe Biden for president, the latest endorsement from a former military leader who had criticized President Donald Trump over his handling of anti-racism demonstrations.Eric Fanning, who held a variety of Navy and Air Force civilian positions and was Army secretary from 2016 to 2017, on Wednesday cited Biden’s “empathy” and “integrity” in engaging with members of the military.Fanning is among 89 former senior defense officials who recently signed an op-ed to voice opposition to Trump’s threatened use of active-duty troops to quell protests over George Floyd’s killing by Minneapolis police..[66][66][66][66] Former Army secretary backs Biden, citing ‘moral leadership’Another, General Ricardo Sanchez, issued a statement as well. [67][67][67][67]"The overtly racist comments and discriminatory actions of our current President," Sanchez wrote, "have convinced me that this administration does not actually view racial diversity as a pillar of American strength, and that it is choosing to actively ignore many elements of our Constitution.Related criticisms come from:Gen. Tony Thomas, retired four-star Marine Gen. John Allen, retired three-star Lt. Gen. Russel Honore, retired four-star Gen. Michael Hayden, retired Maj. Gen. Steven Lepper, retired four-star Gen. Barry McCaffrey, White House chief of staff.The Washington Post published an op-ed critical of Trump over the weekend, co-authored by 78 former Defense Department officials, including four former Pentagon chiefs -- two Democrats and two Republicans. It coincided with a statement, calling on the president not to use the U.S. military for political ends, co-signed by more than 280 retired diplomats, generals, and senior national security officials.Among the 280 signatories were more than 20 retired generals.[68][68][68][68]Fanning is among 89 former senior defense officials who recently signed an op-ed to voice opposition to Trump’s threatened use of active-duty troops to quell protests over George Floyd’s killing by Minneapolis police.Here is a list of officials who have resigned under President Trump [69][69][69][69]. Many of them are voting for VP Biden. A well known Republican is Anthony Scaramucci.Miles Taylor, the former Department of Homeland Security chief of staff under President Trump, endorsed Joe Biden for president in a video funded by Republican Voters Against Trump. [70][70][70][70]Here's a list of prominent Republican party officials who voted against Trump in 2016. [71][71][71][71] Notably, past Governor of OH and Republican Party presidential candidate John Kasich is included on this list.John Kasich has officially endorsed VP Biden and gave a speech at the Democratic National Convention in August 2020. [72][72][72][72]Kasich’s speech is to highlight intraparty disaffection with Trump and create a permission structure for Republican voters to support Biden. [73][73][73][73]Former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld (R), said he would vote for Joe Biden “in a heartbeat”.Weld said Trump’s strongest opponent is Biden because “he’s a lunch-pail Democrat. He’s a good guy. He’s a centrist, and Trump is not going to be able to play the socialism card against him.”Arnold Schwarzenegger is another former GOP Governor on the list, as are current GOP Governors Charlie Baker (R-MA), Larry Hogan (R-MA,), Sen. Mitt Romney (R-UT), and US Rep. Justin Amash, now an Independent.GOP Vermont Governor Phil Scott says that he won’t vote for Trump but will consider supporting Democratic Presidential Candidate VP Joe Biden. [74][74][74][74]Steven Calabresi, a prominent Republican, is founder of the Federalist Society, and formerly a major Trump Supporter, came out publicly on July 30, 2020, calling for Trump to be impeached for tweeting that the election should be delayed.[75][75][75][75]Calabresi declared himself "appalled" by the tweet, which he characterized as "seeking to postpone the November election.""Until recently, I had taken as political hyperbole the Democrats' assertion that President Trump is a fascist," the conservative legal scholar wrote. "But this latest tweet is fascistic and is itself grounds for the president's immediate impeachment again by the House of Representatives and his removal from office by the Senate."Carli Fiorina, Republican candidate in 2016, voted for Trump. She just endorsed VP Joe Biden.Former Hewlett-Packard (HP) CEO Carly Fiorina, who was an early GOP candidate in 2016, announced she would vote for presumptive Democratic nominee Joe Biden in this year’s election. [76][76][76][76]“I am encouraged that Joe Biden is a person of humility and empathy and character. I think he’s demonstrated that through his life,” she added, noting that though there are “plenty of policy differences” between her and Biden, she believes he can “problem solve” and “find common ground on a bipartisan basis.”Some wealthy Republican donors, and lifelong Republicans have recently endorsed VP Joe Biden for president.Jimmy Tosh, who runs a multi-million dollar hog and grain farm in Tennessee, is a lifelong Republican. He is pro-gun, supports lower taxes and agrees with most of Republican President Donald Trump’s agenda.He is also spending his money to help defeat Trump in November’s election. “I agree with 80% of the things he does; I just cannot stand a liar,” Tosh, 70, said of Trump.[77][77][77][77]“I made the decision I will not support a Republican candidate in an election until Trump is gone,” he said.Other top individual donors to The Lincoln Project include: hedge fund billionaire Andy Redleaf, who sits on the board of visitors at the conservative Federalist Society.Redleaf, founder of Minnesota-based hedge fund Whitebox Advisors, said Biden will be the first Democratic presidential candidate he has voted for.Readleaf, who calls himself a “conservative libertarian,” has donated $35,000 to The Lincoln Project. He said he agreed with the group’s push to also target Republican senators who face tough re-election battles in November.Sidney Jansma Jr., an oil and gas executive from Michigan and a frequent donor to Republican candidates and causes.[78][78][78][78]Prominent Republican and billionaire, Mark Cuban, endorsed VP Joe Biden, while appearing as a guest on Sean Hannity's show on Fox. [79][79][79][79]"Do you believe that he has the strength, the stamina, the mental acuity, the alertness to be taking on what is the toughest job in the world, being the president of the United States?" Hannity asked. "Do you in your heart believe he does?”"One hundred percent," Cuban responded. "Absolutely."Other notable Republican figures who have endorsed VP Biden for president. [80][80][80][80]Robert Blackwill, U.S. Ambassador to India (2001–2003) (Republican)Richard Burt, U.S. Ambassador to Germany (1985–1989) (Republican)Frank Lavin, ambassador to Singapore (2001–2005) (Republican)Robert Tuttle, United States ambassador to the United Kingdom (2005–2009) (Republican)Philip Zelikow, Counselor of the United States Department of State (2005–2007) (Republican)Michael Donley, Secretary of the Air Force (2008–2013) (Republican)Raymond DuBois, acting Under Secretary of the Army (2005–2006) (Republican)Sean O'Keefe, Secretary of the Navy and NASA Administrator (Republican)William Howard Taft IV, Deputy Secretary of Defense (1984–1989) and the great-grandson of President William Howard Taft (Republican)Michael G. Vickers, Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence 2011-2015 (Republican)Matthew Waxman, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Detainee Affairs (2004–2005) (Republican)Dov Zakheim, Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) (2001–2004) (Republican)Linton Brooks, Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security and Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration (2003–2007) (Republican)Victor Cha, National Security Council's director of Asian affairs (2004–2007) (Republican)Gary Edson, Deputy National Security Advisor (2001–2004) (Republican)Richard Falkenrath, Deputy Homeland Security Advisor (2003–2004) (Republican)Aaron Friedberg, deputy assistant for National security (2003–2005)(Republican)James Glassman, Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy (2008–2009) (Republican)Colleen Graffy, United States Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy for Europe and Eurasia (2004–2009) (Republican)James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs (2001–2005) (Republican)David Kramer, Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2008–2009) (Republican)Stephen Krasner, Director of Policy Planning (2005–2007) (Republican)James Loy, Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (2003–2005) (Republican)Rosario Marin, Treasurer of the United States (2001–2003) (Republican)John Mitnick, General Counsel of the United States Department of Homeland Security (2018–2019) (Republican)Ken Wainstein, Homeland Security Advisor (2008–2009) (Republican)Jeff Flake, U.S. Senator from Arizona (2013–2019), U.S. Representative from AZ-06 (2003–2013) and AZ-01 (2001–2003) (Republican)John Warner, U.S. Senator from Virginia (1979–2009), Chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee (2003–2007), Chair of the Senate Rule Committee (1995–1999), United States Secretary of the Navy (1972–1974), Under Secretary of the Navy (1969–1972) (Republican)Jim Leach, U.S. Representative from IA-02 (2003–2007), Chair of the House Financial Services Committee (1995-2001) (Republican)Susan Molinari, U.S. Representative from NY-14 (1990–1997) (Republican)Chris Shays, U.S. Representative from CT-04 (1987-2009) (Republican)Other Public Figures/Celebrities:Gretchen Carlson, journalist and former television commentator.Claudia Conway, liberal activist, daughter of Kellyanne Conway and George ConwayGeorge Conway, attorney, co-founder of The Lincoln Project (Republican before 2018, now Independent)S. E. Cupp, television host and political commentator (Republican)Sarah Longwell, publisher of The Bulwark, former board chair of the Log Cabin Republicans (Republican)Cindy McCain, businesswoman, philanthropist, humanitarian and widow of United States Senator, Vietnam war veteran and 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain (Republican)Piers Morgan, English broadcaster, journalist, writer, and television personalityAna Navarro, political commentator and Republican strategist (Republican)Jennifer Rubin, journalist, columnist for The Washington Post (Independent)Steve Schmidt, chief strategist for the John McCain 2008 presidential campaign, co-founder of The Lincoln Project (Republican before 2018, now Independent)Stuart Stevens, writer and senior political strategist for Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign (Republican)Sully Sullenberger, former U.S. Air Force captain and commercial airline pilot during the water landing of US Airways Flight 1549 (former Republican)Charlie Sykes, conservative talk show radio host, founder of The Bulwark (Republican)John Weaver, political consultant, chief strategist for the John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign, co-founder of The Lincoln Project (Republican)George Will, journalist, columnist for The Washington Post (Republican before 2016, now Independent)Rick Wilson, political strategist, media consultant, author, co-founder of The Lincoln Project (Republican)Meg Whitman, CEO of Quibi, CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise (2011–2018), CEO of eBay (1998–2008), 2010 Republican nominee for Governor of California (Republican)Meghan McCain, daughter of former Arizona Senator and 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain, co-host of The View (Republican)Tara Setmayer, CNN Political Commentator, Contributor to ABC News and former GOP Communications Director (Republican)Amanda Carpenter, former campaign director for Ted Cruz.List of Republicans who oppose the 2020 Donald Trump presidential campaign. [81][81][81][81]Here is the Wikipedia on Republicans who opposed Trump: List of Republicans who oppose the 2020 Donald Trump presidential campaign - WikipediaFootnotes[1] The Lincoln Project, Reclaim Our Party, the Bravery Project and more: The crowded, competitive world of anti-Trump GOP groups[1] The Lincoln Project, Reclaim Our Party, the Bravery Project and more: The crowded, competitive world of anti-Trump GOP groups[1] The Lincoln Project, Reclaim Our Party, the Bravery Project and more: The crowded, competitive world of anti-Trump GOP groups[1] The Lincoln Project, Reclaim Our Party, the Bravery Project and more: The crowded, competitive world of anti-Trump GOP groups[2] The Bravery Project[2] The Bravery Project[2] The Bravery Project[2] The Bravery Project[3] Home - Christians Against Trumpism[3] Home - Christians Against Trumpism[3] Home - Christians Against Trumpism[3] Home - Christians Against Trumpism[4] Statements Archives - Checks and Balances[4] Statements Archives - Checks and Balances[4] Statements Archives - Checks and Balances[4] Statements Archives - Checks and Balances[5] Charles G. Boyd - Wikipedia[5] Charles G. Boyd - Wikipedia[5] Charles G. Boyd - Wikipedia[5] Charles G. Boyd - Wikipedia[6] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqv7keP4o-Q[6] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqv7keP4o-Q[6] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqv7keP4o-Q[6] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqv7keP4o-Q[7] Retired General Backs Biden, Says A 2nd Trump Term Would Put Democracy 'At Risk'[7] Retired General Backs Biden, Says A 2nd Trump Term Would Put Democracy 'At Risk'[7] Retired General Backs Biden, Says A 2nd Trump Term Would Put Democracy 'At Risk'[7] Retired General Backs Biden, Says A 2nd Trump Term Would Put Democracy 'At Risk'[8] Former Montana GOP governor Marc Racicot voting for Biden[8] Former Montana GOP governor Marc Racicot voting for Biden[8] Former Montana GOP governor Marc Racicot voting for Biden[8] Former Montana GOP governor Marc Racicot voting for Biden[9] I was a Republican governor of Pa. I'm voting for Joe Biden | Opinion[9] I was a Republican governor of Pa. I'm voting for Joe Biden | Opinion[9] I was a Republican governor of Pa. I'm voting for Joe Biden | Opinion[9] I was a Republican governor of Pa. I'm voting for Joe Biden | Opinion[10] Cindy McCain, Widow Of Onetime GOP Nominee, Endorses Biden For President [10] Cindy McCain, Widow Of Onetime GOP Nominee, Endorses Biden For President [10] Cindy McCain, Widow Of Onetime GOP Nominee, Endorses Biden For President [10] Cindy McCain, Widow Of Onetime GOP Nominee, Endorses Biden For President [11] Cindy McCain Formally Endorses Biden[11] Cindy McCain Formally Endorses Biden[11] Cindy McCain Formally Endorses Biden[11] Cindy McCain Formally Endorses Biden[12] Exclusive: Biden garners more Republican endorsements, this time from ex-governors[12] Exclusive: Biden garners more Republican endorsements, this time from ex-governors[12] Exclusive: Biden garners more Republican endorsements, this time from ex-governors[12] Exclusive: Biden garners more Republican endorsements, this time from ex-governors[13] Mona Charen: Why this pro-life conservative is voting for Biden[13] Mona Charen: Why this pro-life conservative is voting for Biden[13] Mona Charen: Why this pro-life conservative is voting for Biden[13] Mona Charen: Why this pro-life conservative is voting for Biden[14] Conservative commentator Margaret Hoover says she will 'quite likely' vote for Biden[14] Conservative commentator Margaret Hoover says she will 'quite likely' vote for Biden[14] Conservative commentator Margaret Hoover says she will 'quite likely' vote for Biden[14] Conservative commentator Margaret Hoover says she will 'quite likely' vote for Biden[15] Former RNC Chair Michael Steele Joins Pro-Biden Republican Group Lincoln Project[15] Former RNC Chair Michael Steele Joins Pro-Biden Republican Group Lincoln Project[15] Former RNC Chair Michael Steele Joins Pro-Biden Republican Group Lincoln Project[15] Former RNC Chair Michael Steele Joins Pro-Biden Republican Group Lincoln Project[16] Former Republican Party chair says Trump trying to "hijack" election after endorsing Joe Biden[16] Former Republican Party chair says Trump trying to "hijack" election after endorsing Joe Biden[16] Former Republican Party chair says Trump trying to "hijack" election after endorsing Joe Biden[16] Former Republican Party chair says Trump trying to "hijack" election after endorsing Joe Biden[17] 4 Republicans to speak on opening night of Democratic National Convention[17] 4 Republicans to speak on opening night of Democratic National Convention[17] 4 Republicans to speak on opening night of Democratic National Convention[17] 4 Republicans to speak on opening night of Democratic National Convention[18] https://youtu.be/g_jmm2NLLeQ[19] https://youtu.be/2jpXXoEmH-8[19] https://youtu.be/2jpXXoEmH-8[19] https://youtu.be/2jpXXoEmH-8[19] https://youtu.be/2jpXXoEmH-8[20] Joe Biden Just Gave an Incredibly Powerful Speech at John McCain’s Memorial[20] Joe Biden Just Gave an Incredibly Powerful Speech at John McCain’s Memorial[20] Joe Biden Just Gave an Incredibly Powerful Speech at John McCain’s Memorial[20] Joe Biden Just Gave an Incredibly Powerful Speech at John McCain’s Memorial[21] Former GOP Rep. Charlie Dent endorses Biden[21] Former GOP Rep. Charlie Dent endorses Biden[21] Former GOP Rep. Charlie Dent endorses Biden[21] Former GOP Rep. Charlie Dent endorses Biden[22] More than 70 former GOP national security officials endorse Biden for president[22] More than 70 former GOP national security officials endorse Biden for president[22] More than 70 former GOP national security officials endorse Biden for president[22] More than 70 former GOP national security officials endorse Biden for president[23] Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden - Defending Democracy Together[23] Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden - Defending Democracy Together[23] Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden - Defending Democracy Together[23] Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden - Defending Democracy Together[24] Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden - Defending Democracy Together[24] Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden - Defending Democracy Together[24] Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden - Defending Democracy Together[24] Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden - Defending Democracy Together[25] Former Trump official: ‘You were hired to handle America’s worst day and you’ve absolutely failed’[25] Former Trump official: ‘You were hired to handle America’s worst day and you’ve absolutely failed’[25] Former Trump official: ‘You were hired to handle America’s worst day and you’ve absolutely failed’[25] Former Trump official: ‘You were hired to handle America’s worst day and you’ve absolutely failed’[26] All The Republicans Who Have Endorsed Joe Biden For President[26] All The Republicans Who Have Endorsed Joe Biden For President[26] All The Republicans Who Have Endorsed Joe Biden For President[26] All The Republicans Who Have Endorsed Joe Biden For President[27] Jeff Flake joins over two-dozen former GOP members of Congress to launch ‘Republicans for Biden’[27] Jeff Flake joins over two-dozen former GOP members of Congress to launch ‘Republicans for Biden’[27] Jeff Flake joins over two-dozen former GOP members of Congress to launch ‘Republicans for Biden’[27] Jeff Flake joins over two-dozen former GOP members of Congress to launch ‘Republicans for Biden’[28] 'He's going to be unleashed': Republican DOJ appointees urge against Trump second term[28] 'He's going to be unleashed': Republican DOJ appointees urge against Trump second term[28] 'He's going to be unleashed': Republican DOJ appointees urge against Trump second term[28] 'He's going to be unleashed': Republican DOJ appointees urge against Trump second term[29] We've Had Enough | The Lincoln Project[29] We've Had Enough | The Lincoln Project[29] We've Had Enough | The Lincoln Project[29] We've Had Enough | The Lincoln Project[30] Anti-Trump PAC ‘The Lincoln Project’ Launching ‘Lincoln Women,’ Led By Prominent GOP Women[30] Anti-Trump PAC ‘The Lincoln Project’ Launching ‘Lincoln Women,’ Led By Prominent GOP Women[30] Anti-Trump PAC ‘The Lincoln Project’ Launching ‘Lincoln Women,’ Led By Prominent GOP Women[30] Anti-Trump PAC ‘The Lincoln Project’ Launching ‘Lincoln Women,’ Led By Prominent GOP Women[31] Hundreds of former aides to George W. Bush, John McCain endorse Biden for president[31] Hundreds of former aides to George W. Bush, John McCain endorse Biden for president[31] Hundreds of former aides to George W. Bush, John McCain endorse Biden for president[31] Hundreds of former aides to George W. Bush, John McCain endorse Biden for president[32] McCain Alums endorse Joe Biden for President[32] McCain Alums endorse Joe Biden for President[32] McCain Alums endorse Joe Biden for President[32] McCain Alums endorse Joe Biden for President[33] I'm Billy Graham's granddaughter. Evangelical support of Donald Trump spits on his legacy.[33] I'm Billy Graham's granddaughter. Evangelical support of Donald Trump spits on his legacy.[33] I'm Billy Graham's granddaughter. Evangelical support of Donald Trump spits on his legacy.[33] I'm Billy Graham's granddaughter. Evangelical support of Donald Trump spits on his legacy.[34] Lincoln Project Unveils Veteran Coalition Opposing Trump's Re-Election | The Well News | Pragmatic, Governance, Fiscally Responsible, News & Analysis[34] Lincoln Project Unveils Veteran Coalition Opposing Trump's Re-Election | The Well News | Pragmatic, Governance, Fiscally Responsible, News & Analysis[34] Lincoln Project Unveils Veteran Coalition Opposing Trump's Re-Election | The Well News | Pragmatic, Governance, Fiscally Responsible, News & Analysis[34] Lincoln Project Unveils Veteran Coalition Opposing Trump's Re-Election | The Well News | Pragmatic, Governance, Fiscally Responsible, News & Analysis[35] Bush administration alums form pro-Biden super PAC[36] Exclusive: Hundreds of George W. Bush administration officials to back Biden, group says[37] 'Democracy is at stake': Former Bush aides and staffers launch super PAC in support of Biden[38] About Us[39] Dedicated Americans Protecting Democracy | The Lincoln Project[40] Twitter[41] Twitter[42] CLAUDIA CONWAY on Twitter[43] Defending Democracy Together[44] The Republicans who'd prefer Joe Biden might swing the election[45] Republicans for a New President[46] Stand Up Republic – Home[47] GOP members create super PAC to boost Joe Biden ahead of election[48] Republican operatives launch new group supporting Biden[49] Stand Up Republic – Home[50] Evan McMullin - Wikipedia[51] Group of N.C. Republicans come out in support of Joe Biden[52] Trump's former defense secretary Mattis blasts president as a threat to American democracy[52] Trump's former defense secretary Mattis blasts president as a threat to American democracy[52] Trump's former defense secretary Mattis blasts president as a threat to American democracy[52] Trump's former defense secretary Mattis blasts president as a threat to American democracy[53] General James Mattis Statement[53] General James Mattis Statement[53] General James Mattis Statement[53] General James Mattis Statement[54] Ex-Joint Chiefs chair 'sickened' by action against DC protesters, says not 'appropriate' to call in military[54] Ex-Joint Chiefs chair 'sickened' by action against DC protesters, says not 'appropriate' to call in military[54] Ex-Joint Chiefs chair 'sickened' by action against DC protesters, says not 'appropriate' to call in military[54] Ex-Joint Chiefs chair 'sickened' by action against DC protesters, says not 'appropriate' to call in military[55] Former Joint Chiefs of Staff Chair warns military use against protests could sink public trust to Vietnam-era level[55] Former Joint Chiefs of Staff Chair warns military use against protests could sink public trust to Vietnam-era level[55] Former Joint Chiefs of Staff Chair warns military use against protests could sink public trust to Vietnam-era level[55] Former Joint Chiefs of Staff Chair warns military use against protests could sink public trust to Vietnam-era level[56] The US military is facing a danger unlike any war – a president seeking to sow division and discord | Kim Sengupta[56] The US military is facing a danger unlike any war – a president seeking to sow division and discord | Kim Sengupta[56] The US military is facing a danger unlike any war – a president seeking to sow division and discord | Kim Sengupta[56] The US military is facing a danger unlike any war – a president seeking to sow division and discord | Kim Sengupta[57] Former Joint Chiefs Chairman Condemns Trump's Threat To Use Military At Protests[57] Former Joint Chiefs Chairman Condemns Trump's Threat To Use Military At Protests[57] Former Joint Chiefs Chairman Condemns Trump's Threat To Use Military At Protests[57] Former Joint Chiefs Chairman Condemns Trump's Threat To Use Military At Protests[58] Breaking News, Latest News and Videos[58] Breaking News, Latest News and Videos[58] Breaking News, Latest News and Videos[58] Breaking News, Latest News and Videos[59] http://Where will you draw the line, and when will you draw it?"[59] http://Where will you draw the line, and when will you draw it?"[59] http://Where will you draw the line, and when will you draw it?"[59] http://Where will you draw the line, and when will you draw it?"[60] https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/02/secretary-esper-you-violated-your-oath-aiding-trumps-photo-op-thats-why-im-resigning/?arc404=true[60] https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/02/secretary-esper-you-violated-your-oath-aiding-trumps-photo-op-thats-why-im-resigning/?arc404=true[60] https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/02/secretary-esper-you-violated-your-oath-aiding-trumps-photo-op-thats-why-im-resigning/?arc404=true[60] https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/02/secretary-esper-you-violated-your-oath-aiding-trumps-photo-op-thats-why-im-resigning/?arc404=true[61] Trump’s Former Chief Kelly Sides With Mattis Criticism[61] Trump’s Former Chief Kelly Sides With Mattis Criticism[61] Trump’s Former Chief Kelly Sides With Mattis Criticism[61] Trump’s Former Chief Kelly Sides With Mattis Criticism[62] Retired Navy Admiral William McRaven: "Nothing Morally Right" About Trump Bible Photo-Op[62] Retired Navy Admiral William McRaven: "Nothing Morally Right" About Trump Bible Photo-Op[62] Retired Navy Admiral William McRaven: "Nothing Morally Right" About Trump Bible Photo-Op[62] Retired Navy Admiral William McRaven: "Nothing Morally Right" About Trump Bible Photo-Op[63] George W Bush and Mitt Romney among Republicans who say they won’t back Trump re-election[63] George W Bush and Mitt Romney among Republicans who say they won’t back Trump re-election[63] George W Bush and Mitt Romney among Republicans who say they won’t back Trump re-election[63] George W Bush and Mitt Romney among Republicans who say they won’t back Trump re-election[64] Colin Powell calls Trump a liar, says he skirts the Constitution, will vote Biden[64] Colin Powell calls Trump a liar, says he skirts the Constitution, will vote Biden[64] Colin Powell calls Trump a liar, says he skirts the Constitution, will vote Biden[64] Colin Powell calls Trump a liar, says he skirts the Constitution, will vote Biden[65] Trump shares letter that calls peaceful protesters 'terrorists'[65] Trump shares letter that calls peaceful protesters 'terrorists'[65] Trump shares letter that calls peaceful protesters 'terrorists'[65] Trump shares letter that calls peaceful protesters 'terrorists'[66] Former Army secretary backs Biden, citing ‘moral leadership’[66] Former Army secretary backs Biden, citing ‘moral leadership’[66] Former Army secretary backs Biden, citing ‘moral leadership’[66] Former Army secretary backs Biden, citing ‘moral leadership’[67] Former commander of US ground forces in Iraq blasts Trump as 'racist'[67] Former commander of US ground forces in Iraq blasts Trump as 'racist'[67] Former commander of US ground forces in Iraq blasts Trump as 'racist'[67] Former commander of US ground forces in Iraq blasts Trump as 'racist'[68] Admiral from bin Laden raid: US 'needs to move forward without' Trump[68] Admiral from bin Laden raid: US 'needs to move forward without' Trump[68] Admiral from bin Laden raid: US 'needs to move forward without' Trump[68] Admiral from bin Laden raid: US 'needs to move forward without' Trump[69] List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations - Wikipedia[69] List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations - Wikipedia[69] List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations - Wikipedia[69] List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations - Wikipedia[70] Trump's former Homeland Security chief of staff endorses Joe Biden[70] Trump's former Homeland Security chief of staff endorses Joe Biden[70] Trump's former Homeland Security chief of staff endorses Joe Biden[70] Trump's former Homeland Security chief of staff endorses Joe Biden[71] List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign - Wikipedia[71] List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign - Wikipedia[71] List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign - Wikipedia[71] List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign - Wikipedia[72] https://youtu.be/g_jmm2NLLeQ[72] https://youtu.be/g_jmm2NLLeQ[72] https://youtu.be/g_jmm2NLLeQ[72] https://youtu.be/g_jmm2NLLeQ[73] Why Is the Left Angry at Republicans Working to Elect Joe Biden?[73] Why Is the Left Angry at Republicans Working to Elect Joe Biden?[73] Why Is the Left Angry at Republicans Working to Elect Joe Biden?[73] Why Is the Left Angry at Republicans Working to Elect Joe Biden?[74] GOP Vermont gov. says he won't vote for Trump but "would consider" supporting Biden[74] GOP Vermont gov. says he won't vote for Trump but "would consider" supporting Biden[74] GOP Vermont gov. says he won't vote for Trump but "would consider" supporting Biden[74] GOP Vermont gov. says he won't vote for Trump but "would consider" supporting Biden[75] Citing Election Delay Tweet, Influential Trump Ally Now Demands His Re-Impeachment[75] Citing Election Delay Tweet, Influential Trump Ally Now Demands His Re-Impeachment[75] Citing Election Delay Tweet, Influential Trump Ally Now Demands His Re-Impeachment[75] Citing Election Delay Tweet, Influential Trump Ally Now Demands His Re-Impeachment[76] Former GOP Candidate Carly Fiorina Throws Support Behind Biden[76] Former GOP Candidate Carly Fiorina Throws Support Behind Biden[76] Former GOP Candidate Carly Fiorina Throws Support Behind Biden[76] Former GOP Candidate Carly Fiorina Throws Support Behind Biden[77] The wealthy Republicans who want to oust Trump in November's election[77] The wealthy Republicans who want to oust Trump in November's election[77] The wealthy Republicans who want to oust Trump in November's election[77] The wealthy Republicans who want to oust Trump in November's election[78] The wealthy Republicans who want to oust Trump in November's election[78] The wealthy Republicans who want to oust Trump in November's election[78] The wealthy Republicans who want to oust Trump in November's election[78] The wealthy Republicans who want to oust Trump in November's election[79] Mark Cuban explains why he backs Biden in November: 'Joe Biden actually wants to run a country'[79] Mark Cuban explains why he backs Biden in November: 'Joe Biden actually wants to run a country'[79] Mark Cuban explains why he backs Biden in November: 'Joe Biden actually wants to run a country'[79] Mark Cuban explains why he backs Biden in November: 'Joe Biden actually wants to run a country'[80] List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements - Wikipedia[80] List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements - Wikipedia[80] List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements - Wikipedia[80] List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements - Wikipedia[81] List of Republicans who oppose the 2020 Donald Trump presidential campaign - Wikipedia[81] List of Republicans who oppose the 2020 Donald Trump presidential campaign - Wikipedia[81] List of Republicans who oppose the 2020 Donald Trump presidential campaign - Wikipedia[81] List of Republicans who oppose the 2020 Donald Trump presidential campaign - Wikipedia

Either a prosecutor or a defense attorney may ask the court to consider a person a hostile witness if they are not testifying favorably. It essentially means that the witness you call to testify is not on your side, i.e., is 'hostile' to your client's position. Nevertheless, you want to call that witness to testify in your case (in which you're trying to prove your case, not disprove the other side's) for other reasons, i.e., to fill in some facts that need to be stated for you to satisfy your burden of putting into evidence all of the facts necessary to demonstrate your entitlement to bring the claims your client has asserted. If the Judge accepts your assertion that the witness is hostile to your case, you are permitted to 'lead' the witness with questions like, 'isn't it true that the light was red when you first observed the blue car?' If the witness is not 'hostile' the lawyer is not permitted to 'lead' the witness, i.e., to suggest the answer to the question. All you're allowed to do is to ask open-ended questions like 'where were you on the 20th of March? Who, if anyone else, was also there?' Treating a witness as hostile is a mechanism to cross examine the witness when there are circumstances that dictate this. Here are 2 such circumstances:When you have called a witness in your own case in chief but they are an unfavorable witness or an 'adverse witness,' you may treat the witness as hostile and cross examine the witness. You technically do not have to request permission from the Judge but it is always good form and respectful if you do request such permission.When you have called a witness and are performing direct examination of this witness (because you believed they would testify as a favorable witness) but they start changing their story and are not cooperating, you may request permission to treat the witness as an adverse witness (aka 'hostile'). This allows the attorney to cross examine the witness.-Corri D. Fetman, Esq.Corri Fetman & Associates, Ltd.www.cfalawfirm.comUnder the rules of evidence, you are not supposed to ask leading questions of your own witness because leading questions suggest the answer. In other words, you can spoon feed answers to your witnesses, and that's not what the courts want. They want you to ask open ended questions so the witness can testify based on what they know instead of what the attorney tells them.For example, if you call a witness to testify that the light was red when the other side crashed into your client, the attorney cannot ask:"Isn't it true that the light was red?"Instead, they should ask 'What color was the light?' This way the witness answers based on their own experience.For the first question, the other side's attorney would object to the question as "leading."However, if the witness is 'hostile' for whatever reason then you may ask the court to declare the witness as hostile so you can ask leading questions, even if the attorney called the witness. Without such a showing, it is presumed that your own witnesses are not 'hostile', so opposing attorneys will object to your questions as leading.Usually, a 'hostile' witness is one that won't answer your questions, shows a bias against you, or other similar reasons. I once had a hostile witness in a criminal case where I was a prosecutor, and the witness was a cooperating criminal. He wouldn't answer my questions directly so I asked the judge to declare him a hostile witness.Here is Federal Rule of Evidence 611:http://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/rule_611-MATTHEW S. JAMESJames DefenseThe essence of the question is asking the court to recognize that the lawyer has called a witness to the stand on direct examination that is hostile to the claim or defense. Normally, a lawyer is given very little latitude when questioning witnesses favorable to her positions in the case. The lawyer is not supposed to ask a question that suggests the desired answer. Lawyers call these 'leading questions.' Think of them this way, a leading question essentially allows the lawyer to testify through the witness by designing questions that can only be answered in a yes/no format. Questions that begin with 'Isn't it true that...' or that in themselves are statements not asking for open explanation are leading questions. If I as a trial lawyer called the witness to the stand there is a normal presumption that the witness is favorable to me, therefore I cannot ask leading questions.When the lawyer asks the court to treat the witness as hostile, the lawyer is asking permission to lead the witness to make specific points from a witness that normally does not want those points made. Normally, unless the witness is actually an opponent in the litigation or a hired expert witness for an opponent, the court will not allow the witness to be treated as a hostile witness until the witness exhibits hostility to the sponsoring lawyers positions in testimony with non-leading, open ended questioning.-Lin McCrawMcCrawGanttBoard Certified in Personal Injury Trial Law by the Texas Board of Legal SpecializationIf I am representing my client and call a witness, I generally expect that witness to support my case. Sometimes a witness will have information that is NOT supportive. Since I've called the witness, I may ask the court to name the witness as 'hostile.' That allows me to use the tools of cross-examination which are not generally allowed in direct testimony.-J. Kim Wright, J.D.Member, NC Bar1989 Graduate of University of Florida Lawhttp://www.cuttingedgelaw.com/The phrase appears in movies and television more so than in real life. However what it really means is that the lawyer is seeking the ability to ask 'leading' questions of the witness. A 'leading' question is one that suggests the answer desired by the lawyer. Examples include 'You never actually saw Bill that night, did you?' or 'You never reported the incident to management, did you?' Leading questions allow the lawyer to control the dialogue more easily so that the jury hears the testimony in such a way that is the lawyer's choosing while making it harder for the witness to avoid answering the question.Generally a lawyer cannot ask leading questions of witnesses unless the witness is on cross-examination or is being clearly evasive in the witness' answers (i.e. 'hostile'). So the lawyer is asking the judge to make the determination that the witness is being clearly evasive so as to allow the lawyer to ask leading questions. Certain witnesses are assumed to be 'hostile' and therefore it isn't necessary to ask for permission to ask leading questions. These can include opposing parties, people employed by opposing parties or otherwise under the influence or control of opposing parties.-John H. Barkley, Esq.Attorney at LawShustak & Partners, P.C.Certain questioning techniques are allowed when a witness is consideredhostile, which would otherwise be objectionable. The best example - alawyer can ask the witness questions that are leading in nature, which wouldotherwise not be allowed. A judge will grant such permission if the witness is not answering questions properly, being evasive or otherwise difficult.-Lance E. MuellerMueller, S.C.Generally speaking the phrase 'permission to treat a witness as hostile' is a cue to both the judge and the jury that a witness is not cooperating with the judicial process and/or is not being honest with their answers. An attorney can ask questions to a hostile witness that they would not be able to ask a friendly witness, so the allowance can broaden the manner of interrogation.-Matthew Reischer, Esqhttp://www.LegalAdvice.comNormally when a lawyer calls a witness they are only allowed to conduct direct examination. So for example, a question might be 'What time did you leave the store?' After a lawyer finishes questioning a witness the other side gets to cross examine the witnesses. In cross examination you can ask leading questions. A leading question might be 'Isn't it true that you left the store at 4:30?' The advantage to a leading question is that the lawyer is providing the information to the court through the witness.When a lawyer calls a witness who is non-cooperative or refuses to answer questions, they can, at the discretion of the judge, be considered hostile. When a witness is determined to be hostile the lawyer on 'direct' can then use leading questions to facilitate their testimony.This technique is used if you require the testimony of the adverse party,or someone close to them (parent, spouse, employee, etc.) in order to make a critical point in a case. A lawyer has to be careful though, because judges don't always grant the request. Then you are stuck trying to 'pull' what you need from direct questions, and then the other lawyer gets to lead what might be a very friendly witness to them.I have tried civil, criminal and family court cases involving direct and cross examination of witnesses, and dealt with the 'permission to treat the witness as hostile' question in a multi-day trial just a few weeks ago.-James R. Snell, Jr.Attorney at LawLexington, South Carolinawww.snelllaw.comThis is when a lawyer asks a Judge permission to ask a witness, usually his own, leading questions (You saw my client sign the contract, correct?) on direct examination. Leading questions usually are only asked during cross examination. A hostile witness is someone who's testimony is contrary to the facts and law the lawyer seeks to present, therefore the lawyer must now impeach the testimony of the witness. A witness on cross examination is presumed to be hostile, so the lawyer does not need to seek the court's permission to treat the witness as hostile.-Andrellos MitchellAttorney & Counselor at LawLaw Office of Andrellos MitchellThe short answer is that it means the lawyer is asking the judge if the lawyer may insert a ring through the witness's nose and lead the witness wherever the lawyer leads.Now, why might that lawyer need that permission and why might the judge grant it? Well, broadly speaking, there are two rules that lawyers must follow at trial concerning the manner in which lawyers question witnesses. On direct examination, a lawyer generally may not 'lead the witness.' On cross-examination, the lawyer may do so, and generally will use nothing but leading questions.Direct examination is the type of examination that, generally speaking, occurs when a lawyer is putting on his client's case-in-chief and calls a witness to the stand to testify. The lawyer must not lead the witness during questioning on direct examination. A leading question is one that suggests the answer, such as, 'You left the bar at about 10:00 p.m. on that night, correct?' 'Yes.' But if the lawyer has the witness on direct examination, the lawyer may not lead. Instead, the lawyer has to resort to who, what, why, when, and how questions, or 'Please explain to the jury . . .' or 'Please tell the Court . . .' So, back to our example about the guy leaving the bar, on direct examination the question becomes, 'Now, on the night of the accident, Mr. Client, about what time did you leave the bar?'On cross examination, which occurs when the lawyer is questioning a witness called or clearly associated with an adverse party, the lawyer is permitted to lead the witness. Cross examination is great fun for trial lawyers, because in essence, they get to do the testifying. In theory, the lawyer just puts the words in the witness's mouth, and ideally all the witness says is yes or no. And as a result, the lawyer has much greater control over the course of the testimony. Well-coached witnesses will fight you, but there are other techniques for dealing with that problem. By contrast, direct examination involves much less control by the lawyer and can be more challenging for that reason.So what's with this permission-to-treat-witness-as-hostile question? Well, on occasion a lawyer may have to call a witness in his client's case-in-chief who is just not all that fond of the lawyer's client. Now, if that witnesses is someone clearly identified with an adverse party in the case-let's say plaintiff calls to the stand in her case-in-chief an employee of the corporate defendant-then the lawyer may get to call the witness 'under cross-examination.' In that instance, the lawyer can start with leading questions right out of the gate, from the first question. But let's suppose the witness I have to call is a former employee of my client and for reasons totally unrelated to this case, that ex-employee is just not a real fan of my client anymore. The judge probably will not permit me to call the witness in my client's case-in-chief 'on cross examination' right out of the box. Instead, I may have to begin the questioning as if on direct examination with my usual non-leading, who, what, where, when, and why questions. If, however, the witness starts going off on my client, clearly demonstrating hostility and damaging my oh-so-well-crafted story for the jury, then I turn to the judge and say, 'Your Honor, may I have permission to treat the witness as hostile?' And if the judge grants that permission, I may now start using leading questions to get the witness to where I want to go.-Charles PenotThe Law Offices of Charles Penot, PLLCWhen a lawyer asks permission to treat a witness as hostile, they are doing that so that they can 'lead' the witness. When an attorney calls a witness and questions him or her, that is called a direct examination and the attorney must ask open-ended questions rather than leading questions. This is a more amiable conversation than a cross-examination, during which leading questions are asked (wherein the answer is implied). Unfortunately, sometimes a witness that may be helpful to your case does not want to cooperate and therefore, your client will be better protected if you can ask leading questions (it's also easier to elicit the answer you want). The attorney must request permission to treat the witness as hostile so that the leading questions are not objectionable.-Shari-Lynn Cuomo Shore, Esq.Wolf & Shore, LLCwww.wolfandshorelaw.comWhen a lawyer asks to treat a witness as hostile they are asking the Judge for permission to question the witness in a certain way. Traditionally when a lawyer calls a witness in their case in chief (i.e. the plaintiff's lawyer calls the defendant as a witness on the plaintiff's behalf), the witness may not be favorable to the parties case (i.e. the defendant doesn't want to testify on the plaintiff's behalf). When you are calling your own witness that is determined to be hostile you may do certain things such as ask leading questions 'Weren't you there on that night' instead of 'Where were you on this night'. It basically involves starting the question off assuming the answer or using questions that solicit yes and no answers. The goal of leading questions is to solicit information the witness is otherwise going to be elusive in providing when asking open ended or less direct questions.Attorney's usually have an unfettered right to ask leading questions on cross-examination, so if the plaintiff's lawyer calls the defendant as a witness, when the defendant's attorney is cross examining her at that time, the defendant's attorney may automatically (subject to each state's rules) use leading questions.-Tiffany S. FrancAttorneyhttp://www.pklaw.com/Generally, a witness must ask open-ended questions when examining their own witnesses and can only cross-examine (i.e., ask leading questions) when questioning witnesses called by an opposing party. However, sometimes a lawyer needs to call as a witness someone who is not cooperative and acting hostile to the lawyer and his client. If that happens, the lawyer can ask the judge for 'permission to treat the witness as hostile.' If the judge agrees, the lawyer can then ask leading questions. A judge will review both the witness's manner on the stand and any interest adverse to the lawyer and his client. So, most frequently, a lawyer tries to question his witnesses with open-ended questions and seeks permission to treat as hostile after the witness demonstrates hostility and un-cooperativeness. Nevertheless, sometimes a lawyer can ask before even questioning if it is clear that the witness will be adverse. If not granted, he can request again if the witness is, in fact, hostile to the initial questions.-Thomas J. Simeone, Esq.Simeone & Miller, LLPwww.SimeoneMiller.comThe meaning or purpose of asking the court for leave to treat a witness as hostile is that the attorney is seeking leave to ask leading questions (which are generally not allowed on direct examination of a witness that the attorney has called to testify) and to possibly impeach or discredit the witness with his/her prior statements or conduct.It is generally used when a witness who is either thought to be neutral, or even un-helpful to the attorney's client in some respect, has to be called because they can offer some key piece of evidence that cannot be introduced otherwise.-John R. O'Brien, AttorneyChicago, IllinoisLicensed in Illinois since 1978An adverse or hostile witness is a witness whose trial testimony, on DIRECT examination, is "adverse" or "hostile" to the lawyer questioning the witness. For example, a lawyer calls the complainant at trial when the lawyer represents the defendant who supposedly victimized the complainant. The lawyer can ask that the complainant be designated "hostile" because the complainant is adverse to the defense position. Allowing the witness to be designated hostile allows the lawyer to then ask LEADING questions. A leading question calls for a "yes" or "no" answer. The direct examination then proceeds in a leading manner (as if the witness is being cross-examined).-Neal Davis is a criminal defense attorney in Houston, Texas and founder of the Neal Davis Law Firm, PLLC. Neal is board certified by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization in criminal law and has garnered national recognition for defending cases before the US Supreme Court and Texas courts.www.houstoncriminaldefenselawyers.comYou are asking the judge to allow you to ask the witness leading questions, which have presumptive elements about them and may even suggest the answer.Some witnesses are adverse by nature - party opponents for instance. They are hostile witnesses by nature and will usually erect vague and ambiguous answers to your questions. They can drag the case on with such antics. Who, what, when, where and why are not leading. "Isn't it true?" is a leading question and allowed during cross examination or if the court allows leading questions on direct examination of a hostile witness.-Dr. Shawn Council, Esquire, LPDAttorney at LawDoctorate of Law & Policywww.shawncouncil.comAn angry witness is stewing on the witness stand poised to pounce at any moment on our hero - the social pariah of a lawyer who is taking on corrupt government, big business, or vile criminals. As our hero fires off several rounds of questions, he's outmatched by the cunning of the witness. Until suddenly, our hero screams out, 'Permission to treat the witness as hostile?' The judge readily grants the motion and a high stakes drama unfolds which eventually leads to the witness's shocking confession before a stunned jury.But permission to treat a witness as hostile isn't usually all that exciting. The rules of evidence allow attorneys to use leading questions in cross examination against the opposing counsel's witness. A leading question is a question that implies the answer and usually involves a yes or no question. For example, these types of questions might start with 'Isn't it true you...."Usually, these types of questions are improper with one's own witnesses. The jury needs to hear testimony from the witness, not the lawyer. So, a lawyer should ask his own witness open ended questions such as who, what, where, when, why, and how. The idea behind the rules is that the opposing counsel's witnesses may be biased or untruthful and leading questions are a tool to fully examine the accuracy of a witness's statement, whereas one's own witnesses must be free to explain what he or she witnessed and not influenced by an attorney trying to win a case. And yet there are times when the attorney's own witness is evasive or prone to be hostile by virtue of the circumstances of the case. In those times, a court may grant latitude to use leading questions because the attorney's own witness is not much different from that of opposing counsel. This is a very common tool when witnesses recant prior testimony.While this fun declaration is usually not as exciting as it's portrayed in the media, it's a very useful tool to the skilled lawyer to get to the bottom of the matter.-Mark Heath, criminal defense attorney,http://www.jacksonwhitelaw.com/Please see the following articles for more information about jobs related to criminal law:Matt Murphy, Senior Deputy District Attorney, Orange County, CaliforniaHow to Become a District AttorneyConsidering a Career as a District Attorney?The Life and Career of Attorney Nancy Grace, Who Turned Lawyer after the Murder of Her Fiance.Top 39 Tips for New Litigation Associates and Trial Lawyers: How to Be a Good Litigation AttorneyJob Opportunities in Criminal LawJury Consultants Continue to be in Hot DemandThe Life and Career of Marcia Clark Criminal Defense AttorneyA Television show for military related crimes by former pilot turned Lawyer : Lt. Cmdr. "Harm" Rabb. Jr.Please see the following articles for more information about jobs related to criminal law:Make a career change as Public DefenderThe Rocky Balboa of Criminal Defense Law: Joseph TacopinaThe Life and Career of Tony Serra: Criminal Defense LawyerDefending the Mob: Chicago Criminal Defense Attorney Rick HalprinTop 39 Tips for New Litigation Associates and Trial Lawyers: How to Be a Good Litigation AttorneyJob Opportunities in Criminal LawJury Consultants Continue to be in Hot DemandA Television Show for Military Related Crimes by Former Pilot Turned Lawyer: Lt. Cmdr. "Harm" Rabb. 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