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I was just scrolling through the internet when I came across a website(trak.in) which posted an article related to the number of scams that have happened in India.I was aware of a few scams but after i read the whole article i literally freaked out and i was like wth? I mean such huge huge huge amounts of money a common man never ever imagine.After reading this you’d wonder how tough can it be to make our country corruption free ?The Fodder Scam – Rs 1000 CroresIf you haven’t heard of Bihar’s fodder scam of 1996, you might still be able to recognize it by the name of Chara Ghotala, as it is popularly known in the vernacular language.The scam involved fabrication of fictitious livestock for which fodder, medicines and animal husbandry equipment was supposedly procured. The animal husbandry department is said to have embezzled Rs 1000 crore through the scheme.Then Chief minister of Bihar Lalu Prasad Yadav was forced to resign in the wake of the scandal.Interesting Fact: Fodder scam had been going on for over two decades before it came to light in 1996Chopper scam – Rs 3600 CroreIndia had signed a contract to purchase 12 AgustaWestland AW101 helicopters in February 2010. The Rs3600 crore-scam came to light on February 12, 2013, when Finmeccanica CEO Giuseppe Orsi was arrested by Italian authorities for bribes allegedly paid to secure the sale of 12 helicopters to India.On March 13, 2013, the CBI had filed an FIR against the former IAF chief and 12 others for alleged cheating and criminal conspiracy in the Rs 3600 crore VVIP helicopter deal. The FIR also named brother of former Union minister Santosh Bagrodia, Satish Bagrodia and Pratap Aggarwal, Chairman and Managing Director of IDS Infotech in the case.Interesting Fact: Tyagi is first chief of the Indian Air Force to be named in a corruption or criminal case by the CBI.SourceHarshad Mehta Stock Market Scam – Rs 5000 croresLegend in the Indian stock market, famously know as ‘Big Bull’ among stock brokers. Harshad Mehta exploited a loop hole in the Indian Banking system and was engaged in a massive stock manipulation scheme financed by worthless bank receipts, which his firm brokered in “ready forward” transactions between banks.Mehta was convicted by the Bombay High Court and Supreme Court of India for his part in a financial scandal valued at Rs 5000 Crore which took place on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). He was tried for 9 years, until he died in the late 2001.Interesting fact: In 1995 he made a public announcement in which he claimed to have given Rs 1 Crore to the then congress Prime Minister Narsimha Rao.SourceThe Hawala Scandal – RS 5395 croreHawala is one of the biggest ever scandal which involved over 115 top politicians and bureaucrats of the country. Never before so many top politicians been caught in a single scandal. From the list of those accused also included LK Advani, VC Shukla, P Shiv Shankar, Sharad Yadav, Balram Jakhar, and Madan Lal Khurana.For the first time in Indian politics, it gave a feeling of open loot all around the public, involving all the major political players being accused of having accepted bribes and also alleged connections about payments being channeled to Hizbul Mujahedeen militants in Kashmir.Interesting fact: No one was convicted after the hawala records were judged inadequate as main evidence in court.SourceUttar Pradesh NRHM Scam – Rs 10,000 CroresThe NRHM scam of Uttar Pradesh is the scam that uprooted the faith of common people in politicians as different levels of investigation revealed amazing facts behind the cases. Top politicians and bureaucrats are alleged to have siphoned off Rs 10,000 crore from the National Rural Health Mission, a central government scheme, meant to improve health care delivery in rural areas. The scam came to the limelight after two Chief Medical Officers (CMO) were shot dead outside their houses.Interesting fact: Deputy-CMO YS Sachan, who was suspected to have had a role in the murders, was arrested, but died mysteriously in prison.SourceSatyam Scam – Rs 14,000 CroresSatyam is the biggest fraud in the corporate history to the tune of Rs 14,000 crore. The company’s disgraced former chairman Ramalinga Raju kept everyone in the dark for a decade by fudging the books of accounts for several years and inflating revenues and profit figures of Satyam. Finally, the company was taken over by the Tech Mahindra which has done wonderfully well to revive the brand Satyam.Interesting Fact: Indian government’s intervention saved number for young employers in loosing their jobs and finally Tech Mahindra took over the company.SourceBellary Mining Scam Reddy Brothers – Rs 16,080 CroresWhat led to Scam: Rising global iron-ore prices driven by Chinese demand brought focus to the iron ore rich Bellary region of Karnataka. A report published by former Lokayukta of Karnataka, Justice Santosh Hegde said that Yeddyurappa and his family members had accepted bribes in the form of donations to trusts from mining companies in exchange for issuing extention of the lease period from 2004 to 2017, which was illegal.This Led resignation of former chief minister BS Yeddyurappa, involved mining barons, the Reddy brothers.Interesting Fact: The Karnataka government suffered a loss of Rs 16,085 crore.SourceTelgi Scam – Rs 20,000 CroresAbdul Karim Telgi, the maestro managed to print fake stamp papers and then sold them to various financial institutions and banks. He appointed 300 people as agents who sold the fakes to bulk purchasers, including banks, insurance companies, and share-broking firms. The tentacles of the fake stamp and stamp paper case had penetrated 12 states and was estimated at a whooping Rs 20,000 crore plus.Interesting Fact: The Telgi clearly had a lot of support from government departments that were responsible for the production and sale of high security stamps.SourceAntrix Devas Scam – Rs 2.0 Lakh crore ( loss )The scam involves former ISRO chairman G Madhavan Nair and three other scientists who were responsible for a controversial contract between Antrix Corporation and Devas Multimedia Private Limited on January 28, 2005. Under the deal, Antrix was to provide 70 MHz of S-Band wavelength to Devas for broadcasting purposes. This was to be done by ISRO leasing out S-band transponders in two satellites (GSAT6 and GSAT6A) to Devas.The principle of ‘first come, first served’ deployed by A. Raja for 2G spectrum allocation – which has landed him in jail – was also followed by space scientists while allocating S-band transponders and spectrum to Devas. The audit report pegged the loss at Rs 2.0 Lakh crore.Interesting Fact: All the risk was to be borne by ISRO, including penalties for delays. With the agreement with Antrix in hand, Devas promoters struck gold. The shareholding pattern quickly changed with one share of 10 going for as much as 1.26 lakhSource.Commonwealth Games Scam – Rs 70,000 CroresAmong all the scams, Common Wealth Games Loot was the only loot which got highest attention in the media. We are not sorry to call this a loot, and here is why.It is estimated that out of Rs 70,000 crore spent on the Games, only half the said amount was spent on Indian sports persons. The Central Vigilance Commission, involved in probing the alleged corruption in various Commonwealth Games-related projects, has found discrepancies in tenders – like payment to non-existent parties, will-full delays in execution of contracts, over-inflated price and bungling in purchase of equipment through tendering – and misappropriation of funds.Interesting Fact: Apart from the money scam there are thirty plus other controversy in Wikipedia page ( More or less we can relate them to money scam ).SourceWakf Board Land Scam – 1.5 – 2 Lakh CroresIn March of 2012, Anwar Maniapdy, the chairman of Karnataka State Minorities Commission submitted a sensational report which alleged 27,000 acres of land, which was controlled by Karnataka Wakf Board had been allocated illegally or misappropriated. The value of land which was misappropriated was in tune of Rs 1.5 to 2 lakh crore.The land managed by Wakf board, a Muslim charitable trust, is typically donated to under-privileged and poor people of Muslim community. However, the report alleged that nearly 50 percent of the land owned by Wakf board was misappropriated by Politicians and Board members in conjunction with real estate mafia at fraction of actual land cost.Interesting Fact: Even after a decade the investigations for this are still ongoing.Source2G Spectrum Scam – Rs 1.76 Lakh CroreOne of the largest financial scams in the country, the 2G scam involves undercharging by government officials to various telecom companies during the allocation of 2G licenses for cell phone subscriptions. The telecom bandwidth tender was undervalued and offered to a preferred few on a ‘First-Come-First-Served’ basis instead of a transparent auction system, advised by the PMO.At the heart of this Rs 1.76 lakh crore worth of scam is the former Telecom minister A Raja – who according to the CAG, has evaded norms at every level as he carried out the dubious 2G license awards in 2008 at a throw-away price which were pegged at 2001 prices. The cases are still going on against many people including A. Raja, M. K. Kanimozhi and many telecommunication companies as well.Interesting Fact: The 2G spectrum allocation happened 5 years earlier than Coal Scam which came out in 2012.SourceIndian Coal Allocation Scam – Rs 1.86 Lakh CroreFancy name by media for this scam is Colgate. While many think that 2G scam remains the biggest one in size in India. But this coal allocation scam dwarfs it by the amount involved. This scam is in regards to Indian Government’s allocation of nation’s coal deposit to PSU’s and private companies. The scam happened under Manmohan Singh government and came out in 2012.Dr Manmohan Singh was in charge of the Coal Ministry between 2006 and 2009. Some of the files missing contain information on allocations of coal fields during this period.After a lot of hammering by the Opposition, all except seven files were traced and sent to the CBI to further the probe.Interesting Fact: Initially the loss was pegged at over a whooping Rs 10 lakh crore, but the CAG revised it to Rs 1.86 lakh crore after leaving out PSUs from its final report.Source

Reading Cem Arslan’s excellent answer, spurred me to research a little more.Wisely Ismet Pasa stayed out of the fray, but at a cost…The Turkish Republic wished the Allies success but wanted to keep equal distance. After Turkey purchased 3 submarines from German yards, it balanced the act by ordering 3 destroyers from Britain.Ref: A Cautious Balance: The Question of Turkey in World War IIInonu feared that the Nazis might want to access the Caspian oil fields without invading Ukraine and Russia. On the other hand pro-Turanists in Inonu’s cabinet feared that a German collapse would empower the Soviet Union to control Europe.ref: (Turkey and the Soviet Union During World War II)As soon as Hitler attacked the Soviet Union, Inönü consistently maintained that Germany would never win the war. It was more for pragmatic purposes that he steadfastly kept Turkey a neutral party.Not long after Turkey declared neutrality, both the Axis and Allied camps made overtures to lure the Turks to their respective sides. From the beginning, Winston Churchill spearheaded the Allied effort to buy Turkey’s loyalty. As early as the fall of 1941, U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull reassured British Ambassador Lord Halifax that the British would be allowed to take the lead in negotiating with Ankara. Allied shipments of war matériel to Turkey began immediately, but Churchill strictly controlled the flow of equipment to ensure it would only be enough for defensive purposes. If German military fortunes appeared to wane, Churchill foresaw increased aid to the Turks as the best way to encourage them into the Allied camp.Turkish soldiers unload American-made bombs and other ordnance at Port Iskenderun.Ref : The Bid to Break Turkish Neutrality in WWII - Warfare History NetworkAs Mussolini’s troops marched into Northern Greece, Churchill asked Inonu to join the Balkan defence as the British North African contingent was overstretched.After beating back the Italians, Greek dictator Metaxas communicated with Hitler -via Admiral Kanaris- asking Germany to warrant the neutrality of Greece and German troops to patrol the Albanian-Greek border. Churchill found out and shipped 2 divisions in Greece, before Hitler made up his mind, in essence preempting a Greek move to remain neutral.Metaxas figured out that to defeat von List armies, another 7 divisions were necessary.Hitler sent more divisions to Romania and Bulgaria in preparation for Barabarossa with the task to eventually move south in case a “Balkan front” threatened the Wehrmacht’s oil supplies.There’s an interesting academic paper showing the tight rope which Inonu walked by Prof. Mehmet Nur Altınörs, Başkent University,Ankara : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321169621_Turkish_Foreign_Policy_during_World_War_IITimeline:On May 12, 1939 mutual understanding treaty between Britain and Turkey was signed and this was followed by a similar treaty between Turkey and France on June 23, 1939.On June 29, 1939, following a referendum, the Hatay legislature voted to disestablish the Hatay State and join Turkey. This referendum has been labelled as "rigged" by some, and a way for the French to let Turkey take over the area, hoping that they would turn on Hitler, allowing numerous Turks - ex-Ottoman residents of Aleppo and Alexandretta Villayets- to return to Hatay to register and participate in the referendum.A triple treaty of aid was signed in Ankara on October 19, 1939 between Turkey, Britain and France.National Protection Law was discussed and adopted by the Turkish Parliament (Turkish Grand Assembly) on January 18, 1940. This law gave extraordinary new duties and powers to the government including declaration of war, total or partial mobilization of the armed forces whenever necessary. This law was in effect for long time with some modifications, and finally was abolished on June 15, 1960.On October 28th, 1940, Italy invades Greece.On December 2d, 1940 blackout in Turkish cities was initiated.Churchill sent İnönü a letter on January 31, 1941. He offered sending British aircraft and anti-aircraft guns to Turkey to stop the German’s advance. İnönü refused the proposal.British Foreign Secretary Eden came to Ankara on February 26, 1941 and demanded from Turkey to declare war against Germany if Greece was attacked by the Germans. This was refused by the Turkish authorities.On March 1st, 1941, Wehrmacht forces began to move into Bulgaria. At the same time, the Bulgarian Army mobilised and took up positions along the Greek frontier.Adolf Hitler sent a letter to president İnönü on March 1, 1941. The content of the letter emphasised that the measures taken by Germany were in no way a threat against Turkey's territorial integrity or political structure. Führer mentioned his wish for future cooperation between Turkey and Germany. Hitler expressed his belief that there is no cause that can be confronting Turkey and Germany. He added that he had already given orders to prevent any misinterpretation about the presence of German troops in Bulgaria. He also reminded that Turkish government should not take any action necessitating changes in the German attitude.On March 2, 1941 Operation Lustre—the transportation of troops and equipment of the BEF to Greece—began and 26 troopships arrived at the port of Piraeus.Ismet Inönü responded to Hitler by sending him a letter on March 12, 1941.On April 6th, 1941, the German armies invaded Greece, while the Luftwaffe began an intensive bombardment of Belgrade. The XL Panzer Corps began their assault at 05:30. They pushed across the Bulgarian frontier into Yugoslavia at two separate points.Hitler sent a second letter talking about friendship and he proposed a non-aggression pact between the two countries. As a result, Turkey's Foreign Minister Şükrü Saraçoğlu and Ambassador von Papen signed Turkish-German friendship and non-aggression treaty on June 18, 1941. (Time Magazine. May 19, 1941).On April 21st, the final decision to evacuate Empire forces to Crete and Egypt was taken and General Wavell – in confirmation of verbal instructions – sent his written orders to the commander of BEF, Wilson. That day Wilson hastened to Athens where he attended a conference with King George II, Papagos, d'Albiac and Rear admiral Turle. In the evening, after telling the King that he felt he had failed him in the task entrusted to him, Prime Minister Koryzis committed suicide.27 April 1941, the first Germans troops entered Athens.By April 30, the evacuation of about 50,000 soldiers was completed, but was heavily contested by the German Luftwaffe, which sank at least 26 troop-laden ships. The Germans captured around 8,000 Empire (including 2,000 Cypriot and Palestinian) and Yugoslav troops in Kalamata who had not been evacuated, while liberating many Italian prisoners from POW camps.In May 1941 all non-Muslim Turkish male citizens between 20-40 years of age were enrolled in the army, but instead of having military training they worked in the battalion operated road construction in a move reminiscent to the Ottoman “Amele Taburları”. Ankara Jew Yaşar Paker, wrote a diary of experiences later published by Leyla Neyzi, researcher at Sabanci University in 2006 : (Wayback Machine)On May 20, 1941. The Germans employed parachute forces in a massive airborne invasion and attacked the three main airfields of Crete. After seven days of fighting and tough resistance, Allied commanders decided that the cause was hopeless and ordered a withdrawal from Sfakia. During the night of 24 May, King George II and his government were evacuated from Crete to Egypt. By June 1st 1941, the evacuation was complete and the island was under German occupation.In May 1941 all the schools in Turkey were dismissed. Additional classes were drafted to army. Civil defence measures were increased.On June 22, 1941, Germany attacked Russia, together with Romania,. Germany's intention to reach Caspian Sea oil deposits by invading Crimean peninsula in the fall of 1941 was a comforting development for Turkey.In December 1941, US President Roosevelt pointed out that Turkey’s defence was beneficial for US defence and he promised to help Turkey through financial loans and the lend lease via the Persian Corridor. In effect Turkey received $ 42 millions from the USA through the Lend Lease Act, American Lend-Lease Aid For Turkey - WASHINGTON, Wednesday. - The Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995) - 5 Dec 1941On January 13, 1942, bread rationing was introduced. This practice was initiated based on the decision of December 17, 1941.The Wealth Tax Law was passed on November 11, 1942. This extraordinary tax was imposed by the circumstances of war. Merchants, artisans, self-employed and those working for salary were subject to this tax. There was no right of appeal. More than half of the total 315 million Turkish liras tax was paid by non-Muslim citizens. Heavy fines and even worse punishments were applied for those who did not abide by the law.Turkish citizens of Jewish, Greek and Armenian origin were mostly affected. Some 1300 individuals who failed to pay the tax in a month’s time were sent to “work camps” in Eastern Turkey. This tax naturally caused intense reaction; tax of 103 million Turkish liras was cancelled and the law was abolished as of early 1944.On January 30 & 31st, 1943, Churchill met personally with the Turkish leadership in Adana.On the first day of the meeting, Marshal Fevzi Cakmak, the Turkish chief of the General Staff, outlined the necessary equipment for his military to be combat-ready. The enormous quantities of equipment included 2,300 tanks, 2,600 guns, and 120,000 tons of aviation fuel. Cakmak also requested trucks, other motor transport, and locomotives complete with coal. As the stunned British delegation took notes, Marshal Cakmak chided the British for not filling his standing request for 500 fighter planes.In his meeting with President Inönü, Churchill agreed to increase Allied supplies to Turkey. In return, Inönü promised nothing more than to reconsider Turkish neutrality. When Churchill inquired about the possibility of Allied air bases in Turkey, Inönü again made no assurances. As long as Axis forces were positioned in Bulgaria, they could threaten Istanbul, the economic centre of Turkey. Until this threat was removed or more military assistance was received, the Turks would remain neutral. Remarkably, two days after the Adana Conference Churchill cabled President Roosevelt to report that his visit to Turkey was a “great success.” Unbeknown to his American allies, Churchill had a very good and very secretive reason to expend so much diplomatic and economic effort to draw Turkey into the war.In early December 1942, the War Cabinet printed a secret report titled “Offensive Strategy in the Mediterranean,” which concluded that after successful operations in Italy, “our next thrust should be directed against the Balkans.” Less than a week after issuing the report, the British Joint Planning Staff ordered its Future Planning Section to “examine and report” on the possibility of a Balkan invasion.By December 1943, an invasion of the Balkans was no longer a serious option. Without landing craft from Overlord there would be no way to land the amphibious invasion force. And without Turkey’s entry into the war, the invasion could not be launched from across the Bosporus. To make matters worse, not only did Churchill face opposition from Stalin and Roosevelt, he now faced internal opposition from Chief of Staff Alan Brooke. Brooke correctly analysed the report from the War Cabinet and noted that any exploitation of the Adriatic bridgehead would take roughly eight divisions.In November 1943, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met face to face for the first time. On the very first day of the Tehran Conference, November 28, Churchill summoned all of his charisma to present Stalin with the Balkan option to ease pressure on the Eastern Front. Roosevelt had not expected the British prime minister to break ranks with him and was at first surprised. Stalin had long since suspected that the British might try to cross the Adriatic, an area Stalin already considered in his sphere of influence.Now it was Stalin’s turn to surprise Churchill. The Soviet dictator adamantly insisted that the Allies stick to their preparations for Overlord along with a diversionary attack through southern France. In the Mediterranean, including in Italy, he wished no offensive action to be taken. Stalin then turned his attention to Turkey, Churchill’s pet project, and expressed his opinion that Turkey was a lost cause. Now that the war was beginning to swing against the Axis, he saw no point in continuing to pamper Ankara with attention.With his hopes of further Mediterranean action dashed, Churchill abruptly ended his courtship of Turkey. Military and economic aid was reduced to a trickle, and blunt language began to replace once kind words of encouragement to Ankara. When the Turkish General Staff asked why its requests for equipment had not been fulfilled completely, one British general quipped that it would have clogged Turkey’s inadequate rail network for years. The British then demanded to know why Turkey had not yet joined the Allies, to which the Turks shot back that 26 Axis divisions were in position to attack Istanbul from bases in Bulgaria.Not long after the conference the British telegraphed a secret note to Washington reporting that the Turks “insist their original demands for equipment can be reduced neither in quantity nor in quality and must be accepted in total before our treaty rights can be discussed.” This was the straw that broke the camel’s back. In no uncertain terms, U.S. and British diplomats told Turkey to end its trade with Germany immediately. The British ambassador to Ankara was instructed to report that if Turkey did not cooperate with Allied demands aid would be cut off and the Western Allies would remain silent if Stalin made postwar demands on territory around the Dardanelles.By early 1944, President Inönü must have realized that his double game would have to end. He never doubted that Germany would lose the war but was now faced with the rising power of his Soviet neighbour. On April 14, 1944, the Turkish National Assembly finally suspended commodity exports to Germany. Ankara severed all diplomatic relations with Berlin four months later. The Allies handed Turkey an ultimatum to declare war on Germany by March 1, 1945, if the Turks wanted a seat in the future United Nations. Just days before the ultimatum expired, Turkey finally entered the war on the Allied side. It was merely a token gesture of good faith.After the success of Operation Overlord was apparent, Churchill did everything in his power to distance himself from the Balkan invasion plans. In his memoirs the former prime minister censored and altered key pieces of evidence to make it appear he had always been a strong proponent of the Normandy invasion. The truth was that Churchill had long expressed private reservations about the invasion of France. He gloomily noted to one adviser in April 1944, “This battle [in Normandy] has been forced upon us by the Russians and by the U.S. military authorities.”In his postwar writing Churchill bitterly maintained that if only Roosevelt had allowed him to capture the Dodecanese islands, Turkey could have been tipped into the war. This was quite unlikely since official British policy was for the islands to be returned to Greece, not Turkey. What Churchill could never admit in his memoirs was that he secretly needed Turkey’s support to allow a British invasion of the Balkans.As WWII drew towards it end and fascist atrocities became known to the world, Inonu launched the “Turanism trial”s in 1944 which prosecuted 40 Turkish leading fascists (including young Alperslan Turkes), for their role (among other feats) for the 1934 Thrace Pogrom, while cancelling the “Wealth Tax”. The trials ended with a pardon in 1947.A personal note:In my opinion, there were far-right elements within Inonu’s government (Koprulu, Esat ‘Bozkurt’, etc) supported by Turanists who believed almost till WWII’s end, that the USA and Britain would come to an agreement with the Nazis in order to attack the Soviet Union.As the war drew to a close and it became evident that the Americans wouldn’t compromise, Inonu started shifting his stance: he cancelled the Turanist inspired “Verlik Vergisi” and put the 40 leading leading Turanists (including A. Turkes) on trial.Nevertheless, it took another 6 months to answer the American’s ultimatum, that should Turkey not declare war on Nazi Germany, it wouldn’t be allowed to join the post-war UN. Finally Inonu declared war on Nazi Germany just a few days before the ultimatum expired.The “Turanists’ trial” ended with a pardon in 1947 and in 1948, Turkes joined a group of Turkish anticommunist military officers for CIA training in the USA.It is obvious that Americans and British had been weary of arming Turkey to the teeth, as it might have tempted ‘some’ to get rid of Inonu and join Hitler’s forces with a view of liberating from the Soviets“Turkic lands” from Crimea to Central Asia, a Turanists all time goal.

50 Small Business Ideas for 2019Starting your own business is everyone’s dream. However, most budding entrepreneurs see their dreams nipped in the bud due to paucity of funds for investment.Should you possess some special skills, you can definitely start your own small business with low investment. While some such small business ideas can be operated from your home, in other cases, you may need to lease small premises.1. Mobile phone repair/ accessories/ rechargeIndia will have nearly 800 million smartphone users by the end of 2022. Further, this figure will grow exponentially as more brands and cheaper variants enter the market.Consequently, the demand for outlets and persons who offer repairs of mobile phones is expected to increase manifold. You can also sell accessories and credit recharge.2. Meal service (Tiffin)One of the best small business idea for women. Nowadays, the demand for home and workplace delivery of meals has increased vastly.You can launch your small business with low investment right from your kitchen by preparing fresh, wholesome meals and supplying them to offices and homes.3. BloggingBlogging is no more a work from home career. Now you can consider blogging a serious small business. You can either start from your home if you have some space or take a small office on rent.Either you can team up with like-minded people or hire people to work on your blog(s). You need to hire a content writer, a SEO expert and a content marketer.There is a huge returns if you make a proper strategy for your blog. People easily earn $10,000+ with such setup. You can start your blog here and once your blog has good traffic then make money with the ways explained here.4. Network marketingNetwork marketing, also known as Multi Level Marketing is an excellent small business. However, you need to tie-up with well reputed brands that offer great products.A search on the Internet will reveal some such major brands, whose products are always in demand.Thanks to rising medical inflation, people nowadays look for unconventional health and nutritional products and supplements as well as skincare and beauty products.You can grow your network marketing businessby promoting its products in your friends circle. You can also promote it online by creating a website.5. Babysitting/ ChildcareThis is a small business for women that can launch from home or small premises. Investment required for opening a babysitting and childcare service is very minimal.All you need to invest in are a few toys, cribs and mattresses.Add a few packets of disposable diapers, antiseptic lotions and a first aid box as well. Nowadays, babysitting and childcare facilities are in very high demand due to the rise in number of working couples.6. Small Online Business IdeasThere are various small business ideas that can be done online from home or office. You can start many of such ideas without investment.We have already covered such business ideas here. You can check which is best suitable for you from the list of 160 business ideas.7. Mobile garage-(Small business for men)Everyone has seen cars, scooters and motorbikes breakdown in the middle of busy roads. The unfortunate owner of these vehicles usually faces a dilemma about where to get repairs. For such eventualities, you can offer a mobile garage.For this business with low investment, you will require a car, mobile phone and all the tools required to repair a stalled vehicle. All you need to do is, rush to the place where the vehicle is parked to perform repairs.8. Aquariums & fishThis is a small business idea you can enter with low investment and also from your home. For this trade, you need to buy a few aquariums of various sizes and different kinds of fish that are popular as pets.You can also breed fish by keeping special tanks.Additionally, selling air pumps, fish food and decorative stuff for aquariums will net you more profits. Aquariums are also popular as gift items. However, you need to be well versed in handling various species of fish.9. Nursery & garden requirementsOnce again, this is a great small business idea with low investment. Due to increased awareness about environment, many people now maintain small plants and shrubs at their apartments and offices.You can open this business from your home. Additionally, you can sell packets of fertilizers, seeds and other garden requirements.10. Jams, pickles & saucesAs people become increasingly conscious about their health, the demand for healthier, non-commercial jams, pickles, sauces and ketchups is on the rise.Moreover, consumers nowadays are wary of consuming foodstuff that contains chemicals of any sort. Given this scenario, you can manufacture jams, pickles, sauces and ketchups with traditional recipes that are chemical free.11. Stamps & CoinsSurprisingly, this lucrative business is almost non-existent in India. Stamp and coin collectors look for the latest issues from around the world.A few simple steps are all you need to enter this low investment high returns small business.Register yourself with postal departments of various countries by paying them a small advance for buying the latest stamps. For coins, there are special government run bureaus abroad.They will send you the latest stamps and coins which are sold at a good premium to collectors.12. Pet careUnderstandably, people love their pets. However, while travelling for holiday or business, they are unable to take their pets along. Hence, people look for services that will care for their pets while they are away.If you are well versed in handling pets, this is a great business you may consider. Again, this is a small business that requires low investment.13. Fragrant candles- (Creative business idea)Let you creativity and sense of fragrances run wild. Making candles is fairly easy. Fragrant oils are readily available. With some training and experience, you can make fragrant candles of all shapes, sizes and colors.Nowadays, such candles are becoming increasingly popular for meditation and relaxation purposes.14. Cakes & bakesArmed with a good oven, you can open a low investment business making cakes, muffins, cookies and other bakery itemsThis small business has huge potential since consumers are always looking for new, better tastes at economical rates. You will however require great skills in preparing these baked delicacies.15. Ice cubesUnderstandably, this is a complex business. Especially, since ice cubes sold in the market nowadays have to conform to specifications prescribed by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).However, with proper equipment, clean water and proper packaging, you can enter this lucrative market of selling ice cubes in bulk to restaurants and bars and retail to consumers.You will require FSSAI certification for your ice cubes.16. Travel servicesOffering travel and related services can see you make instant profits. Tie-up with long distance bus services, offer online reservation of rail tickets and reserve hotels at various destinations for clients.You can also add local sight-seeing and other requirements for your customers. You can either collaborate with a major travel agent or enter into deals with service providers and get commissions for every reservation you make.17. Small business idea to start an Ethnic food storeShould you be well acquainted with the palates of various communities of India, you can open a small ethnic food store with low investment.All you need to do is procure products that have a long shelf life, from suppliers located in those particular regions and sell them to your target communities.18. Medical sample collectionThis is yet another rapidly growing, low investment small business idea in India. It simply means you collect blood, stool, urine and sputum samples from patients, from their homes.These samples are for delivery to pathological labs that will test them and issue medical reports.The reports have to be home delivered to the customer. You will require a vehicle, equipment to store the bio-hazardous material and skills in extracting blood samples.You will need agreements with pathological labs before entering into this business.19. Antique furniture restorationNobody wants to part with antique furniture. Simply because they have sentimental values attached. Restoring or repairing damaged antique furniture is one business you can look at, if you have a sense of aesthetics and the required skills.You can also hire craftsmen to do the restoration at the premises of your customer. Restoring antique furniture is very intricate and you will require excellent workers.20. CCTV & surveillanceIncreasingly, people are becoming security conscious. They want to protect their families and themselves against theft, rape and other crime.Consequently, more and more people are installing CCTV and surveillance cameras at their homes and offices. This is a low investment and high returns small business idea.21. Party servicesPeople hold parties for various reasons. They are held round the year to celebrate birthdays, anniversaries and other special occasions. With this low investment business, you can offer various services.These include decoration of the venue, conducting games, mascot appearance, buying and packing return gifts, among others.22. Address verification serviceBanks, credit card issuers and mobile phone companies often require physical verification of addresses provided by customers. They do so to prevent frauds and defaults.This is a low investment business that is again in demand nowadays. However, you will require a vehicle and might require manpower to visit the customer addresses provided by bank and other service providers.23. Business idea to make Religious itemsIndia has a huge market for items required by followers of various faiths. These include pictures of deities, incense sticks, cotton wicks for lamps, candles, prayer beads and other minor paraphernalia.Making these at home or at a small premise requires low investment. There is no dearth of customers for such stuff.24. Postal labeling and sortingIndia Post requires all bulk mail to be labeled with addresses and sorted according to the Postal Index Number (PIN) code. Banks, companies listed on the stock market, bulk mailers look for small businesses that can provide this service.Especially, since they do not need to employ staff for the purpose. You will require a vehicle and some manpower to enter this low investment small business.25. Walking toursFor those who reside in cities and towns with several tourist attractions, walking tours is a great low investment business.Foreigners and domestic visitors want to get a first hand feel of the city by walking on the streets, mingling with locals and experiencing sights and sounds of the place.You will have to hire buses to take your tourists to a particular area where they will walk and visit attractions.26. Imported productsIndians returning home after a foreign tour tend to buy stuff they can sell locally. They do so to defray costs of their foreign tripProducts they sell include fragrances, cosmetics, cigarettes, liquor, chocolates, food items and T-shirts among others. The craze for foreign goods in India ensures you have a good market for your wares.27. Soya productsNowadays, an increasing number of people are going vegan. Soya products such as soya milk, tofu (soya curds), soya flour and soya chunks are provide a great alternative to meat.Manufacturing Soya products is fairly easy, provided you have the required equipment. It is also a low investment small business. You can get a small loan to start this micro industry.28. Unique ice creamsSome years ago, people would have balked at the idea of ice cream made with tomato or capsicum. However, such unique ice creams are trending nowadays.Unfortunately, manufacturers of such rare ice creams are few despite the huge market. If you are daring enough, enter this low investment business of unique ice creams.29. Used laptopsConsidered a luxury some years ago, laptops are ubiquitous now. Shopping trends indicate, people sell their used laptops and buy those with the latest features and higher configuration.Despite, there exists a huge market for used laptops. Buying, refurbishing and selling such used laptop is a low investment, high returns business you can consider.30. SignboardsGenerally, there are two types of signboards used by businesses and shops: Painted and Neon. Every small business and commercial establishment requires signboards.The demand is for creative yet low cost signboards that aptly advertises the business. Making and supplying signboards of all types, according to specifications of the business owner, is a business in demand round the year.31. Manpower supplyEvery business requires more manpower almost on daily basis. This is especially true with restaurants where staff attrition rates are rather high.Waiters and cooks leave at short notice or merely abandon work. This puts the business owner to great inconvenience.Occasionally, households also require manpower for cleaning the home. With some ingenuity and low investment, you can help restaurants overcome their manpower problems and earn a handsome income almost daily.32. Stationery supplySchools, colleges and other educational institutions as well as businesses require bulk stationery. These includes customized letterheads, business cards, envelopes, invoice books, receipt books and motley others.With little investment and some contacts, you can enter into this evergreen business. You will need agreements with printing presses and a few samples to enter this profitable venture.33. Digitizing audio and videoMillions of people across India possess audio and video tapes of their favorite music and movies, recordings of special occasions and other stuff. However, audio and video cassette players are now rare.Nowadays, DVDs and digital forms of music storage are popular. If you possess the older type record players, audio and video cassette players, you can enter into this business of digitizing old recordings.You will need to invest in equipment that allows you to copy audio and video in the older formats to the latest ones.34. Gardening servicesIndividuals and housing societies owning gardens generally are unable to attend to their favorite and sometimes expensive plants, trees and lawns.Therefore, they look for small businesses that can perform the required task.You will need to invest in some gardening equipment and hire manpower to enter into this small business, which is also round-the-year in demand.35. Glamour photographyUndoubtedly, every male and female wants to appear glamorous. Glamorous pictures are used for several purposes: To apply for jobs as models, actors and actresses, cabin crew with airlines or matrimony.For those with an eye for photography, taking glamorous pictures is a great business to open with small investment.You will have to buy a professional camera and related equipment. Taking pictures can be done at the residence of the customer or at public places. Alternatively, you can hire a studio by the hour, if needed.36. Caregiver serviceIndisposed senior citizens and people in hospitals require caregivers. Especially, since their kin are busy at work or unable to attend to their needs. Caregiver services are fast gaining momentum in India.Understandably, you will require some manpower to provide such a service. Several unemployed women and men are interested in working as caregivers for businesses that offer the service.37. Computerized horoscopesUnderstandably, this is one of the most common low investment businesses in India. All it requires is a computer with the required software, a printer and fancy paper to print the horoscope.However, in a land of superstitions, computerized horoscopes continue to remain in high demand. The reason is simple: People do not rely on results from only one computer.They want multiple horoscopes from different sources.38. Corporate giftsIndia has a rich culture of corporate gifting. It continues round the year. Corporate gifts include pens, wallets, mugs and a wide range of stuff given to staff and business associates.Usually, these items are printed with the company’s name and logo. With adequate samples and contacts, you too can open this business with low investment.You will need a wide range of products and their samples to display to clients.39. Packing servicesSmall and medium businesses generally do not have a separate department for packing their products. They hire individuals- who can often be unreliable.Or, they outsource the job to small businesses who can pack their stuff with care while adhering to deadlines.To enter this business, you will require adequate packing material such as cartons, strapping machines and cutters and of course, manpower.40. Homemade chocolatesWith some chocolate making skills and little investment, you can enter into this highly profitable small business idea. Homemade chocolates are sold by almost every major pastry shop and gift store.They are in high demand since their taste is much different from bulk manufactured varieties commonly available in the market.Several companies order homemade chocolates to send as gifts to their business associates. Such chocolates are in great demand during festive and wedding seasons too.41. Name platesA common system worldwide is to affix one’s name plate outside the door of a house or apartment. Moreover, people also install large names outside buildings, villas and bungalows.They prefer artistically designed name plates or simple ones. Making these name plates is a low investment small business that anyone can begin with ease. The demand for these name plates is round-the-year and you can make decent profits from your venture.42. Wedding gownsEarlier, wedding gowns were the mainstay of the Christian community. However, over the years, the concept of wedding gowns has become popular among people of other faiths too.Bollywood movies have also contributed immensely to popularizing the wedding gown.For men and women who are adept at fashion designing, making wedding gowns is a great, low investment and high returns small business idea.Additionally, you can also offer other fashion wear to ensure income round the year.43. Chips and wafersChips and wafers are consumed almost everywhere: cinema halls, schools, home, bars, in buses and on trains. The list is endless. Manufacturing chips and wafers with potato, raw banana, jackfruit, tapioca and other starchy roots is fairly easy.Equipment required is not expensive.However, you need to ensure proper supply of raw material and have good packaging. Generally, shops and bars order such chips and wafers in bulk.44. Idli and dosa batter-(Best small business idea in India)The mainstay of south Indian communities, Idli and Dosa are now popular across India. However, not everyone can prepare the batter required for making these dishes.It requires a proper blend of rice and cereals.The batter has also to be fermented to the right degree to ensure it gives great tasting Idli and Dosa.Packaged Idli and Dosa batter is fast becoming popular, with most stores stocking several packets for their customers. Setting up a batter manufacturing unit from home or a small premise is fairly inexpensive.45. Air conditioner maintenanceNowadays, air conditioners are an essential component of several households and most offices. Hence, there is an ever increasing demand for small businesses who can offer excellent maintenance of these expensive appliances.Trends nowadays indicate, people are willing to sign annual contracts for maintenance of their air conditioners.All you need is some basic equipment required to service air conditioners and skilled manpower who can perform the tasks. Acquiring skills in maintenance and repair of air conditioners- especially window and split types- is fairly easy.46. Renting scooters and motorcyclesTourists, salesmen and small business owners look for hiring scooters and motorcycles while visiting a town or city.Renting such two-wheeler saves them precious time and offers the ease of commuting. With a small investment, you can open a scooter and motorcycle rental business.You need not rush into buying a fleet of vehicles. A couple of two wheelers will suffice to begin with. However, you will need to get proper licensing, insurance and permits before renting out these vehicles on short term basis.47. Employee background checksWith most places in India witnessing high migration of labor, several companies now resort to employee background checks. This means, they verify information provided by a jobseeker through an external agency.Checks include verification of work experience and educational qualifications. This is a rather simple and low investment business to open.You will need a database of companies who require employee background checks, computers and landline telephone to open this small business idea.48. Handicrafts-(Creative small business idea in India)An excellent low investment small business anyone can start is buying and selling handicrafts. Generally, handicrafts are made in rural areas.However, glitzy showrooms charge exorbitant rates for the stuff, which they usually procure fairly cheap.You too can enter this huge market by buying handicrafts from different regions near you and selling them at reasonable rates.Once again, the market for handicrafts is always high because they are also given away as gifts or used for home and office décor.49. Skin and beauty treatment-(Small business idea for men and women)Increasingly men are becoming beauty conscious. For men and women skilled in providing skin and beauty treatment, opening a small business offering the service is an excellent small investment option.You can design your own therapies for glowing skin, anti-aging and facelifts.This business can also be opened from home, provided you have ample space and privacy for clients. Offering herbal and natural therapies will help you stay ahead of competition.50. Mushroom harvestingMushrooms are considered a delicacy and fetch fairly high prices in the market. They are very nutritious as food.Hence, governments of various Indian states provide subsidies and facilities to people who can harvest mushrooms. This is a great low investment small business idea.You will need to set up a green-house with controlled temperature for getting the right crop. Mushroom spores are readily available from state-run cooperatives and agricultural shops. Bulk customers for mushrooms are easy to find.Extra: Broken glassStrange as it may sound, there exists a huge market for broken glass. Millions of glass bottles that cannot be recycled, as discarded daily in India.Shards of broken glass are used in building compound walls of bungalows. They deter robbers from scaling the compound wall to gain access to the bungalow.Glass shards also prevent reptiles like snakes from slithering over the compound wall. A word of caution: Dealing in broken glass can be hazardous and has to be done with extreme care.Extra: Apiary & honeyHere is one great small business idea with low investment, provided you have a garden or open plot of land. Setting up an apiary to breed honeybees is inexpensive.You will also require some basic equipment to extract honey from honeycombs. Homemade honey fetches a great price.Royal Jelly, produced for the queen bee, commands a high price in the market from individuals and medical companies.Before investingRemember, having ample capital to invest in a small business of your choice is not enough. You also require the necessary skills to ensure its proper functioning.Before entering into any venture, it is advisable to know licensing procedures and other legalities concerned.It is better to legitimize your business since it can help you get loans and subsidies in future. It will also protect you against any lawsuits