2290: Fill & Download for Free

How many years would we need to be able to leave the solar system without leaving anybody stranded on Earth? Is this even possible using multiple trips?At our current level of technology… um… forever!However, this was something I discussed with friends previously in as sci-fi setting, and the theoretical answer (IF we had the technology) would depend on several factors (using 2011 figures):Worldwide birth rate per year = currently 131.4 millionWorldwide death rate per year = currently 55.3 millionNett population increase per year = +76.1 millionBased on these figures, we would need to be evacuating 76.1 million people every year just to keep up.So, how could we carry out an evacuation without getting everyone off in one go?If we give an arbitrary figure of 5 million people evacuated per year, then if we start in 2019 by evacuating the younger sections of the population first, thus effectively reducing the birth rate (let’s say, by 1 million every year).World population (2018) = 7,632.8Births per year = 131.4Deaths per year = 76.1Evacuated per year = 5.0Now, assuming the Death Rate remains static, we would finally start to see a nett population decrease after 2090, and the Earth’s population would reach a peak of 10.2 billion. In 2151, we would reach the point where there are no more people being born on Earth, with the total remaining population being just under 8.4 billion. Now, assuming the evacuation is taking the youngest of the remaining population each year, the last evacuation ships will depart in 2289, taking one last group of 5 million from the remaining 50.6 million human inhabitants of the planet Earth. The ships would probably do one final round trip in 2290, just to pick up anyone who has lived beyond the expected age, and to confirm there is nobody left.

I don't agree with your assertion there aren't any successful black nations. There aren't any black “Germanys” or “Japans” in the world, that's for sure; but there are lots of medium income countries, plus a few high income countries in the Caribbean. Nigeria is a large medium income country in the world. China is described as a “successful” country; yet it too is a medium income country. So why dismiss Nigeria ?Nigeria has only existed as independent nation for 50+ years. Europe has been plundering the world for hundreds of years. So black nations are doing fine as many of the fastest growing economies in the world.The USA is the 115th fastest growing economy in the world @ 2.60%. There are about 40 black nations around the world with faster growing economies than the United States. Papua New Guinea tops the list. It's economy grew by 16% last year.However in terms of median income per head most black countries aren't doing than well save for some of the tiny Caribbean states. The world average Median income people capita is $2920. Yet even in “successful” countries like Botswana Median income per head is only $740 per annum unadjusted for Purchasing Power Parity. The unadjusted Median per capita figure for Nigeria is $493. The median per capita figure for India is $616. Median income per capita for western European countries ranged from $6000 ( Greece ) to $19000 ( Norway ). See Edit 4.Nigeria has the 20th largest economy in the world in terms of GDP ( PPP ). $1.091 trillion USD. In addition Nigeria has a huge shadow economy, estimated to be 53% of its GDP. So $1.6702 trillion dollars in truth. If that is factored in, Nigeria's world ranking goes up to 18th richest; after factoring in the size of the shadow economies of countries ranked in the same GDP ( PPP ) ballpark as Nigeria. ( Size of shadow economies by country are listed on Free data & statistics, data collection, analysis, visualization and sharing - knoema.com my source for the 53% figure ).Price Waterhouse Coopers, the accountancy firm, forecasts Nigeria will have the 8th largest economy in the world come 2060.Nigeria is of course still a very poor country in terms of income per head of population. China is a poor country in that sense as well. Income per head in China is about $15000 after factoring in the shadow economy. $12000 for Jamaica after factoring in its shadow economy. Official income per head PPP for Nigeria is in the $6000 region depending on figures used.There aren't any black countries in the world having both a large economy and a very high standard of living like Germany or Japan.In terms of GDP ( PPP ) per head; these are the richest black countries right now :GDP ( PPP ) per capita by country, CIA figures, 2015 est. Source, Wikipedia :( ☆ Black countries )Qatar $145000 ( 2015 estimate )☆6. Bermuda $85700 ( 2013 estimate )☆13. St. Maarten $66800 ( 2011 est. )14. Australia $65400 ( 2015 est. )19. USA $ 56309 ( 2015 est. )20. Saudi Arabia $5540022. Netherlands $4930026. Germany $47400☆ 32. Cayman Islands $43800 ( 2004 est.)☆ 34. British Virgin Islands $42300 (2010 est )35. France $ 41400 ( 2015 est.)37. UK $41200 ( 2015 est. )39. Japan $38200☆ 45. US Virgin Islands $3610046. Italy $35800☆ 50. Equatorial Guinea $33300☆ 51. Trinidad and Tobago $3200052. Czech Republic $31000☆57. Turks and Caicos Islands $29100 ( 2007 est. )☆68. The Bahamas $25600☆69. Aruba $25300EDIT:World Bank country ranking, GDP ( PPP ), 2015 estimate :1st. China $19.52 Trillion USD2nd. USA $ 17.14 T3rd. India $7.98 T4th. Japan $4.74 T5th Germany $3.85 T6th Russia $3.58 T7th Brazil $3.19 T8th Indonesia $2.86 T9th UK $2.69 T10th France $2.65 T11th Mexico $2.19 T12th Italy 2.18 T13th South Korea $1.75 T14th Saudi Arabia $1.68 T15th Spain $1.60 T16th Canada $1.59 T17th Turkey $ 1.54 T18th Iran $1.36 T19th Thailand $1.11 T● 20th. Nigeria $1.09 T21st Australia $1.08 T22nd Egypt $996.34 Billion USD23rd Poland $993.13 B24th Pakistan $952.5 B25th Netherlands $820.72 B● 28th South Africa $723.5 B29th Colombia $665.59 B● 58th Cuba ( 2013 ) $ 234.6 B USD59th. Finland $222.57 B● 61st Angola $184.44 B62nd Ecuador $182.75 B● 67th Sudan $167.91 B● 68th Ethiopia $161.57 B69th Slovakia $156.63 B● 70th Dominican Republic $149.62 B● 71st Kenya $141.95 B● 72nd Tanzania ( mainland ) $138.46 B● 75th Puerto Rico $125.86 B● 77th Ghana $115.14 B79th Serbia $95.70 B● 87th Ivory Coast $79.31 B● 90th Cameroon $72.89 B91st. Uruguay $72.25 B● 92nd Uganda $71.25 BGDP ( PPP ) puts Nigeria in its best light. But as pointed out in Comments, GDP ( Nominal ) is the official way to measure a country's wealth. In terms of GDP ( Nominal ) the IMF ranks Nigeria's economy the 26th largest in the world. The World Bank ranks Nigeria 23rd. The CIA ranks Nigeria 22nd. If we factor in Nigeria's huge informal/ illegal / black market economy, 53% of official GDP, that would then rank Nigeria about 20th.GDP is of course not the whole story. Let's take a look at poverty levels in African countries, having relatively large GDPs :Percentage of Population living under $1.90 & $3.10 a day, PPP :( $1.90 per day = $693 per annum. $3.10 = $1153 per annum ):Nigeria : 53.47% < $1.90, & 76.40% < $3.10South Africa : 16.56% & 34.61%Cuba : 0% & 0%Angola : 30.13% & 54.52%Sudan : 14.92% & 38.96%Ethiopia : 33.54% & 71.27%Dominican Republic : 2.32% & 9.12%Kenya : 33.6% & 58.85%Tanzania : 46.0% & 76.1%Ghana : 25.15% & 49.04%Ivory Coast : 29.02% & 55.14%Uganda : 33.44% & 63.03%Poverty levels in some other countries :China : 6.5% & 27.24%India : 12.4% & 58.01%Jamaica : 1.7% & 8.22%Haiti : 53.91% & 70.99%Brazil : 4.87% & 9.06%Bangladesh : 43.65% & 77.61%Indonesia : 15.9% & 41.67%The Philippines : 13.11% & 33.61%Poland : 0.02% & 0.16%Romania : 0% & 4.08%St. Lucia : 35.8% & 61.77%Liberia : 68.64% & 89.61%Pakistan : 8.3% & 44.97%Botswana : 18.24% & 35.74%Morocco : 3.12% & 15.53%Tunisia : 1.99% & 8.4%( Morocco is a surprise for me, but I've never visited. They asked about joining the EU but were told Morocco is not in Europe ! ).EDIT 2GDP ( Nominal ) Per Capita : listing black countries with incomes, by this measure, above the world average, 2014 figures, Wikipedia :Monaco $187630 USD per headLiechtenstein $157040Luxembourg $116560Qatar $97519Norway $97226Macau $96078Bermuda $89795 ●Switzerland $85374Australia $62290Denmark $61294Sweden $58856Cayman Islands $58808 ●San Marino $58910Singapore $55710USA $5430037. British Virgin Islands $ 30501 ●Martinique $29403 ( 2011 estimate ) ●Guadeloupe $27257 ( 2011 estimate ) ●40. Puerto Rico $ 28123 ●42. Aruba $ 25751 ●47. Turks and Caicos Islands $ 23615 ●48. The Bahamas $22217 ●50. Anguilla $21493 ●French Guiana $21283 ( 2011 estimate ) ●52. Trinidad and Tobago $20723 ●53. Equatorial Guinea $20382 ●59. Netherlands Antilles $18360 ●66. St. Kitts $15510 ●Saint Martin $15469 ( 2011 estimate ) ●67. Barbados $15360 ●72. Antigua $13731 ●According to Wikipedia Trinidad and Tobago is the only country in the above list having people living below $1.90 or $3.10 a day. 3.41% and 12.24% respectively. But most people in Equatorial Guinea are said to be poor; so the NA entry in Wikipedia for Equatorial Guinea may not be accurate.EDIT 3 :Income Inequality in Black Countries, Gini figures:100 = Perfect Inequality0 = Perfect EqualityThe figures indicate that black countries are some of the most unequal in the world in terms of income inequality; along with East Asian countries such as Hong Kong, The Philippines and Malaysia.South Africa 63.83 ( World's most unequal state )60+ to 40+ range for most black and many Asian countries. 41 for USA. 25 - 35 for most western European countries.Income inequality in Bermuda :Nobody is starving but there is no state social security for the unemployed. Everybody pays unemployment insurance. Rates of unemployment are very low.Income brackets in Bermuda range from “Under $36000 USD” to $750000+ USD per annum.1 BM$ = $1 USDX axis “ < BM$ 36000” to “BM$ 750000 & over”EDIT 4 :GDP per capita has been criticised in Comments as an unfair way of accessing the economic well being of the average person within a country. A handful of very rich people in a very poor country can make things look more rosy than they really a. So presented below are median incomes by country. This is in addition to the $1.90 per day, and $3.10 per day metric tabulated earlier.These figures are from gallop, the polling organisation, 2013 figures for the median income per capita by country. Small countries such as The Bahamas weren't surveyed. According to that survey the median per capita income for individuals across the world is $2920 USD. By that measure there aren't any black countries with a median per capita income above $2920 USD ( save for some of the tiny Caribbean states who weren't surveyed ). The black states surveyed closest to that Median world figure was the Dominican Republic. $1623 per capita. Brazil was $2247 per capita. But Brazil is 11% black and 40% mixed. And still falls short of the world average figure. $2290. Median income per capita in Nigeria based on the survey was only $493 USD compared to the $2920 world average. Medians per capita in Western Europe ranged from $6000 to $19000.Gallop survey, Median income per capita by country, 2013 data, USD :Norway $19308Sweden $18632USA $15480Canada $15181Australia $15020Germany $14018France $12445UK $12399South Korea $11350Japan $10840Hong Kong $9705Ireland $8408Kuwait $7487Singapore $7345Italy $6874Greece $ 6086Qatar $5117Saudi Arabia $4762Poland $4578Russia $4129Iran $3115Mexico $2900Turkey $2538Malaysia $2267Brazil $2247China $1786Tunisia $1646Dominican Republic $1623Algeria $1392South Africa $1217Morocco $1135Vietnam $1124Botswana $740Angola $720Sri Lanka $719Haiti $627India $616Sudan $579Indonesia $541Nigeria $493Pakistan $480Philippines $478Ghana $427Kenya $402Tanzania $384DRC $308Uganda $298Zambia $287Sierra Leone $233Madagascar $205Mali $165Liberia $118♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢♢Bermuda :Victoria Island, Lagos, NigeriaFord - Coscharis joint venture, car assembly plant, Lagos, Nigeria :A major oil refinery in Curacao, West Indies :$20000 per night villas Turks & Caicos Islands :Prince Harry says hello to Half Moon Hotel & Villa Staff :

Using the J programming language, brute force approach:#b=.a#~3=>#ea~.ea{sep a=.2e3 to 2999432The answer is: There are 432 integers with exactly 2 duplicated digits.<<<>>>List them:b2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2021 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2032 2033 2040 2042 2044 2050 2052 2055 2060 2062 2066 2070 2072 2077 2080 2082 2088 2090 2092 2099 2100 2101 2102 2110 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2120 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2131 2132 2133 2141 2142 2144 2151 2152 2155 2161 2162 2166 2171 2172 2177 2181 2182 2188 2191 2192 2199 2201 2203 2204 2205 2206 2207 2208 2209 2210 2213 2214 2215 2216 2217 2218 2219 2230 2231 2234 2235 2236 2237 2238 2239 2240 2241 2243 2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 2251 2253 2254 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2263 2264 2265 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2273 2274 2275 2276 2278 2279 2280 2281 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2289 2290 2291 2293 2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2300 2302 2303 2311 2312 2313 2320 2321 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2334 2335 2336 2337 2338 2339 2342 2343 2344 2352 2353 2355 2362 2363 2366 2372 2373 2377 2382 2383 2388 2392 2393 2399 2400 2402 2404 2411 2412 2414 2420 2421 2423 2425 2426 2427 2428 2429 2432 2433 2434 2440 2441 2443 2445 2446 2447 2448 2449 2452 2454 2455 2462 2464 2466 2472 2474 2477 2482 2484 2488 2492 2494 2499 2500 2502 2505 2511 2512 2515 2520 2521 2523 2524 2526 2527 2528 2529 2532 2533 2535 2542 2544 2545 2550 2551 2553 2554 2556 2557 2558 2559 2562 2565 2566 2572 2575 2577 2582 2585 2588 2592 2595 2599 2600 2602 2606 2611 2612 2616 2620 2621 2623 2624 2625 2627 2628 2629 2632 2633 2636 2642 2644 2646 2652 2655 2656 2660 2661 2663 2664 2665 2667 2668 2669 2672 2676 2677 2682 2686 2688 2692 2696 2699 2700 2702 2707 2711 2712 2717 2720 2721 2723 2724 2725 2726 2728 2729 2732 2733 2737 2742 2744 2747 2752 2755 2757 2762 2766 2767 2770 2771 2773 2774 2775 2776 2778 2779 2782 2787 2788 2792 2797 2799 2800 2802 2808 2811 2812 2818 2820 2821 2823 2824 2825 2826 2827 2829 2832 2833 2838 2842 2844 2848 2852 2855 2858 2862 2866 2868 2872 2877 2878 2880 2881 2883 2884 2885 2886 2887 2889 2892 2898 2899 2900 2902 2909 2911 2912 2919 2920 2921 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2928 2932 2933 2939 2942 2944 2949 2952 2955 2959 2962 2966 2969 2972 2977 2979 2982 2988 2989 2990 2991 2993 2994 2995 2996 2997 2998