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Q. Is it possible to double-major in biology and philosophy, while taking the required premed courses, and still graduate in four years?A. It is doable, depending on the requirements of your institution. If you are passionate about the major, you would presumably do well. Humanity courses generally are more generous in the grading, which would help elevate your GPA. The major should make you a more thoughtful physician, a more passionate humanistic doctor and a logical advocate. You should also be a better writer and future administrator, prepares you for MPH, MBA or MPH.Just stay on top of your studies, maintain a high GPA, do well on the MCAT and don’t forget ECs and LORs.The Philosophy second major would be looked upon favorably in your application.8 Best Pre-Med Majors {I don’t believe this is correct at all. Doubtful if this person went to medical school.}Some non-traditional pre-med majors provide an opportunity to set you apart from the crowd.Dorothy Crouch July 26, 2016To increase your chances of success as a medical student, gain the skills of a well-rounded leader by pursuing the best pre-med majors.When deciding on an undergraduate course of study and the best pre-med majors, many future medical-school candidates choose subjects they feel are relevant to a career in medicine. The truth is that the best pre-med majors might be less obvious. Admissions boards value a high grade point average (GPA), proof of a strong and determined work ethic, and excellent Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) scores over the type of major pursued during undergraduate work. Though they aren’t recognized as traditional pre-med programs, these eight of the best pre-med majors will give students with excellent grades an edge over the competition, setting them apart from cloned members of the candidate pack.1. Public HealthPursuing a degree in public health, such as those offered through the programs at East Kentucky University and Johns Hopkins University, allows students to explore the policies and processes in the medical industry and could be one of the best pre-med majors. Choosing this type of program reveals a side of medicine that many pre-med students don’t see and might not fully understand as doctors. Through internships and working with hospital professionals in areas such as healthcare policy, prevention, and substance abuse, students make invaluable connections during their undergraduate careers.2. Environmental ScienceWhile the effects of human lifestyles are damaging the environment, doctors must address the converse relationship and how it relates to patient health. In schools such as Upper Iowa University and the University of Southern California, students use mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology, and earth science to examine pollution, nuclear waste, and global warming. As one of the best pre-med majors, environmental science will prepare pre-med students to address how the environment is shifting the health concerns of the population.3. SociologyThrough gaining a clear picture of how social standing, culture, gender identity, race, heritage, and age affect how humans live in this world, pre-med students who pursue sociology, which is one of the best pre-med majors, develop skills that will prepare them for working with the public upon graduation from medical school. In addition to these skills, students will also build research strategies and critical analysis abilities. A bachelor’s in a sociology program, such as those offered by the University of California at Berkeley and Princeton University, can prepare students for working with patients, colleagues, and senior hospital staff.4. PsychologyBy studying psychology, pre-med students will leave their undergraduate studies with a greater understanding of the mind and its connection to behavior. Psychology’s best pre-med majors are offered at schools including Stanford University and New York’s Stony Brook University. Students who are interested in pursuing medicine following undergraduate work in psychology can concentrate on clinical, cognitive science, integrative health, and social and health — which blends these two concentrations into one program.5. PhilosophyPhoto Credit: Flickr Creative CommonsPursuing an undergraduate degree in philosophy at a high-ranking school, such as Columbia University, affords students many tools that will prove valuable in medical school and during a career as a doctor. As one of the country’s top philosophy schools, the University of Michigan offers one of the best pre-med majors for undergraduates. Students who pursue a degree in philosophy will develop critical thinking skills, a strong understanding of ethics, and the philosophical aspects of science. Students who are able to excel in philosophy will certainly impress any medical-school admissions board.6. MusicReceiving a bachelor’s degree in music might not seem to be one of the best pre-med majors, but the skills acquired by becoming one of the country’s most talented musicians are extremely valuable to those in the medical field. Gaining acceptance to the Juilliard School — the most competitive performance arts school in the country — or another top school, like the University of California, Los Angeles, requires determination, dedication, and a detailed understanding of the technical aspects of music. Musicians are dedicated to working as a team with their ensemble and seek out the highest-quality education in their discipline, both of which are integral to success in medical school.7. DancePhoto Credit: Flickr Creative CommonsThis is an extremely specific major and, similar to the aforementioned music program, dance requires determination and dedication. Students who have a strong foundation in dance, but are not interested in pursuing a professional-level position within a company might be interested in studying dance science at schools such as Elon University. Marymount Manhattan College’s Body, Science & Motion program prepares students for careers in dance medicine by offering coursework in nutrition, anatomy, human physiology, movement, and biology.8. Women’s StudiesThough women’s studies might not seem like a suitable undergraduate major for future doctors, the coursework, such as the education offered through Williams College or The City College of New York, can be extremely useful to students who want to focus on treating female patients. Through studying the social, economic, and cultural issues faced by women worldwide, pre-med students can be better prepared for international medical roles, especially with organizations such as Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) that provide help to patients in war-torn, disease-stricken, and devastated regions.Students should build a solid foundation in the relevant coursework that will be represented on the MCAT, and high-school advanced placement (AP) courses provide a strong starting point to achieve this goal. To properly prepare for the MCAT, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) suggests that students should be comfortable tackling: “…biological and biochemical foundations of living systems; chemical and physical foundations of biological systems; psychological, social, and biological foundations of behavior; and critical analysis and reasoning skills.” In addition to choosing their own, personal best pre-med major, pursuing a minor in a subject that will provide sufficient MCAT preparation is a wise choice.You can also check out some other colleges with great pre-med programs.Graduation Coach Campaign College PresentationCase in point!Take a guess at which of these college majors best prepare students for medical school or law school entrance exams!MCAT: A six-hour test students must take to get into medical school. Which of these majors get the highest scores? What about the lowest?LSAT: A challenging test students must take to get into law school. Which majors get the highest scores? What about the lowest?• Physics • Biology • English • Economics • Premed • Engineering • Philosophy • Prelaw • Criminal Justice • Physics • Economics • EnglishANSWERS: 1. Engineering 2. Physics 3. Economics 4. English 5. Biology 6. PremedANSWERS: 1. Physics 2. Philosophy 3. Economics 4. English 5. Prelaw 6. Criminal Justice “Average LSAT Scores for 29 Majors w/ over 400 Students Taking the Exam.” Department of Philosophy, University of Florida. Accessed 28 August 2013.Average LSAT Scores for 29 Majors with over 400 Students Taking the Exam “MCAT, LSAT, and Physics Bachelors.” American Institute of Physics. February 2010.http://www.aip.org/statistics/trends/reports/mcat2009.pdfCM’s Guide to the Philosophy Major - College MagazineDespite popular belief, philosophy majors don’t sit around in togas pretending to be in Ancient Greece. Sure, they know the works of Homer (not from The Simpsons), but after four years of reading their big brains out, they’re all action. These Nietzches with smaller libidos start nonprofit companies across the globe, defend you in court and try to get your vote in the world of politics.WHAT YOU’LL BE DOINGYou will analyze everything from “What does it mean to be a good person?” to “Why is the word ‘abbreviation’ so long?” while your peers and professors constantly question you like your parents did that one time you snuck out of the house. You’ll be reading the works of geniuses and hopefully be writing genius responses of your own. This major focuses extensively on critical thinking, reading and writing so get ready for all-nighters at the library.UPSIDESknowyourmeme.com1. “You learn how to argue persuasively, which is helpful in every career and your personal life. You really find yourself questioning yourself and all of your assumptions of the world.” – Jessica Blackband, Florida State University Class of 2015, Communications Employee for Fish and Wildlife Services2. “I think the challenge is a unique one academically. The nature of the work is different from majors that just regurgitate it. Philosophy is based almost solely on analysis. Your exams are to critique, and they are usually essays so you can think about it.” – Dante Frisiello, University of Florida 2015, Georgetown Law School3. “You get to tackle the most interesting and important problems in the history of thought, and you learn to do that both insightfully and rigorously. You get to wrestle with the most impressive minds in history, trying to understand why they saw things the way they did. You are subjected to challenges that will enrich you beyond anything you can imagine. You will undoubtedly emerge a different, more thoughtful, more mature person.” – Ricardo Abend Van Dalen, University of Georgia Class of 2015, Georgetown Law SchoolDOWNSIDESgiphy.com1. “The perception of people’s perspective on your major is annoying; people view you as too abstract and impractical. I found it kind of difficult to combat the stereotype that all philosophy majors have their heads in the clouds.” – Jessica Blackband, Florida State University Class of 2015, Communications Employee for Fish and Wildlife Services2. “You have to read some stuff that is so weird and outdated. Metaphysics is something that they pondered–like we all get that science exists, but they just explained it so oddly that it pissed me off,” – Dante Frisiello, University of Florida 2015, Georgetown Law School3. “It can be a lonely enterprise. You will learn almost as much from arguing with your classmates as you will from your professors and your assigned readings, but you will do most of your philosophical work alone with a cup of coffee (or tea, or both) and you will feel like you’re in way over your head. You will also feel a bit isolated from and uncomprehended by other majors, who, in my experience, seldom appreciate the importance of philosophy. They will tell you that philosophy is a form of intellectual onanism at best and a useless or even harmful venture at worst. They are wrong.” – Ricardo Abend Van Dalen, University of Georgia Class of 2015, Georgetown Law SchoolCAREER OPPORTUNITIESWhen you told people you were considering philosophy as a major, they probably made some joke about your parents’ basement. Next time, tell them to FOH. Every field imaginable needs employees skilled in analytic writing, problem solving, decision-making and communications.1. LawyerThis is the big one. Philosophy is one of the top majors that law schools select because these kids’ LSAT scores are unthinkable. So if your mom cries when you tell her you’re majoring in philosophy, whip out those argument-making skills to ensure her you have a future.2. JournalistIn journalism, communication is life. In philosophy, communication is life. It’s a match made in heaven. Philosophy helps journalists hone their communication skills both on and off the page. Journalism isn’t a members-only club; a number of jobs are open to humanities majors like philosophy.3. ProfessorEvery humanities department salivates at the thought of having a philosophy major to teach students. A philosophy major’s design, planning, research and administrative talents are secret weapons in a classroom. You can easily be that professor who has written over 9,000 books and exclusively wears suits with elbow patches.4. DoctorI bet you didn’t see this one coming. This is another career with a six-figure salary to tell your mother about. Hospitals can be havens for philosophy majors who are able to assess theories, uncover assumptions, suggest alternatives, speak effectively and thoroughly analyze the consequences of each action. You could very well be with the next McDreamy if you move on to med school after getting your degree.5. PoliticianThanks, Obama! Politicians have to be able to think critically, analyze the problems in government and captivate large audiences with their ideas and voices. I’m pretty sure majoring in philosophy will make you more qualified for the White House than Waka Flocka and Donald Trump.Emanuel GriffinI am a sophomore majoring in journalism at the University of Florida. I am living every day like it's my birthday. I am the greatest writer of the 21st century so you should read all of my articles.University of Texas Austin Health_Professions 2015 Final Med Stats

I want to provide an answer to offer a different perspective, primarily from that of Dr. Franklin’s thoughtful answer below… because I disagree on a few points.I, too, am very familiar with both the Ph.D. World (as my Ph.D. is in Clinical Psychology) as well as the J.D. World (as I’m currently a third year law student). One difference that I might note from Dr. Franklin’s view is that my Ph.D. is in a healthcare related field (clinical psychology); and Clinical Psychologists are addressed as doctor in every healthcare setting I’ve ever worked in. The title of doctor gets applied to me constantly in both inpatient and outpatient settings, almost 100% of the time.Short answer: No, a J.D. - alone - should not be addressed by “doctor,” but rather by “professor.” A J.D./Ph.D. in Liberal Arts or J.D./S.J.D., or J.D./J.D.S (or any other version), should be addressed as doctor in an academic or scholarly setting (and this is about 50/50 the case in law school. However most J.D.+Research Doctorates prefer to be called “professor” so as to not look pompous to their colleagues (or so that’s my theory, anyhow). But: a J.D./M.D., J.D./D.O., J.D./D.V.M., or J.D./Ph.D. in healthcare, could arguably addressed as Dr. in most settings - because the nature of the doctorate within healthcare, generally points do “doctor” in the more traditional (albeit not the original academic) sense.For more rantings read on…First, I do not believe that obtaining a S.J.D./J.D.S. is the same as asking someone to obtain two Ph.D.s… because a J.D. can never be equated to a “first” Ph.D…. not at all. I do not know from what academic field the other posters were awarded their Ph.D.s, but in the field of “Clinical” Psychology it is NOTHING like getting J.D. I have never met a single Ph.D./J.D. who would ever suggest that a Ph.D. is like a J.D. Dr. Franklin likens the two in regard to their credit hours (and admittedly that’s his only likening), and such may be true in some cases. (Not in most, however, as most Ph.D.s take 6–9 years to earn (highly depend on research/dissertation/field), and require 120+ credits [not 90], extensive research experience, at least some publication experience, academic presentation/conference experience, undergraduate teaching experience, and an in-person, live, dissertation defense before a panel of seasoned Ph.D.s [I won't even go into what clinical psychologists are required to do additionally, for the practical/professional aspect, on top of the academic aspect]). Law school requires none of this. Law school - as I have heard it said over and over and over and over again by dual holders (Ph.D./J.D.) is more like another round of undergrad, albeit on steroids. As someone currently near the end of law school: I concur. It it certainly harder than undergrad, but it is not life altering or mind deepening, in the way that a Ph.D. is. If I sound slightly defensive, it may be because I am… slightly (lol). To be fair, earning my J.D. is teaching me to tighten up my thinking—which psychology taught me to loosen and broaden. The contrast is exhilarating and exciting.Many Ph.D./J.D.s advised me against going to law school, and all but two of them made the same argument: “It isn’t like a Ph.D. Instead, it’s doing assignments, and homework, and reading, and applying facts - not blazing new trails, discovering unchartered territories, sharing your findings, awaking folks to new ideas.” (Or some variation thereof.) They were saying: It’s learning a trade. I would argue: sure, it is learning a trade, but that trade requires a unique way of thinking, and that alone is mind-expanding, in its own way.For the record, I do disagree with ^that^ opinion on some level (those that say it it’s just a glorified bachelors degree… no more than an historical LL.B. degree), as I think it is hands-down “less rigorous” than a Ph.D., but if you love logic, philosophy, religion, analysis, etc., I think you (anyone) would love law school and it could very well be mind-expanding and life changing (like most things in life: it’s what you put into it).If the J.D. ever starts to look like a Ph.D., then there may be an argument for this topic, but as it stands now, the two aren’t at all comparable.I have friends and colleagues with Ph.D.s and J.D.s from Ivy’s, and they all agree (the ones who have opined in my presence) that the Ph.D. is significantly more challenging. One colleague has a Ph.D. in British Literature from a state school, and a J.D. from Harvard. Another holds a Ph.D. in History from Yale and a J.D. from U-Texas… another holds a Ph.D. (can’t remember from where) in Biomedicine-something-or-other, and a J.D. from SMU (practicing law for a pharmaceutical company and teaching for fun). These are just a few, and do not encompass any of the J.D./Ph.D. folks who are actual Psychologists - who are required to go above the standard Ph.D. academic dance, to also complete internship hours, compete for residency, pass licensure exams, get board certified, etc.This [probably uncalled for] rant (lol) was simply to say: if a Ph.D., or an M.D./D.O. hears you address a law professor as Doctor John Doe, it will certainly give them pause… I doubt anyone would be necessarily offended (that’d be a bit overly narcissistic [more so than my reply might seem right about now lol]). But, they will at least raise an eyebrow for a moment.And they should.Doctor Ph.D. take 5–8 years (sometimes more, it took me and most other around a decade) to earn that title - and they contribute NEW information to all of humankind in the form of a doctoral dissertation - information that hopefully lives on for eternity. And, in presenting the world with that new information, they have their ass torn to shreds at their defense (or usually do). Dr. M.D. also spends 6+ years learning their trade, which earned the “doctor” title via healthcare… a title which migrated from academia actually.John Doe, Esq., takes 3 years learning a trade, albeit a very powerful trade requiring extremely keen skills (consider that half the people taking the LSAT don’t score high enough to really be considered… of those that score over a 150 [50% mark] many still don’t get in to the school of their choice/dreams).It is my belief that proper etiquette indicates the title of Dr. be used for terminal academics in the academic setting (regardless of their field), AND/OR to be used for either healthcare professionals in most all settings (physicians, dentists, psychologists, chiropractors, doctors of nursing practice [although most use their first name], veterinarians, pharmacists… or maybe scientists whose primary job is a lab-based research scientist.I once had a law professor (J.D. only) “march” into the room one day (totally true story, I’m tempted to share her name, but won’t; that’d be uber tacky) and exclaim, “My name is DOCTOR Jane Doe. That’s…” (goes to white board and writes out) “… D-R-period-J-A-N-E-space-D-O-E… and I have the three purple stripes to prove it. Any questions?”I, like probably 99% of the class, made a mental note that this woman was a total bitch with a complex of some sort. What I personally thought (that many of the other students may not have) was how she unintentionally sent the message that her 3 years was - in her mind - equivalent to the novel and original work that a Ph.D. pours into their journey… usually for life. An amount of soul pouring that no J.D. can know unless they’ve done it. (And I can now compare both). I know she didn’t mean to leave that impression; but she did.So……….IN MY OPINION…You call these fine folks, “professor”:Jane Doe, J.D.Jane Doe, J.D., LL.M.Jane Doe, M.A. (or M.S.)Jane Doe, D.Div.You call these fine folks “doctor,” unless they request professor or first name:Jane Doe, J.D., S.J.D.Jane Doe, J.D., J.S.D.Jane Doe, J.D., Ph.D. (in liberal arts, or Ed.D., or Th.D.) - In Academic SettingJane Doe, J.D., Ph.D. (nutrition, psychology, kinesiology, etc) - In All SettingsJane Doe, J.D., M.D. (or D.O, D.D.S., D.C., D.V.M., etc.) - In All SettingsJane Doe, LL.D. (only at the university granting the honorary doctorate)Jane Doe, Hon.D. (only at the university granting the honorary doctorate)Final comment - I appreciate that Prof. Zittrain mentioned the culture differences. This is something we should all strive to remain aware of.My understanding from a couple of friends who are professors in the U.K. is that “Professor” is the reserved term, and a professor would always desire that title over “Doctor” any day. (I don’t know if this is accurate, just sharing what was reported to me incase it helps.)Also note, if you have time, the English system of practicing law as a solicitor or barrister - a very insightful research project that may help shed light on some of my JD vs. PhD comments that might seem harsh, but really aren’t. The English system of law helps explain the foundation for much of the emotion that might come through via my answer.- Dr. C (kidding, not kidding lol)

The answer to your questions can be sourced from Wikipedia. Anyway, I don’t mind doing the research for you hahaha. So here goes:University of the Philippines - WikipediaUP or in Filipino Pamantasan ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas was founded by the American colonial government on June 18, 1908. It was established through the ratification of Act No.1870 known as the “University Act” of the 1st Philippine Legislature to provide "advanced instruction in literature, philosophy, the sciences and arts, and to give professional and technical training" to eligible students regardless of "age, sex, nationality, religious belief, and political affiliation".UP has institutional autonomy as the country's national university as mandated by Republic Act No. 9500 (UP Charter of 2008.)It was patterned after American universities like the University of California. UP is composed of constituent universities (CUs) that are independent of, but in close coordination with, each other. The University of the Philippines has 8 constituent universities (CUs), and 4 basic education schools located in 15 campuses across the country. The first UP opened in Manila in 1909 with the Colleges of Fine Arts, and Medicine and Surgery; UP Los Baños was also initiated as the College of Agriculture in the same year. Six other constituent universities have since been established; the latest since 2016 is UP Cebu, despite being formed in 1918.UP Diliman, the fourth CU which was established in 1949, is the flagship campus and seat of administration of the University of the Philippines.UP ManilaUP DilimanUP Los BanosUP BaguioUP MindanaoUP Visayas IloiloUP CebuAutonomous unitsAt present, the University of the Philippines is composed of eight (8) constituent universities (CU) located in 15 campuses around the country.U.P. Diliman is the flagship campus of the university and offers the most number of courses. On July 19, 2011, the Bases Conversion and Development Authority donated to U.P. a 4,300-square meter (1 acre) lot at the Bonifacio Global City (BGC) in Taguig for the U.P. Professional Schools, which will initially include extension classes for UP Diliman's College of Law, College of Business Administration, College of Engineering, School of Statistics, as well as the UP Open University.Each constituent university of U.P. is headed by a chancellor, who is elected on a three-year term by the Board of Regents. Unlike the president, who is elected on a single six-year term without re-election, the chancellor may be re-elected for another three-year term but it is upon the discretion of the members of the Board of Regents.AcademicsThe Main Library (Gonzalez Hall) in UP DilimanThe University of the Philippines System offers 246 undergraduate degree programs and 362 graduate degree programs, more than any other university in the country. The flagship campus in Diliman offers the largest number of degree programs, and other campuses are known to lead and specialize in specific programs. The University has 57 degree-granting units throughout the system, which may be a College, School or Institute that offers an undergraduate or a graduate program. In the Los Baños campus, a separate Graduate School administers the graduate programs in agriculture, forestry, the basic sciences, mathematics and statistics, development economics and management, agrarian studies and human ecology.The College of Public Health at the Manila campus has a collaboration with Boston University School of Public Health. This program allows students from Boston University to do a semester of coursework at U.P. Manila as well as an international field practicum in the Philippines. The University has 4,571 faculty, trained locally and abroad with 36% having graduate degrees.The University is one of the three universities in the Philippines affiliated with the ASEAN University Network, and the only Philippine university to be affiliated with the ASEAN-European University Network and the Association of Pacific Rim Universities.BudgetThe University has the highest financial endowment of all educational institutions in the Philippines. In 2019, the University requested ₱44.9 billion budget but only received ₱15.5 billion for its budget, with additional ₱1.5 billion for operational and equipment expenses. The Philippine General Hospital, the most affected unit of the UP System, received an insufficient budget of P2.92 billion, with only P155 million out of the requested P1.6 billion allocated for infrastructure and capital outlays.Rankings and reputationUniversity rankingsGlobalTHE World401-500QS World356RegionalTimes Asia95QS Asia72SpecialTHE Emerging Economies87UP has been consistently ranked the top university in the Philippines since its inclusion in several university rankings. In 2011, the University of the Philippines was ranked 62nd in the QS Asian University Rankings, the highest-ranked Philippine university.Currently, UP is the fourth-best university in Southeast Asia in terms of rankings.Moreover, UP ranks in numerous world subject rankings, most notably 51-100th place in Development Studies, 101-150th place in English Language and Literature, Geography, and Politics and International Studies, 151-200th place in Archaeology, Agriculture and Forestry, and Sociology in the QS World University Rankings by Subject Area.UP programs also place in Times Higher Education World University Rankings: 126-150th in Clinical, Pre-Clinical and Health subjects; 501-600 bracket for both Life Sciences and Social Sciences; in the 601+ bracket for Engineering and Technology, and Computer Science; and in the 801+ bracket in Physical Sciences.Earlier, in the Asiaweek's Best Universities in Asia last published in 2000, UP ranked 48th.In 2006, the University, through President Emerlinda R. Roman, has expressed that it does not want to participate in the THES Ranking, but was included in 2007, 2008, and 2009 with an incomplete academic profile.In the national rankings based on cumulative data from 1991-2001 of average passing rates in all courses of all Philippine colleges and universities in the licensure examinations, U.P. Diliman, U.P. Los Baños and U.P. Manila emerged as numbers one, two and three respectively. The study was done by the Professional Regulation Commission and the Commission on Higher Education.Undergraduate admissionsAs a public state university, "selection is based on intellectual and personal preparedness of the applicant irrespective of sex, religious belief, and political affiliation."Admission into the University's undergraduate programs is very competitive, with over 70,000 students taking the exam every year, with about 11,000 being accepted, an admission rate of about 18%.Admission to a program is usually based on the result of the UPCAT, University Predicted Grade (UPG), which is an average of grades obtained during high school and sometimes, a quota set by the unit offering the program. The University also maintains a Policy of Democratization which aims to "make the U.P. studentry more representative of the nation's population."The UPCAT also allows students to enter Intarmed, the University's accelerated 7-year medicine curriculum, one of the two entry points into the program. Transferring to the University from other constituent units or schools outside the system are determined by the degree-granting unit that offers the program or the course, not by the university's Office of Admissions.Socialized Tuition SystemThe Socialized Tuition System (also referred to as the “Iskolar ng Bayan" Program) (STS) was implemented in response to the increase in tuition in 2014.The program, proposed in 1988 by U.P. President Jose Abueva and mandated by the President and Congress of the Philippines, called for a radical departure from the old fee and scholarship structure of UP, resulting in tremendous benefits for low-income and disadvantaged Filipino students.The Socialized Tuition and Financial Assistance Program (STFAP) is divided into four basic components: Subsidized Education, Socialized Tuition, Scholarships, and Student Assistantships. In the 1989 STFAP, income groups are divided into nine brackets, with one having the full benefits.In December 2006, the Board of Regents approved a restructured STFAP, along with the increase in tuition and other fees that will apply for incoming freshmenThe Revised STFAP reduces the brackets from nine (9) to five (5), and will supposedly increase the number of students receiving tuition subsidy and increase stipend rates and coverage.However, critics of the restructured STFAP argue that the data used in the formulation of the revised program is not an acceptable prediction of a student’s family income, that some of the bracket assignments are flawed and that the program fails to address or revise student assistantship programs.UP Maroon and UP Forest Green are the official university colors of UPThe University's colors are maroon and forest green. Maroon was chosen to represent the fight for freedom, as Maroon is also a name of a Jamaican tribe who were successful in defending their freedom from slavery and their independence from English conquerors for more than 100 years.[81] The colors are also immortalized in the University's hymn;The bald eagle [85][86] in the official seal holds a shield that carries a lamp, a cogwheel and; a volcano and tree (sometimes rendered erroneously as a star and the planet Saturn). These symbols represent science and medicine, engineering, and agriculture respectively. Until today, the University takes pride in these three areas of knowledge as these degree programs in U.P. are acknowledged as Centers of Excellence in the Philippines by the Commission on Higher Education. A myth persists that the bird in the seal is in fact, a parrot, as stated in some Freshmen orientation materials. The University's varsity team was also once called the Parrots, adding to the confusion about the species of the bird in question. An explanation for the use of the eagle in the seal is that it was derived from the coat of arms of the City of Manila and the Great Seal of the United States of America.[86]SablayThe University uses unique academic regalia, called the "Sablay," which is a sash patterned after the centuries-old sash academic regalia of Scandinavian universities. The "Sablay" is a sash joined in front by an ornament and embroidered or printed with the University's initials in Baybayin script and running geometric motifs of indigenous Filipino ethnic groups. It is traditionally worn over a white or ecru dress for females or an ecru barong Tagalog and black pants for males, although there have been instances wherein the Sablay is worn over other indigenous clothing.[89] Candidates for graduation wear the sablay at the right shoulder, and is then moved to the left shoulder after the President of the University confers their degree, similar to the moving of the tassel of the academic cap.