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What are some nicknames of top chess players?

Fun question! Nicknames and “Titles” and “Nutshells” of their strong points are interesting to check out and may also stimulate me to do some videos on these guys :)I want to try and make this list in roughly historical order and update it when I can :“il Calabrese” (Gioacchino Greko)The Austrian Morphy (Steinitz) WORLD CHAMPION“The pride and sorrow of Chess” (Paul Morphy) UNCROWNED KING“The Drawing Master”, “remis Koening” (Schlechter)“The Black Death” (Josephy Henry Blackburne)“Hero of Hastings” (Harry Pillsbury)“The Kentucky Lion” (Showalter)“Der Kleine Capablanca” “Little Capablanca” (Kashdan)“The Psychologist” Emanuel Lasker WORLD CHAMPION“Chess Machine”, “Capa” (Capablanca) WORLD CHAMPIONWhite Russian (Alekhine) WORLD CHAMPION“Capa”, “The Chess Machine” (Capablanca) WORLD CHAMPION“The Stormy Petrel”, “Crown Prince of the Chess World” (Nimzowitsch)Praeceptor Germaniae, “Teacher of Germany” (Tarrasch)Richard the Fifth (Teichmann)The Dean of American Chess (Helms)“Paul the Second,” “The Crown Prince of Chess,” and “The Eternal Second.” - Paul Keres UNCROWNED KING“The Hungarian Botvinnik” (Lajos Portisch)“The Great Stone Face”, “The Engineer”, “Iron Logician” (Botvinnik) WORLD CHAMPIONThe Magician from Riga (Tal) WORLD CHAMPIONVictor the Terrible (Korchnoi) UNCROWNED KING“The Hand” (Smyslov) WORLD CHAMPION“Dzin” Roman Dzindzichashvili“Rocky” John FedorowiczYaz (Yasser Seirawan)Beast of Birmingham (Tony Miles)“Rapid Robert” (Robert Byrne)“Mr 6-time” (Walter Browne)Big Al (Beliavsky)“Chucky” (Vassily Ivanchuk)The Penguin (Raymond Keene)Penguin (Andrew Tang)The Beast from Baku (Kasparov) WORLD CHAMPION“Baby Snake”, “Tolya” (Karpov) WORLD CHAMPION“Northern Philodor” (Alexander Petrov)“The Puzzle King” (Sam Loyd)“Kingscrusher” (Tryfon Gavriel)“TheCypriot” (Alecos Ethelontis)“The Good Doctor”, “Doccy” “The Doctor” (John Nunn)“The SpeelWolf” (Jonathan Speelman)“The Iceman”, “The Iceberg”, “Vlad the Impaler” (Kramnik) WORLD CHAMPIONThe Wizard (Topalov)“The Gormaliser” (Daniel Gormally)“The Yerminator” Yermolinsky“GingerGM” (Simon Williams)“Vishy”, “The Lightning Kid”, “Tiger of Madras” (Anand) WORLD CHAMPIONThe Spider (Michael Adams)“Nosher” (Nigel Short)“The Artist” (Anish Giri)“Chess Queen” (Alexandria Kosteniuk)“Justin Bieber of Chess”, “The Mozart of Chess” (Carlsen) WORLD CHAMPION

What's a good book to read on crypto currencies?

23 Books Every Crypto Trader, Investor and Enthusiast Should ReadTopics are multidisciplinary and range from economics, trading, network theory, technology, futurism, finance, sociology and the history of money.Let’s get to it!1. Trading in the Zone: Mastering the Market with Confidence, Discipline and a Winning AttitudeTrading in the Zone helped me reframe my thinking in terms of probabilities (life is a lot like poker) when I was first starting out, and I have since revisited it several times. It deals mostly with stock trading, but the concepts have more to do with managing oneself and thus equally apply to the world of crypto.“Trading doesn’t just reveal your character,” Douglas says, “it also builds it if you stay in the game long enough.” His lessons helped me identify many of my own mental biases, better manage my emotions, and ultimately led to more confidence in trading highly volatile crypto markets.2. What I Learned Losing a Million DollarsJim Paul was raised in a small town in Northern Kentucky and eventually moved to become governor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. His story is a rollercoaster ride of success and failure. At the pinnacle of his trading career he blew $1.6 million, not just $1 million… in one trade.He paints a cautionary tale of hubris and getting caught up in our own thoughts, disregarding clear warning signs and what happens when we get too greedy (sound familiar?).While he was focusing on commodities, the lessons apply across any financial asset and where high-stakes decisions are being made. I read it before the crypto bubble burst (and before I lost a lot of money) so it’s taken on new meaning for me in the past year, as it might for you.3. Thinking, Fast and SlowThinking, Fast and Slow is a seminal book in behavioral economics and has been revolutionary in identifying our cognitive biases. It’s had repercussions for how we think about practically every industry in the world.All of this applies directly to how you trade and invest. Concepts that fascinated me: the peak end rule, regression to the mean, priming effects, anchoring, saliency — being aware of these and how they operate are the firsts steps to protect yourself against your own (potentially) self-destructive instincts.4. Ego is the Enemy: The Fight to Master our Greatest OpponentEgo is the Enemy is packed full of historical anecdotes, Stoic philosophy and life lessons that make it both fun to read and practical. Ryan Holiday explains that it’s common to be self-destructive and successful in a greedy way, but it’s much harder to be self-aware of our own actions and the impact it has on those around us. The main culprit, of course, is our ego. Our desire to win, our desire for fame, status, and power.From Persian King Xerxes to Steve Jobs, there are plenty of examples that illustrate the dangers of ego run amuck; in some cases the protagonists emerge victorious after realizing their wrongdoings, in other situations they dig their own grave. Each chapter provides a good antidote for those who feel like they’re on their high horse and need to be brought down to earth, and equally for those who are paralyzed to the point of inaction by their own self-criticism and fear.5. Thinking in Bets: Making Smarter Decisions When You Don’t Have all the FactsAnnie Duke graduated university with plans to become a psychologist, but after her brother invited her for a poker night, she fell in love with the game and went on to become a World Series Poker champion. She draws on examples from business, sports, politics, and of course poker to share tools anyone can use to embrace uncertainty and make better decisions. Annie makes the point that our life is not like chess — we don’t have all of the pieces in front of us.An important less from the book: Traders who set financial goals almost always lose. Why? Because you can’t control the market. People try and force their will on the market to no avail (I want the market to go up in price so it benefitsME), resulting in emotional decision-making, like panic-selling when the market plummets.Instead of trying to make the market fit your financial goals, the wiser choice is to create systems that allow you to make higher-probability winning trades. It could be as simple as setting a stop-loss, or always writing down your trades before executing.6. The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and BusinessIt’s pretty hard to build a good habit, like doing 100 pushups a day, eating a healthy amount of broccoli, or listening before you speak. Once temptation comes calling, it’s easy to slip back into bad habits, like stuffing my mouth with hazelnut chocolate or not shutting up when I should.The fascinating part is that the mechanism for habit building is the same, whether good or bad. I never really understood this until I read this book, and it helped de-mystify a lot about my own behavior. For anybody looking for a practical guide to break bad habits, and build new ones — this is it.7. The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power Is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the WorldThe third industrial revolution goes something like this: Rather than have centralized power plants and grids (both fossil and renewable), we develop a decentralized power grid. Every house and every building would have their own solar panels/renewable energy; each building thus effectively turns into its own little power plant. Energy that isn’t used can be stored using hydrogen fuel cells and distributed/shared/sold on a decentralized grid to other people who want energy. It’s what the internet did for information, except for energy.Topics that are covered in the book which fascinated me:Why property rights are a recent social construct and how Enlightenment thinkers and later on were influenced/blinded by Newtonian physicsWhy productivity rates have been hovering at 14% since the 1970’s and why 85% of our economic productivity is wastedHow the laws of thermodynamics have been ignored by economists for decadesWhy globalization is declining and being replaced with a more sustainable “continentalization”Decentralization is at the core of the 3rd industrial revolution and there’s no doubt that blockchain technology will be the backbone of the infrastructure required to make it happen. (great video you can watch here)8. Rich Dad, Poor DadRich Dad Poor Dad outlines out the basics of setting up passive income streams, smart tax strategy, and launching your own business. It’s a classic among the finance/investment crowd and a must read for those starting out on their investment journey, as well as those who have a nest egg they’d like to grow. It’s not a step by step guide, but it’ll change your mindset, which is often the first step in big change.Kiyosaki starts the book off telling two parallel stories; the rich dad and the poor dad. The poor dad works every day, equates time with money, and thinks money is dirty. He pays his bills first and has a mortgage and is deep in credit card debt. He works for money. The rich dad, on the other hand, gets his paycheck and reinvests it in real estate and other businesses. He pays himself first. He diversifies in stocks. He is a savvy investor, and money works for him.9. Tools of Titans: The Tactics, Routines, and Habits of Billionaires, Icons, and World-Class PerformersNo book list would be complete without mentioning Tim Ferriss This one is a real doorstopper of and one I pick back up every now and then when I’m looking for inspiration. It’s hundreds of pages worth of notes and interviews with word-class performers, split up into three sections “healthy, wealthy and wise.”What I find most interesting is that everybody’s routines are different. You would think that the ultra-productive and mega-successful would have an organized and OCD routine, planning their lives down to the minute. But mostly they don’t. They just drink a cup of coffee, take a shower, and get started. Day by day they chip away at their goals.While they’ve all achieved extraordinary feats compared to most, their accomplishments are incremental — and eventually extraordinary. There are no “overnight successes.”10. Out of Your Mind: Tricksters, Interdependence, and the Cosmic Game of Hide-and-SeekThis is a distillation of Watts’s best talks and ideas, pulling the practical out of Eastern philosophy into an easy digestible form even if you’re not familiar with Buddhism or Hinduism. He asks some big questions like “what is the universe? How do we change the past? What are you going to buy with your money? And most importantly, how do we take ourselves less seriously?” It gets deep, sure, but it remains witty and relatable and practical.One big takeaway is the idea of “Confusing the finger pointing at the moon for the moon.” Take reading non-fiction books, for example. Many read to broaden their knowledge. Reading, though, is a great form of procrastination. You could read all day and get nowhere. Don’t confuse the activity for the goal —in other words, don’t jut read books, take action using what you learned.11. The Inevitable: Understanding the 12 Technological Forces that will Shape our FutureCo-founder of Wired Magazine, Kevin Kelly writes a lot about the future of tech and digital media. He starts by taking a look at the current state of our technology, from mobile, AI, biotech, transportation drones, social media, and so on. He explains how these industries are evolving and provides practical examples of what that could look like (from the importance of questions to the dangers of AI); it all boils down to 12 forces that he believes will ultimately shape the future.Recommended reading for anyone who feels like I do about the future — concerned and excited. Also, for those scoping out business ideas (in crypto and elsewhere), this will help unearth idea nuggets.12. Antifragile: Things That Gain from DisorderNassim Nicholas Taleb (author) covers a lot in this book, but most pertinent to blockchain is the agency problem — cutting out middlemen is what blockchain technologies are all about — and increasing trust.The most pernicious type of middleman is what Taleb refers to as the fragilista (no, not a barista), “someone who makes you engage in policies and actions, all artificial, in which the benefits are small and visible, and the side effects potentially severe and invisible.” It’s the doctor who prescribes a statin pill to help you without disclosing their poor track record despite not fully understanding how the drug works; the economist who creates a fiscal suggestion with zero skin in the game, and the company who throws a million plastic straws in a landfill with no repercussions.Another important concept: the Lindy Effect, which simply states that the longer something has been around, the longer it is likely to stay around. A book that’s been around for 50 years is likely to be around for another 50. Your grandmother is more likely to be right than the Huffington Post. And it’s why the longer bitcoin is around, the more likely it is to be around.13. The Internet of Money, Volume I and IIAndreas M. Antonopoulos is a pioneer. He’s been living off of bitcoin for the past several years and has real skin in the game. He’s got a great way of simplifying complicated ideas and this eBook is one of the best primers you’ll get on the topic, ranging from history to economics and the technical fundamentals of blockchain.When I’m feeling in the slumps during a bear market, or when I want to get inspired, this is what I read. “I’m just a coder, I’m just a talker; I’m not a terrorist, I’m not a thug. But if I have the opportunity to build an exit from this system, then I will take that opportunity — because I know who the real terrorists are.” You can’t help but be inspired.Andreas is realistic about the limitations of progress and also takes his time to explain his reasoning in a level-headed, easy to understand way — a testament to his level of understanding and expertise. I gift frequently to those who are just getting started. Highly recommended.By the way…I’m giving away all of these books for free — enter the giveaway here.14. The Choose Yourself Guide to WealthWhile James Altucher can be a little over the top, that’s what makes him great. He cuts to the bone. This book is a field guide to the “New World” we live in. You can play by the old rules and get left behind, or you can use these new ideas and become wealthy. He’s lost a lot of money and experienced a slew of failed startups (17 of them), so his stories are always anecdotal, personal and raw.One of my favorite routines he outlines is the “daily habit.” Write down ten ideas every day. Most of them will be bad, but that’s ok. You’re flexing your idea muscle. “When you have ideas, you’ll quickly get freedom. When you get freedom, you’ll have the energy to build more ideas, to generate more abundance, to live the life you want to live.”Other ideas from the book 1) connecting two people every day 2) don’t stay at a job just for salary increases 3) don’t do something just for money. A lot of the advice is tried and true (and basic), but it’s reframed to give you a quick jolt in the butt if you’re in a funk.15. Zero to One: Notes on Startups and How to Build the FutureBillionaire Peter Thiel is the co-founder of Paypal, founder of Clarium Capitaland Palantir Technologies, and investor in more than 100 startups. His book is full of advice on how to think about business, startups, risk, competition and success. Thiel’s two big tips for investing:Don’t treat companies as lottery ticketsBe concentrated, have high levels of conviction in a company before investingThiel’s clarity in thought and execution can help any crypto enthusiast investor who is looking for an edge. It starts by always asking good questions and questioning the status quo. “What do people agree merely by convention, and what is the truth?” Always ask, “is this true?”16. The Intelligent Investor: The Definitive Book on Value InvestingI’d reckon that most crypto traders haven’t read this. It’s not the easiest read, yes, but it’s a classic, foundational work. The new and revised edition has commentary after every chapter that explains the concepts in laymen’s terms, which I found extremely valuable and much easier to digest.A lot of the principles — particularly in terms of risk management— are timeless. Paul Graham reminds us that there is a way to be both an intelligent trader and an intelligent investor. Here are three common ways trading can be unintelligent:You are trading when you think you are investingYou trade full time (instead of a past-time) without having the knowledge and skill for itYou risk more money than you can afford to loseThe intelligent investor will, first and foremost, differentiate between both types of activities. Then, they’ll consider all of the factors that might affect both strategies. One of my biggest mistakes has been confusing the two, and then getting upset when I lost money on a trade. Upon further reflection, I was treating it as if it were an investment.Hodling is an investment strategy that has psychologically sabotaged itself because people are constantly concerned with short-term price but refuse to sell, confusing their investment for a trade.17. Nomad Capitalist: How to Reclaim Your Freedom with Offshore Bank Accounts, Dual Citizenship, Foreign Companies, and Overseas InvestmentsYou have a little bit of money that you are willing to invest/spend. The question is how to diversify your risk, protect your money and grow it outside of the current system. Andrew Henderson has several James Bond-esque stories of his own that gave me an occasional smirk, which he intertwines skillfully with best practices and ideas of what’s possible (and what’s legal).“Go where you are treated best” is a point that he drives home several times. If the banking system in your country gives you ridiculous fees or if you can’t get a loan, why don’t you go to a different bank (in a different country)? If you feel that you’re paying too much in taxes, instead of complaining and doing nothing, why not move somewhere else? If you’re getting poor and expensive healthcare treatment in the US, why not go somewhere cheaper and better?18. Digital Gold: Bitcoin and the Inside Story of the Misfits and Millionaires Trying to Reinvent MoneyEven though so much has happened in the past 10 years of bitcoin’s existence, this book remains a true gem. Many of the crypto books published in the last few years are poorly written — Popper’s book is an exception. He does a great job of telling the story in a narrative form and it feels less like a non fiction and more like a thriller.Popper charts the rise of the Bitcoin through the eyes of the movement’s colorful central characters, including an Argentinian millionaire, a Chinese entrepreneur, Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss, the eccentric Roger Ver, and Bitcoin’s elusive creator, Satoshi Nakamoto.I gift this book often to friends who are just starting out and what to get a good primer on the backdrop of bitcoin.19. CryptoAssets: The Innovative Investor’s Guide to Bitcoin and BeyondChris Burniske and Jack Tatar do a great job of providing an in-depth technical analysis of the new asset class of decentralized currencies. This goes beyond just the basics of looking at team, product and funding, and really dives deep into the mechanics of the token economy as well as outlining “network value” of projects. (Michael J. Casey and Willy Woo’s analysis are also worth checking out).Topics explored in the book:Fear, greed and managing your emotions.The snowball effect of blockchain tech and why it’s here to stayThe three asset classes within crypto (currencies, commodities, tokens)Modern Portfolio theory and the Sharpe RatioThe big thing to keep in mind when approaching the valuation topic is that nobody really has a solid understanding of this yet — it’s like trying to figure out that Apple would be worth $1T from 1994. That said, Cryptoassets is the most detailed book I have read to date that seriously explores the tough question of evaluating crypto projects. A must read for any investor, trader and analyst.20. The Book Of Satoshi: The Collected Writings of Bitcoin Creator Satoshi NakamotoWe still don’t know who Satoshi is, whether he’s one person or a group of people — and in fact, from what we know he’s never even spent a single bitcoin. His anonymity is probably for the better, but the appeal of mystery is hard to forego. This is an interesting compilation of Satoshi’s emails and posts on forums over the years. It provides a convenient way to parse through what Bitcoin’s creator wrote over the span of the two years that constituted his “public life” before he disappeared. Overall it’s a fun read and will probably be referenced as a history book by future generations. :)21. The Robber Barons: The Classic Account of the Influential Capitalists Who Transformed America’s FutureRockefeller, Morgan, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, Harriman, Gould, Frick…If you are interested in how these men manipulated everything to their advantage, and what the costs were to the country’s economy, banks, stockholders —  this is the book to buy.The most admirable baron bribed politicians, abused their workers, and cheated ordinary investors by manipulating their own stock. Many of their actions would be illegal today….or would they? An interesting question to ask is, “what does a modern day baron look like?” Are tech-moguls the modern robber baron?(Shout out to Taylor Pearson for the recommendation!)22. The Great Crash 1929Reading this story felt hauntingly familiar, like I’d been there, standing at the top of a roof ready to jump off. Like it was back to the future, early 2017 in the crypto-sphere. It’s funny how some things don’t change and how some lessons go unlearned.The book starts with the enormous optimism of the 1920s in the USA and runs through the excitement in investment opportunities from Florida land speculation. People were buying stocks on margin — that is, borrowing money in order to invest larger sums. It was a time when people felt the rollercoaster could climb higher and higher.It’s frightening to hear the number of times ‘experts’, such as Hoover are quoted as saying the same sorts of phrases we’re sick of hearing today…“the fundamentals of the economy are all essentially sound” or “this is just a minor correction from which the economy will bounce back stronger than ever.”When it all came crashing down, it crashed hard. The story of the Great Depression serves as a stark reminder to the consequences of blind optimism and power plays within the financial community. (P.S. you can also just watch the Youtube video here)23. The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the WorldBread, cash, dosh, dough, loot, lucre, moolah, money. What is money, anyways? Historian Nial Fergusson takes us on a journey way back to the Renaissance when the Medici’s spread double-entry booking, all the way up to the present day, delving into the mechanics of CDO’s and the reasons behind our mounting debt and most recent financial crisis. He explores this and much more…Why did gold become gold? Titanium and platinum are more rare and could have been competitors, but at some point in history gold was recognized as the default currency of trade and lasted for 5,000 years.How did the Great Fire of London in the 17th century spur the innovation of insurance? Why can’t the free market can’t provide adequate protection against catastrophe?What are the origins of the subprime mortgage crisis? What happens if China surpasses the US?How does money influence our culture?Want all of these books? I’m giving away all of them for free this Christmas! Click here to find out more!

Why didn’t the United States just allow the Confederate States to secede and have two different countries peaceably?

I am pleased to see some good answers here. This topic tends to get answers that are historically inaccurate.The actual answer is that the United States was stronger as a nation as one unit. In the North, there was also a large sentiment in the business community that replacing slavery with sharecropping (or some form of wage slavery) would be more profitable. As of course, it ended up being. Therefore the South was an economic opportunity IF the institution of slavery was abolished. Employment-at-will and all those kinds of things.Also, the North needed the South’s cotton at inexpensive prices - less than what the UK and France were paying - in order to promote the textile industry in the US. Throughout the 1800s there were numerous ways that the US made extreme efforts to become self-sufficient. One of the looming issues before the Civil War was the Federal idea to place a very high tariff on the sale of cotton overseas, to force (monetarily) the Southern States to sell cotton to the Northern States largely or entirely.Abolitionism - one thing that always needs pointing out is that abolitionists were emancipators. The idea of giving former slaves the vote wasn’t popular at all. However, ostensibly that was THE main platform of the Republican Party, and the split in the Democratic Party (really a whole other topic, but basically separatists vs non-separatists) ensured Lincoln’s election. Thus, being in office, Lincoln was under a lot of pressure from a more churchly side about abolition, and from a more business side about maintaining the country as a unit.The North - Lincoln and Seward - intentionally kept Fort Sumter occupied to force a confrontation. Actually, they originally expected it to be Fort Moultrie which was part of the same command, and it was a pawn in the attempts to lure the Southern States back into the Union. All other Federal installations except Sumter (part of the larger command, defending Charleston Harbor) and the fort controlling the entrance to Pensacola (very very militarily important, and, very very defensible) were in fact turned over to the South. It’s really important to understand this - all installations except those two. All others. On purpose.Then the US commander, receiving no instructions as to what to do - because of the chess game going on - moved to the more defensible spot, which was the unfinished Fort Sumter. The Union then made it clear they were not going to turn over that fort and in fact attempted to supply it (some of that story is actually kinda funny.). The South’s position was, indeed, that the fort was in South Carolina and therefore belonged to South Carolina. The North’s position was to force a conflict. That’s the part that standardized education leaves out - the North intended to provoke the Confederacy to fire on Fort Sumter. Unknown to the Confederacy, Fort Sumter was within a week of being abandoned anyway due to imminent starvation of the occupants (a whole 82 people).And… Jefferson Davis especially, by now the provisional President of the Confederacy, took the bait and authorized the firing on the fort. It was an almost comical mismatch - Sumter’s guns could not reach the Confederate guns, for one thing. And, the Fort was designed to face out to sea, not inland (for obvious reasons). Only one person was killed in Fort Sumter, and that happened after the surrender was underway.Upon which, the North declared war on the South - well, actually they didn’t. For international diplomacy reasons, the South was never recognized by the North, because if it had been, the North would not have been able to blockade the South. But, Lincoln mobilized, and, when Sumter and then that action happened, some of the border states - Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky - also seceded from the Union. Also important to note - they did this AFTER Fort Sumter. One of the larger reasons that Virginia seceded was that if there was a “war”, the House of Burgesses did not want to allow passage of Union troops through Virginia. In any case - at.this.time - the border states were appalled that Lincoln et al had forced a conflict. And that’s how they looked at it - that the North started the war and Fort Sumter had been occupied territory by a foreign force. A different interpretation as to who “owned” Fort Sumter - not as simple as “the South attacked the North”.You see, nobody was sure if secession was constitutional or not. Lincoln decided to act as if it were not (for the reasons at top, and, that the South being “in rebellion” meant that the North did not recognize the South AS seceding. This is why the recognition of the UK and France was so important, English or French ships being kept out would then have been an act of war by the North against those countries). The South was certain secession was constitutional - and if it wasn’t, it should be.Someone else noted that it was a rich man’s war, and they are entirely right. Getting into the psychology of the South is, and was then, complicated. But the war was promoted by the rich slave owners, and in the North, the abolitionists were a relatively minor force until 2–3 years later. It was not some “holy war to free the slaves”, not at first. When you hear Lincoln speak of preserving the Union, he meant exactly that. He was also personally - at that time - an abolitionist, not a believer in equal rights for black persons.Even with all this, both sides assumed there would not be something anything like what actually happened in the Civil War. William Tecumseh Sherman was actually relieved of duty and assumed “crazy’ because it insisted that it would be a long and bloody war. I often wonder, if both sides had realized what would really happen, if they would - either of them - wanted war and instead compromised. But, the South thought that numerous things (and they were numerous) would happen, and the North would let them go. None of them ever happened. The North thought that the South would realize that they were militarily screwed and come back into the fold. In fact, right after initial succession, this almost happened. But the conditions - eternal guarantee of slavery in the South - was not about to pass the now overwhelmingly Republican Congress (remember, all Representatives from the South had left).On the North’s part, everything went more or less as planned in the long run. Winfield Scott’s anaconda plan - encircling the South, like a siege - was more or less what ended up happening. The outdated military concept of killing everyone in sight to take an “emotionally significant city” still went on, making Virginia a back-and-forth for a long time. But eventually, in Grant Lincoln found a general willing to “kill everybody” and so he did. (Note Hitler doing this in WW2 with Stalingrad. Outdated war strategy.).It is something that I feel is overlooked when we are presented with “why the Civil War happened”. Some of it WAS promotion of capitalist worker exploitation, just of a different sort. And some of it WAS about Federalism, a central authority being more powerful than its component parts.By the middle or so of the war, it was largely about slavery, but interestingly, much of that came through the Union Army itself. They were seeing the actual slaves, they were recruiting the actual slaves. It’s possible that within the Union Army, you had the most passionate abolitionists there were. It no longer was Ohio and Kentucky regiments (I mean, there were, but…) it was more a real cause. And, I think, people in the North started to realize that the South was willing to kill so many of their sons for… slavery? That struck them as madness, and the North became very abolitionist.The real answer, then, was the South seceding would be economically bad for the North. And the South was afraid that everything would be changed by Federalism, including slavery. But it was not slavery alone. That was the most prominent characteristic of what Federalism would mean, a complete change in the South’s economic system, and, all future things under the control of the North.Nobody ever reads anything this long, but I know an awful lot about this topic. It’s important I feel that to understand the current-day US that one understands the Civil War, really, the entire 1800s. Maybe abstractly or philosophically, the South - and many people elsewhere - are still fighting this war. Federalism - “big government!” - is still right in our present. The controversy started a long time ago. So in a sense, those against big government or Roe vs Wade are trying to reverse what the Civil War accomplished. It’s not petty, it’s a very important part of our history.

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