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Yes, I would definitely say there was some sort of competition — camaraderie if you will between the Jedi younglings and learners.Without it, how else would the master choose you? How else would you showcase your skill? If you did not show signs of skill, ability, or potential, why would a master even feel the need to choose you in the first place?A great example is the story of Qui-Gon Jinn. He was taken as an infant to Coruscant to learn the ways of the Jedi. Being a natural, he often performed very well as a youngling and continued to throughout his Jedi life.At the age of 10, Qui-Gon participated in the Exhibition Day Tournament—an event that was encouraged for everyone to participate in. Here, young students were able to perform their saber skills.This was an easy way to let Jedi Knights and masters see many Jedi younglings, enabling them to choose their apprentices more easily.For Qui-Gon, he practically bested everyone that went against him. As a result, Jedi Master Dooku sensed his great skill and was astonished by it. He then took Qui-Gon in as his apprentice some time later.These events were expected to be competitive and challenging. It was to see which Jedi youngling could come out on top and who wouldn’t be able to endure. It was like an evaluation that allowed for self-evaluation and even evaluation from higher rankings such as Jedi Masters.The Jedi Order called for competition because that’s what naturally occurs.If you recall, Anakin became a very powerful Jedi from the beginning. Many younglings were jealous and envious of his power. They often mocked him and made fun of him.This level of rivalry was natural — just like anything in the real world that calls for rankings.

In order to understand the psychology behind it, it’s very important first to understand what is self concept. Because I am a psychology apprentice, this will be a long read. So grab a cup of coffee and prepare your thinking hat.We are about to travel deep into the rabbit’s hole of psychology.Ready?Self concept includes all beliefs about the self as well as ones overall evaluation of the self.Self esteem - The positivity of a person’s evaluation of the self; overall of evaluation of one’s trait and self-features as good, bad and mediocre.Social Comparison - a cognitive comparison of the self to others (usually similar others) in terms of abilities, skills, traits and opinions.Self Esteem: High and LowPeople with high self-esteem tend to have self-serving bias (attribute positive events to their own character but negative to external factors)People with high self-esteem tend to have more frequent positive emotionsPeople with low self-esteem tend to have greater emotional variability.People with low self-esteem is associated w/depression and drug abuse.Self-Esteem Variability - the magnitude of short term fluctuation in ongoing self-esteem; the extent to which one’s self-evaluation is changeable.(Basically how self esteem change depending on the situation, each person is different.)There are four processes involved in self-esteem variability.enhance sensitivity to social evaluation events (pay more attention)over-rely on social sources of evaluation in own self-evaluation (use other’s judgment for happiness/sadness)increased concern w/ own self views (fear of social judgment)may react to evaluation w/ anger, hostility, fear (If other people say bad things, might get offended)#4 is important. Now we are moving onto why.Implicit & Explicit Self-EsteemImplicit Self Esteem - highly efficient (rapid and auto) evaluative of the self that occurs unintentionally and outside of conscious awareness.(Guide conscious response to question about the self when you are not motivated or unable to actively retrieve explicit attitude)Ex. The first few words you would use to describe yourself internally. A low implicit individual tend to use descriptions like dumb and boring while a high implicit individual would use descriptions like intelligent and confident.Explicit Self Esteem - consciously formulated responses to question about how they feel and evaluate themselves.(Consciously held attitude about the self)Ex. Words you would use to describe yourself to other people. There’s more cognitive process in explicit because of judgment from others. A low explicit self esteem individual tend to be more shy than a high explicit self esteem individual who tends to be more social.Jordan et al (2002) - Defensive Self-Esteem and Narcissim.In this study, Jordan et al concluded that individuals with LOW IMPLICIT self-esteem and HIGH EXPLICIT self-esteem scored higher on narcissism.“Secure” Self-Esteem (Healthy) - high on both.“Defensive” Self-Esteem (Unhealthy) - LOW Implicit and HIGH Explicit.Narcissism - a style of inflated self-admiration and constant attempts to draw attention to the self and keep others focused on the self.They mainly rely on other people’s approval rather than internal approval.Narcissistic Rage - intense anger/aggression in response to slightest criticism.~Individuals with high implicit self-esteem tend to engage more in nonverbal positive behaviors during conflict when they perceive their partners to be committed.~Individuals with high implicit self-esteem tend to be implicitly motivated to consciously correct for connection and sensitivity to their partners’ effort~Individuals with low implicit self-esteem tend to respond defensively to self-threats. They also tend to take extreme views and to over-estimate social situations.~Individuals with low implicit self-esteem has also been found to have uncertainty in self-concept.~Individuals with a combination of low implicit and high explicit self-esteem have what is called defensive self-esteem (fragile self-esteem). In a comparative study it was found that individuals with defensive self-esteem tended to be less forgiving than others.CONCLUSIONAt long last, the final conclusion! What can we deduce from all the data we got?People who are offended easily tend to have low implicit self-esteem and high explicit self-esteem.Given that they are fragile on the inside and rely on other people for approval, giving the slightest criticism will affect them easily than individuals who are high on both.In addition, they tend to score high on IAT Self-Esteem Scores. People who are high on narcissism score get offended very easily.But keep in mind that does not mean they are a narcissistic.

Like most of Trump’s Presidency so far, the event was not normal and was carefully staged to present 3 images.Trump (as President) is massively productive.The visible (and verbal) loyalty of his cabinet to him personally.Timed in a way to offset the damaging testimony of fired FBI Director James Comey last week.But, like all of Trump activity, it was pure theatrics — with almost the same staging and production design as an episode of The Apprentice.That was the motivation, but most of the coverage I saw or read highlighted the totally bizarre nature of the staged event.What most Americans saw was a group of sycophants pledging their loyalty and allegiance to a man who I believe has many cognitive impairments. At age 70, one of those may well be early stage dementia, but the text book case I see is what’s known as the Dunning-Kruger effect.Dunning-Kruger: In the field of psychology, the Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias, wherein persons of low ability suffer from illusory superiority when they mistakenly assess their cognitive ability as greater than it is. The cognitive bias of illusory superiority derives from the metacognitive inability of low-ability persons to recognize their own ineptitude; without such self-awareness, they cannot objectively evaluate their actual competence or incompetence. [1]In the end, the event was exclusively designed to appeal to Trump loyalists — and I think Trump loyalists are easily impressed with these theatrical events. Signing Executive Orders is another example of “action” that has all the appearance of “legislation” — but isn’t. Like much of his history (multiple failed marriages and businesses), Trump is a complete grifter — a con — and his presidency will not end well for either DJT or the country.At this point, Trump is officially a national disaster — a clear and present danger to our democracy — AND a global embarrassment that will take years to repair.[1] Trump and the Dunning-Kruger Effect